Aviation of the Russian Navy: history, armament, current state. The flying power of the Navy: how Russian naval aviation is armed Airfields of naval aviation of the USSR

July 17, 2016 Naval Aviation of the Russian Navy turns 100 years old. Celebrations are held in the Northern, Pacific, Black Sea, Baltic fleets and the Caspian flotilla, as well as in training centers x Naval Aviation.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Korolev, congratulated the naval pilots performing tasks on combat service ships far from their bases, as well as to the military personnel of units and formations of the Naval Aviation of the Navy located in permanent deployment centers and veterans.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Navy in his congratulations said: " On behalf of all personnel Navy I congratulate you on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Naval Aviation of the Russian Navy.

Marine helicopter "Katran" >>

At the beginning of the last century, seaplanes from the Orlitsa aircraft-carrying cruiser achieved the first military victory over the sea in Russia - they shot down 2 enemy airplanes, which was the starting point in the glorious 100-year history of naval aviation. During the Great Patriotic War, pilots of naval aviation were distinguished by their fearlessness, heroism and high flying skills. It was naval aviation that already in August 1941 dealt the first blow to the fascist invaders and, thereby, was the first to pave the way to the Great Victory. Navy sailors are especially proud of the Severomorsk pilot Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, who was the first to pave the way for humanity to the stars.", - said in the congratulation of Admiral Vladimir Korolev, which at the solemn constructions will be brought to the naval pilots.

Today, the combat strength and capabilities of naval aviation are expanding, new aircraft weapons are being developed to destroy submarines, work is underway to create a new generation of amphibious aircraft, the operation of a ship-based Ka-31 helicopter has begun, and the training of ship pilots at the training ground in the Crimea has been resumed in full.

Modernization of the cruiser project "Orlan" >>

The development of new equipment coming into service and the training of naval aviation crews at the Yeisk Center for Combat Use and Retraining of Flight Personnel are underway,new MiG-29K aircraft are being mastered, there is an intensive training of crews for these machines. Naval pilots are actively working out in the sky - from the southern to the Arctic latitudes - combat training activities. Flights of shipboard helicopters from the deck of project 1135.6 frigates have been successfully mastered (note 24RosInfo: Admiral Grigorovich, Essen, Makarov, Butakov, Istomin and Kornilov ) and new generation corvettes (: Guarding, Smart, Courageous and Resistant). The attack aircraft fleet is being replaced."

"I congratulate all the personnel and veterans of the Naval Aviation of the Navy on their professional holiday. I wish you strong naval health and well-being, warmth and love in families, further success in military labor for the good of the Fatherland!"- says the congratulations of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy.

In the 859th Center for combat use and retraining of the flight personnel of the naval aviation of the Russian Navy, stationed in Yeysk, festive events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of naval aviation and the 35th anniversary of the Center.

TANTK them. G.M. Berieva produced the first serial Be-200ChS amphibious aircraft >>

In the air parade, held as part of the holiday, took part in the first serial upgraded Aviation Complex. S.V. Ilyushin anti-submarine aircraft Il-38N "Radiy Papkovsky".

The head of the naval aviation of the Russian Navy, Hero of the Russian Federation, Major General Igor Kozhin, who was present at the celebration, noted that “ Naval aviators successfully mastered and began to operate the modernized Il-38N aircraft with the Novella complex.».

Our reference:

Northern Fleet

279th Separate Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment named after twice Hero of the Soviet Union Boris Safonov

403rd Separate Mixed Aviation Regiment

830th Separate Shipborne Anti-Submarine Helicopter Kirkenessy Red Banner Regiment

1st Naval Helicopter Squadron

2nd Naval Helicopter Squadron

3rd Transport and Combat Helicopter Squadron

924th Guards Separate Marine Missile Aviation Regiment

73rd Separate Long-Range Anti-Submarine Aviation Squadron

Black Sea Fleet

25th Separate Shipborne Anti-Submarine Helicopter Regiment

43rd Separate Naval Assault Aviation Regiment

917th Separate Mixed Aviation Regiment

Pacific Fleet

289th separate mixed anti-submarine aviation regiment

317th separate mixed aviation regiment

568th separate mixed aviation regiment

865th Separate Fighter Aviation Regiment

71st Separate Transport Aviation Squadron

Baltic Fleet

4th Guards Separate Naval Assault Aviation Regiment

689th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment

125th separate helicopter squadron

396th Separate Shipborne Anti-Submarine Helicopter Squadron

398th separate transport aviation squadron

Base points:

Baltic Fleet

Donskoye airfield - an urban-type settlement in the Svetlogorsk district of the Kaliningrad region. The 396th separate naval anti-submarine helicopter squadron of the Russian Navy is based.

Aerodrome Chernyakhovsk - no data.

Chkalovsk airfield – more details:

Khrabrovo airfield - is a joint-based airfield - in addition to civil aviation, it is used by the aviation of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense of Russia. In particular, the 398th separate transport squadron of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy is based here (An-24, An-26 aircraft).

In the future, on the basis of the airport, it is planned to create a hub for the transportation of passengers from Russia to the countries of Foreign Europe. By the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which will be held in the Kaliningrad region and the rest of Russia, the airport will increase its passenger flow to five million people a year.

Northern Fleet

Kipelovo Air Base - located south of the railway station Kipelovo in the Vologda region, 50 km from Vologda. Founded in 1963 as "AS Kipelovo", the nearby 1966 garrison of Fedotovo (later - the village of Fedotovo), named after the death in a plane crash of the first commander of 392 odrap Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Sergeevich Fedotov. Currently, an anti-submarine squadron from military unit 06797 based on Tu-142MK and Tu-142MR repeater aircraft is based at the airbase. The call sign of the airfield is "Dremuchiy".

Airbase Olenegorsk - Airfield aviation of the Navy on the Kola Peninsula, 92 km south of Murmansk, near the city of Olenegorsk. Tu-22M3 long-range bombers are deployed at the Olenya air base.

Airfield Severomorsk-1 - a military airfield in the Murmansk region, located 4 km south of the ZATO Severomorsk. Until 1951, it had the name Vaenga-1. Since May 1, 1998, the following have been deployed at the airfield:

830th OKPVP(a separate naval anti-submarine helicopter regiment), which is armed with Ka-27 helicopters.

403rd OSAP(a separate mixed aviation regiment), which is armed with An-12, An-26, Il-38, Tu-134 aircraft.

Airfield Severomorsk-3 - a military airfield in the Murmansk region, located 28 km east of Murmansk in the urban-type settlement of the same name.

Reconstruction of the Severomorsk-1 airfield continues >>

The 279th OKIAP (separate naval fighter aviation regiment) is stationed at the airfield, which is armed with Su-25UTG, Su-27UB and Su-33 aircraft. Aircraft of both types take part in long-distance cruises of the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser (TAVKR) "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov". The former names of the regiment are the 279th OKShAP (separate naval assault aviation regiment) (from 1973 to 1990; served the aviation of the TAKR "Kyiv"), the 279th OMSHAP (separate naval assault aviation regiment) (from 1990 to 1993), 279th OKIAP (separate naval fighter aviation regiment) (from 1998 to the present, after the disbandment of the 57th SCAD).

In 1992, the 279th OMSHAP (separate naval assault aviation regiment) was armed with: 41 Su-25s, including 4 Su-25UB and 5 Su-25UTG, as well as 27 Yak-38 and 1 Yak-38U. During the Cold War, the 987th MRAP (Naval Missile-Carrying Aviation Regiment), which was armed with Tu-16 aircraft, was also based at the airfield.

Black Sea Fleet

Airfield Kacha(Gvardeyskoye air base) - a military airfield in the Crimea, 13 km north of Simferopol. Su-24, Su-24MR, Tu-134 A-4 aircraft are based at the airfield. Until August 1, 2009, the air unit based at the airfield was called the "43rd Sevastopol Red Banner Order of Kutuzov separate naval assault aviation regiment" with the subordination of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. In December 2011, the Gvardeyskoye air base and the air base located in Kutch were transformed into a single naval aviation base No. 7057.

Pacific Fleet

Yelizovo Air Base - an airfield of joint basing of civil ships and military aircraft of the Russian Aerospace Forces.

International airport of federal significance of the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Located 29 km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in the city of Yelizovo.

Provides regular air communication between the Kamchatka Territory and the cities of Russia. The airport also operates local flights to Kamchatka, international charter flights to Bangkok and Phuket (Thailand), Nha Trang (Vietnam), Osaka and Tokyo (Japan), seasonal regular flights to Anchorage (USA).

A new runway was solemnly opened at Yelizovo Airport >>

Airbase Stone Creek - the largest military airfield in the Far East of Russia. Until 2009, the 568th OGSAP (Separate Guards Mixed Aviation Regiment) of the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy was based at the airfield, armed with Tu-142MZ long-range anti-submarine defense aircraft and Tu142MR radio relay aircraft, Tu-22M3 long-range missile carriers, search and rescue squad of Ka-27PS helicopters, Mi-8 and An-26 military transport aircraft. In 2010, parts of the garrison were reorganized into the 7061st Guards Air Base of the Pacific Fleet. At present, a reduced anti-submarine squadron on the Tu-142MZ / MR (7 aircraft) and one An-26 transport aircraft are stationed at the airfield.

Airfield Knevichi - located 4.5 km from the city of Artyom and 38 km northeast of the city of Vladivostok. Until 1993, it was also the base airfield of the 25th double-red banner naval missile-carrying aviation division of the Pacific Fleet Air Force, with the permanent deployment of the 183rd naval missile-carrying regiment and division control, as well as the 593rd transport aviation regiment (in the post-Soviet years reduced to a separate squadron - 71 OTAE) and aircraft repair plant of the Pacific Fleet Air Force (153rd ARZ). It has the status of a federal airport.

Approved to receive all types of aircraft without restrictions. The airport has two passenger terminals and one cargo terminal.

It has two airfields:

Western Knevichi- for aircraft of local and long-distance airlines. There are two paved runways: one 3500 m long and 60 m wide, pavement strength PCN 52/R/B/X/T (mixed), the other 3500 m long and 60 m wide, pavement strength PCN 54/R /B/X/T.

Accepted aircraft: all types.

Lake keys - for planes and helicopters of local airlines. It has two runways with artificial turf, each 21 m wide and 1000 m and 600 m long. Currently, regular flights are not operated, the airfield is used by the military.

Aerodrome Nikolaevka - a military airfield in the Primorsky Territory, located 37 km northeast of the city of Nakhodka, the garrison (rural settlement) Nikolaevka.

Aviation of the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy is based at the airfield - Il-18, Il-38, Il-22 aircraft, Ka-27, Mi-8 helicopters. It was planned to deploy Ka-52K helicopters for Russian ships Mistral type. The airfield and the garrison are the center of the 7062nd air base of the Pacific Fleet.

The origin of aviation in Russia became possible thanks to the initiative of military sailors. It was the sailors who were the first to see in aircraft an important means of increasing the power of the navy and put a lot of effort and money into the training of aviation personnel, the acquisition of aircraft and the organization of domestic aircraft construction.

The world's first proposal, in which the interaction of a ship and an aircraft was predetermined, was also born in the Russian Navy. Its author was the captain of the corps of engineers of the fleet Lev Makarovich Matsievich. As early as October 23, 1909, in his first memorandum to the Main Naval Staff, he predicted the future of naval aviation, proposed to start building an aircraft carrier, a seaplane and a catapult to launch it from the deck of a ship. It is no coincidence that in Russia the very process of the movement of aircraft is called aeronautics, aviation is called the air fleet, the sky is the fifth ocean, and heavy aircraft are called ships.

Hydroaviation in Russia began to emerge in 1911. At first, seaplanes were purchased abroad, but soon Russian engineers V.A. Lebedev and D.P. Grigorovich created several models of flying boats, which allowed the Russian Military Department in 1912-1914. on the basis of domestic seaplanes, to form the first aviation units as part of the Baltic and Black Sea fleets. At the same time, the flying boat designed by Grigorovich M-5 surpassed foreign models of similar types in terms of its flight performance.

At first, naval aviation was used mainly in the interests of reconnaissance, that is, as a means of supporting the combat activities of the fleet. However, the experience of using aviation in the very first months of the outbreak of the First World War showed that the combat capabilities of aircraft go far beyond reconnaissance. They began to be used for bombardment and shelling from the air of objects in the bases of the fleet and in ports, ships and ships of the enemy at sea.

AT Russian fleet Grigorovich's M-9 seaplanes, which had machine guns and were capable of carrying bombs, were based on the first aircraft carrier Orlitsa. On July 4, 1916, four planes from Orlitsa carried out an air battle over the Baltic Sea with four German planes, which ended in victory for Russian naval pilots. Two of the Kaiser's airplanes were shot down and the other two fled. Our pilots returned to their aircraft without loss.

This day - July 4, 1916 - the day of the first victory in an air battle over the sea by naval pilots on domestic seaplanes based on the first domestic aircraft carrier, is rightfully considered the birthday of naval aviation.

By the middle of 1917, a turning point for the history of Russia, the Russian Navy had the prerequisites for turning aviation into one of the main forces of the fleet, which served as the basis for the establishment of a special body in the Naval Department - the Directorate of Naval Aviation and Aeronautics.

After the October Revolution, the Soviet military leadership, in the course of the armed struggle against the interventionists and the White Guards on the fronts adjacent to the sea, in regions with lakes and along major rivers could not do without hydroaviation. The creation of new formations of naval aviation began.

April 27, 1918 was the birthday of the aviation of the Baltic Fleet. Then the Special Purpose Air Brigade was formed in its composition.

March 3, 1921 is considered the birthday of aviation Black Sea Fleet USSR. On this day, the formation of the Headquarters of the Air Fleet of the Black and Azov Seas was completed. On April 4, 1932, the aviation of the Pacific Fleet was born, and on August 18, 1936, the aviation of the Northern Fleet.

History shows that in the 20s and 30s, when naval aviation was organizationally part of the Red Army Air Force, the top leadership of the country and the leadership of the People's Commissariat of Defense assigned aviation tasks to support ground forces, cover troops and rear facilities from strikes from the air, as well as to combat enemy aerial reconnaissance. In accordance with this, the development and construction of aircraft and their weapons were carried out, training programs for pilots in aviation were drawn up. educational institutions. The operational-tactical training of leading military personnel and the entire combat training of military aviation was also aimed at this. At the same time, naval aviation was assigned a secondary role, so the fleet of naval aviation in these years was replenished only with seaplanes, intended mainly for conducting aerial reconnaissance at sea. Flight personnel for her were prepared only at the Yeisk School of Naval Pilots and Letnabs.

Flying boat Grigorovich M-9

The 1930s witnessed the triumph of aviation, design ideas and, above all, naval pilots, who showed outstanding examples of flying skills, courage, courage and heroism.

They were repeatedly involved in the performance of special and government assignments. The polar aviation was recruited from naval pilots, which played a huge role in the development of the Northern Sea Route, the importance of which for our country can hardly be overestimated.

The pilots especially showed themselves when rescuing the Chelyuskinites in 1934. Their courage and heroism, their willingness to take risks in order to save the lives of people in trouble, became a convincing basis for the establishment in our country the highest degree state distinction - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The Gold Star of the Hero number one was awarded to naval pilot Anatoly Vasilievich Lyapidevsky. At the same time, naval pilots I. Doronin, S. Levanevsky and V. Molokov were awarded this title.

The country lived with great construction projects. The state took measures to strengthen the country's defense capability. The Navy received new warships, including those capable of taking seaplanes on board. But this was far from enough.

The situation changed dramatically for the better with the formation of the People's Commissariat of the Navy, when naval aviation became organizationally part of it. By this time, the views on naval aviation as one of the main branches of the fleet's forces were finally established. Commander Semyon Fedorovich Zhavoronkov was the first to be appointed to the post of Chief of Aviation of the USSR Navy, who received the profession of a military pilot at a relatively mature age (34 years) and successfully commanded the aviation of the Navy until 1947. In 1944 he was promoted to air marshal.

The Aviation Flight Test Institute played a positive role in the further development of naval aviation. Its specialists developed tactical and technical requirements for the equipment and armament of naval aviation, tested prototypes and modernized models of aviation equipment and weapons, and also provided retraining of the leading flight and technical staff.

On a large scale, fleets began to receive heavy aircraft of the same type as those in service with the Red Army Air Force TB-1, TB-3 and DB-3, specially converted for the use of mine-torpedo weapons - a traditional naval means of destroying the underwater part of ships and vessels at sea .

Soon, mine and torpedo aviation stood out from bomber aviation and was organized into an independent branch of naval aviation.

With the transfer of aviation educational institutions to the fleet, the system of training naval aviation personnel became more perfect and purposeful. The School of Naval Pilots and Flyers in Yeysk and the School of Naval Pilots of the Polar Aviation Directorate of the Glavsevmorput in Nikolaev were transformed into Naval Aviation Schools, and the Military School of Aviation Technicians in Perm into the Naval Aviation Technical School. During the first three years, the number of cadets in these educational institutions increased several times.

For the training of command personnel of naval aviation, a command and aviation faculty was established at the Naval Academy, and one-year advanced training courses for the leadership of fleet aviation were opened at it.

Aviation design bureaus and enterprises focused on the production of equipment and weapons for naval aviation also began to work purposefully. All this could not but contribute to the fact that by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, naval aviation had grown significantly in quantitative and qualitative terms; this subsequently affected the effectiveness of its use in hostilities.

At the same time, the uncertainty of the organizational structure was reflected in the nature of the views of its operational-tactical application. For a long time it was believed that air combat at sea would be carried out mainly by operational formations (air corps) of the Red Army Air Force. In accordance with this, in operational training, the interaction of fleets and air corps was worked out, and naval aviation was entrusted with providing the fleet with air reconnaissance and air defense of the basing of the fleet and ships at sea.

In practice, this did not happen. Neither front-line aviation nor long-range aviation formed in 1942 took any significant part in any operation of the fleets, and naval aviation became one of the main strike forces of the fleet.

From the first days of the war, due to the situation on the coastal fronts, naval aviation was used to deliver strikes against the combat formations of the advancing enemy. And this task became the main one for a long time, although naval aviation did not prepare for its solution in the prewar years.

Apparently, this lesson of history should be fully taken into account in the combat training of naval aviation in our peacetime as well.

The book convincingly shows that the combat operations of naval aviation against enemy ships and vessels at sea were especially effective, which is fully consistent with its main combat mission.

The sections of the book devoted to the combat operations of the naval aviation during the Great Patriotic War are full of facts of the exploits of naval aviators. The first among naval pilots in this war to achieve success was the fighter air squadron of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, attached to the Danube Flotilla, under the command of Captain A.I. Korobitsyn.

In the Baltic, the account of downed enemy aircraft was opened by the deputy squadron commander, Captain A.K. Antonenko, and in the Northern Fleet, by the air squadron commander, Senior Lieutenant B.F. Safonov.

The pilots of the Baltic under the command of Colonel E. N. Preobrazhensky, who delivered the first blow to Berlin on the night of August 7-8, 1941, gained worldwide fame.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, naval aviation made more than 350,000 sorties, destroyed more than 5,500 enemy aircraft in the air and at airfields. As a result of the actions of naval aviation, fascist Germany and its satellites lost 407 warships and 371 transports with troops and cargo, which is two-thirds of the enemy's total losses from the impact of fleet forces.

The motherland highly appreciated the combat activities of naval aviation. 57 state awards adorned the banners of regiments and divisions, 260 naval aviators were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and five of them - B. F. Safonov, A. E. Mazurenko, V. I. Rakov, N. G. Stepanyan and N. V. Chelnokov - twice.

Among the naval pilots there are heroes who repeated the feat of Alexei Maresyev. In the Baltic, this is L. G. Belousov, in the Black Sea - I. S. Lyubimov, in the Northern Fleet - 3. A. Sorokin.

The combat experience gained during the war formed the basis for the development of plans and directions for the further development of naval aviation, the improvement of the principles and methods of its application in naval warfare. This is what the real work is about. The post-war development of naval aviation was characterized by the specialization of the created aircraft and weapons systems, the transition to jet technology with greater capabilities in terms of speed and range of impact. Airplanes and helicopters were equipped effective means search and destruction, electronic equipment; most flight control and weapon use processes are automated.

It should be borne in mind that this work was headed by the most experienced aviation commanders, who personally experienced the bitterness of failures and the joy of victories during the war years, who deeply knew the needs and capabilities of the fleets. Among them were the famous aviation commanders E. N. Preobrazhensky, I. I. Borzov, M. I. Samokhin, N. A. Naumov, A. A. Mironenko, G. A. Kuznetsov, S. A. Gulyaev, V. I. Voronov and others. Their ideas, plans and undertakings in the development of naval aviation were understood and fully supported by the senior leadership of the navy, headed by N. G. Kuznetsov, and then S. G. Gorshkov.

In the fleets, the problems of countering the forces of a potential enemy, acting covertly from under water, were brought to the fore. Therefore, already in the 50s, a long-range seaplane Be-6 designed by G. M. Beriev was created and delivered to the unit. To combat submarines, the aircraft had radio-acoustic buoys and magnetometers as means of searching for an underwater enemy, and depth charges and torpedoes for destruction. The Mi-4 base helicopters and the firstborn of shipborne helicopter aviation, the Ka-15 shipborne helicopter designed by N.I. Kamov, were equipped with anti-submarine weapons.

In the course of their flight operation, extensive research was carried out and the foundations were laid for the tactics and combat use of anti-submarine aviation, which soon switched to more advanced anti-submarine systems such as Be-12, Ka-25, Ka-27, Mi-14, Il-38 and Tu-142 of various modifications.

The development of missile systems with aviation cruise missiles has significantly increased the combat capabilities of strike aviation fleets in the fight against ship groups of a potential enemy at sea.

At the beginning of the 1960s, anti-submarine and naval missile-carrying aviation took shape organizationally into independent branches of the naval aviation. In parallel, the reconnaissance aviation of the fleets was also being transformed.

The fleets of the high seas - the Northern and Pacific - received long-range reconnaissance aircraft Tu-95rts with automated system targeting missile weapons of the strike forces of the fleet, including missile submarines that were on combat service at sea. This also allowed naval aviation to go to remote areas of the oceans to monitor the naval forces of a potential enemy and timely warn of the threat of their impact on our forces and facilities.

In the Baltic and the Black Sea, reconnaissance began to be carried out by Tu-22r supersonic reconnaissance aircraft.

The combat capabilities of the USSR naval aviation were significantly expanded due to the introduction of the anti-submarine cruisers Moskva and Leningrad into the navy. It was from that time that naval aviation officially took shape as a new branch of aviation in the navy.

The anti-submarine cruiser Moskva with Ka-25 helicopters on board made its first trip to combat service in the Mediterranean Sea from September 19 to November 5, 1968. In subsequent years, the anti-submarine cruisers Moskva and Leningrad repeatedly carried out combat service in various areas of the oceans.

According to the then Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union S. G. Gorshkov, helicopters have become an integral part of modern surface ships for various purposes, they have given them a completely new combat quality. A fundamentally new direction in the development of naval aviation was opened by the creation of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft and the construction of aircraft-carrying cruisers of the Kyiv type.

The first aviation regiment of ship attack aircraft Yak-38 was formed in the Black Sea Fleet. Its first commander was F. G. Matkovsky. He was the first to head an aviation group and taught pilots to fly from a ship on a long voyage of the Kyiv aircraft-carrying cruiser.

In the Northern Fleet, V. N. Ratnenko became the first commander of the aviation regiment of ship-based attack aircraft. V. M. Svitochev was the first to command a regiment of naval attack aircraft in the Pacific Fleet.

Aircraft-carrying cruisers "Kyiv", "Minsk" and "Novorossiysk" repeatedly carried out military service in various regions of the World Ocean, and ship aviators - pilots, engineers and technicians - showed courage, skill and high moral and psychological qualities.

Particular attention in the book is given to naval fighter aircraft of the fleet. Such aviation was created on the basis of fourth-generation fighters of the Su-27 and MiG-29 types, recognized today as the best modern fighters in the world. The first aircraft carrier built in our country is capable of providing basing and combat operations for ski-jump take-off and arrest landing fighters.

One of the leading test pilots, Viktor Georgievich Pugachev, is a great merit in the birth and development of naval fighter aviation. Timur Avtandilovich Apakidze became one of the first enthusiasts in the development of a new kind of naval aviation. His courage and professional skills are evidenced by the fact that back in 1991 he was awarded an Honorary Diploma and a Prize. International Foundation aviation safety for decisive and competent actions in an emergency in flight. Rescuing an experimental aircraft, T. A. Apakidze left the uncontrolled falling apparatus at the last second. Soon after the accident he experienced, he took a new risk and was the first of the pilots of combat units of military aviation in our country to land on the deck of the cruiser "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" on the first Russian shipborne Su-27k fighter without carriage on a twin. It was September 29, 1991 in the Black Sea Fleet.

During flight and design tests of the Su-27k aircraft, the first leading group of pilots of the Northern Fleet Air Force was successfully prepared for flights and combat operations from the deck of the ship. Thus, in 1994, a new elite of military pilots was born in the naval aviation of Russia - the elite of carrier-based pilots.

Related video

Naval exercises of the 70s. Hundreds of ships, thousands of naval aircraft. The place of action is the seas and oceans. Amphibians conducting reconnaissance, anti-submarine aircraft and helicopters carrying equipment to search for and destroy submarines. Missile carriers operating from the shore are capable of destroying a potential enemy aircraft carrier. And carrier-based aircraft are about to be adopted. Soviet naval aviation in the 70s. represented a formidable force.

By analogy with the ground forces of the Russian Federation, naval aviation dramatically increases the capabilities of the fleet. A subdivision of the MA of the Navy was created to solve several problems:

• search, destruction of sea, air and land targets;
• aerial reconnaissance and ship guidance;
• making/destruction of minefields;
• electronic warfare;
• search / rescue of victims;
• transportation and landing of special forces.

The main part of aviation is based on the shore, the smaller part of it - ship aviation is located on the only aircraft-carrying cruiser in the Russian Federation "Admiral Kuznetsov". The structure includes only helicopters and aircraft, previously used hydroplanes are now used by the Ministry of Emergency Situations for transportation and fire fighting.

Formation of naval aviation

The Russian Air Force, which is part of the Aerospace Forces, celebrates Aviation Day on August 12. The naval aviation units of the Russian Navy celebrate their "Birthday" almost a month earlier - on July 17th. This type of troops is very specific, it protects the borders of two elements at once - water and sky. The history of the development of naval aviation can be represented by the following dates:

• 1910 - in the summer the Antoinette-4 aircraft was purchased for the Maritime Department, the first flight on it was made by Lieutenant Dorozhinsky from the Kulikovo airfield in Sevastopol;
• 1912 - Vice-Admiral Grigorovich signed an order in May on the creation of air squadrons in the fleet, in August the first hydroplane was launched on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg;
• 1914 - First World War prevented the deployment of air squadrons in the Pacific Fleet, and by order the existing units were transferred to the communications service;
• 1916 - On July 17, four Russian aircraft repulsed an attack by the same number of German aircraft in the Baltic, which is considered to be the Russian Navy's MA Day;
• 1916 - the structure of divisions was formed - a detachment of 4 - 8 aircraft, a division of 2 - 4 detachments, a brigade of 2 - 4 divisions, a division - at least 2 brigades, the relationship between the chiefs / commanders of aviation and naval aviation);
• 1916 - the creation of the Van flotilla (Lake Van, Turkey) from two seaplanes M-5 under the command of midshipman Ivanov to support the Baku detachment, the Peipsi hydro-aviation detachment (Lake Peipsi);
• 1917 - the formation of a special-purpose brigade with the authority of a division to support the flotilla of the Arctic Ocean;
• 1917 - for the management of fleet aviation, the department of UMAiV headed by A. A. Tuchkov was created;
• 1917 - V.I. Lenin appoints A.P. Onufriyev as IA commissar, then aviation joins the UVOFLOT air forces, withdraws from subordination;
• 1918 - The Baltic division is evacuated to the Volga, the command changes its status to a special brigade (three divisions of eight detachments);
• 1918 The Black Sea division ceases to exist after the loss of personnel and equipment;
• 1920 - the subordination of naval aviation to the Red Army Air Fleet, M.F. Pogodin, then A.P. Onufriev becomes an assistant in hydroaviation.

Later, from 1920, for 18 years, the Russian Naval Aviation Fleet was subordinate to the Red Army Air Force. In the 1930s, Polar Aviation was formed from MA pilots. Then the People's Commissariat of the Navy again allocates Naval Aviation in December 1937, the further development of this type of troops continues:

• 1937 - S. F. Zhavoronkov became the head of the Navy Aviation (Aviation Marshal of the USSR since 1944);
• 1941 - the formation of three detachments from civil aviation at the end of June for transport within the fleets, giving units attack aircraft and combat aircraft of the Border Troops belonging to the NKVD;
• 1941 - creation of a strike special group of 15 DB-3T aircraft by decree of the People's Commissar of the Navy of the USSR N. G. Kuznetsov;
• 1941 - in the fall, units and formations that had lost military equipment were disbanded, the crews were sent to the rear.

In 1942, the 1st, 5th and 13th regiments of the Baltic, the 72nd regiment of the Northern Fleet were awarded the title of Guards. A little later, the 2.5, 6 and 8 regiments of the Black Sea Fleet were added to them. After giving naval aviation in the next two years, bombers and attack aircraft Pe-2 and Il-2, the corresponding units of the Navy MA were added.

In 1943, instead of floating boats, foreign bombers and fighters Boston, Airacobra P-39, Kittyhawk, Tomahawk and P-40 began to be used in reconnaissance units.

In the last years of the war, the 14th division of the SAD was added to the Northern Fleet, the Pacific 15th and 15th SAD, the Black Sea 13th PAD. After the Victory, the assault units of the Navy aviation were eliminated, but three divisions were created - 17th, 18th SAD in the Pacific Fleet, 19th MTAD of the Navy Civil Code. Taking into account the effectiveness of hostilities during the Second World War, further development of naval aviation took place as follows:

• 1946 - the abolition of the Civil Code of the Navy, subordination to the Minister of the Armed Forces, renaming the Air Force of the Navy into the Naval Aviation, transition to peacetime staff;
• 1946 - disbandment of all flying units due to decommissioning of MBR-2 flying boats;
• 1947 - the division of the TF into 5 and 7 Pacific Fleets, the Baltic Fleet into 4 and 8 Baltic Fleets.

Until 1950, 3 divisions were reduced, the flotillas lost bases, defensive areas and aviation itself. Starting next year, fighter pilots began retraining on MiG-15 and MiG-17 jet aircraft. The reform of 1951 re-equipped units with torpedo bombers instead of mine-torpedo aircraft. In 1953, the Pacific Fleet became united again, and in 1956 this happened to the Baltic Fleet.

In 1953, the Aviation of the Fleets was again renamed the Air Force of the Pacific Fleet, Northern Fleet, Baltic Fleet and Black Sea Fleet, respectively. At the same time, helicopters entered service:

• Ka-15s were based on ships;
• Mi-4s were formed into separate squadrons on land.

Later in 1958 they were reorganized into regiments of the OAPV. Part of the fighter aviation was reassigned to the air defense forces, for whose commanders pilots in vests became a headache. A completely new division, the MRA Naval Missile-Carrying Aviation, emerged in 1961. As new combat vehicles appeared, they were equipped with naval aviation units of the fleets:

• 1962 - reconnaissance supersonic Tu-22R;
• 1963 - modification of the reconnaissance aircraft Tu-95RTs;
• 1965 - Be-12 amphibious aircraft;
• 1967 - Il-38 anti-submarine aircraft;
• 1969 - Tu-142 (long-range complex);
• 1972 - Ka-27 helicopter for long-range patrols from the shore and on board the vessel.

In the 70s, the development of distant airfields outside the USSR by naval aviation took place:

• Pacific Ocean - Vietnam;
• Atlantic Ocean - Angola, Guinea and Cuba;
• Indian Ocean - Yemen, Somalia, Ethiopia;
• Mediterranean Sea - Syria and Egypt.

Since 1974, the Tu-22M2 missile carrier with variable geometry wing entered the MRA of the Baltic and Black Sea Fleet.

Six years later, he became a standard armament of the Pacific Fleet. Aircraft-carrying cruisers TAVKR, suitable for Yak-38 vertical take-off aircraft, were launched in the mid-70s. For the Northern Fleet, the cruiser TAVKR Kyiv was built, for the Pacific Fleet Novorossiysk and Minsk.

In 1975, coastal assault units with Su-17M aircraft were created. In 1979, for the needs of ekranoplans of the Eaglet MDE type, the 11th air group of the Navy was created, which was directly subordinate to Moscow.

In 1980, the AVMF was once again renamed the Air Force of the Navy. The only aircraft-carrying heavy cruiser to date, Admiral Kuznetsov, was commissioned in 1991.

Change in the structure of the MA of the Navy

At the beginning of the year following the creation of air squadrons in the fleets Russian Empire, that is, January 1913. The Black Sea Fleet was armed with 5 hydroplanes, and the Baltic Fleet was armed with 2 wheeled airplanes and one hydroplane. A unit of 3 officers was introduced into the General Staff of the Navy - the aviation department.

At the beginning of World War I, 10 officer pilots were trained in the fleets, and 20 already had diplomas, there were 10 and 8 seaplanes in the Baltic and Black Seas, respectively. By 1915, the Black Sea and Baltic Fleets had 30 and 47 hydroplanes, respectively, and had 859 lower ranks and 78 officers in the state.

By 1917, the number of airplanes reached 264 units:

• 29 aircraft - Baku and Petrograd aviation schools;
• 88 aircraft and 20 seaplanes Grigorovich M-11, M-12 - Baltic;
• 152 aircraft, 4 controlled small balloons, 61 hydroplanes M-11 and M-12 - Black Sea Fleet.

There were 1339 privates, non-commissioned officers and conductors, 96 officers in the Baltic Fleet. On the Black Sea - 1039 and 115 people, respectively. M. I. Fedorovich with the rank of captain of the 1st rank became the head of the Black Sea division, and B. P. Dudorov in the same rank of the Baltic Sea. Before the October Revolution, the Russian MA included a division and 2 brigades of the Black Sea Fleet, a detachment and 2 brigades of the Baltic, with a total of 169 aircraft.

After the revolution, there were 9 Nieuport-17 fighters and 104 M-5, M-9, M-11 and M-15 seaplanes on the Black Sea for 74 pilots, on the Baltic Sea 24 Nieuport-21 fighters, 74 boats flying M-15, M -16 and M-95 for 87 pilots. Schools of aerobatics and air combat worked in Krasnoselsk (25 pilots), Oranienbaum (50 pilots), Baku (180 cadets) with 75 training aircraft.

In the autumn of 1918, the Naval Aviation of the USSR consisted of the Onega, Caspian, Volga and Belomorsky air squadrons. There were 9 fighters left (Swan and Nieuport), only 18 M-9 seaplanes, 14 aircraft remained in the Baltic.

Then, in two years, this branch of the military was developed, in 1920 it had 4 fighter and 10 hydroair squadrons with a fleet of 75 aircraft.

Since 1921, naval aviation subordinated to the Air Force of the Red Army of the USSR existed in the form of units:

• VF Baltic - a separate fighter detachment, 2 reconnaissance detachments, an equipment division;
• VF of the Azov and Black Seas - a fighter detachment, 2 reconnaissance detachments, a hydroaviation division.

In the summer of 1937, aviation schools were opened in Nikolaev and Yeisk, and an aviation technical school in Perm. MA bombers appear, using torpedoes and mines. By 1940, the Navy Aviation consisted of 38 reconnaissance aircraft and bombers (Pe-2 and Che-2, respectively), 51 fighters (Yak-1 and MiG-3), 2824 combat aircraft.

During the Finnish War, naval aviation operated exclusively over land, disrupting road and rail transport. Due to the significant distance of deployment points from the borders with Germany, in the first days of the war, this branch of service, unlike the USSR Air Force, did not suffer losses either in equipment or in manpower. But later, naval aviation was attracted to cover the ground forces, and the crews were not ready for such tasks, the losses were very significant.

Immediately after the formation of a special strike group, DB-3T aircraft dropped bombs on Berlin and returned to the base without loss. The special operation was commanded by Colonel E. N. Preobrazhensky. During the next 7 sorties of torpedo bombers converted into bombers, the unit lost 7 crews and 18 aircraft. After that, such sabotage behind enemy lines was no longer undertaken.

At the end of 1943, the Navy MA had 12 formations:

• Pacific Fleet - 12 ShAD, 10 dietary supplements, 7 IAD, 2 MTAD;
• BF - 9 ShAD, 8 MTAD, 3 IAD;
• Black Sea Fleet - 11 ShAD, 4 IAD, 1 MTAD.

Thus, at the beginning of the Second World War (1941 - 1942), the structure of the USSR naval aviation looked like this:

• aviation fleets - Pinsk, Onega, Ladoga, Caucasian, Volga, Azov and Amur;
• Air Force fleet - Pacific, Northern, Black Sea, Baltic;
• Air Force Flotilla STO;
• 2 AGGUSMP;
• 3 AGVMF;
• parts of subordination to the central administration - Astrakhan LIS, 64 OAP, 13 AP, 3 ZAP, 2 ZAP, 1 ZAP, AB schools, VMAU Levanevsky and Stalin, KUNS.

The management of these units was located in the capital of the USSR. Combat flights to Japan were made by aviation units of the Amur Flotilla, the Pacific Fleet and the Pacific Fleet. In 1946, the Naval Aviation had 145 aircraft in schools, 330 hydroplanes, 482 attack aircraft, 727 torpedo bombers and bombers, 1159 fighters and 1059 imported aircraft.

From 1961 to 1985, the MA structure looked like this:

• a missile-carrying division - in each fleet, two in the TFO at once;
• reconnaissance regiment - one in each fleet;
• squadron or regiment of helicopters - 1 - 2 for each fleet of the USSR;
• transport regiment - one in each fleet;
• anti-submarine regiment - one in each fleet.

Special forces squadrons were created in the fleet to solve various problems in the required quantity.

During the Soviet era, naval aviation included the following units:

• special - ambulance, towing, corrective aircraft, communications, minesweepers, air tankers;
• transport - transportation of ground transport and manpower;
• search and rescue - Ka-27 helicopters;
• anti-submarine - designed to combat submarines;
• fighter - escorting bombers, destroying enemy air targets;
• assault - targeted destruction of land and sea targets;
• missile-carrying - armed with air / surface shells.

From 1950 to 1954, the structure also included aviation training squadrons in each division of mine-torpedo and fighter units. For example, there were 10 training squadrons in the Pacific Fleet. They were disbanded after the retraining of the flight crew on the Il-28 and MiG-15 vehicles.

Armament and equipment

For aviation of the Russian Navy, the purchase of aircraft equipment abroad is used, which was not the case in the days of the USSR in principle. Basically, these are Czech combat training aircraft L-39. The units include combat aircraft:

1. Electronic intelligence:
   
2. Anti-submarine aviation:
   
3. Transport and long-range aviation:
   
4. Fighter aircraft:
   
5. Helicopters:
   

Land and ship-based naval aviation was involved in military operations in Syria in 2016-2017. At the same time, TAVKR Admiral Kuznetsov lost two aircraft, the crews remained alive.

combat composition

Before 2008 structure naval aviation looked like this:

• Pacific Fleet - transport squadron No. 71, Knevichi base, composition of Tu-134, An-26, An-24 and An-12; fighter regiment No. 865, Yelizovo base, MiG-31; mixed regiment No. 568, base Kamenny Ruchey, composition of Tu-142M3, Tu-142MR and Tu-22M3; mixed regiment No. 317, Yelizovo base, composition of An-26, Mi-8 and -38; anti-submarine regiment No. 289, Nikolaevka base, composition of Ka-29, Ka-27, Il-18 and Il-38;
• Black Sea Fleet - assault regiment No. 43, Gvardeyskoye base, composition of the Su-24MR and Su-24; mixed regiment No. 917, Kacha base, composition of Be-12, An-26 and An-2; anti-submarine helicopter regiment No. 25, Kacha base, Mi-8, Mi-14 and Ka-27;
• Northern Fleet - anti-submarine squadron No. 73, Kipelovo base, Tu-142 composition; rocket-carrying guards regiment No. 924, base Olenegorsk, composition of Tu-22M3; anti-submarine helicopter Red Banner Regiment No. 830, Severomorsk-1 base, Ka-29 and Ka-27; mixed regiment No. 403, Severomorsk-1 base, composition of Tu-134, Il-38, An-26 and An-12; fighter regiment No. 279, Severomorsk-3 base, MiG-29KUB, MiG-29K, Su-25UTG and Su-33;
• BF - transport squadron No. 398 Khrabrovo base, composition of An-26 and An-24; anti-submarine helicopter squadron No. 396, Donskoye base, Ka-29 and Ka-27; helicopter squadron No. 125, Chkalovsk base, Mi-24 and Mi-8; fighter regiment No. 689, Chkalovsk base, Su-27; Assault Guards Regiment No. 4, Chernyakhovsk base, Su-24 composition.

Since the only TAVKR in Russia is assigned to the Northern Fleet, carrier-based aviation of the Russian Navy is available only in the Northern Fleet. This ship does not fall under the category of an aircraft carrier; in comparison with the US strike groups, the following situation has developed:

• one Russian carrier cruiser against 10 full-fledged American aircraft carriers;
• out of the design 50 combat units on board Admiral Kuznetsov there are 4 MiG-29KUB, 10 MiG-29K, 2 Su-25UTG and 14 Su-33, i.e. 30 pieces;
• due to the lack of encirclement ships, the TAVKR will not be able to use its main advantage - the P-700 Granit and P-1000 Vulkan.

However, for 2017-2020, it is planned to equip the naval aviation units with 100 units of new aircraft.

Naval Aviation of the Russian Navy

After numerous transformations, name changes and changes in the tasks to be solved, the marine combat aviation The Russian Navy has restored its combat capability and has been developed. At present, I.S. Kozhin, commander of naval aviation of the Russian Navy, who took up that position in 2010, in August. combat vehicles have their own identification marks, and the personnel - a standard uniform for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and mixed ranks.

Dress

Since the aviation of the Russian Navy does not belong to special units, several types of uniforms have been adopted for personnel:

• everyday - camouflage of the latest reform (jacket and trousers);
• flight technical - tropical or blue, overalls, suit, jacket;
• front - black epaulette with a blue edging and a gap of the same color.

Navy cockades with anchors are used on headdresses, an additional emblem is provided for caps, attached to the left.

Identification marks

Currently, the aviation of the Russian Navy wears tricolor stars - red circled in bold blue and a thin red line - and license plate type FR-00000. The inscription may look like MA of the Russian Navy" or "Russian Navy". The plans of the command are to restore the stars of the USSR model without edging in blue.

Military ranks

Since the aviation of the Russian Navy simultaneously belongs to two types of troops, military personnel have the ranks:

• colonel general, lieutenant general and major general;
• colonel and lieutenant colonel;
• major;
• captain, senior lieutenant and lieutenant;
• senior warrant officer and warrant officer;
• foreman;
• senior sergeant, sergeant and junior sergeant;
• senior sailor and sailor.

Thus, at present, naval aviation is a branch of the Russian Navy, understaffed with equipment and personnel, therefore it solves a limited range of tasks, inferior to similar units of a potential enemy.

In the second half of 1945, new mine and torpedo aviation units of the Navy Air Force began to enter service. The first to receive them was the 5th Guards. MTAP Air Force Black Sea Fleet and 64th DBAP Air Force Pacific Fleet. In the next two years, the regiments of the 8th and 19th MTAD of the BF Air Force and the 567th Guards were re-equipped with these aircraft. MTAP VVS Pacific Fleet.

On February 16, 1946, the NK Navy was abolished by decree of the USSR PVS. The Navy, subordinate to the Minister of the Armed Forces, became known as the Naval Forces (Navy). In accordance with this order of the Civil Code of the Navy No. 0100 of March 26, 1946, the Air Force of the Navy was renamed into Aviation of the Naval Forces, and the main directorate of the Air Force of the Navy was transformed into "obscure" controls of the Naval Aviation Commander. They included: command, secretariat, headquarters, air defense department, IAS department, Navy Air Force supply department, airfield department and several departments (inspector, VMAUZ, personnel, financial and general). The same order made the transition to peacetime states. In the same year, they were subject to decommissioning and, as a result, the flight units armed with aircraft of this type were disbanded. So only in the Pacific Fleet Air Force, by 1947, the 117th OMDRAP, 31st, 47th, 57th, 63rd OMBRAE and 5th BRAZ were disbanded. A similar picture was observed in the air forces of other fleets.

As of July 1, 1946, there were 5252 aircraft in Naval Aviation, including 1059 imported all types, including domestic fighters - 1159, bombers and torpedo bombers - 727, attack aircraft - 482. domestic boat aircraft - 330. Another 1455 aircraft were in educational institutions and parts of the Naval Aviation.

In 1946-1950. there was an urgent need to streamline and reduce the vast post-war army economy, in light of which, a wave of renaming of units, formations and associations swept through the entire Armed Forces. She did not bypass the Naval Aviation either. The end of 1947 was marked for Naval Aviation by significant organizational and staffing changes. On December 15, 1947, in accordance with the circular of the NGSh of the Navy No. 0036 dated 10/07/1947, the Naval Aviation switched to the standard organization of the Air Force Soviet army. From now on, a unified system of unit and formation numbers was established for them. On the basis of the same document, a number of units of the Navy Air Force were renamed, having received the numbers of the assault and fighter regiments of the SA Air Force that had been disbanded by that time. So, the 29th and 40th APBP of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet became the 565th and 569th DBAP, the 17th Guards, the 55th APBP and the 64th DBAP of the Air Force of the Pacific Fleet - respectively, the 567th Guards, 568- m and the 570th MTAP, and the 95th AP of the Air Force of the Northern Fleet - the 574th MTAP. Two divisions of dive bombers (the 13th ADPB of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet and the 10th ADPB of the Air Force of the Pacific Fleet) were also reorganized. They became, respectively, the 88th DBAD (MTAD) and the 89th MTAD. "As unnecessary", attack aircraft were abolished (although this was done a little later in the SA Air Force). Divisions and regiments of attack aircraft were disbanded or reorganized into fighter and bomber regiments. Since that time, aviation regiments have been transferred from three-squadron to four-squadron states. Such enlargement was not very successful, given that the airfields based on the air force of the fleets, as a rule, housed several flight units, and there were difficulties in organizing joint flights.

Another important organizational event for the Naval Aviation was the division in 1946 of the Baltic Fleet, and in 1947 - of the Pacific Fleet, into two independent operational-strategic formations each. This is how the 4th and 8th Navy appeared in the Baltic and the 5th and 7th Navy in pacific ocean. Each such fleet had its own air force. There are suggestions that the same fate was to befall the Northern Fleet and the Black Sea Fleet, but, for a number of reasons, this was not done.

In the first post-war five-year period, the process of reducing Naval Aviation proceeded steadily: out of 19 aviation divisions, 16 remained (at the end of 1947, the 12th ShAD, the 14th and 17th SAD were disbanded). The Air Force of the Fleets then had 75 aviation regiments (of which 11 regiments were mine-torpedo regiments). The personnel and equipment of the disbanded units became part of the regiments that were not subject to disbandment.

In 1947-1948. the aviation of all military flotillas, naval defense areas and bases was liquidated. This, in general, did not particularly affect the quantitative and qualitative composition of Naval Aviation, since, often, the entire aviation of a flotilla consisted of a single squadron or auxiliary aviation unit.

On the basis of the circular of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR dated 08/28/1948, the Air Defense Directorate and the General Department were abolished in the structure of the Control Bodies of the Commander of the Naval Aviation. However, the task of air defense in the coastal areas continued to be assigned to the formations and units of the fighter aviation of the fleets.

In April 1949, in accordance with the circular of the NSSh Naval Forces No. 0119 dated 03/09/1949, the flight units of the Naval Aviation returned to the old, time-tested three-squadron system.

By the beginning of the 1950s, despite its impressive numerical strength, Naval Aviation had a morally and physically obsolete aircraft fleet. It was necessary to take immediate measures to re-equip it with modern types of aircraft. The piston era was replaced by the era of jet aviation. For the speedy retraining of combat units for new equipment, at the end of 1950, training squadrons were formed in all fleets under the control of aviation divisions of the MTA and IA. They existed until mid-1953 - early 1954, and, having completed their task, were disbanded.

On February 26, 1950, the main command of the Navy was renamed the Naval Ministry of the USSR. In early March, on the basis of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 804/293, the Main Naval Headquarters became known as the Naval General Staff. In accordance with the MGSH circular dated March 16, 1950, the controls of the Naval Aviation Commander underwent another transformation. Their structure began to include: command, secretariat, headquarters, management of the IAS, engineering and airfield management, rear of the Navy Air Force, management of the VMAUZ and departments (flight service, aeromedicine, stock and financial, qualification commission). In addition, the Naval Air Force Headquarters included directorates (operational, combat training, communications, experimental construction of aircraft) and departments (intelligence, navigational, military scientific, meteorological, secret office work, general and encryption).

Since 1951, fighter aviation, armed mainly with Yak-9, La-7, La-9, La-11, R-63 aircraft, was the first in the Navy to begin retraining for MiG-15 jet aircraft, and since 1953. - on the MiG-17. At the beginning of the same year, a number of regiments of the Navy MA again changed their numbers, this time to four-digit ones.

The next stage of reforms began on April 21, 1951, when the Minister of Defense of the USSR, by his order No. 0188, set the terms for re-equipping MTA units with Tu-14t and Il-28t jet torpedo bombers. In 1951-1953. the regiments, previously armed with , and , were completely retrained and re-equipped from piston aircraft to jet technology. The first regiment to retrain on the Il-28 in August 1951 was the 1531st Guards. MTAP of the Air Force of the 8th Navy, and in October the 1676th MTAP of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet began retraining. At the end of 1951, he began retraining the 567th Guards. MTAP Air Force of the 5th Navy. In April and May 1952, the newly formed 1941st MTAP of the Northern Fleet Air Force also retrained on the Tu-14t. In total, by the second half of 1952, eight mine-torpedo regiments had already been re-equipped on the Il-28t and Tu-14t.

Reconnaissance aviation units began to master the reconnaissance version of the Il-28 aircraft from March 1952 (1733rd ORAP of the Northern Fleet Air Force, AE of the 15th ODRAP of the Air Force of the 8th Navy and AE of the 50th Guards ODRAP of the Air Force of the 5th Navy).

Late 1940s - mid 1950s. a number of units and formations of fighter aircraft of the SA Air Force were transferred to the Air Force of the Navy. So, in the Baltic, the 60th, 108th and 237th Guards were adopted. OVER, in the North - the 107th and 122nd IAD, on the Black Sea - the 181st IAD, in the Pacific Ocean - the 147th and 249th IAD. In addition, a number of units and formations of the bomber aviation of the SA Air Force were also transferred to the Naval Aviation. In the Baltic, the 4th Guards was transferred to the Air Force of the Fleet. BAD and 57th TBAD, on the Black Sea - 819th Guards. BAP, in the Pacific Ocean - 169 Guards. TBAP and 194th dietary supplement. This tried to save them from the coming reduction. At the same time, they, as a rule, changed their numbering, and sometimes their purpose (bomber regiments and divisions became mine-torpedo).

In 1952, a new aviation technique, helicopters, entered service with the Naval Aviation. The first part armed with them was the 220th separate aviation detachment of Ka-10 helicopters, formed in Sevastopol. These machines could hardly be called full-fledged aircraft, but time has shown that they are the future. Already by the mid-1950s. separate squadrons of base (on the Mi-4) and shipborne helicopters (on the Ka-15) were created in the fleets: the 255th, 507th and 509th UAE in the Baltic, the 1222nd and 272nd UAE in the Black Sea, 504th UAE in the North.

On the basis of the directive of the MGSH Naval Forces dated February 21, 1953, the military-scientific, navigational department and some other units were liquidated in the governing bodies of the Naval Air Force.

By June 1953, in the Far East, the 5th and 7th Navy were merged into a single Pacific Fleet, and, accordingly, a single Pacific Fleet Air Force reappeared on the basis of their Air Force. In the Baltic, this process took place somewhat later: in February 1956, the two fleets merged, and on the basis of the Air Forces of the 4th and 8th Navy, a single Air Force of the Baltic Fleet was formed.

By January 1, 1954, the Naval Air Force had 10 mine-torpedo, 20 fighter and 10 reconnaissance regiments, as well as 29 individual squadrons and squads.

In 1955, modern Tu-16 jet aircraft began to arrive in the mine-torpedo aviation unit. Although often the IL-28 and Tu-14 continued to be used in combat units, until 1960. The first regiment to retrain on the Tu-16 was the 240th Guards. MTAP 57th MTAD VVS BF. Initially, the new aircraft were used in the bomber, torpedo and anti-submarine, and since 1957 - in the missile-carrying version.

It should be noted that, unlike the SA Air Force, where Long-Range Aviation was massively re-equipped with the Tu-4 piston long-range bomber in the mid-1950s, this did not happen in the Navy Aviation. In addition to the 124th TAP (MTAP) of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, the 240th Guards. TAP of the Air Force of the Baltic Fleet and a separate control detachment of the 143rd MTAD of the Air Force of the Pacific Fleet, these aircraft did not enter service, and even those that did were taken from the Air Force units.

In 1956, the Central Office of the Naval Aviation once again changed its name. Now he has been named aviation authorities of the Navy.

On the basis of the directive of the USSR Ministry of Defense dated April 20, 1956, attack aircraft in the Air Force and Navy were to be disbanded. But Naval Aviation lost it two years earlier, when the last assault formation - the 601st ShAD of the Air Force of the 4th Navy, was reorganized into a fighter division.

The intensive development of submarine forces in the United States, especially the construction of submarines with nuclear power plants, has significantly increased the combat capabilities of the latter. Under these conditions, Naval Aviation faced the task of searching for and destroying them. To successfully solve it, it was necessary to create a special kind of aviation - anti-submarine, since until 1956 this was mainly done by reconnaissance and mine-torpedo aviation. The first anti-submarine aircraft of the Aviation of the Fleet was the Be-6 flying boat, and helicopters of a similar purpose - Mi-4, shore-based, and Ka-15, ship-based. The creation of anti-submarine aviation required the creation of new means of detecting submarines. Therefore, in 1953, the Baku radio-hydroacoustic system was created, which was equipped with Be-6 aircraft and Mi-4, Ka-15 helicopters. In the late 1950s it was also equipped with a small number of Tu-16pl aircraft. The "Baku" system consisted of passive non-directional buoys RSL-N ("Iva") and aircraft on-board equipment that received, analyzed and processed information from the RSL. In parallel with the development of aviation RSL, the creation of a helicopter descending sonar station (OGAS "AG-19") was going on. She was originally armed with Mi-4 and Ka-15 helicopters. In 1950, aviation search magnetometers - APM-50, and in 1960 - APM-60 were developed and put into service.

From December 1, 1957, based on the directive of the Civil Code of the Navy No. OMU / 4/30250 of July 20, 1957, linear training is introduced in Naval Aviation. From now on, all regiments are divided into parts of the 1st and 2nd line. The units and subunits of the 1st line were planned to have large flight quotas for the training of flight personnel, and the 2nd line was to maintain the already achieved level of flight training.

In the spring of 1958, separate squadrons of base and ship-based Mi-4m and Ka-15 helicopters in all fleets were reorganized into helicopter regiments. Thus, the 853rd and 872nd OAPV appear in the Black Sea, the 830th OAPV appears in the North, the 413th and 437th OAPV appear in the Baltic, and the 710th and 720th OAPV appear in the Pacific Fleet. The flight and technical staff of the fighter units being disbanded this year turned to their staffing.

In the period 1956-1960. Naval Aviation, which was then entrusted with solving problems air defense in the coastal zone, called Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy. But already in 1957, in connection with the reorganization of the country's air defense system, the first wave of units and formations of fighters from the Air Force of the Fleets was transferred there.

Naval Aviation continued to improve continuously in the second half of the 1950s. A new formidable weapon began to enter its arsenal - an aviation cruise missile. In 1957-1961. mine-torpedo aviation successfully mastered new missile systems. Following the Tu-16ks missile system, in 1959, the Tu-16k-10 missile system was adopted, designed mainly to destroy large surface ships. It consisted of a Tu-16k carrier aircraft and one K-10 missile. The first to re-equip the new missile system were the 170th Guards. MTAP DD VVS BF, 924th Guards. and 987th MTAP AD VVS SF. They were followed by the 240th Guards. MTAP DD VVS BF, 5th Guards. and 124th MTAP DD Air Force Black Sea Fleet, 169th Guards. and the 570th MTAP DD VVS Pacific Fleet, which received these weapons in 1960-1961.

In 1960, the Armed Forces of the USSR underwent a new catastrophic "reform" associated with the name of the then leader of the country, N.S. Khrushchev. 1.2 million people were dismissed from the army. The newest ships and planes went under the knife, giving way to another fashionable toy - a rocket. All fighter aviation was excluded from the Navy Air Force, and most of the mine-torpedo units and formations were also disbanded; at the same time, in fact, many thousands of people of flight and technical staff were left to the mercy of fate. At the end of 1960, the Air Force and Air Defense fleets began to be called fleet aviation(and the Air Force and Air Defense Directorate of the Navy was renamed Naval Aviation Administration); the administrations themselves were cut in half.

With these sad processes, a new strike force of the Soviet Navy was born - its naval missile-carrying and anti-submarine aviation. Since May 1961, on the basis of the order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 0028 of 03.20.1961 and the order of the Civil Code of the Navy No. 048 of 04.13.1961, all mine-torpedo regiments and divisions began to be called naval missile-carrying (while in the Air Force SA similar units and formations retained the name of heavy bombers).

After 1961, the structure of Naval Aviation was completely determined. The Air Force of each fleet had a naval missile-carrying aviation division (except for the Pacific Fleet, where there were two MRADs), one reconnaissance regiment, 1-2 helicopter regiments (squadrons), anti-submarine and transport regiments. There were also separate squadrons for special purposes. This composition remained practically unchanged until the mid-1980s, when the aviation of the fleets was replenished with assault regiments.

In 1962, the combat capabilities of anti-submarine aviation expanded significantly, with the adoption by the Naval Aviation of the new aviation anti-submarine complex Il-38, which has an automated search and targeting system "Berkut". But this aircraft began to enter the combat units of the Air Force of the Fleets a little later: in 1967, to the air. Kipelovo (SF) was formed by the 24th OPLA DD, armed with Il-38 aircraft. Behind him in 1969 on the air. Nikolaevka (TOF) was formed by the 77th OPLAP DD, and in 1975 these aircraft were received by the 145th OPAAE DDAaviationBF, based on the air. Skulte (Riga).

In 1962, the MRA received another aviation missile system, the Tu-16k-16 with the KSR-2 missile, designed to destroy destroyer-frigate class ships. The carrier aircraft could hang and use two such missiles. A significant difference between the KSR-2 AKP and older types of missiles was that after its uncoupling, the Tu-16 could turn back on its course, and the missile itself followed the target, while the K-10 AKP and the KS needed continuous “illumination” of the target onboard RAS of the aircraft. The first to re-equip with the new missile system were: in 1963 - the 540th MRAP (II) of the 33rd TsBP and PAS and the 568th MRAP of the Pacific Fleet Air Force, then, in 1964 - the 12th OMRAP of the BF Air Force, and in 1967 - 49th MRAP Air Force Pacific Fleet. Adoption of a new missile system significantly expanded the combat capabilities of missile-carrying divisions. Now it was possible to use two types of missiles with different speed and altitude characteristics in a missile salvo, which created serious problems for the air defense system of the enemy ship grouping. It should be said that later, on the basis of the K-10 and KSR-2 missiles, specialized AKR K-Yusp and KSR-11 were developed and put into service, the first of which was an unmanned radio-electronic jammer, and the second was an anti-radar missile that hit sources of radio emission . In parts of the MRA, the development of the integrated use of these new types of weapons began.

In 1962, the reconnaissance aircraft of the Navy received the Tu-22r supersonic reconnaissance aircraft. He first entered the 15th ODRAP of the Air Force of the Baltic Fleet, and then - in the 30th ODRAP of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet. This aircraft, although it was in service with several DA bomber and reconnaissance regiments, did not win much love from the flight crew, due to the high accident rate. Perhaps that is why it did not enter the aviation of the Navy in the missile-carrying version (although there were plans to re-equip one of the regiments of the 3rd MRAD in the Air Force of the Pacific Fleet).

In 1963, the Tu-16k-26 complex, with the KSR-5 supersonic missile, was adopted by the MRA. Two missiles could be suspended on the carrier aircraft. Later, after refinement, the Tu-16k-10 complex could be armed with three missiles (one K-10 and two KSR-2, KSR-5 or KSR-11, in various combinations). He received the name Tu-16k-10-26. In the early 1970s in part of the MRA, armed with the Tu-16k-26 aviation systems, the KSR-5p anti-radar missile began to arrive, capable of hitting the enemy’s ship-based and ground-based RASs.

It can be said without exaggeration that with the arrival of all this missile technology, the combat power of naval missile-carrying aviation has increased significantly, without increasing the number of carrier aircraft. And even in the late 1990s, having re-equipped with the Tu-22mZ supersonic missile carrier with the Kh-22 missile, MRA pilots recalled with nostalgia the good old and practically trouble-free Tu-16.

Reconnaissance aircraft also continued to develop. In 1963, at the air. Severomorsk-1 (VVS SF) the 392nd ODRAP was formed, armed with the latest strategic reconnaissance aircraft Tu-95rts at that time, equipped with electronic and radio reconnaissance systems, as well as target designation equipment "Success". By 1965, this regiment was relocated to the place of permanent deployment, to the air. Kipelovo. In 1965, the 867th Guards was re-equipped with the Tu-95rts. ODRAP Air Force Pacific Fleet on air. Khorol. The Tu-95rts aircraft in one flight was able to reveal the situation in an area of ​​​​8-10 million km2, to detect and identify surface targets in it, which corresponded to the survey of the same area by 10 Tu-16r aircraft. In addition, he could automatically issue target designation data to the missile systems of the strike forces of the fleet.

In 1965, the aviation short-range anti-submarine complex - Be-12 was adopted by the Navy Aviation. The aircraft of this type were re-equipped: in 1965 - the 318th OPLA DD (air. Donuzlav), in 1967 - the 122nd OPLA DD (air. Yelizovo), in 1968 - the 403rd OPLA DD (air . Severomorsk-2), in 1969 - the 289th OPLAP DD (aero. Nikolaevka), in 1970 - the 17th OPLAE DD (aero. Spit). Previously, all these flying units were armed with Be-6 flying boats.

Since 1965, the Ka-25pl ship helicopter has been mass-produced for Naval Aviation. The helicopter began to enter the combat units in the same year - in the 872nd OVP Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet and the 710th OVP Aviation of the Pacific Fleet. The aviation of the Northern Fleet and the Baltic Fleet received Ka-25pl helicopters: in the 830th ORP and the 745th ORP - in 1967 and 1969, respectively.

In 1969, the leadership of the Navy decided to mass-produce a more advanced ship-based anti-submarine helicopter Ka-27pl, and since 1973 it began to enter service with combat units. The first to receive it in the same year was the 872nd OKPLVP Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet.

In 1969, in order to expand the zone of operation of our anti-submarine forces into the ocean, a long-range aviation complex, the Tu-142, was adopted by the PLA. Although the anti-submarine armament of the Tu-142 was similar to the equipment of the Il-38 aircraft, however, its tactical radius was up to 4000 km, against 2300 km for the latter. Aircraft of this type entered service with the newly formed: at the air. Kipelovo - 76th OPLAP AD VVS SF (1969), and on the air. Khorol - 310th OPLA AD VVSTOF (1976).

Since the late 1960s to the beginning of the 1990s Naval Aviation successfully carried out combat service in the advanced areas of the world's oceans. The tasks of the Armed Forces were solved both from the decks of aircraft-carrying ships of single and group basing (the 745th ORP of the BF Air Force, the 78th and 872nd OKPLVP of the Black Sea Fleet, the 38th and 830th OKPLVP, the 279th OKShAP of the Northern Fleet Air Force, the 207th , 710th OKPLVP, 175th OKPLVE, 311th OKSHAP Air Force Pacific Fleet), and from airfields of foreign countries. The geography of basing naval aviators on foreign airfields is quite extensive: Egypt and Syria in the Mediterranean, Ethiopia, Somalia and Yemen in the Indian Ocean, Cuba, Guinea and Angola in the Atlantic, Vietnam in the Pacific Ocean. At the airfields of these countries: Cairo, Aswan, Mersa Matruh, Asmara, Hargeisa, Aden, El Anad, Dahlak, Havana, Conakry, Luanda, Cam Ranh, Da Nang, aviation units and support units from the Air Force of the fleets were based. The areas of responsibility were also divided between the fleets. The crews of the 318th OPLAP and the 30th ODRAP of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, the 967th ODRAP and the 912th OTAP of the Air Force of the Northern Fleet worked in the Mediterranean Sea. The crews of the 392nd ODRAP Air Force of the Northern Fleet flew to the Atlantic for combat service, the crews of the 145th OPLAE of the BF Air Force, the 77th OPLAP, the 710th OKPLVP and the 304th Guards flew to the Indian Ocean. ODRAP Air Force Pacific Fleet.

In Vietnam until 1982 on the air. Da Nang was based a mixed detachment of Tu-95rts and Tu-142m aircraft, from the 304th Guards. ODRAP and 310th OPLAP Air Force Pacific Fleet. Since 1982, by agreement with the government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, on the air. Cam Ranh was deployed on a permanent basis by the 169th Guards Mixed Aviation Regiment (former 169th Guards MRAP), in which, in addition to a squadron of Tu-142 and Tu-95rts aircraft, there was a squadron of Tu-16k-10 missile carriers and EW Tu aircraft -16sp. Since 1984, a squadron of MiG-23mld fighters, formed from the personnel and aviation equipment of the 1st Air Force Air Force, has been added to them. This was the only case in the history of the Navy Air Force, since the withdrawal of our troops from China in 1955, the deployment of an entire aviation regiment at a foreign airfield, along with support units. However, in 1993, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a foreign page was closed in the history of the Navy Aviation when the 362nd Guards was disbanded. OSAE (in 1989, the 169th Guards OSAP was reorganized into it), and in 2000, the 128th Aviation and Technical Commandant's Office for the air. Cam Ranh.

In 1974, the MPA entered service with the Tu-22m2 supersonic aircraft with variable wing geometry, capable of carrying three Kh-22m AKRs. The first regiments to retrain for new type aircraft, became the 943rd MRAP of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet and the 240th Guards. MRAP Air Force BF. The Pacific received a new aircraft much later: in 1980. - 568th MRAP, in 1982 - 570th MRAP, and only in 1991 - 183rd MRAP.

In the mid 1970s. heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers (TAKR) pr. 1143 were introduced into the combat structure of the USSR Navy, capable, unlike the Moskva-type anti-ship missiles, of carrying not only helicopters, but also Yak-38 vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. At the same time, attack aviation was revived as part of the Naval Aviation. For the Northern Fleet, the Kyiv TAKR was built. The Pacific Fleet received two other ships: TAKR "Minsk" and "Novorossiysk". For basing on them, in addition to shipborne helicopter regiments, shipborne assault aviation regiments were formed as part of the Northern Fleet and Pacific Fleet Aviation. In December 1973, at the air. Saki, the formation of the 279th separate shipborne assault aviation regiment, armed with Yak-38 aircraft, began for the Northern Fleet Air Force. To train flight personnel for new aircraft, in September 1976 at the air. Saki, the 299th separate ship-based instructor-research assault aviation regiment is being formed. In October 1976, as part of the Pacific Fleet Air Force, at the air. The pier is formed by the 311th separate shipborne assault aviation regiment.

Since 1975, coastal-based assault units have appeared in Naval Aviation. Then the 846th Guards. The BF Air Force OPLAP was reorganized into the 846th Guards Separate Naval Assault Aviation Regiment. In December 1982, at the air. The pier was formed by another assault unit - the 173rd separate naval assault aviation regiment. Both regiments were armed with Su-17m aircraft.

In 1975, the next large-scale exercises of the USSR Navy "Ocean-75" were planned and carried out. For the first time, joint operations of reconnaissance and anti-submarine aviation from foreign airfields in Cuba, Africa and Asia were practiced on them. The missile-carrying aviation of the Baltic Fleet and the Black Sea Fleet performed inter-theater maneuvers during the exercises.

In March 1980, the Fleet Aviation was once again renamed to Air Force fleets. At that time, Naval Aviation was an impressive force and had five naval missile-carrying divisions (13 missile-carrying regiments on Tu-16 and Tu-22m aircraft). There were also two reconnaissance regiments on the Tu-95rts, two regiments on the Tu-22r, a regiment and two squadrons on the Tu-16r. In 1983, the first and only 35th anti-submarine aviation division of the Northern Fleet Air Force was formed (two regiments on Tu-142 aircraft). Two regiments and one squadron flew on Il-38 aircraft, and three more regiments and two squadrons were armed with Be-12 amphibians. Helicopters were armed with six regiments and three squadrons. As part of special aviation, there was a separate electronic warfare regiment and four transport regiments. Ground attack aviation was represented by two naval assault and two naval assault regiments. In addition, a separate transport regiment was directly subordinate to the commander of the Navy Air Force, and the 33rd PPI and PLS included instructor and research units: a missile-carrying regiment, a naval assault regiment, a helicopter regiment and an anti-submarine squadron.

In 1989, under the Treaty on the Reduction of Conventional Arms in Europe, a number of units and formations of bomber, attack and fighter aircraft were transferred from the country's Air Force to Naval Aviation. So, the Black Sea Fleet Air Force was transferred to the 119th IAD (86th Guards IAP, 161st IAP, 841st Guards MAPIB) and the 43rd OMSHAP, Air Force BF - 132nd BAD (4th Guards BAP , 321st BAP, 668th BAP) and 66th APIB, Air Force of the Northern Fleet -88thAPIB.

The experience of operating the Yak-38 attack aircraft from the deck of the Kyiv, Minsk and Novorossiysk aircraft carriers helped to find fundamentally new way the use of conventional aircraft. We are talking about a springboard takeoff of an aircraft with an arresting landing. A ship capable of carrying such aircraft was the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser pr. 1143.5, which at the end of 1991 became part of the Northern Fleet under the name "Admiral Kuznetsov". As the aviation complexes of this ship, domestic front-line aircraft MiG-29 and Su-27 in a marine version were chosen. The basis of his carrier-based aviation was the 279th OMSHAP. In March 1993, the first 4 Su-27k aircraft were transferred from the aircraft factory in Komsomolsk-on-Amur to the air. Severomorsk-3. By the end of the tests, the regiment already had 24 aircraft of this type. At the same time, the regiment was reorganized into the 279th separate naval fighter aviation regiment, which was supposed to be armed with Su-27k, MiG-29k, Su-25utg aircraft. Together with the 830th OKPLVP, he made up the 57th mixed naval air division of the Northern Fleet Air Force. The new division adopted the number and honorary names from the 57th MRAD of the BF Air Force, disbanded in December 1991.

By the beginning of the 1990s. decisive changes in the socio-political and economic spheres are ripe for the country. But they have so far little affected Naval Aviation. Moreover, by January 1, 1991, the Naval Aviation Headquarters planned to have 45 air regiments and several separate squadrons in the Naval Aviation, which were supposed to contain 1388 aircraft and 542 helicopters. In reality, by this time, Naval Aviation had 52 regiments, 10 separate squadrons and air groups with 1,701 aircraft and 363 helicopters, including 372 missile carriers, 966 fighters, attack aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft.

But then came December 1991, and the Soviet Union collapsed. For almost a year, the destructive whirlwinds of collapse almost did not touch the Naval Aviation, but, in the end, they got to it. The basing system began to collapse first. The aviators had to leave long-established airfields in Belarus (together with the 57th MRAD), Georgia (841st OPLVVE) and the Baltic states (132nd MSHAD). The airfields of the MA Navy in Ukraine also became a stumbling block. In addition to them, two training centers went under the jurisdiction of Ukraine - in Nikolaev and Saki.

In September 1992, the Air Force Directorate of the Navy was renamed into Naval Aviation Commander.

In 1993, another landslide reduction in Naval Aviation began. Under a far-fetched pretext - due to "low reliability" - aircraft with one engine were decommissioned: Su-17, MiG-27, MiG-23, and, accordingly, the flight units armed with them were disbanded. (It should be noted that these and similar aircraft continue to fly successfully abroad to this day). Then came the turn of the Tu-16 and Tu-95rts aircraft, which formed the basis of naval missile-carrying and reconnaissance aviation. At the same time, due to the high accident rate, a ban was given on the flights of Tu-22m2 aircraft. They were placed in storage with subsequent disposal. Thus, the following types of aircraft remained in service with the Naval Aviation:

• MRA -Tu-22mZ;
• RzA - Su-24m, Su-24mr, An-12rr;
• PLA - Be-12pl, Il-38, Tu-142mz, Tu-142k, Ka-27pl, Mi-14pl;
• SHA - Su-24m;
• TRA - Tu-134, Tu-154, Il-18, An-12, An-26, An-72, Mi-8;
• SpA - Il-20rt, Il-22, Tu-142mr, Be-12ps, Mi-14ps, Mi-14bshz, Ka-27ps, Ka-27tl, Ka-27e.

In 1994, all military formations of the Navy, Air Force, Air Defense and Ground Forces stationed in the Kaliningrad region were united into the Joint Group of Troops and Forces of the Baltic Fleet. The aviation component of this grouping became known as the BF Air Force and Air Defense.

By the beginning of 1995, Naval Aviation had 2 two-regiment air divisions, 23 separate regiments, 8 separate squadrons, a group of ekranoplanes and 2 training centers. This year she lost reconnaissance aviation. Separate reconnaissance squadrons were disbanded, and the entire fleet of reconnaissance aircraft over the next two years consisted of several An-12rr aircraft that were part of the transport regiments, and even then they were used mainly for transport and "commercial" transportation.

By mid-1996, the strength of the Navy Aviation was 695 aircraft, including 66 missile carriers, 116 anti-submarine aircraft, 118 fighters and attack aircraft, and 365 helicopters and special aviation aircraft.

At the beginning of 1997, the regular strength of Naval Aviation was 619 aircraft and 716 crews. In February, 13 Ka-29tb helicopters were transferred to the Aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which became unnecessary for the Navy Air Force. The remaining helicopters of this type quietly lived out their lives in a semi-disassembled state in the so-called "storage groups", in the backyards of airfields (although in the states of the 289th OPLAP and the 317th SAP until 2007 they were still listed - respectively, 2 and 1 units ). Sailors recalled these specialized helicopters with “quiet sadness” at the end of 2008, when they had to use Ka-27ps helicopters with an impromptu installation of a machine gun on board to fight pirates in the Gulf of Aden ...

On November 1, 1997, the Directorate of the Navy Aviation Commander was once again renamed to management of the Commander of Naval Aviation.

In 1998, Naval Aviation in the Far East was reorganized. In Kamchatka, the 6th Air Defense Division and the 317th OSAP of the Pacific Fleet Air Force were transformed into the Aviation and Air Defense Group of the Joint Command of Troops and Forces in the North-East of the Russian Federation (Aviation and air defense OKVS). The MA Navy included one missile-carrying division of two regiments, 12 separate regiments and 7 separate squadrons.

Further, the leapfrog of renaming continued. Since 2000, Naval Aviation has become known as Naval Aviation of the Navy(at the same time, no one could intelligibly say what the essence of this renaming was), but already on September 1, 2002, the department of the commander of the Navy MA was renamed into Office of the Chief of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy(for the second time since the mid-1950s, having received such a name). Now in Naval Aviation again, instead of the position of commander, the position of chief was introduced. How sadly they joked in the troops: "So soon we will live to the head of aviation." It should be said that such a change in the name of the head of the Navy Aviation had another negative side. His status in the hierarchy of the leadership of the Navy and the job category went down. Now she was reduced from Colonel General to Lieutenant General. Corresponding changes have also taken place in the fleets. Since that time, there have been aviation associations with different names: in the Baltic - the Air Force and Air Defense of the Baltic Fleet, in the North and the Black Sea - the Air Force of the Northern Fleet and the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, and in the Pacific Ocean - the Air Force and Air Defense of the Pacific Fleet, Air Force and Air Defense OKVS. All these groups were represented by separate regiments and squadrons, and, in addition, at the Baltic Fleet and Pacific Fleet, they also included anti-aircraft missile, radio engineering, and electronic warfare units.

Practically up to the present time, the process of reducing the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy has not stopped, although it is now hidden behind the fashionable word "optimization". This is due, first of all, to the lack of deliveries of new equipment to Naval Aviation, as well as to scarce funding for the maintenance of existing aircraft.

The next round of these "reforms" began in October 2008, when a program for the next significant reduction in the Russian army (approved by the president of the country) was adopted at the collegium of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, chaired by Minister A. Serdyukov. According to it, the total strength of the RF Armed Forces by 2012 should be reduced by 350 thousand people, of which at least 150 thousand people should be officers. The institute of ensigns and midshipmen was completely subject to liquidation (instead of them it is supposed to create an institute of "professional sergeants and foremen"). The transformations affected all army structures. In particular, its strike component was withdrawn from Naval Aviation - parts of the MRA, SHA and IA, which, together with anti-aircraft missile and radio engineering units, were to be transferred to the Air Force and Air Defense. In addition to them, by the middle of 2011, parts of transport aviation were also subject to withdrawal. The remaining aviation (PLA and KIA) and rear units by December 1, 2009 were reorganized into air bases, in the manner of the Air Force of Western states. The number of such air bases should be: from two (at the Baltic Fleet, Black Sea Fleet and Northern Fleet) to four (at the Pacific Fleet), including:

• 7050th AVB MA SF at the air. Severomorsk-1,
• 7051st AVB MA SF on air. Kipelovo and Olenya,
• 7052nd AvB MA BF on air. Chernyakhovsk,
• 7053rd AvB MA BF on air. Chkalovsk,
• 7054th Guards. AVB MA BF on air. Khrabrovo,
• 7055th Guards. AvB ChTsP on aero. Ostafyevo,
• 7056th AvB ChTsP on air. Island,
• 7057th AvB MA Black Sea Fleet on air. Kacha,
• 7058th AvB MA Black Sea Fleet on air. Guards,
• 7059th AvB MA Pacific Fleet at the air. Knevichi,
• 7060th AvB MA Pacific Fleet at the air. Yelizovo,
• 7061st Guards. AVB MA Pacific Fleet on air. stone stream,
• 7062nd AvB MA Pacific Fleet on air. Nikolayevka.

The number of personnel of the flight units was supposed to be reduced by 35%, and headquarters and institutions - by 60%. A large number of officer posts were to be replaced by civilian ones. At the same time, the deadlines for carrying out these activities were set extremely strict - by December 1, 2009. From the beginning of 2009, the department of the head of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy was once again renamed into Directorate of the Chief of Naval Aviation of the Navy, with a simultaneous reduction of the apparatus by 60%.

Already in the course of these so-called "transformations", it was planned during 2011 to have only one air base on each fleet (which itself became part of the corresponding "newly formed" district). The Naval Aviation of Russia has not known such a defeat since 1960 ...

Naval aviation commanders

In 1916-1923. The Navy aviation was commanded by: A.A. Tuchkov (1914-1915), B.R. Miklashevsky (December 1915, VrID), I.N. Dmitriev (July 1916 - July 1917), A. A. Tuchkov (July 1917), BA. Shcherbachev (August-October 1917), A.P. .), S.A. Lishin (March-November 1919, repressed), I.N.Dmitriev (September 1918 - June 1920), S.E. Stolyarsky (June 1920 - May 1921, assistant to the head of the VF of the republic for hydroaviation), M.F. Pogodin (April - September 1920), A.P. Onufriev (September 1920 - 1922).

In the period 1923-1935. the post of head of the country's Naval Aviation was abolished.

From 1935 to the present, Naval Aviation was commanded by:

V.K. Bergstrem (July 1935 - November 1937, repressed), Romashin (February-October 1936, VrID), F.G. Korobkov (January 1938 - June 1939, VrID) F. Zhavoronkov (June 1939 - December 1946), P. N. Lemeshko (March 1947 - December 1949), A. M. Shu-ginin (December 1949 - February 1950) , VrID), GSS E.N. Preobrazhensky (February 1950 - May 1962), GSS I.I. Borzov (May 1962 - August 1974), GSS A. Mironenko (August 1974 - July 1982), GSS G.A. Kuznetsov (1982-1988), V.P. Potapov (1988-1994), V.G. Deineka (1994-2000), I.D. Fedin ( 2000-2003), Yu.D.Antipov (April 2003-2007), V.P.Uvarov (2008-2009), N.V.Kuklev (January-August 2010, withdrawn) , GRF I.V. Kozhin (since August 2010, VrID).

Composition of the Air Force of the Navy in 1946

• VOK (four UAE), VMAU im. Stalin (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th UIAP, 6th UMAP), VMAU im. Levanevsky (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th UMTAP), 4th VMAU (1st, 2nd UMTAP), 19th MTAD (66th, 67th th, 68th MTAP), 65th OTAP (former 65th OAP Special Forces), 39th UAE NI;
• Air Force of the South Baltic Fleet;
• Air Force of the North Baltic Fleet;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF;
• Air Force Pacific Fleet;
• Air Force STOF (3rd AC SakhVF);
• AMVF Aviation;
• Aviation DnVF;
• Aviation DunVF;
• Aviation KchVF;
• Aviation CaVF;
• 3rd AG (BelVF Air Force).

Composition of the Air Force of the Navy in 1947-1948

Naval Aviation Controls - Moscow.

• Aviation Civil Code of the Navy;
• Air units of the Center and VMAUZ: Research Institute of AVMS (Riga), VOK (1st, 2nd UAP) - since 1948, VMAU im. Stalin (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th UIAP, 6th UMAP), VMAU im. Levanevsky (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th UMTAP), 4th VMAU (1st, 2nd UMTAP), 65th OTAP, 25th OIAE GCP;
• Air Force of the 4th Navy;
• Air Force of the 8th Navy;
• Air Force of the 5th Navy;
• Air Force of the 7th Navy;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF;
• AMVF Aviation;
• Aviation DnVF;
• Aviation DunVF;
• Aviation KchVF;
• Aviation CaVF;
• Aviation SakhVF;
• Aviation of the Belomorsky MOR (3rd AG);
• Aviation of the Vladivostok MOR;
• Aviation of the Kola MOR;
• Aviation of the Southern MOR;
• Aviation of the Port Arthur naval base.

Composition of the Air Force of the Navy in 1949-1953

Naval Aviation Controls - Moscow.

• VOK (2280th UIAP, 2284th UMTAP) - since 1951, VMAU im. Stalin (1685th, 1686th, 1687th, 1688th, 1689th, 1690th UIAP), VMAU im. Levanevsky (1681st, 1682nd, 1683rd, 1684th, 1885th, 2006th, 2015th, 2032nd UMTAP), 93rd VMAU (1580th, 1581st UMTAP) , 65th (ETAP, 1890th OAP SpN, 1950th IAP, GTsP (301st OMTIAE, 341st OMTAE, 25th OIAE - reorganized into the 9th AP LI);
• Air Force of the 4th Navy;
• Air Force of the 8th Navy;
• Air Force of the 5th Navy;
• Air Force of the 7th Navy;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF.

Composition of the Air Force of the Navy in 1954

Naval Aviation Controls - Moscow.

• TsLTKUOS (2280th UIAP, 2284th UMTAP), VMAU im. I.V. Stalin (1685th, 1686th, 1687th, 1688th, 1689th, 1690th UIAP), VMAU im. S.A. Levanevsky (1681st, 1682nd, 1683rd, 1684th, 1885th, 2006th, 2015th, 2032nd UMTAP), 93rd VMAU (1580th, 1581 -th UMTAP), 65th OTAP, GTsP: 1890th OAP SpN (former 9th AP LI);
• Air Force BF;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF;
• Air Force Pacific Fleet;
• Air Force STOP.

Composition of the Air Force of the Navy in 1955 G.

Naval Aviation Control Bodies - Moscow.

• TsLTKUOS (997th UMTAP, 999th UIAP), VMAU im. I.V. Stalin (954th, 955th, 956th, 958th, 959th, 963rd UIAP), VMAU im. S.A. Levanevsky (950th, 951st, 983rd, 992nd, 994th, 995th UMTAP), 12th VMAU (114th UIAP), 16th VMAU (115th UAP ), 93rd VMAU (933rd, 934th UMTAP), 65th OTAP, 986th OIAP SpN (former 1890th OAP SpN), 991st IAP (former 1950th IAP), 703rd OTAE;
• Air Force BF;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF;
• Air Force Pacific Fleet.

Composition of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy in 1956-1959

Naval Aviation Controls - Moscow.

• TsLTKUOS (997th UMTAP, 999th UIAP), VMAU im. I.V. Stalin (954th, 955th, 956th, 958th, 959th, 963rd UIAP) until August 1956, VMAU im. S.A. Levanevsky (950th, 951st, 983rd, 992nd, 994th, 995th UMTAP) until 1959, 33rd UTS (540th MTAP, 552nd MTAP, 555 -th PLSAP) since 1959, 12th VMAU (114th UIAP), 16th VMAU (115th UAP), 93rd VMAU (933rd, 934th UMTAP), 379th SAD (former 10th AG) (218th IAP SpN, 221st TAP), 918th OIAP SpN, 986th OIAP SpN, 111th OAEV GCP (since 1956), 277th OTAE ( ex. 65th OAP Special Forces);
• Air Force and Air Defense BF;
• Air Force and Air Defense of the Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force and Air Defense of the Northern Fleet;
• Air Force and Air Defense Pacific Fleet.

Composition of the Navy Aviation in 1960-1980

Naval Aviation Administration - Moscow.

• TsLTKUOS: (997th UMTAP, 999th UIAP; until 1961), 33rd PPI and PLS (former 33rd UTs): 540th MRAP (II), 552nd MTAP (until 1961) , 555th PLVP (II); 379th SAD (until 1961), 210th Guards. TBAP (in 1962), 299th KShAP (II), 327th OTAP, 400th OIAP SpN (formerly 365th OIAP SpN), 555th PLVP (II), 848th OSAP SpN, 986th OIAP SpN, 90th ODRAE OSN, 196th OSAE GTsP, 236th WIG division (since 1976);
• BF Aviation;
• Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet;
• Aviation SF;
• Aviation Pacific Fleet.

Composition of the Air Force of the Navy in 1980-1990

Naval Air Force Directorate - Moscow (until 1992).

• 859th UTs (Kacha); 33rd PPI and PLS (Nikolaev): 100th KIAP (II), 299th KShAP (II), 540th MRAP (II), 555th PLVP (II), 316th OPLAE, 327 -th OTAP, 11th OAG (former 236th ODN) ekranoplans;
• Air Force BF;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF;
• Air Force Pacific Fleet.

Composition of the Air Force of the Navy in 1991

Naval Air Force Directorate - Moscow.

• 33rd PPI and PLS (Nikolaev): 540th MRAP (II) (air. Kulbakino), 555th PLVP (II) (air. Ochakov), 316th OPLAE (air. Kulbakino);
• 1063rd TsBPKA (air. Saki): 100th KIAP (II) (air. Saki), 299th OMSHAP (air. Saki);
• 859th training center (air. Kacha)
• 327th OTAP (aero. Ostafyevo), 11th OAG (former 236th ODN) ekranoplanes (Kaspiysk).
• Air Force BF;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF;
• Air Force Pacific Fleet.

Composition of the Air Force of the Navy in 1994-1997

Naval Aviation Commander's Office - Moscow.

• 444th PPI and PLS (air. Ostrov), 240th Guards. OSAP (II), 859th UTs (air. Kacha), 327th OTAP, 400th OIAP Special Forces, 11th ekranoplane OAG;
• Air Force and Air Defense BF;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF;
• Air Force Pacific Fleet.

Composition of Naval Aviation of the Navy in 1998-2002

Office of the Naval Aviation Commander - Moscow (since 1997).

• 444th PPI and PLS (air. Ostrov), 240th Guards. OSAP (II) (Air Ostrov), 399th OTAE (former 327th OTAP) (Air Ostafyevo), 859th Training Center (Air Kacha), 4595th WIG BHR (Air Kaspiysk);
• Air Force and Air Defense BF;
• Air Force (MA) Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force (MA) SF;
• Air Force (MA) Pacific Fleet;
• Aviation and air defense OKVS.

Composition of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy in 2002-2008

Office of the Chief of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy - Moscow.

• 444th PPI and PLS (air. Ostrov), 240th Guards. OSAP (II) (air. Island); 46th OTAP (former 399th OTAE) (air. Ostafyevo), 859th training center (air. Kacha);
• Air Force and Air Defense BF;
• Air Force Black Sea Fleet;
• Air Force SF;
• Air Force and Air Defense Pacific Fleet;
• Air Force and Air Defense OKVS.

100 years have passed since the first victory of Russian naval pilots during the First World War. On July 17 (July 4, old style), 1916, four M-9 seaplanes from the Orlitsa aircraft carrier of the Baltic Fleet defended the Russian naval base on the island of Saaremaa (now Estonian territory) from a German air raid. Two Kaiser planes were shot down, Russian hydroplanes returned without loss.

Naval aviation- a branch of the Russian Navy, designed to search for and destroy the enemy, cover groupings of ships and objects from air strikes, as well as to conduct aerial reconnaissance.

Naval aviation is functionally divided into several types: naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine, fighter, reconnaissance and auxiliary purposes. Depending on the location, it is conditionally divided into deck-based and coastal-based aviation.

The Russian Navy currently has one aircraft carrier - the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov". It is based on:

carrier-based fighters Su-33, MiG-29K/KUB;

training aircraft Su-25UTG;

multi-purpose shipborne helicopters Ka-27, Ka-29 and Ka-31.

It is expected that Ka-52K Katran attack helicopters will be based on the cruiser in the near future. Projects of a promising aircraft carrier and universal amphibious assault ships-helicopter carriers are under development.

In service with the coastal aviation of the Russian Navy:

Tu-142 long-range anti-submarine aircraft (a modification of the Tu-95 strategic bomber);

anti-submarine aircraft Il-20 and Il-38;

fighter-interceptors MiG-31;

transport aircraft An-12, An-24, An-26;

helicopters Ka-52K, Mi-8, Mi-24, Ka-31 and others.

Fighter aviation

Russian carrier-based fighter of the fourth generation, developed for the Russian Navy in the Sukhoi Design Bureau under the leadership of Mikhail Petrovich Simonov, formerly known as the Su-27K (according to NATO codification: Flanker-D).

The first flight of the Su-27K took place on August 17, 1987, and on November 1, 1989, the Su-27K for the first time in the USSR took off and landed on the aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov.

Adopted on August 31, 1998, and since then it has been the main carrier-based aircraft of the Russian Navy.

The aircraft is controlled by one pilot, armed with a built-in 30-mm cannon GSh-30-1, guided air-to-air missiles, unguided rockets, and aerial bombs.

The maximum speed of the fighter is 2,300 km/h, the service ceiling is 17,000 meters, and the flight range is 3,000 km.

Of the 26 serial machines, 4 aircraft were lost in accidents.

Su-33s are part of the Admiral Kuznetsov cruiser.

MiG-29K/KUB

Russian carrier-based multirole fighter of the fourth generation, which is a further development of the MiG-29 (according to NATO codification: Fulcrum-D).

Deck-based fighters are multifunctional all-weather vehicles of the 4++ generation. Their task includes air defense and anti-ship defense of a formation of ships, strikes against enemy ground targets.

MiG-29K can be based on aircraft carriers capable of receiving aircraft weighing more than 20 tons, equipped with a take-off springboard and landing arrester, as well as on ground airfields.

The aircraft are armed with RVV-AE and R-73E guided missiles for air combat, Kh-31A and Kh-35 anti-ship missiles, Kh-31P anti-radar missiles and KAB-500Kr guided air bombs to destroy ground and surface targets.

The maximum flight speed is 2300 km / h, the service ceiling is 17500 m, the flight range is 2000 km.

It is planned that in the future the MiG-29K/KUB aircraft will form the basis of Russia's carrier-based fighter aircraft.

The MiG-29K/KUB fighters have been introduced into the ship's carrier-based aviation regiment serving on the cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, not instead of the Su-33 and Su-25UTG it has, but in addition to them and will be used in conjunction with them.

Attack and combat training aircraft

All-weather front-line bomber. Designed for delivering missile and bomb strikes against ground and surface targets, including at low altitudes.

The prototype (T-6) made its first flight on July 2, 1967. Adopted by the USSR Air Force February 4, 1975.

Serially built in 1971-1993 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Novosibirsk. In total, about 1400 aircraft were produced.

Maximum speed - 1400 km / h, practical range - 2850 km, practical ceiling - 11 thousand meters. Crew - 2 people.

Armament - a 23 mm cannon, on 8 suspension points the aircraft can carry air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles, unguided and corrected aerial bombs and projectiles, removable cannon mounts. It can carry tactical nuclear bombs on board.

About 120 modified units are planned to be replaced by Su-34s by 2020.

Su-25UTG

Training aircraft based on the Su-25UB combat trainer. It differs from it in the absence of sighting equipment, control system units, a cannon mount with a cannon, beam holders and pylons, engine armor screens, a radio station for communication with the ground forces, blocks and elements of the defense system.

The first flying model was created on the basis of the Su-25UB (T8-UTG1) in early 1988.

In 1989-1990, the first batch of 10 aircraft was produced.

In 1991-1995, the second and last batch of five Su-25UTGs was built.

Maximum speed - 1000 km / h, practical range - 1850 km, practical ceiling - 7000 meters. Crew - 2 people.

It is in service with the 279th naval fighter aviation regiment of the Northern Fleet, as well as the mixed wing of the 859th center for combat use and retraining of flight crews in Yeisk.

Anti-submarine aircraft

Anti-submarine amphibious aircraft (according to NATO codification: Mail).

In October 1960, the aircraft made its first flight, and since 1963 it began to enter service with the Navy aviation. Created in the Design Bureau named after G. M. Beriev.

The amphibious aircraft is equipped with a set of target equipment that allows you to search for and fight enemy submarines.

Maximum speed - 550 km / h, practical ceiling - 12100 meters, maximum flight range - 4000 km.

As of 2015, the naval aviation of the Russian Navy is armed with 7 Be-12 aircraft.

Anti-submarine aircraft developed at the Design Bureau named after S. V. Ilyushin on the basis of the passenger Il-18V (according to NATO codification: May).

The aircraft is intended for independent or joint with anti-submarine ships search and destruction of submarines, maritime reconnaissance, search and rescue operations and setting minefields.

Crew - 7 people. Maximum speed - 650 km / h, maximum flight range - 9500 km, practical ceiling - 8000 meters.

Armed with anti-submarine torpedoes, anti-submarine bombs and naval mines.

In 2015" Aviation complex them. Ilyushin completed a contract for the repair and modernization of five Il-38 aircraft to the level of Il-38N.

Tu-142

Russian long-range anti-submarine aircraft (NATO codification: Bear-F).

It is used for long-range ocean reconnaissance, visual or radio engineering, for duty in the search and rescue service system, and only then, for searching and tracking nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles.

The first Tu-142 was produced by plant No. 86 in Taganrog in 1975. The last Tu-142M3 aircraft left the assembly shop in 1994.

In total, in 1968-1994, about 100 Tu-142s of various modifications were manufactured.

Crew - 9 people. Maximum speed - 855 km / h, practical ceiling - 13500 meters.

Armed with explosive drop sound sources, torpedoes, anti-submarine aircraft missiles, anti-submarine and practical bombs, and naval mines.

For defense, a rear gunnery installation with two AM-23 or GSh-23L guns, as well as a set of radio countermeasures, is used.

The Russian Navy is armed with one squadron each in the Northern and Pacific Fleets.

In 2013, it became known that a new anti-submarine aircraft was being developed in Russia to replace the Tu-142M3.

Transport aviation

Military transport aircraft, developed in the design bureau. O. K. Antonova (according to NATO codification: Cub - "Youngster").

The first An-12 took off in Irkutsk on December 16, 1957. The aircraft has established itself as a very reliable aircraft, capable of operating in difficult climatic conditions and unpretentious in maintenance.

The aircraft was actively used for military purposes, in emergency situations, for transfer military equipment and personnel, also for passenger and cargo transportation, search and rescue of space objects, crews of manned spacecraft and aircraft in distress.

The artillery armament of the aircraft consists of cannon weapons PV-23U, which includes a DB-65U aft turret with two 23-mm AM-23 guns, an electrical system remote control turret and sighting and computing unit.

In addition, it can carry on board up to 70 high-explosive fragmentation or incendiary bombs of 100 kg caliber.

Maximum flight speed - 660 km / h, practical ceiling - up to 10,000 m, flight range - up to 5530 km.

Military transport aircraft, developed in the design bureau. O. K. Antonov (according to NATO codification: Curl - "Whirlwind", among the people - Humpbacked, Fantomas, Nastya, Nastenka).

It is a modification of the original An-24 model.

The crew of the aircraft - 6 people. It can carry on board 38 personnel or up to 30 paratroopers.

Maximum speed - 540 km / h, flight range - up to 2660 km, practical ceiling - 7300 m.

It can also be equipped with air bombs with a caliber of up to 500 kg.

Helicopters

Shipborne anti-submarine helicopter (according to NATO codification: Helix - "Spiral").

Designed to solve the problems of anti-submarine defense of the fleet based on ships of various classes, including aircraft carriers.

The helicopter is capable of detecting modern underwater and surface targets, transmitting data about them to ship and coastal tracking points, and attacking them using airborne weapons.

To destroy submarines, AT-1MV anti-submarine torpedoes, APR-23 missiles and PLAB free-falling anti-submarine bombs of 50 and 250 kg caliber can be suspended from the helicopter.

Crew - 3 people, maximum speed - 270 km / h, practical flight range - up to 900 km, practical ceiling - 5000 m.

A promising helicopter for naval aviation, which is being developed to replace the multi-purpose Ka-27, received the codename "Minoga".

Ka-52K

The Ka-52 is a multi-purpose attack helicopter, an upgrade of the Black Shark. Designed in Moscow design bureau JSC "Kamov"

Designed to destroy tanks, armored and unarmored military equipment, manpower and enemy helicopters in any weather conditions and at any time of the day.

Can provide fire support landing, to patrol and escort military columns.
The first flight was made on June 25, 1997. Serially produced since 2008.

Ka-52 is a helicopter with coaxial three-bladed rotors, two gas turbine engines, a straight wing, developed vertical and horizontal tail surfaces and a retractable tricycle landing gear in flight.

Ka-52K - ship-based helicopter.

The crew consists of two people. Maximum speed - 300 km / h, practical range - 1 thousand 160 km, practical ceiling - 5.5 thousand meters.

Equipped with a 30 mm caliber gun, guided and unguided missiles up to 2 thousand kg on 4 hardpoints.

According to Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov, the Ka-52, which demonstrated its high combat qualities during the Syrian campaign, has a serious modernization potential.

In 2015, Russia signed a contract with Egypt for the supply of 46 Ka-52 Alligator helicopters. They can also supply shipborne Ka-52K Katran, designed for Mistral-type helicopter carriers.