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The sphere of gas and oil production in Russia is especially popular. No wonder that big number people want to work in this particular area. What is the oil and gas business? What kind of profession can be carried out here? The answers to these and many other questions can be found in the presented article.
general characteristics
For a long time no one denies the fact that the most profitable and relevant area in the territory Russian Federation is the oil and gas business. What profession stands out here? Despite the wide variety of various specialties, qualifications and categories, almost any worker operating in the oil and gas industry is called an oil technologist.
I must say that this profession is incredibly popular among applicants. Attracts and high-quality prospects for career growth. Do not forget about the constant scientific developments that allow you to regularly improve your professional level.
What is the profession?
Oil and gas business: what is this area? The specialty of an oil technologist has many subspecies and categories. Accordingly, labor duties in different places may not be the same. But in most cases, this is usually installation, repair or adjustment, maintenance of oil or gas wells, etc.
It should be noted right away that the labor activity of an oilman is not associated with a comfortable office and a large amount of documentation. Not only is it carried out in remote places of the country, but also all work is carried out in not the most best conditions. But there are exceptions. As already mentioned, the direction of "oil and gas business" is considered to be a very wide area. What kind of profession for a girl or representatives of bureaucratic production can be singled out here? Despite the remaining note in the work book about the specialty of a technologist, some work can be carried out "on the shore". So, specialists can work in the field of organizing teams, monitoring labor protection, etc. professional activity there is a lot here, and therefore everyone can find the most suitable job for themselves.
Professional Features
What is the oil and gas business? What kind of profession and its description - all this information will be the best way compiled by considering the main functions of workers involved in the gas and oil industry.
If we talk about the most common competencies inherent in almost all oil and gas specialists, then the following points should be highlighted here:
- ensuring efficient and reliable operation of all available equipment;
- control over automated and technological processes;
- carrying out the necessary calculations and drawing up technological plans;
- implementation of drilling, preparation, production, transportation and storage of products;
- carrying out diagnostic and maintenance work;
- repair of equipment;
- research work.
Thus, the professional sphere under consideration is incredibly voluminous and wide. Each employee is required to perform a fairly large number of labor functions. A timely increase in the qualification category will only increase the load.
Education
It can only be learned in higher education. So, to obtain a specialty, it is necessary to complete 11 classes of schooling, and then pass the Unified State Exam. Most universities accept applicants who have passed such disciplines as specialized mathematics, Russian, as well as computer science and physics. In order to have excellent chances to enter a university in the specialty "oil and gas business", it is necessary to pass exams for 80-86 points.
Future technologists are able to train many universities in Moscow. But there are some regional institutions where there is an opportunity to get the desired specialty. Here is just a small list of schools:
- MGMU (Moscow machine-building);
- RSGRU named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze (MGRI);
- Far Eastern University of Communications;
- Moscow Institute of Transport - "oil and gas business".
Professions in today are very popular. That is why it is very difficult to enter some universities. It is necessary to work and study a lot - only in this way will it be possible to master the profession qualitatively.
Academic disciplines
As a rule, the term of study at the university in the specialty under consideration is 4 years. Thus, only four courses of study will help a citizen to obtain a bachelor's degree. However, it can also be obtained within five years; we are talking about students studying in correspondence, evening or mixed form of education.
What disciplines are included in the curriculum? Almost any university that provides an opportunity to receive education in the oil and gas industry has a curriculum with the following disciplines:
- hydraulics and oil and gas hydromechanics;
- fundamentals of qualimetry, standardization and metrology;
- automation;
- chemistry of oil and gas;
- fundamentals of thermodynamics and heat transfer;
- computer graphics;
- and some other training programs.
Required Skills
The learning process should form a number of useful skills and abilities in the future oil technologist. What exactly in question? In short, young people must possess a number of critical abilities, without which exercising labor activity in the area under consideration would be simply impossible.
Professional technologists must qualitatively design various kinds of schemes and plans. Any specialist involved in the oil and gas industry is obliged to take part in the development of various projects using modern computer technology. That is why it is worth highlighting the most important and useful skill for any technologist here: the ability to competently use software and computer technology. Without this, such an important area as the oil and gas business would not have been able to develop.
What is a profession without a number of such important skills as diligence, teamwork, patience, etc.? Any oil technologist must possess all these properties and character traits.
Professional perspectives
What prospects can workers have in the field of "oil and gas business"? What kind of profession can stand out here, and what features of career growth can there be? As a rule, all graduates of oil and gas universities go to work in their specialty. Any relevant enterprise is ready to employ people who have graduated from an educational institution. And yet, competition for vacancies remains quite high.
Young people can expect to get a job as a foreman, laboratory assistant, engineer or technician. Do not forget about the research direction, for which, however, it is necessary to complete a master's degree.
The career ladder is open to every diligent and hardworking worker. A representative of any specialty is able to raise the level of his professional qualifications in a timely manner.
Salaries
Many citizens are interested in the income of workers involved in the oil and gas business. What is the profession? The salary here varies a lot, and how big is it? All these questions are asked by applicants before entering the university. It is worth giving an answer right away: the minimum income of workers involved in the professional field in question is 40-50 thousand rubles. Timely advanced training and obtaining new ranks will help "raise" this figure to 70-100 thousand rubles.
A process engineer can receive about 60-80 thousand rubles, and Chief Engineer- about 100 thousand rubles.
Master's degree
What do those who choose the specialty "oil and gas business" study in the magistracy? What kind of profession can be obtained here as a result?
The entire process of studying in the magistracy is a high-quality research activity. And what prospects can expect graduates of the master's program? As a rule, this is work in oilfield services companies, as well as scientific laboratories - public or private.
Today, almost every Russian university that has an oil and gas specialty provides graduate education. Undergraduates are able to qualitatively master such scientific disciplines as geology, chemistry, geophysics, geodesy, etc.
Description
In the course of training, considerable attention is paid to the study of geological and physical and chemical disciplines, which form a list of competencies for future technicians that are necessary for the implementation of mineral processing activities. In addition, practical training is carried out at oil refineries, petrochemical enterprises, where students learn to apply their knowledge in conditions of practical, applied necessity, maintain important technological documentation, check the quality of work performed and organize working conditions for subordinate personnel. The block of managerial disciplines and the legal support of professional activity are also mandatory for all students to study.
Whom to work
The work of future graduates takes place as part of oil refining companies. The range of tasks of a technologist includes control over the production of oil and gas processing products: gasoline, motor fuel, lubricating oils. In most cases, a career as a process engineer involves an initial job as a processing plant operator and a gradual rise to a chief production technologist. A specialist with an advanced training profile can carry out organizational activity at the enterprise. The level of salaries of specialists is high, and in order to move up the career ladder, it is necessary to regularly confirm the level of qualification.
Oil became one of the most important strategic products of mankind at the end of the 19th century and has not lost its relevance to this day, despite the abundance of alternative sources energy. All branches of industry, without exception, and, as a result, the entire population of the planet depend on oil and its products.
Mankind has used oil since time immemorial, for example, as binding materials in construction, for embalming the bodies of the dead, as a combustible material, etc. However, it has become truly indispensable since the discovery of distillation, cracking and other options for its processing. Gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil, as well as many essential substances for the chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries are made directly from oil.
Description of the profession
Consequently, all professions related to the extraction and processing of oil are in great demand and highly paid. The demand for oil professionals is very high and is growing steadily with the expansion and development of this high-tech industry.
An oilman is a very broad concept, it includes a number of professions, from a worker in an oil field or an oil refinery to a top manager of a global corporation. Each specialty has its own requirements for candidates.
However, usually, when the term “oilman” is used in everyday life, they mean exactly a geologist who explores and develops oil and gas fields (these minerals often accompany each other).
Field exploration is a complex process that includes the actual discovery of an oil deposit, its analysis in terms of the complexity and profitability of production, and the conduct of survey and research work. The great complexity of exploration is due to the fact that each field is individual, and often it is necessary to apply unique methods that require high qualifications from a petroleum geologist, the ability to work in difficult conditions and make quick and correct decisions.
The first stage of exploration is the search for deposits by external, indirect signs. Such signs can be oil films on water, direct release of oil to the surface of the earth, traces of asphalt (oil oxidation product) on cracks in the rock, the smell of its light fractions, etc.
AT recent times high-tech geological exploration methods are actively used, geophysical research methods, for example, seismographs in combination with directed explosions, make it possible to study the shape, volume and location of oil reservoirs underground. After the initial determination of the location, reference drilling is carried out. An exploration well can reach several kilometers; extracted core is being investigated various methods, which show the composition and quality of oil from this field, the prospects for its further commercial use.
This is followed directly by oil production, which is produced by drilling wells. Drilling can be rotary and impact. In wells, oil is under high pressure, therefore, she herself gushes out of the wells. Over time, the pressure drops; for further oil production, water or gas is pumped into the reservoir (or both) to push it to the surface.
Hundreds of wells of different functionality can operate in one field - drilling, exploration, injection. All this requires a large number of highly skilled workers and specialists for maintenance. The extracted oil is cleaned of gas and solid impurities and enters the gas pipeline that connects the wells with oil refineries.
A specific method of oil production is offshore production. For this in coastal waters build drilling platforms, which are both stationary and floating, depending on natural conditions. Drilling vessels can be carried out at great depths, up to 3 km.
Oil refining - a complex of physical and chemical processes for processing petroleum feedstock into fuel, lubricants and raw materials for the chemical industry. It includes atmospheric and vacuum distillation, thermal and catalytic cracking, coking, reforming, isomerization, etc. Oil is used as efficiently as possible, production is practically waste-free.
Professional quality
As seen from the above short description process of oil production and refining, specialists of any level must have a high level of qualification, good education and at least basic knowledge of professional software. The higher the offered wage, the more serious the requirements for the applicant.
So, among the requirements we can distinguish:
Professional education. For workers - specialized secondary, for engineering and scientific personnel - higher education.
At least a minimum work experience in the specialty, experience in geological exploration and survey work.
High level of computer use, knowledge of geological modeling programs, AutoCAD, etc.
Technical knowledge of English language at a level sufficient to understand the documentation and literature in the specialty.
Willingness to travel, live and work in the field.
Applicants for leadership positions are subject to increased requirements, for example, experience in organizing geological parties, experience in working in non-standard conditions, deep knowledge of specialized software, the ability to make decisions quickly and clearly, strategic planning skills, and much more. Naturally, the responsibility of a manager is much higher than that of an ordinary oilman, which is reflected in his salary.
Advantages
The profession of a petroleum geologist is somewhat alluring and romantic. However, for some people, advantages can turn into disadvantages; however, the choice of activities in the oil industry is very high, and everyone can find a job to their liking. However, the lists of disadvantages and advantages will be almost identical.
Its main advantages:
Lack of routine in field work. The development of each new field is associated with trips to new places, the use of new research methods, and the adoption of non-standard decisions.
Constant business trips and moving, visiting new picturesque places, remote for many kilometers from the hackneyed tourist routes.
Frequent exposure to fresh air in environmentally friendly places.
A sense of belonging to a cause that is socially useful and important to many.
Flaws
There are no ideal professions; the oilman is no exception. Any romance can turn into difficult working conditions, constant fatigue and dissatisfaction with life.
The main disadvantages of the profession of a petroleum geologist:
The need to work in difficult field conditions. For many people, it is very difficult to work for a long time in uncomfortable conditions - living in a tent, eating in a field kitchen, etc.
Frequent business trips can lead to conflicts in the family.
Possible long periods of routine processing of data received in the "field".
Limited choice of jobs, because the number of oil producing and oil refining companies is small. As a result, competition in the labor market is very high.
Dangers associated with oil production. By and large, they are no worse than the dangers in any industrial enterprise.
Where to learn
Professions related to oil production and refining are very popular, therefore, there are many offers on the educational market for those who want to get the corresponding professions.
Leading Russian educational institution in the oil and gas industry is the Russian state. Branches of the university operate in Orenburg, Ashgabat and Tashkent. The university is at the forefront of science, its graduates easily find prestigious jobs in their specialty.
- (training of managers)
It is worth noting the joint master's program of Tomsk Polytechnic University and Scottish Heriot-Watt University. It includes training in two specialties - petroleum engineering and oil and gas geology. Most of the subjects are taught by Scottish teachers, diploma projects are defended before a commission from Edinburgh. Graduates receive an international diploma and have the opportunity to find a job in the world's leading oil companies.
As soon as someone says such words as oil and gas, people immediately have bad associations with something dirty, with a ruined environment. Hence the opinion of people about the lack of prospects for professions related to this type of activity.
Everyone knows that the energy problem is the most a big problem our century. After all, gas and oil reserves are becoming smaller every year, and we cannot yet replace them with anything. All scientists are trying to find a new source of energy, but so far the search has been fruitless. Let's take a look at some professions in the oil and gas industry.
Driller of operational and exploratory drilling of wells for oil and gas
This direction is very promising, in demand and appreciated both in Russia and abroad. Drillers participate in the testing of new wells, in the process of well workover. this work requires the exact implementation of all instructions. The equipment is very expensive, so it requires careful and careful attitude. It is very important that the driller has endurance and high performance.
Ecologists
These specialists study the state of water, land, air. They are trying to find explanations for the following facts: why rivers dry up, fish die. Industry experts monitor recycling radioactive waste. They are trying to find out the causes of natural disasters, find ways to minimize the impact of people on nature.
Geologist
Geologists study the structure and composition of rocks, looking for mineral deposits. The advantage of this work is that the work is creative, unconventional and highly paid. However, the geologist has to constantly conduct scientific research. This job is ideal for those who love to travel. Geologists must have excellent health, good endurance, a well-developed memory, and flexibility of thinking.
Engineer-chemist-technologist for oil and gas processing
A person working in this profession develops technical processes and monitors the control of their correct conduct. Engineer - chemist - technologist draws up technological maps and regulations, finds ways to improve production processes. An oil and gas processing engineer has the ability to work wherever there is oil and gas.
There are a lot of professions related to gas. This is not the easiest job, requiring good knowledge of the industry and, as a rule, good physical endurance. What makes a career in this industry attractive? This, of course, is a high salary, huge bonuses and a fairly significant social package. However, it is up to you to decide whether to tie your life or refuse such work.
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The graduate should be able to: ensure compliance with input and output parameters technological process production of products of oil and gas processing, petrochemistry; choose standard equipment; use reference and technical literature; calculate the operation parameters of the main technological equipment at the production site; carry out technical analysis and control for compliance with the quality of products and raw materials used; calculate the main technical and economic indicators of the production site, the technological process, taking into account resource-saving and energy-saving technologies; analyze and evaluate the state of industrial and environmental safety at the production site; use Information Technology in solving professional problems.
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The graduate should know: the main directions of development of oil and gas processing and petrochemical industries; classification of oils and commercial oil products; - variants of technological schemes of modern oil and gas processing plants; - rules for drawing up a flow diagram for the processing of petroleum raw materials; - ways of preparing oil for processing; - theoretical foundations and chemistry of technological processes; - primary distillation of oil; - thermal and thermocatalytic processes; - hydrogenation processes, production of oils; - requirements of standards for the quality of raw materials, commercial products, auxiliary materials, reagents, catalysts; - the influence of the norms of the technological regime on the quality and output of products; - reasons for possible deviations from the norms of the Technological regime, ways to prevent them and methods of elimination; - supply system and instruments for quality control of oil products; - the procedure for registration of design, technological and other documentation in accordance with the requirements of the ESTD, ESKD and other applicable regulatory documents;
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The technician prepares for the following activities: 1. Operation of technological equipment and communications. They control the efficiency of the process equipment, ensure the safe operation of equipment and communications during the process, prepare the equipment for various types of repair work. 2. Conducting the technological process at installations of categories I and II. They control and regulate the technological regime using automation tools, the quality of raw materials, the products obtained, the consumption of raw materials, products, reagents, catalysts, fuel and energy resources.
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3. Organization of the work of the unit's team. Organizes the work of the team and maintains professional relations with related departments, ensures the fulfillment of production targets in terms of production volume and product quality, complies with the rules of labor protection, industrial, fire and environmental safety. 4. Prevention and elimination of emerging production incidents. Analyze the causes of failure, damage technical devices and take measures to eliminate them, the reasons for the deviation from the process mode, develop measures to prevent incidents in the process unit.
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Characteristics of works. Maintenance of pumping units equipped with piston and centrifugal pumps with a total capacity of up to 1000 cubic meters. m / h of water, acids, alkalis, pulp and other non-viscous liquids, and pumping units for pumping oil, fuel oil, resin, etc. with pump capacity up to 100 cu. m/h Maintenance of pumps, pumping units in the field and on construction sites, as well as wellpoint installations with a pump capacity of up to 100 cubic meters. m/h each. Maintenance of vacuum pumping units for degassing coal mines with a total pump capacity of up to 6000 cubic meters. m/h methane-air mixture. Production of gas measurement. Regulation of the supply of water, oil and other pumped liquids. Draining and pumping oil and fuel oil from tanks and barges. Heating of liquid fuel when draining and supplying it to the place of storage or consumption. Purging of oil pipelines. Filter monitoring and cleaning. Performing simple electrical work at a substation under the guidance of a more highly qualified machinist. Maintenance of power and lighting electrical installations with simple switching circuits. Identification and troubleshooting of equipment. Keeping records in the journal about the operation of installations. Perform routine repairs and participate in more complex types of equipment repairs. Pumping unit operator
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Characteristics of works. Maintenance of pumping stations (substations, installations) equipped with pumps and pipe pumps various systems with a total capacity of over 15,000 cubic meters. m/h of water and pulp. Maintenance of pumps and pumping units in the field, at construction sites and at industrial water intakes with a capacity of over 5000 cubic meters. m/h of water each. Monitoring the uninterrupted operation of drive motor pumps, fittings and pipelines of the serviced area, as well as the water pressure in the network. Inspection, regulation of particularly complex pumping equipment, water pressure devices, control devices, automation and safety devices. Identification and elimination of the most complex defects in pumping units. Inspection and load testing of repaired equipment. Maintenance of power and lighting installations. Replacement of instrumentation. Maintenance of electrical equipment with automatic control of the technological process. Checking and troubleshooting electrical equipment. Shall know: device and equipment design of high power pumping units equipped with engines, pumps and pipe pumps of various systems; design and layout of antechambers, wells, pipelines and filters; automation and telemechanics of serviced equipment; methods for testing serviced equipment. Compressor unit operator
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Characteristics of works. Maintaining the technological process of superheating the vapor-air mixture of hydrocarbons or water vapor in accordance with work instruction. Evaporation, overheating of hydrocarbon vapors, water vapor, distribution of steam over sections of a superheating furnace, supply of fuel gas for heating the furnace, evaporation of condensate in waste heat boilers, purging of boilers from hardness salts. Regulation of the distribution of flows of vapors, hydrocarbons and water over the sections of the furnace, the temperature of the furnace, the pressure levels in the steam collectors with the help of control and measuring instruments, automation tools and according to the results chemical analyzes. Troubleshooting equipment and communications. Maintenance of evaporators, superheaters, waste heat boilers, steam collectors. Carrying out one-time analyzes for the content of hardness salts in steam condensate. Must know: technological scheme heating area; the arrangement of the main and auxiliary equipment, instrumentation, automation equipment; scheme of fittings and communications; physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons, water vapor, fuel gas; rules for regulating the technological process; analysis methodology. Overheating operator
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Operator of balance installations of the 4th category. Characteristics of works. Conducting the process of monitoring the operation of contact furnaces using balance installations in accordance with the work instructions. Preparing and assembling balance units, checking for tightness, sampling the contact gas through the condenser from the collector of the contact furnace, gas analysis and determination of the density of the condensate. Regulation of the gas and condensate flow rate, condensate density, temperature, vacuum, pressure with the help of instrumentation and according to the results of chemical analyzes. Troubleshooting equipment. Maintenance of gas clocks, gas meters, collectors, refrigerators, installations for flue regeneration gases. Sample selection. Keeping records in the production log. Shall know: the technological scheme of control over the work of contact furnaces; device of balance installations; physical and chemical properties of contact gas, condensate; process regulation rules; sampling rules.
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The driver of technological compressors is engaged in the movement of various types of liquids and gases through pipelines, while monitoring the pressure in the pipes. Of course, this position, like the work of any other compressor unit operator, is very important, since the specialist deals with compressor and pump units. What are the characteristics of this profession. What are the duties of a process compressor operator? First of all, this specialist monitors the health of equipment and communications. In case of detection of various kinds of breakdowns, it is the responsibility of the employee to eliminate them in a timely manner. If everything is in order with the state of the equipment, the driver must prepare it for installation and start-up. Further, with the help of automation equipment and instrumentation, the operating mode is adjusted. Accounts are also kept of transported electricity, gas, electricity, fuels and lubricants. The driver must carefully record all the necessary data in a special production log.
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Compressor unit operator Characteristics of work. Maintenance of stationary compressors and turbochargers with pressure up to 1 MPa (up to 10 kgf / sq. cm), with a supply of more than 1000 cubic meters. m/min. or pressure over 1 MPa (over 10 kgf / sq. cm), with a supply of over 250 cubic meters. m/min. each when operating on non-hazardous gases driven by different engines. Servicing of stationary compressors and turbochargers operating on hazardous gases with a pressure of up to 1 MPa (up to 10 kgf / sq. cm), with a supply of more than 250 cubic meters. m/min. or pressure over 1 MPa (over 10 kgf / sq. cm), with a supply of over 100 cubic meters. m/min. each. Maintenance of automated compressor stations with a supply of more than 100 cubic meters. m/min. Monitoring the operation of all equipment of the compressor station. Regulation of the technological process for the production of station products. Must know: kinematic diagrams and design of turbochargers of various systems and types, power equipment: electric motors, steam engines, internal combustion engines; compressor performance and power plants to them.
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Who to work? An oil and gas refinery technician knows how to get a finished product from crude oil - gasoline, motor fuel, lubricating oils. Operators are in demand at oil refineries and engineering companies. He establishes and controls the quality of the processes of purification, distillation and distillation of oil to obtain various fuels and raw materials. Oil refining processes are divided into primary and secondary. Therefore, one enterprise, as a rule, employs a fairly large staff of operators responsible for different areas. Outlook The technician starts as an operator of oil and gas processing plants. Over time, such a specialist becomes a senior operator. When moving to the next category, operators of technological installations for oil and gas processing processes take qualification exams.
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