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In the summer, universities have a hot time - the admission of applicants. For high school students - the first adult decision, the first step into a new, adult life. Most schoolchildren cannot choose a university until the last moment. This causes anxiety, leads to another stress (the first is passing the exam).
The choice is made more often on the advice of parents, because they know better the abilities and preferences of the child. Sometimes parents put pressure on their child when choosing a university. Excessive persuasion and pressure will not lead to anything good, young people may make the wrong choice and drop out of school. Self-selection brings great responsibility for learning.
This awakening has been good for institutions because they can better prepare to compete with competence. Therefore, marketing provides the structure and tools for this event, as its planning and control guide the operations of the institution in the market in which it operates. The marketing industry of these companies, when analyzing their target audience can focus their strategies and gain a competitive edge.
Methodology is the operational definition of the study of variables, the choice of a methodological tool is directly related or related to the problem to be studied according to Boyd and Westpad. Therefore, it describes the research design to be used and defines the statistical or qualitative procedures used in the analysis of the information.
How can a student choose the right university? Many graduates decide on the direction simply - they choose what they like best. If they liked computer science at school, they choose programming, if mathematics is easy, they choose the Faculty of Economics.
So, conclusions: to choose a university, decide on future profession. You can become a doctor, policeman, accountant, banker, economist, lawyer, linguist. Or define a field of activity where you want to work. Depending on the chosen profession, select options for educational institutions. Choose several universities, this will help insure yourself against not entering.
The study is descriptive because, according to Boyd and Westphalia, it is intended to describe the characteristics of a given situation, and it is necessary to collect data for a specific purpose, including the interpretation of the researcher, will have a positive effect when comparing consumer choice factors Natal and Mossoro. According to Marconi and Lakatos, research has an exploratory effect, emphasizing the discovery of ideas and ideas, i.e. it is a study that will provide a better understanding of the phenomenon under study in order to more accurately delineate the issue raised.
Stages of education and forms of education
Before talking about universities, let's pay attention to the stages of higher education.
- Undergraduate. Training 4 years. The graduate receives a bachelor's degree - the basis of higher education. The bachelor's program prepares qualified specialists of the rank and file for executive positions. It also ensures the development of professionalism in the required volume to perform a number of general specialties or areas.
- Specialist. Education lasts 1 year after the bachelor's degree. A diploma is issued higher education specialist of a narrow specialization with a higher qualification.
- Magistracy. After the bachelor's degree, they study for another 2 years. The graduate receives a master's degree. This stage involves a deeper specialization, and graduates are able to solve more complex problems. specific area activities, engage in research and analytical work. The magistracy, for the most part, prepares scientific and pedagogical personnel.
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According to Marconi and Lakatos, “the universe is the totality of living or inanimate beings that represent at least one general characteristics". And the sample according to Marconi and Lakatos will be probabilistic and random in the universe, i.e. the sample can be submitted to a statistical treatment that allows for compensation for sampling errors and other aspects related to the representativeness and significance of the sample, for a total of 350 students divided by 264 in Natal and 86 in Mossoro.
It is important to note that the calculated sample was allowed for the share with an error of up to 5%. Data collection was conducted with first and second year students in the classroom, both on the campuses of Roberto Freire and Floriano Peixoto in Natal and Mossoro, in courses where courses are offered.
The form of education also depends on the capabilities of the student. Universities offer forms:
- Full-time education (full-time).
- Evening - part-time.
- Correspondence.
- Remote.
- External study.
When choosing a form of training, start from the ability to learn independently - this distinguishes these types from each other. On a full-time or full-time basis, the student is required to attend lectures daily, listen to the teacher. The external study allows you to arrive at the university at the appointed time and report on how the independent preparation went by talking with the teachers.
To systematically collect data on students in such a way that each student is uniquely identified by the provision for their inclusion in the administrative course of Natal and Mossoro Unpa, taking into account the proportionality of the sample in relation to the number of students in Natal and Mossoro.
Data collection was carried out by indirect observation, which will use a questionnaire or form. It was supposed to consider the data collected quantitatively, since it was indicated which treatment is offered to the data, as it is adequate for the purposes of this study.
It is clear with the levels of education and forms of education. Then decide which stage suits you, and it remains to choose the right university. Educational institutions are divided into:
- state (founder state),
- commercial (founders of individuals, foundations, public organizations).
Which university is better to choose is up to you. Much depends on the financial capabilities of the family, advice is inappropriate here. Consider one more factor: diplomas from state educational institutions are valued more than commercial ones. However, if we talk about the training of specialists, a number of non-state universities are ahead of the state ones.
After conducting research, data processing, the following results are determined through aspects related to the problem of this academic work. In view of the results of the study, we sought to define the profile of students in the administration course, indicate competitive differences in the organization, determine the reasons for preference, and analyze the selection process.
At this point, the profile of students of the administrative course of the institution was assessed in order to determine it using the variables: gender, age, marital status, study period and place of study at the university. With regard to sex, it is noted that the students of the administration course of Natalia, 56.4% are women, and 43.6% are men. It is also noted that in Mossoro, slightly more than half are women, corresponding to 60.5% and 39.5% of male students.
How should you choose a university?
Before you start choosing a university, weigh your options and consider how you passed the final exams. What is this for? To calculate whether it is possible to enter on a budgetary basis or have to pay tuition. In any university that has passed state accreditation, there is a certain number of budget (free) places. There are more such places in state-owned ones than in commercial ones.
It is noted that during the administration the majority are women, because in Natal and Mossoro the existing population more women than men. While in Mossoro the majority of students are over 26, with a representation of 30.2%. Table 2: Distribution by age.
Campus Natal has multiple courses, more infrastructure and more years of existence, providing young man the desire to become part of this institution as soon as possible, so that he could enter the labor market earlier and earlier. While in Mossoro most of them are over 26 years old, that is, a more perfect age, because the population must work first because of the needs, and only after that it must qualify for the third class.
The next step, we define several key criteria in the selection. Primarily:
- Cost of education.
- Cost of living.
The following factors play an important role:
- Reviews of familiar students.
- The geographical location of the educational institution.
- Infrastructure (well-equipped library, gym, hostel)
- Highly qualified teaching staff.
- Technical equipment of the university.
- Military Department.
- Perspectives after graduation.
12 ways to choose a university and a profession
Students in the course of administration are distributed according to marital status, 75% of students are single and 25% are married in Natal. The same happens in Mossoro - 74.4% singles surveyed and 25.6% married. Table 3: Distribution by marital status. Further, most of them are married students, as the trend now is to have professional success and then be their family.
The data collection focused only on the students of the first and second periods, who were consulted for the analysis of this study. As regards the course administration aspect, it is proposed to determine the motivations of the students' preferences according to the variables: the degree of satisfaction, the possible change of the course if it meets the expectations, and if the course will be used in professional life.
Detailed information about universities is available on their personal websites. Do not forget to carefully study the list of documents required for admission. Some guys choose USE subjects. In addition to the compulsory Russian language and mathematics, a student can take several elective exams, for example: physics, history, social studies, geography, biology, etc. You can choose a university that will enroll in a certain specialty in good results USE subjects optionally.
Students of the administrative course in Natal, the vast majority are satisfied, 67.8% of the students. Table 4: Distribution by degree of satisfaction. Shortly thereafter, it turns out that most of the Christmas is happy with the course of administration due to various ways meeting their needs. And in Mossoro they didn't say they were unhappy.
Since, according to Churchill and Peter, it is important to know how to motivate consumers for their satisfaction, therefore, Potiguar University is considered to motivate its students, since the results of this study show a high percentage of satisfaction.
On the websites of universities there is information about the approximate number of points for enrolling. Final information about passing score is formed on the basis of all submitted applications and the average score of those who passed the exam. This way of choosing is the easiest, so it is better to choose the specialty where it is interesting to study and you can fully express yourself.
Justification of the degree of satisfaction. At this point, the students were interrogated to prove the reason for the degree of satisfaction with the administrative course of the university puffer. According to Table 5, the majority of students in both Natal and Mossoro are more satisfied because the administration course is a good course, dynamic, current and satisfied with a representativeness of 39.7% in Natal and 51% in Mossoro.
Table 5: Distribution by justification of the degree of satisfaction. As in Mossoro, most students say they are satisfied because they also understand that their needs are being met. According to Santos, marketing is used as a powerful differential between companies succeeding in satisfying their customers, and over the years the way of communicating with customers has improved, in the face of this for more than 30 years, when the university it strives to satisfy its students, so this result was obtained from which most of the students are satisfied.
Commercial universities
- Is there state accreditation, what is the material and technical condition, are there modern forms and methods of the educational process, and how well known are the teachers.
- Availability of partnership agreements with well-known universities in the country or abroad. This indicates a high level of educational institution.
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In this question, respondents were asked if Pontiguar University offered them the opportunity to change course in the same area at the institution itself if they changed course. Note that in Natal, 70.5% of the students chose to stay, i.e. not change course. In Mossoro, 73.3% also said they would not change course.
In this context, it is noted that soon all the students of Natalia and Mossoro claim that this is an excellent course, dynamic and current, and he is satisfied with the administration course. Table 6: Allocation by rate change. Thus, it is noted that when in Natal, as in Mossoro, students do not want to change course, that is, they are very satisfied.
Enrollment in commercial universities takes place in different ways. Some applicants are enrolled based on the results of the Unified State Exam, the results of competitions or subject Olympiads, others are enrolled after an interview, testing or after a comprehensive assessment.
It is important to emphasize that since the students are satisfied, they choose to remain in administration even if the university offers them such an opportunity. According to Churchill and Peter, the thoughts, feelings and actions of consumers and the impact on them that determine the change, in this case, the students chose in the main, rather than to change course, precisely because they are satisfied, as shown in this study.
As for the question of whether the course of the administration meets expectations, 56.8% of the students answered that yes, they fully comply, and in Mossoro - 67.4%. Natalia 41, 3% of the students answered that they did not fully meet their expectations, and already in Mossoro there is a margin of slightly less than 32.6% and do not correspond to 1.9% in Natal, and Mossoro did not choose.
There is no competition as such. Everyone who passed the selection, or who applied before the deadline, is accepted. Sometimes, with an increase in the number of talented applicants, the educational institution forms additional groups, and the acceptance of applications takes place in several stages.
Tuition fees are paid only after enrollment. There is no fee for participation in the entrance exams. Many universities allow fractional payments for the year, monthly payment is practiced, which is quite beneficial for the parents of the future student. Such a system is practiced mainly for girls, boys have to pay by semesters or annually. So you can guarantee a reprieve from the army.
Table 7: Distribution of expectations. It is noted that in Natal and Mossoro, students say that the administration course fully meets their expectations. According to Las Casas, the era of marketing was characterized by consumer orientation, that is, attendance to their needs or desires.
Before this statement, it is confirmed that the university has striven to meet the expectations of its students, from the moment it specialized, having the largest concept among private competitors, became international, and also created new postgraduate courses in administration.
Cost of education
The cost of training depends on the region of residence. In Moscow and St. Petersburg it is more expensive than in other Russian cities. In some cases, only children of millionaires can enter a Moscow university. Another factor that affects the cost is the saturation of the market with certain specialties, such as “accounting and auditing”. Statistics confirm that over the past 5 years there has been a decrease in pay for this specialty.
In the analysis of subjects related to the previously organized aspects of the course, there is an intimate relationship in the responses, showing consistency, when respondents report that they are mostly satisfied with the course, justifying that they find the dynamics of the course, they would not exchange the administration course for another, if there were opportunities.
The similarity of responses in the two areas studied also shows the consistency of the strategy used by the company. Checked that there was a representative index in Natal saying that the course met their expectations "in parts" and also in Mossoro, so there is some dissatisfaction with the course in front of this representativeness of the students.
Number of budget places
How many budget places are allocated by one university? The quota for budget places is determined by the executive authorities of the subject of the federation, together with the educational institution on a competitive basis. The higher the score when passing the exam, the more likely it is to enroll in state-funded places.
State universities conduct targeted admission of students, where there is a separate competition for places. Quotas are set at the federal level after agreement with the Ministry of Education and Science. The university trains specialists on a paid basis, concluding an agreement with a private or legal entity for tuition fees.
Training in professional life after the course of administration. In this question, the interviewees were questioned about the training that can be used in professional life after completing the course, and this is confirmed in Table 8, in Natal 82, 2% say that yes, the training will be fully used in their profession, after completing the course. In Mossoro, 84.9% also answered that yes, all training will be used in professional life.
Table 8: Distribution by training in professional life after the administration course. All students surveyed believe that the knowledge gained during the study period will be fully used in professional life. The fact that no student believes that the acquired knowledge cannot be used in professional life indicates that the course is current and complete.
State Universities
State educational institutions must comply with the mandatory educational standard that exists in our country, so they undergo state accreditation every 5 years.
A state university has significantly more free places, which are allocated from the municipal budget for especially talented students, taking into account the results of entrance exams. They have existed for a long time, because before all educational institutions were state-owned, and education was free. However, it was more difficult to enter due to high competition. With the advent of non-state educational institutions, competition has diminished. Currently, public universities have commercial departments, which reduces competition among applicants.
If you have graduated general education school and have chosen a profession for themselves, then we can say that the most important and difficult stage has already been passed. But after this, another no less difficult task arises - this is the choice of an educational institution in which you will learn the basics of your future work activity.
Let's try to answer the question that worries many parents and applicants who have not yet taken place - how to choose a university for admission: what you need to know, what levels of education are there, what forms of education and others no less important points and nuances. Let's explore each of options as carefully as possible so that parents and students can choose the best educational institution for themselves.
Levels of Education
Before choosing a university, let's designate the levels of institutions that are used in our education system.
1. General. This includes the education that every student in our country receives:
- primary (incomplete, 8 classes);
- basic (9 classes);
- complete / secondary (11 classes).
2. Professional (technical). This is such an education that allows you to get all the necessary skills in order to become a professional in a particular field:
- primary (schools, lyceums);
- secondary (colleges, technical schools);
- higher (institutes, universities, academies).
3. Postgraduate. This education allows you to get a degree in graduate school, doctoral studies, residency and adjuncture.
If you have not finished school yet and you have some doubts whether to go or not to go to grade 11 and how this will affect your next study (how many universities you can choose, points, specialties), then you should read the list below.
Opportunities after ninth grade:
- receive a full education by continuing education at school;
- submit documents to a lyceum or college (primary vocational education);
- study at a college or technical school and get a secondary vocational education;
- gradually receive primary and then secondary vocational education;
- continue to study after stage-by-stage training and apply to a higher educational institution.
After the end of eleven classes, the following opportunities open:
- step-by-step study and development of the necessary levels of vocational education;
- learning any of the above levels at once.
Before choosing a university, it would not be superfluous to note that the vast majority of young people prefer to finish 11 classes and apply to higher educational institutions. This is the most optimal and most popular option for obtaining vocational education. Let's talk about this option in more detail.
Levels of higher vocational education
Before choosing a university, you should know that until September 1, 2009, the Russian education system was one-level, that is, a student studies for five years at a university or institute and receives a standard (basic) diploma conferring him a certain specialty.
A little later, this system was modernized, and it was replaced by a three-stage training structure, somewhat similar to the Western one. Before choosing a university, consider it in more detail.
Undergraduate
After graduating from an educational institution (4 years), the graduate receives a diploma on conferring a bachelor's degree. This is a kind of base in higher education. Such a diploma allows you to prepare qualified employees in the socio-economic or industrial sphere, as well as provide special development in the amount necessary for work in general views activities in one direction or another.
Specialty
If a student additionally stays to study for one year, then at the end he will receive a diploma of a specialist. That is, a person who is able to train workers with a narrow specialization and higher qualifications. This option is considered optimal for most students: it is enough to choose a university in their specialty and unlearn five years.
Master's degree
Additional training for two years after receiving a bachelor's degree. The graduate in this case becomes a master. This option involves a deeper and narrower specialization in one direction or another. The master's program prepares people who are able to solve the most complex problems in any kind of activity: professional, analytical, research, etc. It also provides an influx of scientific and pedagogical personnel to universities.
Each of these levels is considered independent, and in order to continue studying, it is necessary to pass exams. You can choose a university based on scores or based on the results of the unified state exam. In any case, after you receive a specialist or master's degree, you will have the opportunity to continue to receive education (postgraduate).
Along with the above structure, the usual system of obtaining a specialty, for example, in medical programs, remains.
Form of study
So, you graduated from high school, and you are faced with the task of choosing a university based on the Unified State Examination or on points. To begin with, it does not hurt to decide for yourself which form suits you.
Today's universities offer the following:
- full-time (daytime);
- part-time (evening);
- correspondence;
- computer (remote);
- fast (external).
Here the main selection criterion is your individual ability to learn independently. If you choose the full-time form, it requires the student to attend daily classes and take notes from teachers' lectures. While the external means the independent collection and systematization of the necessary educational material with a corresponding report on the acquired knowledge at the end of the semester.
Most often, correspondence and distance learning is chosen by students who are going to work in parallel with their studies. Labor activity and simultaneous training is certainly good, but third-party employment does not always help in mastering the profession. Therefore, here you need to be careful, sometimes it’s better to deny yourself extra income, but successfully finish the semester. Sometimes the employer makes concessions, offering part-time students additional holidays, shorter weeks and other benefits (naturally at their own expense).
University groups
According to their legal form, all universities can be conditionally divided into two large groups are municipal and non-state.
Which educational institution to choose depends only on you and on your financial capabilities. In municipal universities it is possible to apply for free education (budgetary), while in non-state institutions this is an extremely rare occurrence.
As for the quality of education, the diplomas of state institutions are valued much higher. Many factors play a key role here, and one of them is the raw curriculum in private universities. However, the fact that non-governmental institutions are more deeply studying some industries ( foreign languages, IT-technologies, etc.), makes them very attractive for narrow specialists.
Summarizing
You need to clearly understand for yourself that the chances of entering a higher educational institution directly depend on your preparedness, so you should not rely on “maybe”, but carefully analyze your capabilities and weigh all the pros and cons.
And remember the main thing is that your future life will depend on your decision. Do not choose a university at random or because a friend advised you. Think about whether you are willing to spend four or more years mastering a profession that you will no longer enjoy in the second year of study.
