Description: War Thunder is a next generation military MMO game dedicated to...
The army of any country is its shield and sword. The main activity of these armed formations is the defense of the borders of the state and the preservation of sovereignty. Sometimes for this it is necessary to act not only on the protected territory, but also on the lands of potential enemies.
To this end, each country is actively developing various types of weapons. Especially if this is such a large and technologically advanced power as the Russian Federation.
Promising and the latest weapons Russians have different origins. Some began to be developed even under the Soviet Union, some were already created by the designers of the Russian Federation. The simplest example is the fifth-generation Su-57 fighters or the Armata universal platform. And this despite the difficult economic situation of the 90s of the last century.
Armored personnel carrier "Boomerang": Square and practical Of course, the latest developments of Russian weapons are being carried out in all sectors of the military-industrial complex. Every year, the Russian military budget is effectively spent on financing a number of promising projects aimed at introducing and implementing edge-generation technologies.
In addition to the fact that the money goes to research and design activities, new weapons are being developed in Russia and the country's military-industrial complex is being improved. After all, it is not enough to build a prototype of a rocket or a tank; it is also necessary to ensure mass and high-tech production.
In addition to the usual models of equipment and weapons, research is being conducted in the field of military technologies based on new physical principles. it latest weapons Russia: laser emitters, railguns, magnetic accelerators, and, probably, a lot of projects that are not available to wide publicity.
Russia's new missile weapon
Almost since the advent of nuclear weapons, they have been used in the global deterrence strategy. The basis of modern weapons in Russia is the nuclear reaction force. Intercontinental ballistic missiles ensure the safety of our citizens. Russia's new weapons are being regularly developed, and work on promising projects never stops.
Until recently, Russian missile weapons were represented by such monsters as "Sotka" and "Voevoda". But in last years they began to be actively replaced by Topol and Topol-M. In addition, new samples of these weapons are regularly sent from the depths of the Design Bureau for testing.
Topol-M: Timeless classics RS-24 Yars
RS-24 Yars is a new generation of Russian nuclear weapons. Produced at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant in the city of the same name. "Yarsom" will replace the weapons systems of the previous generation: RS-18 and RS-20. New installations will replace the Topols that are out of warranty. The first samples were received by the Strategic Missile Forces in 2015.
RS-24 Yars - a novelty of the Strategic Missile Forces RS-26 Frontier
The RS-26 is a nuclear weapon system with increased accuracy in striking a target. The development of the MBR was carried out by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering in the period from 2006 to 2014. The very first rocket launch had negative consequences: the Rocket crashed. The rest of the launches were successful. The rocket was tested at the Plesetsk and Kapustin Yar training grounds.
"Frontier" will replace such complexes as "Topol-M" and "Yars".
The main feature of the RS-26 is a missile capable of passing through the enemy's missile defense and air defense forces and striking at the intended enemy object.
Frontier or Vanguard. It all depends on where you are based. RS-28 "Sarmat" (ICBM)
The RS-28 heavy ICBM has been developed since 2009. The term of the planned adoption into service is 2016. In 2018, V. Putin officially confirmed the acceptance of the rocket by the RSVN forces. The main goal of the project is to replace the outdated RS-20 complex. "Sarmat" is able to achieve the goal by paving the way through the poles of the planet, which contributes to the difficulty of intercepting ICBMs.
RS-28 "Sarmat": New headache"western partners" BZHRK Barguzin
"Barguzin" is a combat missile system based on a special train. This type of RK is used only in Russia. The rest of the countries have no analogues.
The creation of Barguzin began in 2012. For a long time they could not decide on a rocket for the complex. However, over time, the choice settled on the RS-24 Yars.
The system is still being developed. According to plans, the deployment of the production of the complex will begin in 2018. Starting from 2020, admission to the RSVN will begin.
R-30 (Mace-30)
The R-30 is a promising ballistic missile designed to arm submarines. Designed for application nuclear strike across enemy territory. Able to fly over a distance of 8,000 km. It carries up to 20 warheads with nuclear weapons.
"Mace" of a new generation Armor-piercing modern weapons of Russia
by the most terrible weapon on the modern battlefield in local conflicts are tanks. Armored vehicles, armed with cannons and machine guns, perform their role extremely effectively. To increase the chances of survival of ordinary soldiers and successfully counter such a threat, modern anti-tank systems and other similar new types of weapons in Russia are being developed.
RPG-29 "Vampire" with a shot
"Cornet-P"
"Kornet-P" is the most modern weapon in Russia. An anti-tank guided weapon system with a warhead capable of penetrating up to 1500 mm of armor. The new armament of the Russian Army was developed in the city of Tula, at the Instrument Design Bureau. The saturation of Kornet-P in the RF Armed Forces began in 2011. It is mainly based on the Tiger mobile platforms, there are options for the infantry.
"Kornet-P" in the installation, placed on the armored car "Tiger" RK Hermes
Adopted in 2012, the Hermes missile system is intended for installation on aircraft and armored chassis. The design bureau was also involved in the development, which created the Cornet. The installation of Hermes on the Ka-52, Mi-28N and Pantsir-1s has been officially announced.
Combat helicopter with Hermes missiles on pylons MGK "Bur"
"Bur" is an anti-tank grenade launcher to counter enemy armored vehicles. A feature of the weapon is reusable launcher. At the same time, the shot itself is single-shot. Adopted by the Russian army in 2014.
"Bur" promising anti-tank complex RPG-32 Hashim
RPG-32 Hashim - is a joint project of Russia and Jordan. The latter are the main customers. A hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher is being produced at a joint venture in Jordan. Since 2013, the plant has been producing up to 60,000 RPGs per year.
Modern weapons of small arms type
The infantryman was and remains the main combat unit of all the armies of the world. And for effective action this type of troops requires simple and reliable weapons. In addition to the development of rifle complexes for soldiers, it is being actively developed promising weapon Russia for special forces, different types of troops.
Kalashnikov assault rifle 12 and 15
Despite their simplicity and reliability, Kalashnikov assault rifles are regularly modified and improved. The latest developments in this area are models with the designation 12 and 15. In addition to revised ergonomics and internal mechanics, changes have also been made to the caliber of one of the versions. AK-15 uses 7.62*39 cartridges as ammunition, as in AK-47.
AK-15 is part of the modern equipment of the fighter "Warrior" Two-medium ADS machine
ADS is a promising automatic system designed for naval special forces. The main and most important “chip” of the gun is the possibility of effective shooting under water and in airspace.
The ADS itself has a bullpup system. That is, the store is located in the butt of the weapon. It enhances ergonomics assault rifle and allows not to produce special versions of the product for “left-handers”. It has been in service with the RF Armed Forces since 2016. It is actively bought by foreigners.
SVLK-14s
One of the problems of the Soviet, and then the Russian military industry, has always been the inability to create a high-precision sniper rifle. In the Russian Federation, rifles of foreign manufacturers were often used. The problem was slightly solved when the private company "Tsar Cannon" appeared, under the leadership of V. Lobaev.
Despite all the difficulties with the creation and sale of products, Tsar Cannon managed to create high-precision weapons in Russia and enter the world market with the sniper complex of the SVLT-14s project. This weapon is capable of hitting a target at a distance of up to 2 km. Excellent ergonomics and the possibility of customization made it possible to quickly receive orders not only from athletes, but also from special forces units.
The nominal name of the rifle - "Twilight" Sniper complex 6S8
6S8 - development of the Degtyarevsk arms factory. In fact, the rifle was developed back in 1997, but due to a number of reasons, production never began. They returned to the project after 16 years. AT new version weapons used all the accumulated developments.
6S8, despite the impressive caliber 12.7 * 108, turned out to be compact and light. This was facilitated by the materials from which the new weapons of Russia were made: the complex itself, and the store, located according to the Bullpup system. The main task of the 6S8 is to defeat light armored vehicles and unarmored vehicles at a distance of up to 1.5 km.
"Kord" is able to break through the armor light equipment and helicopters T-5000 OrSys
The T-5000 OrSis sniper rifle is a direct competitor to the SVLK-14s. Both of these complexes have similar performance characteristics. Another interesting factor is a manufacturing company: OrSys - new weapons are produced by a private company, which is unusual for the Russian market. T-5000 has a high degree customization and is designed for accurate fire at a distance of up to 1.5 km.
Anti-aircraft missile systems
modern warfare seldom does without aviation. And if MANPADS and mobile air defense systems can cover helicopters and low-flying aircraft, then something more serious is required from cruise missiles and aircraft at high altitudes.
The Russian Federation is currently armed with the S-300 and S-400 complexes, but a more perfect replacement is already being prepared for them.
SAM S-500 "Triumfator"
The S-500 is an evolutionary development of the S-400. The new complex will be able to hit more wide range targets: cruise missiles, aircraft, ICBMs and even satellites in low Earth orbit. The project is currently under active development. Estimated date of adoption is 2020.
S-300OVM "Antey-2500"
S-300OBM is a deep modernization of the S-300 complex. Designed for mobile deployment in a specified area. Able to simultaneously conduct 24 targets. Main targets: aircraft, UAVs. Can hit ballistic missiles with a range of 2,500 km.
New developments of Russian military equipment
It is difficult to imagine an army not equipped with equipment. This list includes self-propelled artillery, armored vehicles, wheeled vehicles, etc. Some of the new developments in Russian military equipment have received excellent marks during tests on the battlefields with terrorists in Syria.
BMD-4M "Bakhcha-U" - extreme modification of the Airborne Combat Vehicle Coalition-SV
Coalition-SV is a double-barreled art installation with a caliber of 152 mm. Able to fire at a distance of up to 70 kilometers. It all depends on the type of projectile used. The rate of fire of the installation reaches 30 shots per minute. This is achieved by means of an automatic loader, which is introduced into the latest generation of Russian weapons.
The crew of the Coalition-SV is placed in a special armored capsule located in the chassis. The ACS is one of the vehicles developed on the Armata universal platform.
T-14 "Armata"
The latest developments of Russian weapons. Most of the characteristics and materials from which the tank is made are strictly classified. A feature of the machine can be called a high degree of crew security. This is both dynamic protection and a complex active protection, and a special armored capsule in which people are placed.
Initially, the project was equipped with a 152 mm gun, but later it was replaced with a 125 mm gun. However, the larger caliber was not abandoned and the next versions of the T-14 will be produced with a different gun.
T-14 "Armata". Modern implementation of Soviet developments T-15 "Kurganets" (TBMP)
The T-15 is a heavy infantry fighting vehicle. Has a serious reservation. It is a machine based on the Armata platform. Carries a crew. Equipped with cannons, machine guns and anti-tank missiles.
TBMP T-15 "Kurganets" based on the platform "Armata" New Russian weapons of the latest developments
Russian engineers are working not only on the technology we are used to, but also on devices of a completely different level. Some new types of Russian weapons were considered only the fantasies of writers a dozen years ago, but today they are quite real.
Yu-71
Recently, news about rockets and aircraft capable of moving at speeds exceeding the speed of sound has been increasingly flashing. There is an active debate about the possibility of hypersonic flights in excess of 10,000 km.
And while everyone is arguing, Russian engineers are developing the Yu-71 project. Russia's new weapon is a drone capable of carrying a nuclear arsenal and moving at a speed of 12,000 kilometers per hour. At the same time, the machine is able to maneuver and dramatically change the flight path.
laser weapons
Projects to create laser weapons were carried out in the USSR. However, after the collapse of the Land of Soviets, all developments were frozen, problems with funding, etc.
Already in our millennium, part of the work began to be revived and actively invested in the development of promising projects of this type of weapon. In 2018, V. Putin officially demonstrated the operation of a modern Russian laser. A flying training target was shot down on the video.
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Content
4Chapter 1. Types of weapons of the Russian army .............................................. ..
Armament of the Ground Forces .............................................................. .............
Armament of the Navy .............................................................. ......
Armament of the Air Force .............................................................. .......
Conclusion………………….......................................... .................................
List of sources used…………………………………………………………………………… ........
Introduction
Armed forces Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces), - state military organization of the Russian Federation, designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, for the armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of its territory, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with international treaties Russian Federation .
The Armed Forces of Russia include the Ground Forces, the Air Force, and the Navy; separate types of troops - Space, Airborne Troops and Strategic Missile Forces; central authorities military administration; The rear of the Armed Forces, as well as troops that are not included in the types and types of troops.
The Russian Armed Forces were formed on May 7, 1992. This is one of the largest armed forces in the world, the number of their personnel is 1 million people. The Russian Armed Forces are distinguished by the presence of the world's largest an arsenal of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons, and a well-developed system of their delivery systems.
Relevance: At military affairs in Russia richest history. And always Russian warriors were loved and respected by compatriots. One of the reasons for this is the high level of spirituality of the Russian military. For centuries, a code of morality has been worked out in the Russian army. His non-permanent values - fidelity to duty, military honor, dignity, pride in belonging to the profession of the defender of the Fatherland - were preserved as shrines and passed down from generation to generation, tested for strength in battles and brought up by military labor in Peaceful time. Statesmen, commanders, military leaders, officers and generals of the Russian army tirelessly cared about increasing the glory and traditions of the troops, improving culture, and observing the rules of etiquette. Particularly great are the merits in this area of Peter I, P., A. Rumyantsev, G. A. Potemkin, A. V. Suvorov, M. I. Kutuzov, F. F. Ushakov, V. A. Kornilov, P. S. Nakhimov, M. I. Dragomirova, S. O. Makarova, N. D. Skobeleva.
Purpose of the study: to acquaint students with the structure, purpose and armament of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Research objectives:
Study the weapons of the ground forces
Consider the weapons of the navy
Analyze the weapons of the air force
Object of study: weapons of the Russian army.
Subject of study:
Chapter 1.
1.1. Armament of the ground forces
Ground troopsare the most numerous species and form the basis of groupings of troops in strategic directions. They are designed to provide and to protect our country from external aggression on land, as well as to protect Russia within the framework of its international obligations to ensure collective security.
In terms of their combat capabilities, the Ground Forces, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, are capable of conducting an offensive in order to defeat the enemy grouping and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to a great depth, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, firmly hold the occupied territories, areas and frontiers.
The ground forces organizationally consist of (Fig. 1) motorized rifle and tank troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, which are branches of the military, as well as special troops (reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, NBC protection, technical support, rear protection, rear units and organizations). basis them combat strength are motorized rifle, tank divisions and brigades (including mountain), brigades (regiments) of military branches and special troops, organized in the army and front (district) groupings of troops (forces).
The formations and formations of the Ground Forces are the main component of the military districts: Moscow (MVO), Leningrad (LenVO), North Caucasus (SKVO), Volga-Ural (PurVO), Siberian (SibVO), Far Eastern (FOR).
Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the armed forces, which forms the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their battle formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, effective means intelligence and control.
Rice. 1. Structure of the Ground Forces
Tank forces- the type of troops and the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They are used mainly in the main directions for delivering powerful cutting blows to the enemy to a great depth.
Possessing great stability and firepower, high mobility and maneuverability, tank troops are able to make fullest use of the results of nuclear and fire strikes and achieve the final results of a battle and operation in a short time.
Rocket troops and artillery- a branch of the Ground Forces, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction in front-line and army (corps) operations and in combined arms combat. Designed to destroy nuclear weapons, manpower, artillery, other fire weapons and enemy targets.
Troops air defense - a branch of the Ground Forces, designed to repel enemy air attacks and protect groupings of troops and rear facilities from air strikes.
The successful fulfillment by the combined-arms formations of the tasks facing them is ensured by special troops (engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, etc.) and services (weapons, rear).
Special Troops- military units, institutions and organizations designed to ensure the combat activities of the Ground Forces and solve their inherent special tasks.
In addition to small arms (Fig. 2-5), the Ground Forces are armed with tanks (T-90 - Fig. 6, T-80U, T-72, T-64, T-62, T-54/55), armored personnel carriers ( BTR-60/70/80 - Fig. 7), infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-1/2/3 - Fig. 8), combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicles (BRDM), howitzers (Fig. 9) and 122-caliber guns 203 mm mortars, caliber 82 (Fig. 10), 120, 160 and 240 mm, multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS caliber 122, 140, 220, 240 and 300 mm - Fig. 11), anti-tank weapons(hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers, anti-tank missile systems, guns), military air defense systems (self-propelled anti-aircraft installations, anti-aircraft missile systems, portable anti-aircraft missile systems), Tochka-U tactical missiles, Mi-8 helicopters (Fig. 12), Mi-24, Mi-26.
Rice. 2. Makarov pistol (PM): caliber - 9 mm; barrel length - 93 mm; magazine capacity - 8 rounds; weight with a loaded magazine - 810 g; effective firing range - 25 m; combat rate of fire - 30 rounds / min; muzzle velocity - 315 m/s
Rice. 3. Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD): caliber 7.62 mm; length - 1220 mm: barrel length - 620 mm; muzzle velocity - 830 m/s; magazine capacity - 10 rounds; weight with an equipped magazine - 4.51 kg; effective range - 1300 m
Rice. 4. Kalashnikov assault rifle (LK-74M): caliber - 5.45 mm; magazine capacity - 30 rounds; weight without bayonet and cartridges - 2.71 kg; rate of fire - 600 rounds / min; effective range - 1000 m
Rice. 5. Machine gun NSV-127 "Kord": caliber - 12.7 mm; weight - 25 kg; tape capacity - 50 rounds; combat rate of fire 650-750 rounds / min; muzzle velocity - 820-860 m/s; effective range - 2000 m
Rice. 6. Tank T-90 "Black Eagle": length - 9.5 m; height - 2.225 m; width - 3.78 m; weight - 48 tons; power - 840 l. e.; maximum speed- 70 km / h; range - 550-650 km; armament - 125 mm smoothbore gun, 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun, 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, ATGM; ammunition - 43 shells, 300 rounds of 12.7 mm caliber, 2000 rounds of 7.62 mm caliber; crew - 3 people
Rice. 7. Armored personnel carrier BTR-80: combat weight - 13.6 g; length - 7.6 m; width - 2.9 m; height - 2.3 m; armament - 14.5 mm coaxial machine gun, 7.62 mm anti-aircraft machine gun; maximum speed on the highway (afloat) - 80 (9) km / h; cruising range on the highway - 600 km; engine power - 260 l. e.; combat crew - 10 people (3 people - crew, 7 people - landing)
Rice. eight. Fighting machine infantry BMP-3: combat weight - 18.7 tons; length - 6.7 m; width - 3.3 m; height - 2.65 m; engine power - 500 l. e.; maximum speed ho highway (afloat) - 70 (10) km / h; cruising range on the highway - 600 km; rate of fire - 300 rounds / min; firing range - 4000 m; armament - 100 mm gun; ammunition - 40 ATGM rounds; combat crew - 10 people (3 people - crew, 7 people - landing)
Rice. 9. self-propelled howitzer"Acacia": caliber - 152 mm; combat weight - 27.5 tons; mass of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile (cumulative) - 43.56 (27.4) kg; muzzle velocity - 655 m/s; armor penetration of a cumulative projectile - 250 mm; maximum firing range - 17400 m; rate of fire - 4 shots / min; ammunition - 46 shots; engine power - 520 l. e.; highway speed - 60 km / h; power reserve - 500 km; calculation (crew) - 6 (4) people
Rice. 10. Mortar 2B14-1 "Tray": caliber - 82 mm; firing range - 4270 m; rate of fire - 24 rounds / min; calculation - 4 people; weight - 39 kg; ammunition - 120 rounds
Rice. eleven. Jet system salvo fire "Smerch": caliber - 300 mm; number of guides - 12; projectile weight - 800 kg; firing range - 20-70 km; area affected by one volley - 67.2 hectares; full salvo time - 40 s; power reserve - 900 km; calculation - 4 people
Rice. 12. Transport combat helicopter Mi-8: length - 18.22 m; height - 5.65 m; diameter of the main screw - 21.29 m; maximum takeoff weight - 12200 kg; cruising speed - 225 km / h; range - 465 km; ceiling - 4500 m; crew - 2-3 people; payload - 4000 kg in the cab or 3000 kg on the suspension; armament - 7.62 mm or 12.7 mm machine gun; combat load - 1000 kg (PU, bombs or ATGMs)
1.2. Armament of the navy
A warship is a ship belonging to the armed forces of a state, bearing the external markings of nationality, under the command of an officer who is in the service of his state, and also manned by a crew who are subject to regular discipline. A warship flying the flag of its own state has sovereignty, which guarantees against interference by officials of another state. Warships are the property of the country, and wherever they are, they are subject only to its laws.
Each warship, as a rule, is equipped with several types of weapons, of which one is the main one, designed to solve the main tasks, and the rest are auxiliary, to perform additional tasks and self-defense. To control weapons, provide navigation, communications and monitoring the situation, ships are equipped with electronic and other technical means. The ships are driven by steam, diesel, diesel-electric, gas turbine, combined or nuclear power plants. Depending on the purpose, displacement, armament and other qualities, ships are divided (classified) into classes, subclasses and types, as well as in a number of fleets in order to determine seniority, in particular the Russian Navy and the Ukrainian Navy, ships are divided into ranks.
CLASSES OF DOMESTIC MODERN FIGHTING SHIPS
BY WEAPONS AND PURPOSE
Aircraft carriers - as the main armament, they have airplanes and helicopters used in solving combat missions, as well as for transporting goods and people, communications between ships of the formation. Equipped with means to ensure the basing and operation of aircraft.
Large warships designed to destroy enemy submarines, surface ships and ships at sea, ensure the landing of amphibious assault forces, fire support for ground forces and solve other combat missions at sea.
Destroyers (destroyers) are warships designed to destroy enemy submarines and surface ships (ships), conduct anti-submarine and air defense of their surface ships and ships at sea crossing and in battle, to ensure the landing of amphibious assault forces, sea transportation, fire support for troops on the coast, mine laying and other tasks.
Anti-submarine ships (large anti-submarine ships, small anti-submarine ships) - designed to combat submarines, provide anti-submarine defense of formations of ships, convoys and landings at the sea crossing. Anti-submarine ships are capable of operating both in remote areas of the seas and oceans, and in the seas adjacent to the country's territory. To do this, anti-submarine ships are equipped with sonar systems for searching and detecting submarines, classifying them, tracking them and issuing target designations for weapons. These ships are armed with anti-submarine missiles and torpedoes, jet bombers for throwing depth charges. As well as anti-aircraft missiles and artillery systems. As a rule, they have anti-submarine helicopters on board.
Designed for the transportation of military equipment and personnel
Mine-sweeping ships - designed for mine defense
Rocket and artillery ships - as the main armament they have a guided missile weapons and artillery
Patrol ships - designed to carry out patrol service, anti-submarine defense, air defense and anti-ship protection of formations and convoys
Special purpose ships (staff, reconnaissance)
BY NAVIGATION AREA
ships of the far sea zone
coastal sailing ships
ships of inland navigation (river) and mixed navigation
BY METHOD OF MOVEMENT
displacement ships
submarines (missile strategic purpose(RPKSN), nuclear-powered with cruise missiles, multi-purpose nuclear submarines with torpedo or torpedo-missile weapons, non-nuclear submarines with torpedo or torpedo-missile weapons)
with dynamic maintenance principles - hydrofoil ship, air cavity ship
BY TYPE OF MAIN POWER PLANT
with a nuclear power plant
with gas turbine power plant
with diesel power plant
BY ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL TYPE AND NUMBER OF PROPELLER SHAFTS
monohull ships
double-hulled ships
single-deck (multi-deck) ships
single-shaft (two-shaft) ships
AUXILIARY VESSELS (SUPPLY VESSELS)
Auxiliary ships of war or support ships of the auxiliary fleet are ships that are not warships, but belong to the armed forces or are under their exclusive control and have external national markings. Auxiliary military vessels are not designed to perform combat missions. Their main purpose is combat or logistic support for fleet operations at sea and in roadsteads. Military support vessels can be equipped with both a military crew and civilian personnel (team). Auxiliary ships are military vessels, regardless of whether the ship is commanded by a commander (officer) or a captain (civilian). Auxiliary warships have the same sovereign immunity as warships due to the fact that they are owned by the state, or temporarily operated in government non-commercial service. Like warships, auxiliary ships have exclusive sovereignty over the actions of the crew (ship's crew) and passengers on board.
Depending on the purpose and performance characteristics, auxiliary vessels, like warships, are divided into classes, and within classes - into subclasses, taking into account the cruising range, tonnage or specialization.
TYPES OF AUXILIARY SHIPS
Auxiliary vessels are divided into training ships, mother ships, wholesale ships, search and rescue, hospital ships, loaders, torpedo boats, cable ships, hydrographic ships, transports and so on.
TYPES OF SUPPLY VESSELS
Support vessels include basic watercraft, which include tugs, barges, floating cranes and the like.
Summing up this publication, I would like to note that the naval strategies of the leading states of the world, based on the geopolitical realities of the 21st century, have led to a change in the methods and methods of conducting naval battles and organizing fleet forces. First of all, this is due to the creation in the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany and a number of other countries of rapid deployment forces, the core of which was aircraft carriers and universal landing ships. In this regard, one of the main trends in the development of fleets is new stage their "aviation". According to experts, in the 21st century, aircraft carriers will regain the role of the “backbone” of the navies of the great powers.
As you know, aircraft carriers form the basis of an aircraft carrier strike group, which includes modern warships of various classes. So destroyers, in turn, are approaching cruisers in terms of combat capabilities, frigates - to, - to frigates.
Widespread patrol boats. This publication shows a trend towards the creation of multi-purpose boats built on a modular basis, on which, depending on the tasks, a set of weapons can quickly change.
Naval impacts of the 21st century, primarily in local conflicts, are characterized by air-land-sea operations in coastal areas. For the amphibious forces, the decisive factor was the conduct of an “over-the-horizon” landing operation, the main means of delivering the landing force of which were transport and assault helicopters. All this led to an increase in the role of landing ships with the presence aviation assets and reducing the role of amphibious assault ships that are not armed with regular group-based helicopters and convertiplanes.
Thus, the most promising ships of the amphibious forces should include universal landing ships and landing helicopter-carrying dock ships, and the production of tank landing ships with direct landing will be limited.
In addition to nuclear submarines, which are in service with the navies of some of the leading countries of the world, recent times the development of non-nuclear submarines is actively observed, which are characterized by low cost, and allows them to be bought by less rich countries. In addition, nuclear submarines dominate in such an important criterion as acoustic stealth. The creation of non-nuclear submarines with air-independent power plants provides significant advantages. It is believed that this particular class of submarines will become the basis of the submarine forces of non-nuclear states in the near future.future
1.3. Armament of the Air Force.
Air Force- the most mobile and maneuverable type designed to protect the centers, regions of the country (administrative, industrial and economic), groupings of troops and important objects from enemy attacks from air and space, to ensure the actions of the Ground Forces and , delivering strikes against enemy air, land and sea groupings, its administrative-political and military-economic centers.
The main tasks of the Air Force in modern conditions are:
opening the beginning of an attack by an air enemy;
notification of the main headquarters of the Armed Forces, headquarters of military districts, fleets, bodies civil defense about the beginning of an enemy air attack;
gaining and maintaining air supremacy;
covering troops and rear facilities from aerial reconnaissance, air and space strikes;
air support for the Ground Forces and the Navy;
destruction of objects of the military-economic potential of the enemy;
military and government controlled enemy;
the destruction of nuclear missile, anti-aircraft and aviation groups of the enemy and his reserves, as well as air and sea landings;
defeating enemy ship groupings at sea, in the ocean, at naval bases, in ports and bases;
dropping military equipment and landing troops;
transportation by air of troops and military equipment;
conducting strategic, operational and tactical air reconnaissance;
control over the use of airspace in the border zone.
In peacetime, the Air Force performs the tasks of protecting the state border of Russia in the airspace, notifying about the flights of foreign reconnaissance vehicles in the border zone.
The air force includes the air armies of the Supreme Command for Strategic Purposes and the Supreme Command for Military Transport Aviation; Moscow Air Force and Air Defense District; armies of the Air Force and Air Defense: separate corps of the Air Force and Air Defense.
The Air Force includes the following types of troops (Fig. 1):
aviation (types of aviation - bomber, assault, fighter, air defense, reconnaissance, transport and special);
anti-aircraft missile troops;
radio engineering troops;
special troops;
units and institutions of the rear.
bomber aviationIt is armed with long-range (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers of various types. It is designed to defeat groupings of troops, destroy important military, energy facilities and communication centers, mainly in the strategic and operational depth enemy defense. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both conventional and nuclear, as well as air-to-surface guided missiles.
Attack aircraftdesigned for aviation support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects mainly at the forefront, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy, as well as orders to combat enemy aircraft in the air.
Rice. 1. Structure Air force
One of the main requirements for an attack aircraft is the high accuracy of hitting ground targets. Armament: large-caliber guns, bombs, rockets.
Fighter aviationair defense is the main maneuvering force of the air defense system and is designed to cover the most important directions and objects from enemy air attack. It is capable of destroying the enemy at maximum ranges from the defended objects.
Air defense aviation is armed with air defense fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.
reconnaissance aviationDesigned to conduct aerial reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and weather, can destroy enemy hidden objects.
Reconnaissance flights can also be carried out by bomber, fighter-bomber, assault and fighter aviation. To do this, they are specially equipped with photographic equipment for day and night shooting at various scales, radio and radar stations with high resolution, heat direction finders, sound recording and television equipment, and magnetometers.
Reconnaissance aviation is subdivided into tactical, operational and strategic reconnaissance aviation.
Transport aviationdesigned to transport troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, airborne landings, evacuation of the wounded, sick, etc.
Special aviationdesigned for long-range radar detection and guidance, refueling aircraft in the air, maintaining electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological protection, management and communications, meteorological and technical support, rescue of crews in distress, evacuation of the wounded and sick.
Anti-aircraft missile troopsdesigned to protect the country's most important facilities and groupings of troops from enemy air strikes.
They constitute the main firepower of the air defense system and are armed with anti-aircraft missile systems and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes, which have great firepower and high accuracy in destroying enemy air attack weapons.
Radio engineering troops- the main source of information about an air enemy and are designed to conduct its radar reconnaissance, control over the flights of its aviation and compliance with the rules for the use of airspace by aircraft of all departments.
They issue information about the beginning of an air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft missile forces and air defense aviation, as well as information for controlling air defense formations, units and subunits.
Radio-technical troops are armed with radar stations and radar complexes capable of detecting not only air but also surface targets at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference.
Units and divisions of communicationsare intended for the deployment and operation of communication systems in order to ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.
Units and subdivisions of electronic warfaredesigned to interfere with airborne radars, bomb sights, communications and radio navigation means of enemy air attack.
Units and divisions of communications and radio engineering supportdesigned to provide control of aviation units and subunits, aircraft navigation, takeoff and landing of aircraft and helicopters.
Units and divisions of engineering troops,as well asunits and divisions of radiation, chemical and biological protectionare designed to perform the most complex tasks of engineering and chemical support, respectively.
The Air Force is armed with Tu-160 (Fig. 2), Tu-22MZ, Tu-95MS, Su-24, Su-34, MiG-29, MiG-27, MiG-31 aircraft of various modifications (Fig. 3), Su -25, Su-27, Su-39 (Fig. 4), MiG-25R, Su-24MP, A-50 (Fig. 5), An-12, An-22, An-26, An-124, Il -76, IL-78; helicopters Mi-8, Mi-24, Mi-17, Mi-26, Ka-31, Ka-52 (Fig. 6), Ka-62; anti-aircraft missile systems S-200, S-300, S-300PM (Fig. 7), S-400 "Triumph", radar stations and complexes "Opponent-G", "Nebo-U", "Gam - ma-DE" , "Gamma-C1", "Casta-2".
Rice. 2. Tu-160 strategic supersonic bomber bomber: wingspan - 35.6 / 55.7 m; length - 54.1 m; height - 13.1 m; maximum takeoff weight - 275 tons; maximum combat load - 45 tons; cruising speed - 960 km / h; range - 7300 km; ceiling - 18000 m; weapons - missiles, bombs (including nuclear); crew - 4 people
Rice. 3. Multipurpose fighter MiG-31F/FZ: wingspan - 13.46 m; length - 22.67 m; height - 6.15 m; maximum takeoff weight - 50,000 kg; cruising speed - 2450 km / h; range - 3000 km; combat radius of action - 650 km; ceiling - 20,000 m; armament - 23-mm six-barreled gun (260 rounds, rate of fire - 8000 rounds / min); combat load - 9000 kg (UR, bombs); crew - 2 people
Rice. 4. Attack aircraft Su-39: wingspan - 14.52 m; length - 15.33 m; height - 5.2 m; maximum speed near the ground - 2450 km / h; range - 1850 km; ceiling - 18,000 m; armament - 30 mm gun; combat load - 4500 kg (ATGM with ATGM. RCC, NUR, R. bombs - conventional, induced, cluster, nuclear)
Rice. 5. A-50 long-range radar detection and control aircraft: wingspan - 50.5 m; length - 46.59 m; height - 14.8 m; normal takeoff weight - 190,000 kg; maximum cruising speed - 800 km / h; range - 7500 km; ceiling - 12000 m; target detection range: air - 240 km, surface - 380 km; crew - 5 people + 10 people tactical calculation
Rice. 6. Combat attack helicopter Ka-52 "Alligator": rotor diameter - 14.50 m; length with rotating screws - 15.90 m; maximum weight - 10,400 kg; ceiling - 5500 m; range - 520 km; armament - 30-mm cannon with 500 rounds of ammunition; combat load - 2000 kg on 4 hardpoints (ATGM, unified containers with machine-gun and cannon weapons, NUR, UR); crew - 2 people
Rice. 7. Anti-aircraft missile system S-300-PM: hit targets - aircraft, cruise and tactical missiles of all types; affected area - range 5-150 km, height 0.025-28 km; the number of simultaneously hit targets - up to 6; the number of simultaneously aimed missiles at the target - 12; readiness for combat work from the march - 5 minutes
Conclusion:
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are the most important state organization for the protection of the population and territories from external and internal enemies, and also act as a means of political settlement of world conflicts.
The navy of the Russian Federation is intended mainly to strike at important enemy targets and defeat it. naval forces in the oceanic (maritime) theater of operations.
The modern Navy of the Russian Federation has nuclear missile power, high mobility of ships and air groups, high autonomy, and the ability to operate under any conditions. weather conditions in various regions of the oceans.
The Navy of the Russian Federation consists of branches of forces: underwater, surface, naval aviation, coastal missile and artillery troops and marines.
The Russian Navy consists of four fleets (Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea) and the Caspian flotilla and includes the types of forces: submarine forces, surface forces, naval aviation, coastal troops (motorized rifle, tank formations and units, Marines and coastal rocket and artillery troops), support and maintenance units and subunits.
creation of conditions for the security of the economic activity of Russia or the economic structures representing it;
timely detection of a threatening development of the military-political situation or the preparation of an armed attack on the Russian Federation and (or) its allies;
use of military force.
List of used sources.
Retired Major General Igor Pokhlopko: “There is no brotherhood holier than the army!” // February 23, 2012 No. 35 - vsr.mil.by/index/35__2.html?publication=35.// Belarusian Military Newspaper (vsr.mil .by/)
http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/av-strat.htm - www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/av-strat.htm Russia: Long-range aviation". GlobalSecurity.org .2011 . ( English.)
veinik/articles/0e/848/attach.docRussian army under fifth traders].// The Russian army under the heel of traders. Veinik V. A. Manuscript, October 11, 2013
Drogovoz I. G. "The Air Shield of the Land of the Soviets" // Part 4. Sunset, Chapter 1 "Above the Abyss". - Minsk: "Harvest", 2002. - S. 441. - ISBN 985-13-1390-4
Retired Major General Igor Pokhlopko: “There is no brotherhood holier than the army!” // February 23, 2013 No. 35 - vsr.mil.by/index/35__2.html?publication=35.// Belarusian Military Newspaper (vsr.mil .by/)
The development of the branches of the Armed Forces and branches of service - goup32441.narod.ru/files/ogp/001_oporn_konspekt/2009/2009-04-3.html.// Combat training of units (goup32441.narod.ru
Explanatory note
Theme of my individual project called : Types of weapons of the Russian army.
Relevance: Military affairs in Russia have a rich history. And always Russian warriors were loved and respected by compatriots. One of the reasons for this is the high level of spirituality of the Russian military. For centuries, a code of morality has been worked out in the Russian army. His non-permanent values - fidelity to duty, military honor, dignity, pride in belonging to the profession of the defender of the Fatherland - were preserved as shrines and passed down from generation to generation, tested for strength in battles and brought up by military labor in peacetime. Statesmen, commanders, military leaders, officers and generals of the Russian army tirelessly cared about increasing the glory and traditions of the troops, improving culture, and observing the rules of etiquette. Particularly great are the merits in this area of Peter I, P., A. Rumyantsev, G. A. Potemkin, A. V. Suvorov, M. I. Kutuzov, F. F. Ushakov, V. A. Kornilov, P. S. Nakhimov, M. I. Dragomirova, S. O. Makarova, N. D. Skobeleva.
Purpose of the study: to acquaint students with the structure, purpose and armament of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Research objectives:
Study the weapons of the ground forces.
Consider the weapons of the navy.
Analyze the weapons of the air force.
Object of study: weapons of the Russian army.
Subject of study: find out the role of weapons in political life countries.
As a result of the work done, we came to the following conclusions:
that the armed forces of the Russian Federation perform the following vital tasks:
maintaining safe conditions for the life of Russian citizens in zones of armed conflict and political or other instability;
creating conditions for the security of Russia's economic activity;
protection national interests in territorial waters, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of Russia, as well as in the World Ocean;
carrying out, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation, operations using the forces and means of the Armed Forces in regions that are a sphere of vital economic and political interests of the Russian Federation;
organization and conduct of information confrontation.
maintaining the state of combat and mobilization readiness of the country, strategic nuclear forces, forces and means that ensure their functioning and use, as well as control systems in order to, if necessary, inflict the specified damage on the aggressor;
maintaining the combat potential and mobilization readiness of groupings of general-purpose troops (forces) at a level that ensures the repulsion of aggression on a local scale;
maintaining readiness for strategic deployment when the country is transferred to wartime conditions;
organization of territorial defense.
containment of military and military-political threats to security or encroachments on the interests of the Russian Federation;
protection of the economic and political interests of the Russian Federation;
carrying out military operations in peacetime;
use of military force.
You can get acquainted with the list of used literature sources on the presented slide.
Some samples and characteristics of Russian military equipment.
Title: Perspective aviation complex front-line aviation PAK-FA: T-50
Type: fifth generation multirole fighter
Developer: Sukhoi Design Bureau, Russia
Crew: 1
Length, m: 19.7
Height, m: 4.7
Wingspan, m: 14
Wing area, m2: 79
Masses, kg:
Empty: 18500
Normal takeoff: 26000
Maximum takeoff: 36000
Fuel in internal tanks: 10400
Speed, km/h:
At altitude: 2440 (M=2.3)
Near the ground: 1700
Practical ceiling, m: 20000
Rate of climb, m/s: 330
Maximum operating overload: 10.5
Takeoff / run length, m: 350/350
Practical range, km:
4300 without PTB,
5500 with 2 PTB
Range, km: 1500…1800
Flight duration: up to 5.8 hours
Engine: 2 TRDDF Saturn "Product 117S" AL-41F1 (flying at supersonic speed without afterburner and resource increased to 4000 hours, in 2016 it is planned to install a promising engine "Product 129", which has flat nozzles to reduce radar visibility).
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x8800
Afterburner: 2x14500
Name: Tank T-14 "Armata"
Type: main tank
Manufacturer: KB UralVagonZavod, Russia
Crew, people: 3
Length, body m: 8.35
Length with gun forward, m: 10.40
Width, m: 4
Height, m: 2.80 on the roof of the tower
Combat weight, kg: 57000
Engine: 12 - cylinder, X-shaped diesel turbo piston engine A-85-3A (aka 12N360 and 2V12-3)
Power, hp: lowered from 1500 to 1200 to save engine life
Dry engine weight, kg: 1550
Speed, km/h:
Highway: 70
Power reserve, km: 520
Armament:
1 x 125mm 2A82 smoothbore gun capable of firing guided missiles
1 x 7.62 mm tank modernized Kalashnikov machine gun
1x12.7 mm machine gun "Kord" (6P49) is mounted synchronously with the commander's panorama
Like a tank gun, machine gun control is remote-digital
Ammunition, pcs:
Shots to the gun: 45 (of which 32 in the automatic loader)
Cartridges for machine guns: caliber 7.62 - 2000 pcs. Ammunition ready for battle - 1000 rounds. Another 1000 rounds in the belts at the rear of the turret.
Caliber 12.7 mm - 300 pcs. and 300 cartridges in tapes are stored in a box
Loading: automatic loader
Rate of fire in combat conditions, rds / min: 10
Target detection range, m: up to 5000
Target engagement range, m: up to 7000
Built on the universal tracked platform "Armata", it uses the best practices from the projects of experimental tanks T-95 and "Black Eagle". The tank is larger and heavier than the T-90 and has seven rollers on board. The crew consists of three people. Among the main features of "Armata" is an uninhabited tower. None of the crew members are stationed in the tower during the battle. Resistant armor is created using a new grade of steel, and the addition of ceramic and composite layers. Steel grade 44S-SV-Sh was created at JSC Research Institute of Steel.
The operation of the tower is fully automated and has remote control. Emphasis was placed on the comfort and safety of the crew. The crew must be better protected than any other tank in the world. The capsule has active protection.
Name: T-72B
Type: main tank
Developer: Design Bureau of the Ural Carriage Works, Russia
Start of production: 1985
Combat weight, t: 42.5
Crew, people: 3
Dimensions:
Length (with gun forward), m: 9.53
Width, m: 3.46
Height (on the roof of the tower), m: 2.226
Clearance, m: 0.47
Booking: anti-projectile combined with hinged dynamic protection
Armament: 1 x 125 mm 2A46M cannon 1 x 7.62 mm PKT machine gun 1 x 12.7 mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun
1 x 9K120 Svir guided weapon system (ATGM 9M112 with radio control and optical feedback)
Cannon firing range, m:
Maximum: 4000
Effective: n/a
Projectile weight: up to 23kg
Beginning projectile speed, m / s: up to 850 (at 23 kg) up to 1700 (at 7.05 kg)
Ammunition for the gun, pcs.: 45
Ammunition for the PKT machine gun, piece: 2000
Ammunition for the NSVT machine gun, pcs.: 300
Ammunition for anti-tank systems, pcs.: 4
Pointing angles:
Horizontally, degrees: 360
Vertical, degrees: -6 to +14
Engine: V-84-1 diesel
Power, l/s: 840
Max, speed, km/h:
Highway: 60
Cross Country: 35
By water: n/a
Power reserve, km: 500 (700 with external tanks)
Overcome obstacles:
Rise at an angle, deg.: 30
Roll, degrees: 25
Wall height, m: 0.85
Ditch width, m: 2.8
Ford depth, m: 1.2 (with OPVT - 5)
Equipment:
R-173 radio station, R-174 intercom, GPK-59 navigation equipment, TDA smoke screen installation, 8 x 902B, commander's sighting system TKN-ZV, fire extinguishing equipment ZETS13 "Hoarfrost" with freon cylinders.
The adoption by the Soviet Army in 1985 of the tanks of the new modification T-72B was a kind of response to the appearance in the armed forces of NATO of the third post-war generation tanks: Leopard-2, Ml Abrams and Challenger. The design of the T-72B implemented the latest achievements of the then Soviet defense industry - a dynamic protection system and a complex of tank guided weapons.
Armor protection:
The armor of the T-72 is rolled and cast steel, the VLD of the hull (on all models) and the frontal armor of the turret (most models) are combined. The hull of the tank is welded, made of rolled armor parts of various thicknesses and designs. VLD combined, inclined at an angle of 68° from the vertical. NLD made of homogeneous steel, its thickness is 80 mm (on the T-72A it was increased to 100 mm). The steel sheets of the side armor are 70-80 mm thick.
Name: Tu-160 "Blackjack"
Type: Strategic supersonic missile bomber
Crew: 4
Length, m: 54.1
Height, m: 13.1
Wingspan, m: 55.7/35.6
Wing area, m2: 360
Masses, kg:
Empty: 118000
Normal takeoff: 267600
Maksim. takeoff: 275000
Fuel: 148000
Maksim. combat load: 40000
Normal combat load: 9000
Speed, km/h:
Altitude: 2200
Near the ground: 1030
Cruising: 850
Practical ceiling, m: 15000
Maksim. rate of climb, m/min: 4200
Maksim. operating overload: 3.5
Takeoff / run length, m: 2000/1600
Required runway length, m: 3050
Breakaway speed, km/h: 284
Landing speed, km/h: 300
Practical range, km (without refueling):
With normal loading - more than 12500
With max. Loading - 10500
Flight duration, h: 15
Engine: 4xTRDDF NK-32
Thrust, kgf:
Afterburner: 4x25000
Armament: no built-in armament. Two weapons compartments can accommodate various loading options weighing up to 40,000 kg: up to 12 KR type X-55, up to 12 KR type X-15, KAB various types caliber up to 1500kg, thermonuclear and conventional bombs, mines.
avionics: the aircraft is equipped with an integrated sighting and navigation system, including a backup INS, an astronavigation system, a radar, an optoelectronic automatic bombing sight. There is an electronic warfare complex.
Name: Tu-142M "Bear-E"
Type: Anti-submarine aircraft
Developer: Tupolev Design Bureau, Russia
Crew, people: 10-11
Length, m: 55.1
Height, m: 13.6
Wingspan, m: 50.04
Wing area, m2: 289.9
Masses, kg:
Empty: 91800
Maksim. takeoff: 182000
Fuel: 86000
Maksim. combat load: 9000
Speed, km/h:
Maksim. at altitude: 855
Cruising: 735
Practical ceiling, m: 10600
Takeoff / run length, m: 2530 / n.d
Practical flight range, km: 10050
Range, km: 5000
Flight duration, h: 12
Engine: 4xTVD NK-12MV
Power, hp: 4х15000
Armament:
Ammunition: n / a
The bomb bays can accommodate various weapons weighing up to 9000 kg; depth charges, torpedoes, rockets, as well as various sonar buoys. Up to 8 Kh-35 anti-ship missiles can be suspended on parts of the aircraft under the wings.
Airborne avionics: aircraft are equipped with various search and sighting systems: Korshun, Korshun-Kaira, 2 Korshun-K, Berkut, as well as electronic warfare systems.
Name: Su-30 (T-10PU) "Flanker-C"
Type: Air defense fighter-interceptor
Manufacturer: OKB Sukhoi, Russia
Crew: 2
Length, m (with PVD): 21.93
Height, m: 6.35
Wingspan, m: 14.7
Wing area, m2: 62.04
Masses, kg:
Empty: 17500
Normal takeoff: 24000
Maksim. takeoff: 30500
Fuel in internal tanks: 9400
Maksim. combat load: 4000
Speed, km/h:
At height: 2125(M=2.0)
Near the ground: 1400 (M=1.14)
Practical ceiling, m: 17500
Rate of climb, m/s: 13700
Maksim. operating overload: 9
Takeoff / run length, m: 750/650
Breakaway speed, km/h: 270
Landing speed, km/h: 240
Practical range, km:
Altitude: 3000
Near ground: 1300
With one refueling: 5200
Engine: 2xAL-31F
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x7600
Afterburner: 2x12500
Armament:
1хGSh-301 (30mm, 1500 rds/min)
Ammunition, pcs: 150
Air-to-air missile armament is similar to that of the Su-27P, but with the possibility of using R-77 missiles with an active RGSN.
avionics: SUV similar to that used on the Su-27P. Additionally, the Su-30 avionics includes special communication and guidance equipment for fighters operating in the group. All data on the tactical situation is displayed on a widescreen display in the rear cockpit, from where the target distribution in the group takes place. Also on the Su-30, the navigation system, SDU, have been modernized, there is an in-flight refueling system. The defense complex is similar to the Su-27P. Serial production started in 1991. in Irkutsk.
Name: MiG-25PD (ed. 84D) "Foxbat-E"
Type: Interceptor
Producer: OKB MiG, Russia
Crew: 1
Length, m (with LDPE): 22.3
Height, m: 6.6
Wingspan, m: 14.056
Wing area, m2: 61.9
Masses, kg:
Empty: about 20,000
Normal takeoff: 34920
Maksim. takeoff: 41000
Fuel in internal tanks: 14750
Maksim. combat load: 1800
Speed, km/h:
At altitude: 3000 (M=2.83)
Near ground: 1200
Practical ceiling, m: 20700
Rate of climb, m/sec: n/a
Maksim. operating overload: 5
Takeoff / run length, m: 1250/800 (with TP)
Breakaway speed, km/h: 360
Landing speed, km/h: 290
Practical range, km: 1730
Ferry range, km: n/a
Engine: 2xRD-15BD-300
Thrust, kgf:
Max: 2x8000
Afterburner: 2x11200
Armament: up to four R-40RD missiles with PARGSN and R-40TD with IKGSN, or up to four R-60 and R-60M missiles with IKGSN in various combinations. built-in cannon armament missing. It is possible to hang one PTB (5300kg) under the fuselage.
Airborne: N005 Sapphire-25 radar with AVM-25 computer and TP-23Sh1 heat direction finder.
The interceptor is guided using the Lazur-M command radio control line, SPO-15 Bereza is installed to warn about exposure.
The first flight of the MiG-25PD was made on November 19, 1977 under the control of test pilot Menitsky V.E. Serial production took place at the Sokol NGAZ in 1978-79, more than 150 units were produced, some of the machines were exported to Iraq, Syria and Algeria.
Type: 130-mm coastal self-propelled gun mount artillery complex A-222 "Coast"
Producer: TsKB "Titan", Russia
Crew: 8
Length, m: 12.95
Width, m: 3.2
Height, m: 3.925
Combat weight, kg: 43700
Booking: n/a
Engine: diesel, D-12A-525A
Power, hp: 525
Max. speed, km/h:
Highway:60
Power reserve, km: 650
Armament:
1x130mm gun
Firing range, km: 23
Projectile type: high-explosive F-44
Projectile weight, kg: 33.4 (all types)
Beginning projectile speed, m/s: 850.
Ammunition, pcs: 48
Pointing angles, degrees:
Vertical: -5/+50
Horizontal: +/-120
Rate of fire, rds / min: 14
State tests of the 130-mm self-propelled coastal artillery system A-222 "Bereg" were completed on May 30, 1993.
The complex is designed to defend the coast from ships, aircraft and KR (within the guidance angles) of the enemy.
The complex consists of a self-propelled artillery mount(up to 4 units), fire control system BR-136 and combat duty support vehicle.
All components of the A-222 "Bereg" complex are placed on the MAZ-543M chassis with the wheel arrangement 8X8. The weight of the chassis is 21 tons.
The gun mount cannon uses shells from the AK-130 ship gun mount, but the barrel has a muzzle brake and an ejector. The length of the barrel is about 54 calibers, a number of elements of the swinging part are taken from the self-propelled guns 2S19 "Msta".
Charging unitary type.
The installation is equipped with a ballistic computer, a laser rangefinder and an optoelectronic command sight, which allows you to autonomously fire at targets in the event of the destruction or failure of the BR-136 Podacha fire control system.
Type: Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser (project 1143.5 "Eagle")
Displacement, tons: 55000 standard 67500 full
Dimensions, m: 302.5 × 72.3 × 10.5.2 aircraft lifts
Speed, knots: 30
Power plant: 8 boilers, 4 GTZA. 200000 hp 4 screws.
Range, miles: 3850 at 29 knots, 8500 at 18 knots, 12000 at 10 knots
Crew: 2590 people, incl. 626 air wing.
Armament: 12 launchers SM-233 SCRC P-700 "Granit", 4 × 6 VPU air defense systems "Dagger" 192 SAMs 9M-330, 8 SAMs "Kortik" - 2x4 SAMs 9M311 + 2x500 pieces, 6 × 6-30mm AK- 630M - in the installation of 2000pcs, 2x10 RKPTZ-1 "Udav-1M" - 60 RSL-120, 24 Su-33, 18 Ka-27 missiles of various modifications.
REO: CICS "Lesorub", navigation and communication radar, space communication system, "Mars-Passat" complex, radar "Fregat-MA", radar "Podkat", antenna launchers for air defense systems and artillery, flight control radar "Resistor", landing system "Moon", electronic warfare system"Constellation-BR".
The modern Russian Armed Forces are strikingly different from the army that was in the 90s and early 2000s. Today, the Russian Armed Forces receive the most modern weapons. Already by 2020 latest designs military equipment and weapons in the Russian army should be at least 70%. According to experts, more than 19 trillion rubles can be spent on the modernization of the army. Such a huge amount is provided for by the new state program on military-technical priorities and armament of the Russian army.
Prospects for the latest secret weapons of the Russian army
The rearmament of the army is not only the supply of already created modern equipment to the troops. In Russia, the development of fundamentally new weapons is constantly being created, and decisions are being made for their maximum development. According to experts, in the next decade, the Russian Air Force will receive newest species weapons:
- over 500 aircraft of various types;
- over 1000 helicopters of various types;
- over 200 newest air defense systems that will merge into a single aerospace defense system;
- the latest fifth-generation fighters;
- modernized and new ballistic missiles for nuclear deterrence forces;
- newest species precision weapons- a variety of bombs and missiles with latest systems guidance;
- new types of anti-tank weapons and new generation air defense systems;
- new weapon.
Additional development will be received by automated command and control systems. Perhaps in the near future Russia will have a super weapon that works on new physical principles. AT this moment scientific developments are underway to create this super weapon. At the moment it has the status of "secret". Also, developments on the creation of hypersonic air-launched missiles do not stop. They should appear before 2020. Hypersonic missiles will exceed the speed of sound by about 6-8 times. The first types of hypersonic vehicles should appear no earlier than 2030.
New nuclear strategic missiles
The core of Russia's shield is strategic nuclear weapons. Its main representatives are heavy liquid ICBMs "Sotka" and "Voevoda". They have already tripled their service life. Today, they are being replaced by the Topol and Topol-M missiles, as well as promising new generation nuclear weapons.
- a small-sized grenade launcher with a reusable launcher and a single shot. it anti-tank weapons was developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau, created on the basis of the RPO-M flamethrower. MGK "BUR" was first demonstrated at arms exhibitions in 2010. This anti-tank weapon was adopted by the army in 2014. It has been mass-produced since the same year.
RPG-32 Hashim
SVLK-14S
SVLK-14S is an ultra-precise sniper weapon that can effectively hit targets at a distance of 1.5-2 km. This small arms was created by Vladislav Lobaev. His companies Design Bureau of Integrated Systems, Tsar Cannon and the Lobaev Arms brand are the first in Russia to develop and produce long-range and high-precision weapons, from the stock to the barrel. According to Lobaev, the main tasks of "Lobaev Arms" are distributed equally - this is work with the power structures of Russia and the commercial component.
The most powerful small arms in terms of effective firing range from Lobaev Arms are sniper rifle SVLK-14S. Initially, the SVL rifle was designed to accurately hit the target at a distance of over 2000 meters.
The SVLK-14S rifle provides very high accuracy when shooting. This small arms allows you to confidently hit targets at a distance of up to 2300 meters.
Sniper complex 6S8
The 6S8 sniper complex is the leader among Russian large-caliber rifles. The 6S8 sniper complex was created at the plant. Degtyarev. This rifle was created back in 1997, but for a long time, for various reasons, it was not mass-produced and was not put into service. Nevertheless, after working on the bugs and collecting all the developments over the previous 10 years, the Degtyarevites managed to achieve the adoption of this rifle into service. This happened in June 2013. The ASVK large-caliber sniper rifle was put into service under the designation 6S8 sniper complex.
The 6S8 sniper rifle was designed to solve special tasks to defeat lightly armored and unarmored enemy vehicles, including openly located manpower, including group and other targets at a distance of up to 1500 meters. The rifle can use a specially designed 7N34 cartridge, as well as the entire range of standard 12.7x108 mm cartridges. This large-caliber sniper rifle is structurally made according to the bullpup scheme. This made it possible to reduce the weight and dimensions of the weapon, providing increased compactness and maneuverability. In general, this sniper rifle turned out to be quite reliable and simple, which is incredibly important.
Russia's new surface-to-surface cruise missiles
- The BrahMos complex with the SK310 missile is a cruise anti-ship missile or a special cruise missile against ground targets. Work on the complex began in 1999 in related design bureaus (for example, NPO Iskra). The model of the rocket was first shown at the MAKS-2001 air show. Tests began in 2001, and in 2004 they began to serial production. The complex was offered for export. In 2006, the BrahMos missile was adopted by India. Many of its characteristics are identical to those of the Onyx and the Yakhont anti-ship missiles.
- Hypersonic missile KTRV - a project to create the latest hypersonic cruise missile. Work on its creation has been carried out by the Dubna division of the Tactical Missile Corporation (former MKB Raduga) since 2011. When creating a hypersonic missile, the results of tests on research and development "Kholod-2", as well as the experience of creating a hypersonic experimental apparatus "Igla", will be used. In August 2013, it was reported that the TRV Corporation had created a hypersonic missile, however, it only flies for a few seconds.
- BrahMos-II is a project of a new hypersonic missile. The development has been carried out by NPO Mashinostroeniya together with the Indian company DRDO since 2008. The work was planned to be completed in 5 years. The BrahMos-II hypersonic missile was supposed to have a speed of 5-7M. In 2013, exhibition photos of the rocket model appeared.
- Zirkon-S is a missile system with a hypersonic missile. The complex has been developed by NPO Mashinostroeniya since 2011. In 2012, there was a hitch with the design of the rocket, but since 2013, work has continued. In 2019, work continues, the issues of creating materials, technologies, demonstrators, as well as the concept of combat use of the latest hypersonic missile are being resolved.
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Scientific and technological progress, the development of the productive forces have a decisive influence on the creation of new means of armed struggle, and through them on the development of the armed forces and methods of conducting combat operations.
Steel arms, intended for hand-to-hand combat, appeared in ancient times and before the 16th century. was the main weapon. The main branch of the army in the slave-owning states was the infantry. In the states of the East, cavalry received significant development. In the wars between the slave states, elements of sea battle. The main method of action for rowing ships was ramming and boarding. The development of science and production made it possible at the end of the 17th century. create Navy from sailing battleships and frigates.
The equipment of the armies had a huge impact on the development of the armed forces. firearms, which was a consequence of the invention of gunpowder. Great merit in the development of Russian artillery belongs to Peter I. In 1853, the first rifled guns-fittings appeared, which marked the beginning of the mass equipping of troops with rifled weapons.
In the 20s-30s. 20th century teams of scientists and engineers led by F. A. Zander and S. P. Korolev achieved significant success in the development of liquid and solid fuel rockets. Progress was made in the development of missiles.
In the late 40's - early 50's. 20th century in our country, the production of nuclear weapons was launched, and then the means of delivering them to the intended targets. It was a revolution in military affairs. At present, the Russian Armed Forces are equipped with nuclear and conventional weapons.
Nuclear weapon is a powerful weapon. It allows in a short time with high efficiency and reliability to destroy the administrative and political centers, military and industrial facilities of the enemy, to destroy groupings of his armed forces, to create areas of mass destruction and zones of radioactive contamination, and also to exert strong morale on the personnel of the armed forces and the population of the enemy. and psychological impact. Nuclear weapons include all types of nuclear warheads with their means of delivery.
conventional weapons make up all fire and strike weapons - artillery, aviation and rifle ammunition, conventionally loaded naval mines, volume explosion munitions, incendiary munitions and mixtures. Conventional weapons can be used independently and in combination with nuclear weapons to destroy enemy personnel and equipment, as well as to destroy and destroy various objects.
High-precision systems of conventional weapons have the highest efficiency. They automatically detect, give target designations, distribute and direct fire and strike weapons with high accuracy. This ensures the reliable destruction of enemy targets and objects in the shortest possible time.
A special type of weapon is a weapon that operates on the recently discovered principles of physics, laser, accelerator, microwave, radio wave. The weapon is based on the use of powerful streams of neutral or charged particles and highly focused electromagnetic fields of high energy levels. Special weapons may include space, ground, air and sea-based combat systems used to destroy enemy targets and objects in all spatial spheres and types of the natural environment.
