Drive wheel BMP 2. Design features of power plants BMP, armored personnel carrier

The BMP-2 was created on the basis of the BMP-1 to further improve the combat characteristics of the latter. Development has been carried out at the ChTZ Design Bureau since 1972 (ob. 769) and at the KMZ Design Bureau since 1974 (ob. 680, 675). Adopted in 1980, the machine developed by the Kurgan plant, mass production started at KMZ since April of the same year. It was first shown to the general public at a military parade in November 1982. As of 1995, the BMP-2 was in service with the following countries: Russia, Algeria (230 units), Afghanistan, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Sierra Leone, Slovakia (93 units), Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Finland (110 units), Czech Republic (187 units), Sri Lanka , Yemen.
On the machines of the first releases, as on the experimental object 675, there were no smoke grenade launchers and a second machine gun was installed on the roof of the hull above the senior gunner's hatch.

The fundamental difference from the latter is the one installed on the BMP-2 new complex weapons. The fact is that with the help of the previous complex (73-mm gun, coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun and ATGM "Malyutka"), with great difficulty, fire missions were solved to defeat typical "infantry" targets - open, lying and especially sheltered manpower, lungs armored vehicles such as the American armored personnel carrier M113, light defensive structures, as well as repelling attacks from low-flying aircraft and helicopters. In addition, the experience of the combat use of the BMP-1 showed that the 2A28 gun does not provide effective fight with tanks and others armored vehicles due to lack of precision and short range shooting, and because of the low power of the action of ammunition at the target. Therefore, on the BMP-1, only ATGMs are practically used to defeat such targets.
The main armament of the BMP-2 is a 30-mm 2A42 automatic cannon mounted in a two-man rotating turret. A 7.62 mm PKT machine gun is paired with the cannon. The 9P135M (9P135M-1) launcher is located on the roof of the turret between the commander's and gunner's hatches. Thus, the weapons installed in the vehicle make it possible to fight against various targets, including tanks and combat helicopters.
The BMP-2 chassis with a six-support undercarriage is similar in design and technical characteristics to the BMP-1 chassis.
The combat crew of the vehicle consists of 10 people: a non-dismountable part (crew) of 3 people (the vehicle commander, who is also the squad leader, gunner and driver) and 7 paratroopers. The latter can conduct aimed fire from personal weapons through special loopholes.

The control compartment is located in the left front of the machine body. It contains workplace driver, equipped with vehicle movement controls, instrumentation, surveillance devices, communication equipment (A-3 tank intercom device - TPU). Behind the driver's seat is the workplace of one shooter. It is equipped with a loophole for firing from personal weapons (on the left side of the hull), TNP-165A and TNPO-170A surveillance devices, as well as an A-3 TPU apparatus.
The right front part of the machine body is occupied by the engine-transmission compartment (MTO). It is combined along the length of the machine with the control compartment. These compartments are separated by a heat and sound insulating partition, in which there are hatches for access to the MTO units. The engine, gearbox and planetary slewing mechanisms are combined in power block, and the radiators of the cooling system, engine lubrication system, transmission oil system, ejector and air cleaner - into the cooling and air cleaning unit. The latter is attached to the roof beams of the hull.

The fighting compartment is located in the middle of the vehicle. It occupies the turret and turret space in the hull. It houses the main and auxiliary weapons and their systems, as well as the workplaces of the commander (on the right) and the operator-gunner (on the left). Magazines with cartridges for a machine gun and a system that provides tape power to the gun with armor-piercing tracer and high-explosive fragmentation rounds are mounted on a rotating floor. ATGM stacks are installed in the turret space (one) and on the starboard side of the hull (three). The workplaces of the commander and operator are equipped with observation, aiming and weapon control devices. The commander has a R-123M radio station and an A-1 TPU apparatus. The operator has a control panel for the 902B smoke screen setting system. For internal communication, the A-2 TPU device is used.

In the aft part of the vehicle hull in the troop compartment, 6 shooters are located at their jobs. Each workplace has a TNPO-170A device for monitoring the terrain while moving "in combat", loopholes for firing machine guns (front) and AKM assault rifles (others). For the entrance and exit of the shooters in the stern of the car there are two doors. In each of them, a TNPO-170A device is installed, and in the left door there is also an embrasure for firing from AKM. In the roof of the hull above the seats there are two hatches for the exit of shooters when the vehicle is moving afloat, firing at air targets, observing the terrain on the march, emergency evacuation, etc. The troop compartment is divided into two parts (right and left) by a medium fuel tank and an electrical equipment container, which houses two batteries, electrical equipment units and a troop compartment heater. In the troop compartment, A-3 and A-4 TPU devices are used for internal communication. The R-126 radio station is located in the niche of the right door.
The 30 mm 2A42 automatic cannon has a dual-ribbon feed. The fire from it is carried out by armor-piercing, high-explosive-incendiary fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells. Two rates of fire are provided - small (200-300 rds / min) and large (at least 550 rds / min). Sighting ranges for ground targets are 2000 for armor-piercing and 4000 m for other types of projectiles. Air targets flying at subsonic speeds at altitudes (ranges) up to 2000-2500 m can be hit. Ammunition for the gun is 500 rounds, 160 of which are armor-piercing tracer. A 7.62 mm PKT machine gun is paired with the cannon. The maximum effective range of firing from it is 2000 m. The machine gun is powered by a belt, the rate of fire is 700-800 rounds per minute.

	1 - tool; 2 - engine; 3 - generator; 4 - viewing device of the driver; 5 - machine gun; 6 - BMP gunner's viewing device; 7 - grenade launcher setting a smoke screen; 8 - fuel tank; 9 - battery compartment; 10 - fuel tank; 11 - ice rink; 12 - landing seats; 13 - tower fencing; 14 - gunner's seat; 15 - arrow seat; 16 - driver's seat; 17 - filter-ventilation unit; 18 - steering wheel

The gun and the machine gun coaxial with it are stabilized in two planes. Electromechanical stabilizer 2E36-1. Aiming weapons at the target is carried out from the control panels of the operator-gunner and commander. The stabilizer has two main modes of operation - automatic and semi-automatic. The first is designed for firing from a place and on the move at ground targets. In this case, stabilization and stabilized guidance of the twin installation in the vertical and horizontal planes are carried out. At an elevation angle of about 35 degrees, the stabilizer automatically switches to semi-automatic mode, which is the main one when firing at air targets. In this case, stabilization and stabilized guidance are also performed in both planes, but with less accuracy. An auxiliary target designation mode is provided, designed to turn the turret in the direction of the target chosen by the commander, with a transfer speed of 30 degrees / s over the shortest distance.

The operator-gunner uses a combined (day and active-passive night periscope) sight with a magnification of x5.6 in the daytime system and x5 in the night one. When operating in active mode using the OU-5 illuminator, the range of vision of a tank-type target is 800 m. Since March 1986, instead of the BPK-1-42 sight, the BPK-2-42 sight with slightly higher characteristics has been installed. In addition to the BPK-1-42 sight, the gunner's workplace has 3 TNPO-170A periscopic electrically heated viewing devices and 1 TNPT-1 device. The vehicle commander has a 1PZ-3 monocular periscopic day sight with x1,2 and x4 magnifications, two TNPO-170A viewing devices and one TNPT-1. In addition, the commander has a combined (day and active night) binocular periscope device TKN-3B with a magnification in the day branch of 4.75-5.0 times and in the night branch of 4-4.2 times. The 1PZ-3 sight is designed to search for air and ground targets, track them and aim weapons at them. At the same time, shooting at ground targets can be carried out from a place and on the move, and at air targets - from a place.

To combat tanks and other heavily armored enemy weapons, the Fagot or Konkurs ATGM is designed, which can be used in machine and remote versions. Translation anti-tank complex from the engine version to the remote version is carried out by two crew members. A common element of machine and remote launchers is the 9Sh119M1 sight.
An important role in ensuring the high firepower of the vehicle is played by the weapons used by the landing arrows. These are 2 machine guns and 6 machine guns, 2 anti-aircraft complex 9K34 (instead of one of them, RPG-7 can fit), as well as 12 F-1 grenades. Ammunition for machine guns (4 boxes with belts of 100 rounds, 6 boxes with belts of 200 rounds and a box with 440 rounds) are placed in the combat and troop compartments. For the RPG-7 grenade launcher, there are 5 PG-7V grenades.
Defence from conventional means and weapons mass destruction It is ensured by the strength, rigidity and tightness of the armor structure - the hull and turret, as well as the use of special systems that make it difficult for shells to enter the vehicle and reduce the effectiveness of their impact.
The body of the machine is welded, made of rolled sheets of armored steel. Hull parts have different thicknesses and structural angles to provide the best protection against bullets, small-caliber projectiles, shell fragments and mines, as well as structural strength and rigidity. According to the configuration of the body of the BMP-1 and BMP-2 are close to each other. The greatest differences are in the design of the roof of the hull, which is associated with the installation of a much larger double tower on it. The latter has a conical shape, welded from steel armor plates. On the roof of the tower there are hatches for the commander and operator, holes for mounting sights 1PZ-3 and BPK-1-42, as well as supports for the ATGM launcher. There are rubber seals on the hatches, nests of all devices and the junction of the hull and tower (between the upper and lower shoulder straps of the ball bearing) that ensure the sealing of the internal space. A lining is installed on the roof of the hull in the troop compartment and on all hatch covers on the inside, which increases the protection of the crew from penetrating radiation.

Protection of the crew and landing force from radioactive dust, toxic substances and bacterial agents is provided by a sealing system for habitable compartments and supplying purified air to them, which includes a radiation and chemical reconnaissance device (PRKhR), a filter-ventilation unit, permanent and closing seals, actuators. The system has automatic activation with manual override.
The machine is equipped with double-acting fire-fighting equipment, consisting of 2 cylinders with the Freon 114V2 fire extinguishing composition, 4 temperature sensors in the engine compartment, pipelines and a control device. There is also a manual carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2.
The camouflage system includes a multiple-action thermal smoke equipment that provides the installation of an invisible (in the visible part of the spectrum) smoke screen 100-150 m wide, and 6 81 mm caliber smoke grenade launchers of the 902V Tucha system. The latter allow using 3D6 smoke grenades (weighing 2.4 kg) to install smoke screens at ranges of 200-300 m. In general, the protective characteristics of the BMP-2 are the same as those of the BMP-1.
The machine uses a 6-cylinder 4-stroke compressorless diesel UTD-2001 liquid-cooled with direct injection. Its power is 210...221 kW. The weight of the dry engine is about 700 kg. The total capacity of the fuel tanks is 460 liters. AT winter time winter or arctic, and summer summer diesel fuel is used. Specific fuel consumption at maximum power is 238 g/kWh. The lubrication system uses MT-16p, MTZ-10p or M-16IHP-3 oil. Refueling capacity systems 58 l. Specific oil consumption at a crankshaft speed of 2200 rpm no more than 10.9 g/kWh. To facilitate starting in cold weather, the cooling system has an injector heater with a fire-tube boiler, the engine is equipped with a non-injector flare heater (BFP) for intake air. The main way to start is to start with compressed air, additional - with the help of an electric starter. The valve automatic mechanism of protection of the engine against hit of water is provided. The valve is cocked to its original position by a manual drive.
The transmission is mechanical. The main clutch is multi-plate, dry friction, permanently closed. The gearbox is simple, with constant mesh gears, with synchronizers in second, third, fourth and fifth gears. Provides 5 forward gears and 1 reverse gear. When the slow range is enabled, the speeds are reduced by 1.44 times. Mechanisms of rotation are planetary, two-stage. Their slewing brakes and locking clutches are multi-disc, oil-on-ceramic friction lubricated. Stopping brakes tape, floating, double-acting, dry. Control drives: main clutch - hydraulic (when the engine is not running - pneumatic); gear shifting - mechanical with hydraulic serving in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th gears; planetary turning mechanisms - hydraulic with a follow-up effect on the friction clutches and brakes of the PMP; stopping brakes - hydraulic follow-up action (when the engine is not running - pneumatic); parking brake (left brake of stopping brakes) - mechanical. The mass of the gearbox with the main clutch, PMP, brakes and hydraulic drive is about 540 kg. Onboard gearboxes are planetary, single-stage. The oil used in them is MT-8p, TSZp-8 or MT-16p.

Caterpillar mover with front drive wheels. Caterpillars lantern gearing with rubber-metal hinges. Track width 300 mm, weight 625 kg (each). The drive wheels are welded cast with removable gear rims. Welded-cast guide wheels are installed in the aft part of the machine body on the cranks of the caterpillar tension mechanism. Support and support rollers are welded with rubber-coated rims. The weight of the track roller is 41 kg. To lubricate the track rollers, Litol-24 is used, while the supporting rollers are lubricated with MT-16p oil.
Suspension independent, torsion bar with double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers on the first, second and sixth suspension units. On the 2nd and 4th nodes, rubber ones are installed, and on the 1st and 6th - spring stops (stops of the rollers).

The BMP-2 is armed with a 30-mm 2A42 automatic cannon and a second-generation Konkurs mounted ATGM with a wired communication line, which ensures effective combat against similar-purpose vehicles and second-generation tanks, which form the backbone of the armies of most countries of the world.

However, analysis of development trends modern weapons shows that a number of basic characteristics, primarily of a guided projectile, require significant improvement. First of all, it is to ensure the defeat modern tanks equipped with dynamic protection. In addition, the firing range of the BMP-2

at night is 800 m, while most modern tanks and infantry fighting vehicles are equipped with thermal imaging surveillance devices with a range of at least 2000-2500 m. heavy losses time and the danger of hitting one of the crew members with fragments or small arms and cannon fire. A serious drawback of the weapon system (KV) of the BMP-2 is the impossibility of firing ATGMs on the move.

An important task is also the improvement of unguided weapons, which are more effective and economical when used in the near zone and when firing at manpower, however, its implementation in the standard BMP-2 is very limited due to the non-automated fire control system (FCS).

The task of increasing the firepower of existing BMPs, ensuring their superiority over all existing models, was solved in the Instrument Design Bureau with a minimum of re-equipment costs and in a short time (while maintaining the hull and internal layout of the turret) by equipping the BMP-2 ATGM of the third generation Kornet-E ", 30-mm automatic grenade launcher (AG)

AG-30, installation of a combined gunner's sight, a telethermal imaging target tracking machine and a ballistic computer with a sensor system. As additional element A panoramic TV sight is installed in the place of the commander. To increase the level of destruction of lightly armored vehicles, it is advisable to use the new Kerner ammunition with an armor-piercing sub-caliber projectile.

Of the entire range of targets for infantry fighting vehicles, except for heavily armored ones, there are a large number of targets, the destruction of which on the battlefield is a task of the same importance as the defeat of tanks. In this regard, increasing the effectiveness of firing a 30-mm automatic cannon against lightly armored vehicles and tank-dangerous manpower, which constitute a significant part of the enemy’s tank-dangerous fire weapons, is of paramount importance.

AUTOMATIC FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM

The use of a non-automated fire control system in the BMP-2 armament complex does not allow it to effectively deal with existing infantry fighting vehicles in modern conditions, as well as to hit tank-dangerous manpower in a timely manner. To eliminate this shortcoming, it is proposed to use a combined day-night sight with a laser rangefinder and an ATGM guidance beam channel, an automatic target tracking machine and a digital ballistic computer with a sensor system.

The gunner's sight provides firing of all types of ammunition not only at any time of the day, but also in conditions of limited visibility (haze, smoke interference). The sight has a modular design and includes:

Head mirror block providing independent stabilization of the line of sight with high accuracy;

Sight-rangefinder module with an optical system and a laser pulse rangefinder (frequency - 5 Hz);

Thermal imaging module providing a range of action on real targets up to 5000 m;

Information laser channel for guided missile guidance.

A video viewing device (VSU) is used to observe the thermal imaging image.

The use of a built-in laser rangefinder and a system of independent stabilization of the line of sight of the sight, the ability to automatically take into account more than 10 parameters of external conditions in a digital ballistic computer make it possible to reduce the total firing errors by 2-3 times, as well as to implement an effective algorithm for firing at air targets.

The target tracking machine can significantly reduce the influence of the gunner's qualifications and his psychophysical state on the result of firing, especially when using guided weapons.

As an option, it is proposed to use the commander's panoramic sight as part of the FCS, which provides an increase in the search capabilities of the crew and firing from the commander's seat with all types of weapons.

MODERNIZED FIGHTING COMPARTMENT

The modernization of the fighting compartment of the BMP-2 is as follows:

Installation of a combined gunner's sight in place of the BOD 2-42 sight with an independent system for stabilizing the line of sight and including sighting optical, thermal imaging and rangefinder channels, as well as a guided missile guidance channel;

Placement on the sides of the tower of armored launchers for ATGM "Kornet-E" for two missiles ready for launch, each with autonomous electromechanical drives for vertical guidance;

Installation of a ballistic computer with sensors for roll, position of the AP and PU;

Installation of a telethermal imaging tracking machine;

Installation of a 30-mm grenade launcher with an autonomous drive from the gun and a food store for 300 grenades, placed on back side armored cap;

Installation (at the request of the customer) of the commander's panoramic sight.

This provides:

Shooting day and night on the move with all types of ammunition by equipping the all-day SLA;

Reliable defeat day and night by guided missiles of modern and advanced tanks equipped with dynamic protection at ranges up to 5500 m, as well as small targets;

Increased rate of fire when firing ATGMs;

Elimination of the need to reload ATGM launchers during the battle, which increases the crew's survivability;

Reducing the influence of the psychophysical state of the operator on the result of shooting;

The defeat of sheltered and lying tank-dangerous manpower by equipping the 30-mm AG-30;

Increasing the probability of hitting various targets with an automatic gun due to the refinement of the SLA and the use of new armor-piercing ammunition.

The placement of new equipment requires minimal modifications to the tower. Elements of the armament complex are fixed on the body of a serial armored cap and can be installed at the bases of the BMP-2.

AUTOMATIC OBJECT TRACKING TELEVISION

The target tracking machine gives a fundamentally new quality to the fire control system - it provides the "fire and forget" principle. The person is excluded from the guidance loop, and accurate target tracking becomes a technically guaranteed feature.

JSC "KBP" has been working on automatic target tracking systems for more than 20 years and was the first in Russia to start developing an automatic target tracking system as part of the fire control system for armored vehicles. At present, the target tracking machine has undergone a large amount of testing and ensures stable operation in conditions of complex ground backgrounds. The automatic target tracking system developed by OAO KBP, taking into account the specifics of the use of armored personnel carriers (relief, background, interference), is the best and most developed.

The modern BMP weapon system is designed to conduct combat operations both on the offensive and in defense, and should ensure the destruction of a wide range of targets:

Openly located and sheltered manpower, equipped with a variety of anti-tank weapons (ATGM, RPG), both single and dispersed over the area;

Unarmored vehicles and weapons;

Lightly armored vehicles (infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers);

tanks;

means of air attack.

The use of the Kornet-E complex makes it possible to solve the problem of hitting armored targets equipped with remote sensing systems, including promising tanks, engineering structures such as pillboxes, bunkers, and ensures continuous fire support tanks on the offensive day and night.

The use of a universal 30-mm automatic cannon in combination with an automatic SLA makes it possible to effectively deal with unarmored and lightly armored targets, as well as repel attacks by helicopters and aircraft army aviation. At the same time, the effective firing range in comparison with the standard version is increased by 1.4-1.7 times.

A new property of the upgraded weapons complex (KV) of the BMP-2 is the ability to effectively defeat the manpower located on the defensive, as well as the terrain lying down and sheltered behind the reverse slopes. This is achieved through the use of an automatic grenade launcher with a high-explosive fragmentation grenade.

The use of a modern sighting system, including a combined gunner's sight and a commander's panoramic sight, makes it possible to dramatically increase the capabilities of the commander and gunner in detecting targets from a standstill and on the move, day and night.

The assessment of the technical level of the modernized BMP-2 CV was carried out in comparison with the standard BMP-2 CV in terms of the ratio of weapon potentials and the size of groups equivalent in combat power. Under the potential of weapons is understood the sum of the areas under the graphs of dependencies of the probability of defeat, multiplied by the ammunition load for each type of weapon. This indicator reflects the ability to fire from a place and on the move at various targets from heavily armored (tanks) to unarmored various types shells and the size of their ammunition.

Equivalent numbers are determined by the solution of combat missions by groupings of modernized or standard vehicles. Calculations of the effectiveness of the action of the groupings of the modernized and regular BMP-2 in battle showed that with an equal level of probability of completing a combat mission required amount machines can be reduced by 3.8 times. This is achieved due to a higher probability of hitting ATGM tanks, their larger ammunition load, effective shooting at night and an increase in the efficiency of the 30-mm automatic gun. Technical solutions, laid down during the creation of the modernized fighting compartment, make it possible to provide its advantages over the standard combat compartment of the BMP-2 in terms of armament potential by an average of 3.3 times.

The upgraded BMP-2 in terms of combat power reaches the level of the best modern BMPs. When firing from an automatic cannon at lightly armored targets, the upgraded BMP-2 is not inferior to the BMP M2 Bradley and has a clear superiority in terms of the ability to destroy tanks with a guided missile. As shown by the results of battle simulations, the indicated advantage of the upgraded BMP-2 in armament parameters ensures it wins a duel with the M2 Bradley in 62% of cases.

The mobility of an infantryman is one of the most important components in modern war. How quickly a soldier can get to the desired section of the theater of operations largely determines the result of the entire operation. After all, the art of war is the ability to concentrate one's forces in a certain place. Also has importance infantry firepower. In many ways, these functions in modern conflict are performed by an infantry fighting vehicle. Today, this armored vehicle is one of the most important types of armored vehicles.

At the moment, the main infantry fighting vehicle, which is in service Russian army is the BMP-2, which, in fact, is a deep modernization of the BMP-1 - the first vehicle of this class in the world.

Specifications BMP-2 model 1980

• Years of production - 1980-1990.
• Total manufactured - about 15,000 pieces. all modifications.
• Combat use - military conflicts of the second half of the 20th century, the war in Afghanistan.
• Crew - 3 people, landing - 7 people.
• Combat weight - 14 tons.
• Length - 6.74 m, width - 3.15 m, height - 2.1 m, ground clearance - 420 mm.
• Armament: 30-mm cannon (ammunition - 500 shells); four ATGM "Bassoon" / "Competition"; MANPADS "Strela-3" / grenade launcher RMG-7. 7.62 mm machine gun (ammunition - 2000 rounds).
• Armor thickness - 6-26 mm.
• Diesel engine, power - 300 hp
• The maximum speed on the highway is 65 km / h, afloat - 7 km / h.
• Cruising on the highway - 600 km.
• Overcoming obstacles: wall - 0.7 m, ditch - 2.5 m.

The history of the creation of the BMP-2

The first attempts to make an armored vehicle that would carry infantry after tanks were made at the end of the First World War. At that time, automotive technology was imperfect and slow, so this idea was abandoned for a while. She again became interested in the military before the start of the Second World War. It was clear to everyone that the coming conflict would be a war of mechanized formations that required mandatory infantry support.

The development of such machines was carried out both in Germany and in the USSR. The Germans created a half-track open armored personnel carrier that delivered infantry to the battlefield and could provide fire support to it. However, the most active work on the infantry fighting vehicle began after the Second World War, starting in the mid-50s.

The tactics of that time involved active use in combat operations. nuclear weapons. The military needed a vehicle that could protect the crew and infantry from damaging factors nuclear explosion.

In 1966, into service Soviet army BMP-1 was adopted - the first vehicle of this class in the world. The BMP-1 turned out to be mobile and maneuverable, the armor reliably protected the crew from fragments and small arms. The crew was protected from the effects of weapons of mass destruction. This car had excellent technical characteristics; a very successful diesel engine was installed on it.

The vehicle was armed with a 73mm Grom smoothbore cannon, a machine gun, and Malyutka guided anti-tank missiles.

The main problem of the machine was the insufficient level of its security. Sub-caliber shells, adopted by NATO countries, pierced the frontal armor of the BMP-1 from a distance of 1000 meters. The Bushmaster gun, which was installed on the main American Bradley infantry fighting vehicle, could hit the BMP-1 from a distance of 2000 meters. The side armor of the vehicle was even pierced by bullets of 12.7 mm caliber.

The armament of the BMP-1 also raised many questions. The Grom smoothbore gun was created on the basis of the SPG-9 grenade launcher and had a pronounced anti-tank character. It caused criticism: low firing range, low accuracy and small angles vertical aiming. In the initial period of operation, the ammunition load of the BMP-1 included only shells with a cumulative warhead, fragmentation ammunition was added later. To support infantry fire, the BMP-1 had only a machine gun, which was clearly not enough.

During the creation of the BMP-1 in the USSR, there was simply no small-caliber rapid-fire gun that could be installed on this vehicle. The automatic 30 mm cannon that could be used on this machine did not appear until the mid-70s. In 1974, work began on the modernization of the machine at the Kurgan plant, where the BMP-1 was produced.

The military, without much enthusiasm, looked at a possible reduction in the caliber of the gun. Tests were carried out, during which the 30-mm gun fired at the tank. She could not penetrate the armor, but the tank lost its combat effectiveness: the turret was jammed, all attachments were destroyed, the external fuel tanks caught fire.

We decided to make a new machine, which will be armed with a new weapon. In 1980, the new BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle was put into service. Initially, its production volume was supposed to be 10% of the BMP-1 production volume. But soon the war began in Afghanistan, which decided the fate of this armored vehicle. Even before the official adoption of the BMP-2, several dozen of these vehicles were sent to Afghanistan.

The BMP-2 automatic gun, which has high elevation angles, was the best suited for the conditions of that war. She could conduct effective fire at the enemy, who occupied positions on commanding heights. Almost immediately, additional screens were installed on the vehicle in army workshops to increase its protection against heavy small arms. A little later, this work began to be performed at the factory. So there was a modification of the machine - BMP-2D. The greatest losses of the BMP-2 in Afghanistan were from hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers.

Later, the BMP-2 took part in many more conflicts: in Iraq, in the North Caucasus, in Karabakh. The machine almost always showed its high technical characteristics, reliability and ease of operation. Numerous modifications were created on its basis, which usually differ in the weapon system and additional armor. BMP-2 is currently used in many armies of the world.

Device

BMP-2 is, in fact, a deeply modernized BMP-1. Both of these combat vehicles are 80% identical. The BMP-2 has the same layout as its predecessor. The engine and power compartment are in front, the control compartment is also located there, and the fighting compartment is in the very center of the vehicle. Behind there is a landing compartment that can accommodate six paratroopers. The entire aft part of the vehicle is occupied by doors designed for landing infantrymen.

The armor of the car is rolled, welded. The armor protects the crew and paratroopers from fragments, light infantry weapons and weapons of mass destruction. In the troop compartment, special loopholes are made, equipped with ball mounts, which allow firing from personal weapons. The landing compartment is divided into two parts by a fuel tank.

The main difference between the BMP-2 and the BMP-1 is the weapon system. On the new car installed automatic 30-mm gun 2A42 with 500 rounds of ammunition. Thanks to this cannon, which has a high elevation angle, the BMP-2 can fire at low-flying air targets. Rate of fire 2A42 - up to 550 rounds per minute. A machine gun was also installed on the BMP-2, and the Fagot or Kornet anti-tank systems could be used to destroy armored vehicles.

To install new weapons on the BMP-2, a new, more spacious turret was equipped. The gun is stabilized in two planes, such a device allows it to fire on the move. The tower is equipped with places for the gunner and the commander of the vehicle. Thanks to new, more advanced sighting devices and observation devices, now both the vehicle commander and the gunner can fire.

Compared to the previous vehicle, the number of paratroopers and their placement have changed. There can be six fighters in the landing compartment, there is one more place for an infantryman behind the driver.

The BMP-2 has a more advanced engine with a turbocharging system. The device of the chassis and transmission remained the same. A more advanced smoke screen installation system has been added, which consists of thermal smoke equipment and six Tucha smoke grenade launchers. The machine is equipped with a fire extinguishing system.

The installation of a new larger turret increased the weight of the vehicle, however, the BMP-2, like the BMP-1, can float. The speed of movement on the water is 7 km / h, the movement is due to the rewinding of the tracks.

Video about BMP-2

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BMP-2 is a Soviet infantry fighting vehicle that appeared during the modification of the BMP-1, which ceased to satisfy the army with combat characteristics. Development of the Object 675 began in design office Kurgan Machine-Building Plant in 1974, and in April 1980, an order appeared to urgently start mass production and begin deliveries to Afghanistan in the same month of the new machine.

It is interesting that the Object 675 was put into service and received the designation BMP-2 in October, at a time when it had been taking part in combat operations in Afghanistan for several months. This rush was largely due to General Zaitsev, who was confident in the need for new technology.

Device

The BMP-2 is quite similar to its predecessor, the turret and weapon system are really very different. The vehicle is designed for a crew of 3 and 7 paratroopers.

The body is protected only from bullets and fragments, the thickness of the armor reaches 19 mm. The driver is located in the front, to the left of the MTO behind the heat and sound insulating partition. Next is the shooter, who has at his disposal an embrasure, observation devices and means of communication.

The fighting compartment under the turret accommodates the gun power supply system, ATGM ammunition racks and machine gun cartridges.

The troop compartment in the stern is equipped with 6 places with loopholes for landing and two doors for loading. In case of an emergency, people can use 2 hatches in the roof of the hull. A fuel tank and electrical equipment are installed in the middle of the compartment.

The new cone-shaped turret is more protected, with frontal armor up to 23 mm thick. Inside are the commander and operator-gunner of the BMP-2.

The crew is protected from various external threats such as radioactive dust by lining and an automatic sealing system for habitable compartments, into which only purified air enters. There is also an automatic fire extinguishing system and thermal smoke equipment that allows you to put a smoke screen.

Armament

The BMP-2 gun is a stabilized 30 mm 2A42 with a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. It may seem strange to reduce the caliber, but there are reasons. The previous 73 mm gun was not capable of destroying tanks, which forced the use of ATGMs, while it was poorly able to defeat infantry, lightly armored vehicles and slow air targets due to low accuracy and firing range.

The 30 mm cannon performed well in tests, destroying all attachments and damaging the armor of the tank under fire, while possessing good accuracy and rate of fire. The rate of fire is more than 550 rds / min, the firing range is 2000 meters with armor-piercing shells and 4000 meters with high-explosive fragmentation-incendiary shells. Ammunition consists of 500 shells of 30 mm caliber and 2000 7.62 mm.

Like its predecessor, the BMP-2 has a Konkurs or Fagot ATGM on the roof of the tower, depending on the modification, with 4 missiles. For protection, 6 902V Tucha smoke grenade launchers were installed.

Thanks to this combination of weapons, an infantry fighting vehicle is capable of firing at enemy manpower, various vehicles, tanks and helicopters.

Mobility

The maximum speed of 65 km / h is provided by the UTD-20S1 diesel engine with a power of 300 hp. and liquid cooling. It is located along with the BMP-2 transmission in front, to the right of the driver, behind an armored plate, which makes field repairs and maintenance almost impossible. But the gearbox, along with the steering and clutch, are nearby and easily accessible.

The undercarriage is identical to the BMP-1 undercarriage and has six road wheels. Due to the front-engine layout, the BMP-2 has disgusting handling at high speeds and strongly nods off-road, which is why inexperienced drivers pierce shock absorbers and break torsion bars. A nice feature is the steering, which is a kind of steering wheel and allows you to smoothly change traction when cornering.

Combat use

For the first time, the BMP-2 appeared in combat in 1982 and showed the advantage of its 30 mm gun. Large vertical aiming angles made it possible to fight the enemy occupying dominant heights, and burst firing made it possible to successfully destroy infantry.

Later, the car took part in the Gulf War, meeting the American M2 Bradley and Abrams. There were losses on both sides, but several cases of tanks being hit in the aft compartment with subsequent fire are known.

The Chechen war turned into heavy losses for the Russian military, including the crews of the BMP-2, however, you should not blame the equipment for this.

Modifications

BMP-2D appeared immediately after the start of hostilities in Afghanistan, having received steel screens on the sides and an additional armor plate on the bottom of the hull.

BMP-2K- commander's version, equipped with additional means of communication and places inside with tables and lighting for staff officers. Visually determined by the second antenna.

BMP-2 with AGS-17 Flame- a small series of vehicles with a grenade launcher at the rear of the tower with remote control.

BMP-2 with BM Bakhcha-U- an experimental vehicle that received the Bakhcha-U combat module with twin 100 mm guns capable of launching guided missiles, a 30 mm automatic cannon and a 7.62 mm machine gun. It was possible to significantly increase firepower, but the landing force was reduced to 5 people, and the car itself stopped swimming.

BMP-2M Berezhok- modification used in Algeria and featuring another panoramic sight and 4 launchers ATGM Cornet.

Epilogue

The BMP-2 is in service with a huge number of countries and has participated in many armed conflicts over the years of its service. Despite some pronounced shortcomings, the car is popular with foreign customers, and will be used in domestic troops along with newer ones.

Design Description

Armored corps and turret

Armament

Means of observation and communication

Engine and transmission

Chassis

Modifications

Soviet

BMP-2 with AGS-17 "Flame"

Russian

BMP-2 with BM "Bakhcha-U"

BMP-2M "Berezhok"

Foreign modifications

Machines based

Operators

Modern

Service and combat use

BMP-2(Index GBTU - Object 675) - Soviet / Russian tracked infantry fighting vehicle designed for transportation personnel to the front line, increasing its mobility, armament and security on the battlefield in the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons and joint actions with tanks in battle.

The main difference from the BMP-1 is a larger turret and equipment with a different weapon system. The tower accommodates two people: the squad leader (on the right) and the gunner-operator. The main armament is an automatic 30-mm gun 2A42, manufactured at the Tula Machine-Building Plant. The BMP-2 was put into service in 1977.

History of creation

The machine was created as a result of the modification of the BMP-1. Work in this direction has been carried out at the Design Bureau of the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant since 1974 under the GBTU indices “Object 675” and “Object 680”. Also, the issue of upgrading the BMP-1 has been worked out at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant since 1972 under the symbol "Object 769". In 1980, a variant of the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant was adopted, at which mass production of the BMP-2 was launched.

Design Description

The crew of the vehicle consists of three people - a driver, a gunner and a commander. Also in the car is transported troops of 7 people who can fire through special embrasures from personal weapons.

Armored corps and turret

The hull and turret of the BMP-2 are welded from rolled steel armor plates with a thickness of 5 to 19 mm. The forehead of the tower is 23 mm thick.

In the left front part of the machine there is a control compartment, in which there is a driver's seat with the controls for the movement of the machine, observation devices and a means of communication. Behind the driver is the shooter's place, equipped with a loophole for firing personal weapons, as well as surveillance devices and communications equipment.

The engine-transmission compartment is located in the right front part of the machine, along the length of the machine it is combined with the control compartment and is separated from it by a heat and sound insulating partition. There are hatches in the partition for access to the MTO units.

In the middle part of the vehicle is the fighting compartment, which occupies the turret and turret space of the hull. The fighting compartment contains the workplaces of the operator-gunner and commander, as well as the main and auxiliary weapons. In the turret space there is a rotating floor, in which boxes with machine gun cartridges are mounted, as well as a belt feed system for the gun with armor-piercing tracer and fragmentation shots. On the right side of the hull there are three stacks with ATGM rounds, one more is located in the turret space.

The fighting compartment is located in the middle of the vehicle. It occupies the turret and turret space in the hull. It houses the main and auxiliary weapons and their systems, as well as the workplaces of the commander (on the right) and the operator-gunner (on the left). Magazines with cartridges for a machine gun and a system that provides tape power to the gun with armor-piercing tracer and high-explosive fragmentation rounds are mounted on a rotating floor. ATGM stacks are installed in the turret space (one) and on the starboard side of the hull (three).

In the troop compartment, located in the rear of the vehicle, there are 6 jobs for shooters. Each has a loophole for firing personal weapons. In the stern there are two doors for the landing. In the left door there is a loophole for firing from a machine gun. Also, for dismounting troops when moving afloat or emergency evacuation, there are two hatches above the seats in the roof of the hull. The troop compartment separates the middle fuel tank and the electrical equipment container, which contains the batteries, heater and other electrical units.

Armament

The main difference between the BMP-2 and the BMP-1 is the new weapon system. The reason for the replacement was the experience of using the weapons of the BMP-1, which could hardly cope with the task of hitting typical infantry targets, especially with enemy manpower lying down or covered. The problem was the fight against low-flying air targets, light armored personnel carriers, and due to the low power of ammunition, low accuracy and short range of the 2A28 gun, the fight against tank targets was not effective.

The main armament of the BMP-2 is a 30-mm 2A42 automatic cannon with 500 rounds of ammunition. The gun is paired with a 7.62 PKT machine gun with 2000 rounds of ammunition. In addition, to fight tanks, the BMP-2 has ATGM 9K111 "Fagot" or 9K113 "Competition" with 4 shots for it.

Also on the machine were installed 6 grenade launchers of the 902V Tucha smoke screen system for firing 81-mm smoke grenades.

Means of observation and communication

The driver's seat is equipped with surveillance devices and an A-3 tank intercom device. The gunner's position behind him is equipped with TNP-165A and TNPO-170A surveillance devices. For communication there is an apparatus A-3 TPU.

At night, the driver is inspected by the TVN-2 device (for the driver), which is installed immediately before leaving, instead of the front triplex. The range and viewing angles are not large (in complete darkness), therefore, what the driver is on the sides of the car cannot see, this is already the responsibility of the commander and gunner with a report via intercom. The equipment comes with the equipment, but is most often stored separately from the machine.

The workplaces of the commander and operator have observation and aiming devices. The commander's station is equipped with a R-123M radio station and an A-1 TPU apparatus. The operator has an A-2 TPU device for internal communication.

The gunners' workplaces in the troop compartment and the aft doors for dismounting are equipped with TNPO-170A devices for monitoring the terrain. For intercom communication in the troop compartment, A-3 and A-4 TPU devices are used. In the right door there is a radio station R-126.

For aiming, the gunner uses a combined sight (depending on the modification, either BOD-1-42 or BOD-2-42) with a 5.6-fold increase during the day and 5-fold at night. To work in active mode, an OU-5 illuminator is installed on the machine. In addition to the sight, the gunner has 3 TNPO-170A periscope devices with electrical heating, as well as 1 TNPT-1 rear observation device. Two TNPO-170A and one TNPT-1 devices, a TKN-3B binocular viewing device and a 1PZ-3 day sight were installed for the vehicle commander to search for air and ground targets and point weapons at them.

Engine and transmission

The car has two blocks. The first block is power and combines the engine, planetary rotation mechanisms and gearbox. The second is a cooling and cleaning unit, it combines the radiators of the cooling system, engine lubrication, ejector, air cleaner and transmission oil system.

The engine, gearbox and planetary rotation mechanisms are combined into a power unit, and the radiators of the cooling system, engine lubrication systems, transmission oil system, ejector and air cleaner - into the cooling and air cleaning unit. The latter is attached to the roof beams of the hull.

Engine 6-cylinder 4-stroke compressorless diesel UTD-20S1 liquid-cooled with direct injection. The maximum power is 210...221 kW. The total mass of a dry engine is about 700 kg.

power unit is conditionally located in the first block (it is also a compartment), in its very front part of the machine under the "ribbed" one. It includes a transmission that includes a gearbox, steering units, clutch. All this can be repaired in the field to one degree or another, since there is direct access. The engine, which is conventionally located in the second block (compartment), to the right of the driver, is completely closed and access to it is almost impossible without special equipment. The only way to the engine is blocked by an armored plate along with an ejector, right above it and without serious lifting equipment it is not worth even trying to make repairs. However, this situation was clearly thought out by the designers, if something happens to the engine, then the machine is not combat-ready and therefore requires major repairs, and it can only be properly carried out at a specialized place.

Engine repair is impossible in principle through the bulkhead hatches, and access is provided only for its scheduled maintenance. But they are especially used in the cold season, when the engine has already warmed up, and the temperature in the cabin is still not higher than outside, although the command "on the cars!" already entered. Here they save, the first portion of heat is received by the driver and the one sitting behind him, then those sitting in the tower and only then the troop compartment, with the condition that they travel for a long time and the aft doors do not often open. It should be noted that, in general, this compartment does not have much time to warm up, since the hatches close when a comfortable temperature is reached for the driver. After that, heating occurs due to partitions and heated air injected into the cabin.

Chassis

As a base, a chassis with a six-support undercarriage is used, the design and characteristics are similar to the BMP-1.

Despite the caterpillar drive, the car is quite fast and the speed of 65 km / h on the highway is clearly underestimated based on stable control, and at maximum speed the car becomes simply uncontrollable, caterpillar tracks and asphalt at this moment become similar to skates and ice.

Over rough terrain or a dirt road (if not similar to asphalt) it is impossible to accelerate more than 40 km / h, only because of the design features of the car, the entire weight of the engine and transmission falls on the nose, therefore, on bumps the car starts to peck, which in itself slows down the movement . Riding a snake, the only way not to lose the gained speed is when only one caterpillar hits the bump, and the other does not yet, as if bypassing it.

The vehicles of the BMP series use a unique steering, something between a steering wheel in an armored personnel carrier and levers in tanks, this is the so-called "steering wheel" (among themselves the crews call it a steering wheel), consisting of only two horizontal handles. With the same freedom of rotation as the steering wheel, this allows you to control the machine like a wheeled vehicle, with the only difference being that its deflection angle has its limitations. When turning it to the side, there is a smoothly uniform redistribution of traction to the tracks, this is what allows you not to pull the car when turning, as is usually the case with tracked vehicles, which ultimately adversely affects the rollers and tracks for them. After releasing it, the "steering wheel" itself returns to its original state. Therefore, force must be applied only when turning, and the horizontal position at this moment indicates that the machine is moving in a straight line. Thanks to this design, the control of the machine is greatly facilitated and such maneuvers, like a snake at speed, are smoother.

Modification of the BMP-2, differs from the base vehicle in the presence of the AG-17 "Flame" grenade launcher. The grenade launcher is mounted at the rear of the turret. Guidance is carried out remotely by the operator-gunner or commander. Ammunition is in a box with a tape for 250 rounds. Produced in the USSR in a small series.

BMP-2K

Created to control motorized rifle units. The car has an additional shortwave radio station, for long-distance communication a mast antenna is provided. Other characteristics are similar to the base machine.

BMP-2D

Developed in 1981 specifically for combat in Afghanistan. Main differences: armor was reinforced, steel screens were installed on the hull and an armor plate under the commander and driver. Because of what the mass of the car increased, and she lost the ability to swim. The maximum ford to be overcome is 1.2 m.

Russian

BMP-2 with BM "Bakhcha-U"

Experimental modification BMP-2. Developed in 1999-2000. The modernization was made in order to increase the combat power of the BMP-2 to the level of the BMP-3. However, due to the large volume of transportable equipment, the landing force was reduced to 5 people, and due to the increased mass, the ability to swim was lost. In fact, the car turned into a non-floating BRM.

BMP-2M "Berezhok"

Russian modification of the BMP-2. An additional panoramic sight has been installed. The location of the AGS-17 has been changed, 4 Kornet ATGM launchers have been installed. In 2005, a contract was signed with Algeria for the modification of 300 vehicles to the BMP-2M level.

Foreign modifications

BVP-2- BMP-2, produced under license in 1984-1987 in Czechoslovakia at the Podpolyansk stroyarne plant in Detva. Produced 344 copies.

Sarath- BMP-2, produced under license in India

BMP-2- modification of the BMP-2 for the Finnish army

Machines based

• BREM-4- recovery vehicle
• BMO-1- flamethrower war machine
• PRP-4- mobile reconnaissance point (artificial reconnaissance)

Operators

Modern

• Russia:
• Ground troops Russia - 5000 BMP-2 (of which 1500-2000 are in storage), as of 2012
• Marines Russia - about 150 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia - 1650 BMP-1, BMP-2 and BTR-80, as of 2012
• Azerbaijan:
• Azerbaijan Army - 33 BMP-2s, as of 2012
• Azerbaijan border troops - 168 BMP-1 / BMP-2, as of 2012
• Algeria - 304 BMP-2M with 9M113, as of 2012
• Angola - 250 BMP-1 / BMP-2, as of 2012
• Armenia - 5 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Afghanistan - a certain amount of BMP-2, as of 2010
• Belarus - 875 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Vietnam - 300 BMP-1 / BMP-2, as of 2012
• Georgia - 45 BMP-2s (1 in storage), as of 2012
• Jordan - more than 26 BMP-2s, as of 2007
• India - 980 BMP-2 Sarath and 250 BMP-2K, as of 2013
• Indonesia - 22 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Jordan - 31 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Iran - 400 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Iraq - a certain amount of BMP-2, as of 2010
• Yemen - 100 BMP-2s, as of 2012, according to other sources, 188 modernized BMP-2s were delivered from mothballing from Russia in 2004-2005
• Kazakhstan - 700 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Kyrgyzstan - 90 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Côte d'Ivoire - 10 BMP-1 / BMP-2, assessed as non-operational, as of 2012
• Kuwait - 76 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Abkhazia - 80 BMP-1 and BMP-2, as of 2007
• Sierra Leone - 4 BMP-2s purchased from Russia in 1992
• Tajikistan - 15 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Togo - 20 BMP-2s, as of 2012
• Turkmenistan - 930 BMP-1 / BMP-2, as of 2012
• Uganda - 31 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Uzbekistan - 270 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Ukraine - 1434 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Finland - 92 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Czech Republic - 181 BMP-2, as of 2012
• Sri Lanka - 49 BMP-2s, as of 2012
• South Ossetia:
• MChSIO South Ossetia- 80 BMP-1 and BMP-2, as of 2008
• Peacekeeping battalion "Alania" of South Ossetia - 22 BMP-2, as of 2008

Former

Service and combat use

• Afghan war (1979-1989) - the first vehicles arrived in 1982, where positive experience was gained in using the BMP-2 against enemy manpower.
• Gulf War - used by Iraqi troops during the attack on Kuwait and in the defense against the American army.
• Dispersal of the Supreme Soviet of Russia - used in 1993 during the October putsch. They fired bursts at the windows of the White House.
• First Chechen War - main losses Russian armored vehicles fell on combat vehicles infantry.
• Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict
• Second Chechen War
• Iraq War - used by Saddam Hussein's army. According to Russian author Sergei Suvorov, cases of destruction of M1A2 tanks of the US 23rd Mechanized Division were recorded (according to other sources, there was no division with this number among the American troops participating in the invasion). The cause was a fire in the engine compartment, which occurred when a line of armor-piercing tracer shells from the 2A42 gun hit the rear armor of the tank. According to US data, three US Army Abrams tanks were hit by 30mm BMP-2 cannons without any significant damage.
• War in South Ossetia (2008)