Plevako Fedor Nikiforovich biography briefly the most important. The meaning of plevako Fedor Nikiforovich in a brief biographical encyclopedia

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Fyodor Plevako was born on April 25, 1842. His parents were not married, so he was considered an illegitimate child. The young man was distinguished by remarkable abilities, mathematics was the easiest for him. Fedor sat all day long over books and without difficulty entered the Commercial School in Moscow. Alas, they failed to finish their studies - Plevako and his brother were expelled from educational institution as illegitimate. The father used all his connections to get his children admitted to the 1st Moscow Gymnasium. Then Fedor became a student at the law faculty of Moscow University. The teachers noted the young man's lively mind and predicted a bright future for him.

The young lawyer is quickly becoming one of the most sought after in Moscow. He was listened to with bated breath - Plevako, with his amazing oratorical gift, could convince anyone.

"His speech is even, soft, sincere."

He “adapted” the tone of his speech to the audience, appealing to both reason and feelings. Accurate images, conciseness and logical harmony - on the judicial platform, Fyodor Nikiforovich had no equal. However, he never prepared his speeches in advance. The audience was captivated by witty remarks, always said to the point. “The high-cheeked, angular face of the Kalmyk type with wide-set eyes, with unruly strands of long black hair, could be called ugly if it were not illuminated by inner beauty, which showed through either in a general animated expression, or in a kind, lion-like smile, or in fire and brilliance. talking eyes.

The audience was captivated by witty remarks, always said to the point

His movements were uneven and sometimes awkward; A lawyer's tailcoat sat clumsily on him, and his whispering voice seemed to run counter to his vocation as an orator. But in this voice there were notes of such strength and passion that he captured the listener and conquered him, ”wrote judge Anatoly Koni.

Postage stamp of Russia

This is how Anton Pavlovich Chekhov described the famous lawyer: “Plevako approaches the music stand, looks at the jury for half a minute and begins to speak. His speech is even, soft, sincere. Figurative expressions, good thoughts and other beauties are many sets. Diction climbs into the very soul, fire looks out of the eyes. No matter how much Plevako says, you can always listen to him without boredom ... ".

The lawyer participated in the high-profile case of the Morozov strike (1885). It was one of the largest strikes in history. Russian Empire. About 8000 thousand people became its participants. The authorities sent 3 battalions of soldiers and 500 Cossacks to suppress the strike. As a result, 33 people ended up in the dock, but they were acquitted by a jury. In his speeches, Plevako appealed to the feeling of compassion for the workers, exhausted by heavy physical labor. He has acted as defense counsel in labor unrest cases on several occasions.

Plevako, with his amazing oratorical gift, could convince anyone

Another brilliant speech by Fyodor Nikiforovich is connected with the rebellion of the peasants of one of the villages of the Tula province against the neighboring landowner, Count Bobrinsky. The rebellion was brutally suppressed, 34 "instigators" were put on trial. Plevako not only defended the defendants, but also paid them all legal expenses. The plight of the Tula peasants was proved by concrete figures. According to him, they lived "a hundred times harder than pre-reform slavery." "Poverty is hopeless,<…>lack of rights, shameless exploitation, leading everyone and everything to ruin - here they are, instigators! ”Said the lawyer.

Once, Plevako defended a saleswoman who violated the rule on trading and closed her shop 20 minutes later than what was required by law. Fedor Nikiforovich was 10 minutes late for the meeting. The prosecutor asked that the defendant be found guilty. “The defendant was indeed 20 minutes late. But, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, she is an old woman, illiterate, and does not know much about watches. We are literate and intelligent people. How are you doing with your watch? When the wall clock shows 20 minutes, the chairman has 15 minutes, and the prosecutor's clock has 25 minutes. Of course, Mr. Prosecutor has the most faithful watch. So my watch was 20 minutes behind, which is why I was 20 minutes late. And I always considered my watch to be very accurate, because I have gold, Moser, ”said Plevako. After his speech, the saleswoman was acquitted.

Abbess Mitrofania

Fyodor Nikiforovich also defended Mother Superior Mitrofania; She was accused of misappropriation of someone else's property. This case was widely reported in the press. The court ruled to deprive Mitrofaniya of her property and exile her to the Yenisei province, but her defenders succeeded in reducing the sentence of deportation to Stavropol. The outstanding lawyer died on January 5, 1909 in Moscow.

Plevako Fedor Nikiforovich (1842-1909) - one of the largest pre-revolutionary Russian lawyers, lawyer, court speaker, real state councilor. He knew how to convince and protect. In 1870 he graduated from the law faculty of Moscow University. Member of the 3rd State Duma from the Octobrist Party. A supporter of democratic principles of judiciary. For representatives of the legal professions, all Russians, the name Plevako has been and remains the embodiment of the excellent qualities of a lawyer, a defender of goodness and justice, who cares about the welfare and prosperity of the Fatherland.

Among the pre-revolutionary lawyers, it was Plevako who was distinguished by his amazing eloquence and impeccable mastery of rhetoric.

It was his speeches that are famous for the huge number of references to biblical texts, the constant study of which endowed Plevako with a sharp sense of the word and a very well-aimed and calm speech. Plevako's oratorical talent is still an interesting and insufficiently studied phenomenon. Plevako's judicial speeches were characterized by validity, calmness of tone, and a deep analysis of facts and events. It was not for nothing that Plevako received the following definitions: “great orator”, “genius of the word”, “senior hero”, “metropolitan of the bar”, etc. He enjoyed unlimited respect from both the intelligentsia and the common people.

Plevako was one of those pre-revolutionary lawyers who developed the foundations of Russian judicial rhetoric.

Plevako's participation in high-profile criminal trials is a separate topic for serious scientific discussion.

Only a part of the cases in which Plevako brilliantly participated:
The case of the Luthoric peasants;
The Zamyatnin case;
The case of Lukashevich;
The case of the Sevsk peasants;
The case of the workers of the Konshinskaya factory;
The Bartenev case;
The case of Maksimenko;
The Gruzinsky case;
Zasulich case.

Quotes Plevako

All famous lawyers of pre-revolutionary Russia left a deep mark not only in the history of law, but also in the history of literature. Them court speeches abound in expressions that are themselves aphorisms. Many expressions of pre-revolutionary lawyers are actively used in fiction and in journalism. And here in special series there are quotes from Plevako, which in certain circles have become aphorisms. Here is some of them:

"A swear word is an interjection of the folk language."

“Behind the prosecutor is the law, and behind the lawyer is a man with his own destiny, with his own aspirations, and this man climbs on a lawyer, seeks his protection, and it is very scary to slip with such a burden.”

“There are moments when the soul is indignant at untruth, other people’s sins, it is indignant in the name of the moral rules in which it believes, by which it lives, and, indignant, it strikes the one with whom it is indignant ... Thus, Peter strikes a slave who insults his teacher. There is still guilt, incontinence, a lack of love for the fallen, but guilt is more excusable than the first, for the act is due not to weakness, not pride, but to a jealous love for truth and justice.

Fragments from the legendary processes of Plevako.

"20 minutes"

At my fifteen minutes past eleven. Plevako turned to the prosecutor:

And on your watch, Mr. Prosecutor?

The prosecutor, obviously wishing to cause trouble for the defense counsel, replied with a sly smile:

It's already twenty-five past ten on my watch.

He could not know what kind of trap Plevako set up for him and how much he, the prosecutor, helped the defense.

The trial ended very quickly. Witnesses confirmed that the defendant closed the shop 20 minutes late. The prosecutor asked that the defendant be found guilty. The floor was given to Plevako. The speech lasted two minutes. He declared:

The defendant was indeed 20 minutes late. But, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, she is an old woman, illiterate, and does not know much about watches. We are literate and intelligent people. How are you doing with your watch? When the wall clock shows 20 minutes, the chairman has 15 minutes, and the prosecutor's clock has 25 minutes. Of course, Mr. Prosecutor has the most faithful watch. So my watch was 20 minutes behind, which is why I was 20 minutes late. And I always considered my watch very accurate, because I have gold, Moser.

So if Mr. Chairman, according to the prosecutor's clock, opened the meeting 15 minutes late, and the defense counsel appeared 20 minutes later, then how can you demand that an illiterate tradeswoman have best watch and better versed in the time than we are with the prosecutor?

The jury deliberated for one minute and acquitted the defendant.

"15 years of unfair reproaches"

Once, Plevako got a case about the murder of his woman by one man. Plevako came to court as usual, calm and confident of success, and without any papers and cribs. And so, when the turn came to the defense, Plevako stood up and said:

The noise in the hall began to subside. Plevako again:

Gentlemen of the jury!

There was dead silence in the hall. Lawyer again:

Gentlemen of the jury!

There was a slight rustle in the hall, but the speech did not begin. Again:

Gentlemen of the jury!

Here in the hall swept the discontented rumble of the long-awaited long-awaited spectacle of the people. And Plevako again:

Gentlemen of the jury!

Here already the hall exploded with indignation, perceiving everything as a mockery of the respectable public. And from the podium again:

Gentlemen of the jury!

Something incredible has begun. The hall roared along with the judge, prosecutor and assessors. And finally, Plevako raised his hand, urging the people to calm down.

Well, gentlemen, you could not stand even 15 minutes of my experiment. And what was it like for this unfortunate man to listen to 15 years unfair reproaches and the irritated itch of his grumpy woman over every insignificant trifle?!

The hall froze, then burst into admiring applause.

The man was acquitted.

"Remission of Sins"

He once defended an elderly priest accused of adultery and theft. By all appearances, the defendant had nothing to count on the favor of the jury. The prosecutor convincingly described the depth of the fall of the clergyman, mired in sins. Finally, Plevako got up from his seat. His speech was brief: “Gentlemen of the jury! The matter is clear. The prosecutor is absolutely right about everything. The defendant committed all these crimes and confessed to them himself. What is there to argue about? But I draw your attention to this. Before you sits a man who for thirty years has forgiven you for your confession of your sins. Now he is waiting for you: will you forgive him his sin?

There is no need to specify that the priest was acquitted.

"30 kopecks"

The court is considering the case of an old woman, a hereditary honorary citizen, who stole a tin teapot worth 30 kopecks. The prosecutor, knowing that Plevako would defend her, decided to cut the ground from under his feet, and he himself painted for the jury hard life client, forcing her to take such a step. The prosecutor even stressed that the criminal causes pity, not resentment. But, gentlemen, private property is sacred, the world order is based on this principle, so if you justify this grandmother, then you and the revolutionaries should logically be justified. The jurors nodded their heads in agreement, and then Plevako began his speech. He said: “Russia has had to endure many troubles, many trials for more than a thousand years of existence. Pechenegs tormented her, Polovtsy, Tatars, Poles. Twelve languages fell upon her, they took Moscow. Russia endured everything, overcame everything, only grew stronger and grew from trials. But now... The old woman stole an old teapot worth 30 kopecks. Russia, of course, will not withstand this, it will perish irrevocably from this ... "

The old woman was acquitted.

"I took off my shoes!"

In addition to the history of famous lawyer Plevako. He defends a man whom a prostitute has accused of rape and is trying to get a significant amount from him in court for the injury. Facts of the case: the plaintiff alleges that the defendant lured her into a hotel room and raped her there. The man also declares that everything was in good agreement. The last word for Plevako.

"Gentlemen of the jury," he says. "If you award my client a fine, then I ask you to deduct from this amount the cost of washing the sheets that the plaintiff soiled with her shoes."

The prostitute jumps up and shouts: "That's not true! I took off my shoes!"

Laughter in the hall. The defendant is acquitted.

"The Omen"

The great Russian lawyer F.N. Plevako is credited with the frequent use of the religious mood of jurors in the interests of clients. Once, speaking in the provincial district court, he agreed with the bell-ringer of the local church that he would begin the evangelization for mass with special precision.

The speech of the famous lawyer lasted several hours, and at the end F.N. Plevako exclaimed: If my client is innocent, the Lord will give a sign about that!

And then the bells rang. The jurors crossed themselves. The meeting lasted several minutes, and the foreman announced a verdict of not guilty.

The Georgian case.

The present case was considered by the Ostrogozhsky District Court on September 29-30, 1883. Prince G.I. Gruzinsky was accused of premeditated murder of the former tutor of his children, who later managed the estate of Gruzinsky's wife - E.F. Schmidt.

The preliminary investigation established the following. E.F. Schmidt, invited by Gruzinsky last. After Gruzinsky demanded that his wife stop all relations as a tutor, very quickly becomes close to his wife with a tutor, and fired him himself, the wife declared the impossibility of further living with Gruzinsky and demanded the allocation of part of her property. Having settled in the estate allotted to her, she invited E.F. Schmidt. After the partition, two of Gruzinsky's children lived for some time with their mother in the same estate where Schmidt was the manager. Schmidt often used this to take revenge on Gruzinsky. The latter had limited opportunities for meetings with children, children were told a lot of compromising things about Gruzinsky. As a result, being constantly in a tense nervous state when meeting with Schmidt and with children, Gruzinsky during one of these meetings killed Schmidt by shooting him several times with a pistol.

Plevako, defending the defendant, very consistently proves the absence of intent in his actions and the need to qualify them as committed in a state of insanity. He focuses on the feelings of the prince at the time of the crime, on his relationship with his wife, on love for children. He tells the story of the prince, about his meeting with the "clerk from the store", about his relationship with the old princess, about how the prince took care of his wife and children. The eldest son was growing up, the prince was taking him to St. Petersburg, to school. There he falls ill with a fever. The prince experiences three attacks, during which he manages to return to Moscow - "Gently loving father my husband wants to see his family."

“It was then that the prince, who had not yet left the bed, had to experience terrible grief. Since he hears - the patients are so sensitive - in the next room, the conversation of Schmidt and his wife: they, apparently, perekoresh; but their quarrel is so strange: it’s like they are scolding, and not strangers, then again peaceful speeches ... uncomfortable ... The prince gets up, gathers strength ..., goes when no one expected him, when they thought that he was bedridden ... And well. not good together...

The prince fainted and lay on the floor all night. Those who were caught fled, not even guessing to send help to the sick man. The prince could not kill the enemy, destroy him, he was weak ... He only accepted misfortune in an open heart, so that he would never know separation from him "

Plevako claims that he would not have dared yet to accuse the princess and Schmidt, to doom them to the sacrifice of the prince, if they had left, had not boasted of their love, had not insulted him, had not extorted money from him, that this "would be hypocrisy of the word."

The princess lives in her half of the estate. Then she leaves, leaving the children with Schmidt. The prince is angry: he takes the children. But here the unthinkable happens. “Schmidt, taking advantage of the fact that children’s underwear is in the princess’s house where he lives, rejects the demand with a curse and sends an answer that without 300 rubles a deposit he will not give the prince two shirts and two pants for children. and children, and dares to call him a man capable of wasting children's underwear, takes care of the children, and demands a 300 ruble deposit from the father. The next morning, the prince saw children in crumpled shirts. "My father's heart sank. He turned away from these talking eyes and - which father's love will not do - went out into the hallway, got into the carriage prepared for him for the trip and went ... went to ask his rival, enduring shame and humiliation, shirts for his children " .

Schmidt, according to witnesses, loaded the guns at night. The prince had a gun, but it was a habit, not an intention. “I affirm,” Plevako said, “that an ambush awaits him there. Linen, refusal, bail, loaded guns of large and small caliber - everything speaks for my idea.”

He goes to Schmidt. "Of course, his soul could not help but be indignant when he saw the nest of his enemies and began to approach him. Here it is - the place where, in the hours of his grief and suffering, they - his enemies - laugh and rejoice at his misfortune. Here it is - a lair where the honor of the family, and his honor, and all the interests of his children are sacrificed to the animal voluptuousness of a swindler.Here it is - a place where not only was his present taken away, his past happiness was taken away, poisoning him with suspicions ...

God forbid to experience such moments!

In this mood, he rides, approaches the house, knocks on the door. Door.

He is not allowed. The footman speaks of the order not to accept.

The prince conveys that he needs nothing but linen.

But instead of doing it legal requirement, instead of, finally, a polite refusal, he hears scolding, scolding from the lips of his wife's lover, directed towards him, who does not do any insult on his part.

You have heard about this curse: "Let the scoundrel leave, don't you dare knock, this is my house! Get out, I'll shoot."

The whole being of the prince was indignant. The enemy stood close and laughed so brazenly. The fact that he was armed, the prince could know from his family, who heard from Tsybulin. And the fact that he is capable of all evil - the prince could not help but believe.

He shoots. "But, listen, gentlemen," says the defender, "was there a living place in his soul at that terrible moment." “The prince could not cope with these feelings. They are too legitimate, these are for them” “The husband sees a man ready to desecrate the purity of the marriage bed; the father is present at the scene of the temptation of his daughter; and sacredness. It is not a vicious feeling of malice that rises in their soul, but a righteous feeling of revenge and protection of the violated right. It is legal, it is holy; do not rise it, they are contemptible people, pimps, blasphemers!"

Finishing his speech, Fyodor Nikiforovich said: “Oh, how happy I would be if, having measured and compared with your own understanding the strength of his patience and struggle with himself, and the strength of oppression over him by the pictures of his family misfortune that disturbed the soul, you would admit that he cannot be blamed for the accusation that is being raised, and his defender is all around guilty of insufficient ability to fulfill the task he has assumed ... "

The jury returned a verdict of not guilty, finding that the crime was committed in a state of insanity.

"Begin!"

From the memoirs of Plevako… Once a wealthy Moscow merchant turned to him for help. Plevako says: “I heard about this merchant. I decided that I would break such a fee that the merchant would be horrified. And he not only was not surprised, but also said:

You just win my case. I'll pay what you said, and I'll give you pleasure.

What is the pleasure?

Win the case, you'll see.

I won the case. The merchant paid the fee. I reminded him of the promised pleasure. The merchant says:

On Sunday, at ten o'clock in the morning, I'll pick you up, let's go.

Where so early?

Look, you'll see.

It's Sunday. The merchant followed me. We are going to Zamoskvorechye. I wonder where he's taking me. There are no restaurants here, no gypsies. Yes, this is not the right time for this. Let's go down some lanes. There are no residential buildings around, only barns and warehouses. We drove up to a warehouse. A man is standing at the gate. Not a watchman, not an artel worker. Got down.

Kupchina asks the man:

That's right, your degree.

I'm going to the yard. The little man opened a door. Came in, look and do not understand anything. A huge room, on the walls of the shelves, on the shelves of dishes.

The merchant escorted the peasant out, stripped off his fur coat, and offered to take it off for me. I undress. The merchant went to a corner, took two hefty clubs, gave me one of them and said:

Get started.

What to start?

Like what? Dishes to beat!

Why beat her? The merchant smiled.

Start, you will understand why ... - The merchant went to the shelves and broke a bunch of dishes with one blow. I hit too. Also broke. We began to beat the dishes and, imagine, I went into such a rage and began to break dishes with a club with such fury that it’s even a shame to remember. Imagine that I really experienced some kind of wild, but spicy pleasure and could not calm down until the merchant and I smashed everything to the last cup. When it was all over, the merchant asked me:

Well, did you enjoy it?

I had to admit that I did."

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One of the most famous lawyers in our history is Fedor Nikiforovich Plevako (1842 - 1908). He took part in the most famous processes of that time, including political ones, in particular, in the case of the Morozov strike of 1886.

Plevako was known for taking on the protection of both the rich and noble, and ordinary people, making no distinction between them and shining with his eloquence at trials for the poor no less than on high-profile cases. Stories about the trials involving Plevako have survived to this day, turning into funny and witty anecdotes.

I took off my shoes!

Plevako defended a man accused of rape by a prostitute. The woman demanded a significant amount for the injury. The plaintiff alleged that the defendant lured her into a hotel room and raped her there. The man said that everything was in good agreement. The last word for Plevako.

"Gentlemen of the jury," he said. “If you award my client a fine, then I ask you to deduct from this amount the cost of washing the sheets that the plaintiff soiled with her shoes.”

The prostitute jumps up and shouts: “It's not true! I took off my shoes!!!

Laughter in the hall. The defendant is acquitted.

15 years of unfair reproach

One day, Plevako got a case about the murder of his wife by one peasant. Plevako came to court as usual, calm and confident of success, and without any papers and cribs. And so, when the turn came to the defense, Plevako stood up and said:

The noise in the hall began to subside. Plevako again:

Gentlemen of the jury!

There was dead silence in the hall. Lawyer again:

Gentlemen of the jury!

There was a slight rustle in the hall, but the speech did not begin. Again:

Gentlemen of the jury!
Here in the hall swept the discontented rumble of the long-awaited long-awaited spectacle of the people. And Plevako again:
- Gentlemen of the jury!

Here already the hall exploded with indignation, perceiving everything as a mockery of the respectable public. And from the podium again:

Gentlemen of the jury!

Something incredible has begun. The hall roared along with the judge, prosecutor and assessors. And finally, Plevako raised his hand, urging the people to calm down.

- Well, gentlemen, you could not stand even 15 minutes of my experiment. And what was it like for this unfortunate man to listen for 15 years to unfair reproaches and irritated itching of his grumpy woman over every insignificant trifle?!

The hall froze, then burst into admiring applause. The man was acquitted.

20 minutes

Plevako's defense lawyer is very famous for the owner of a small shop, a semi-literate woman who violated the rules on trading hours and closed the trade 20 minutes later than it was supposed to, on the eve of some religious holiday. The court hearing in her case was scheduled for 10 o'clock. The court left 10 minutes late. Everyone was there, except for the defender - Plevako. The chairman of the court ordered to find Plevako. Ten minutes later, Plevako, without hurrying, entered the hall, calmly sat down at the place of protection and opened the briefcase. The chairman of the court reprimanded him for being late. Then Plevako pulled out his watch, looked at it and declared that it was only five past ten on his watch. The chairman pointed out to him that it was already 20 past ten on the wall clock. Plevako asked the chairman:

And how much is on your watch, Your Excellency?

The chairman looked and replied:

At my fifteen minutes past eleven.

Plevako turned to the prosecutor:

And on your watch, Mr. Prosecutor?

The prosecutor, obviously wishing to cause trouble for the defense counsel, replied with a sly smile:

It's already twenty-five past ten on my watch.

He could not know what kind of trap Plevako set up for him and how much he, the prosecutor, helped the defense.

The defendant was indeed 20 minutes late. But, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, she is an old woman, illiterate, and does not know much about watches. We are literate and intelligent people. How are you doing with your watch? When the wall clock shows 20 minutes, the chairman has 15 minutes, and the prosecutor's clock has 25 minutes. Of course, the most faithful watch belongs to Mr. Prosecutor. So my watch was 20 minutes behind, which is why I was 20 minutes late. And I always considered my watch very accurate, because I have gold, Moser.

So if Mr. Chairman, according to the prosecutor's clock, opened the session 15 minutes late, and the defense counsel appeared 20 minutes later, then how can you demand that an illiterate saleswoman have better hours and better understand the time than the prosecutor and I?

The jury deliberated for one minute and acquitted the defendant.

Absolution

Somehow one priest was tried for some offense. Plevako was asked before the court whether his defense speech was great? To which he replied that his entire speech would consist of one phrase.

And now, after the accusatory speech of the prosecutor, who demanded a decent punishment, it was the turn of the defense.
The lawyer stood up and said:

Lord! Remember how many sins your father has forgiven you in his life, so why don't we now forgive him a single sin?!!!

The audience's reaction was appropriate. Pop was acquitted.

Poor Russia!

One pillared noblewoman, being ruined, having lost her husband and son, deprived of her estate for debts, lived as a hostess with some lady, then rented a room, and since she did not have a kettle to boil water, she stole it in the market. And she was judged by the crown court (as a noblewoman).

The prosecutor, seeing Plevako, decided: “Yeah. Now he will beat for pity, for the fact that this is a poor woman who has lost her husband, gone bankrupt ... I’ll play on this too. He came out and said: “Of course, I feel sorry for the woman, she lost her husband, son, etc., her heart bleeds, he himself is ready to go to prison instead of her, but ... Lord, the crown court. The point is in principle, she swung at the sacred foundation of our society - private property. Today she stole a kettle, and tomorrow a wagon, and the day after tomorrow something else. This is the destruction of the foundations of our state. And since everything starts small and grows into a huge one, that’s why I ask her to punish her, otherwise it threatens our state with huge disasters, the destruction of its foundations.

The prosecutor broke the applause. Plevako comes out to his place and suddenly turned around, went to the window, stood for a long time, looked. Hall in suspense: what is he watching? Plevako came out and said:

“Dear Crown Court! How many troubles Russia has undergone: Batu trampled it with horses, and the Teutonic knights raped mother Russia, twelve languages, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, approached and burned Moscow. How many misfortunes Russia has endured, but each time she rose, rose like a phoenix from the ashes. And now a new misfortune: the woman stole the teapot. Poor Russia! Is something going to happen to you now?"

Hall laughed. The woman was acquitted.

Don't dare to believe!

One Russian landowner ceded part of his land to the peasants, without formalizing it in any way. After many years, he changed his mind and took the land back. Outraged peasants rioted. They were put on trial. The jury consisted of the surrounding landowners, the rebels were threatened with hard labor. The famous lawyer Plevako undertook to defend them. He was silent throughout the whole process, and at the end demanded that the peasants be punished even more severely. "Why?" - did not understand the judge. Answer: "To forever wean the peasants from believing the word of a Russian nobleman." Some of the peasants were acquitted, the rest received minor punishments.

The Omen

Plevako is credited with the frequent use of the religious mood of jurors in the interests of clients. Once, speaking in the provincial district court, he agreed with the bell-ringer of the local church that he would begin the evangelization for mass with special precision.

The speech of the famous lawyer lasted several hours, and at the end Plevako exclaimed:

If my client is innocent, the Lord will give a sign about it!

And then the bells rang. The jurors crossed themselves. The meeting lasted several minutes, and the foreman announced a verdict of not guilty.

Plevako, defending the defendant, very consistently proves the absence of intent in his actions and the need to qualify them as committed in a state of insanity. He focuses on the feelings of the prince at the time of the crime, on his relationship with his wife, on love for children. He tells the story of the prince, about his meeting with the "clerk from the store", about his relationship with the old princess, about how the prince took care of his wife and children. The eldest son was growing up, the prince was taking him to St. Petersburg, to school. There he falls ill with a fever. The prince experiences three attacks, during which he manages to return to Moscow - "Tenderly loving father, husband wants to see his family."

God forbid to experience such moments!

In this mood, he rides, approaches the house, knocks on the door. Door.

He is not allowed. The footman speaks of the order not to accept.

The prince conveys that he needs nothing but linen.

But instead of fulfilling his legitimate demand, instead of finally politely refusing, he hears scolding, scolding from the lips of his wife's lover, directed at him, who does not do any insult on his part.

You have heard about this curse: "Let the scoundrel leave, don't you dare knock, this is my house! Get out, I'll shoot."

The jury returned a verdict of not guilty, finding that the crime was committed in a state of insanity.

The Omen

The speech of the famous lawyer lasted several hours, and at the end F.N. Plevako exclaimed: If my client is innocent, the Lord will give a sign about that!

And then the bells rang. The jurors crossed themselves. The meeting lasted several minutes, and the foreman announced a verdict of not guilty.

30 kopecks

The court is considering the case of an old woman, a hereditary honorary citizen, who stole a tin teapot worth 30 kopecks. The prosecutor, knowing that Plevako would defend her, decided to cut the ground from under his feet, and he himself described to the jury the hard life of the client, which forced her to take such a step. The prosecutor even stressed that the criminal causes pity, not resentment. But, gentlemen, private property is sacred, the world order is based on this principle, so if you justify this grandmother, then you and the revolutionaries should logically be justified. The jurors nodded their heads in agreement, and then Plevako began his speech. He said: “Russia has had to endure many troubles, many trials for more than a thousand years of existence. Pechenegs tormented her, Polovtsy, Tatars, Poles. Twelve languages fell upon her, they took Moscow. Russia endured everything, overcame everything, only grew stronger and grew from trials. But now... The old woman stole an old teapot worth 30 kopecks. Russia, of course, will not withstand this, it will perish irrevocably from this ... "

absolution

There is no need to specify that the priest was acquitted.

15 years of unfair reproach.

There was in Russia, even in ancient times, the famous lawyer Plevako, who won almost all lawsuits. And then one day a case came to him about the murder of his woman by a man. Plevako came to court as usual, calm and confident in success, and
without any papers and cribs. And so, when the turn came to the defense, Plevako stood up and said:
The noise in the hall began to subside. Plevako again:
- Gentlemen of the jury!
There was dead silence in the hall. Lawyer again:
- Gentlemen of the jury!
There was a slight rustle in the hall, but the speech did not begin. Again:
- Gentlemen of the jury!
Here in the hall swept the discontented rumble of the long-awaited long-awaited spectacle of the people. And Plevako again:
- Gentlemen of the jury!
Here already the hall exploded with indignation, perceiving everything as a mockery of the respectable public. And from the podium again:
- Gentlemen of the jury!
Something incredible has begun. The hall roared along with the judge, prosecutor and assessors. And finally, Plevako raised his hand, urging the people to calm down.
- Well, gentlemen, you could not stand even 15 minutes of my experiment.
And what was it like for this unfortunate peasant to listen for 15 years to unfair reproaches and irritated itching of his grumpy woman over every insignificant trifle?!
The hall froze, then burst into admiring applause.
The man was acquitted.

One sin

Somehow one priest was tried for some offense. Plevako was asked before the court whether his defense speech was great? To which he replied that his entire speech would consist of one phrase. And now, after the accusatory speech of the prosecutor, who demanded a decent punishment, it was the turn of the defense. The lawyer stood up and said:
- Lord! Remember how many sins the father absolved you in his life, so why don’t we now absolve him of one single sin?!!!
The audience's reaction was appropriate. Pop was acquitted.

I took off my shoes!

In addition to the story about the famous lawyer Plevako. He defends a man whom a prostitute has accused of rape and is trying to get a significant amount from him in court for the injury. Facts of the case: the plaintiff alleges that the defendant lured her into a hotel room and raped her there. The man also declares that everything was in good agreement. The last word for Plevako.
"Gentlemen of the jury," he says. "If you award my client a fine, then I ask you to deduct from this amount the cost of washing the sheets that the plaintiff soiled with her shoes."
The prostitute jumps up and shouts: "That's not true! I took off my shoes!"
Laughter in the hall. The defendant is acquitted.

20 minutes.

The lawyer F.N. Plevako defended the owner of a small shop, a semi-literate woman who violated the rules on trading hours and closed the trade 20 minutes later than it was supposed to, on the eve of some religious holiday. The court hearing in her case was scheduled for 10 o'clock. The court left 10 minutes late. Everyone was there, except for the defender - Plevako. The chairman of the court ordered to find Plevako. After 10 minutes, Plevako, without hurrying, entered the hall, calmly sat down at the place of protection and opened the briefcase. The chairman of the court reprimanded him for being late. Then Plevako pulled out his watch, looked at it and declared that it was only five past ten on his watch. The chairman pointed out to him that it was already 20 past ten on the wall clock. Plevako asked the chairman: - And how much is on your watch, Your Excellency? The chairman looked and replied:
- At my fifteen minutes past eleven. Plevako turned to the prosecutor:
- And on your watch, Mr. Prosecutor? The prosecutor, obviously wishing to cause trouble for the defense counsel, replied with a sly smile:
- It's already twenty-five past ten on my watch.
He could not know what kind of trap Plevako set up for him and how much he, the prosecutor, helped the defense.
The trial ended very quickly. Witnesses confirmed that the defendant closed the shop 20 minutes late. The prosecutor asked that the defendant be found guilty. The floor was given to Plevako. The speech lasted two minutes. He declared:
- The defendant was indeed 20 minutes late. But, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, she is an old woman, illiterate, and does not know much about watches. We are literate and intelligent people. How are you doing with your watch? When the wall clock shows 20 minutes, the chairman has 15 minutes, and the prosecutor's clock has 25 minutes. Of course, Mr. Prosecutor has the most faithful watch. So my watch was 20 minutes behind, which is why I was 20 minutes late. And I always considered my watch very accurate, because I have gold, Moser.
So if Mr. Chairman, according to the prosecutor's clock, opened the session 15 minutes late, and the defense counsel appeared 20 minutes later, then how can you demand that an illiterate saleswoman have better hours and better understand the time than the prosecutor and I?
The jury deliberated for one minute and acquitted the defendant.

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From the memoirs of Plevako... Once a wealthy Moscow merchant turned to him for help. Plevako says: “I heard about this merchant. I decided that I would break such a fee that the merchant would be horrified. And he not only was not surprised, but also said:
- You just win my case. I'll pay what you said, and I'll give you pleasure.
- What is the pleasure?
Win the case, you'll see.
I won the case. The merchant paid the fee. I reminded him of the promised pleasure. The merchant says:
- On Sunday, at ten o'clock in the morning, I'll pick you up, let's go.
- Where at this early?
- Look, you'll see.
- It's Sunday. The merchant followed me. We are going to Zamoskvorechye. I wonder where he's taking me. There are no restaurants here, no gypsies. Yes, this is not the right time for this. Let's go down some lanes. There are no residential buildings around, only barns and warehouses.
We drove up to a warehouse. A man is standing at the gate. Not a watchman, not an artel worker. Got down.
Kupchina asks the man:
- Ready?
“That’s right, your highness.
- Lead...
I'm going to the yard. The little man opened a door. Came in, look and do not understand anything. A huge room, on the walls of the shelves, on the shelves of dishes.
The merchant escorted the peasant out, stripped off his fur coat, and offered to take it off for me. I undress. The merchant went to a corner, took two hefty clubs, gave me one of them and said:
- Start.
- Yes, what to start?
- Like what? Dishes to beat!
- Why beat her? The merchant smiled.
- Start, you will understand why ... The merchant went up to the shelves and broke a bunch of dishes with one blow. I hit too. Also broke. We began to beat the dishes and, imagine, I went into such a rage and began to break dishes with a club with such fury that it’s even a shame to remember. Imagine that I really experienced some kind of wild, but spicy pleasure and could not calm down until the merchant and I smashed everything to the last cup. When it was all over, the merchant asked me:
- Well, did you enjoy it? I had to admit that I did."

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According to some sources, F.N. Plevako was the son of a Polish nobleman and a Kazakh woman. Most of Plevako's biographers believe that "his mother was from a Kyrgyz tribe" (Saifulmulukov, R. famous lawyer// Forward (Troitsk). 1986. May 24). The Moscow historian V. I. Smolyarchuk in the book "Plevako's Lawyer" (Chelyabinsk, 1989) calls her a "serf Kyrgyz woman", followed by A. N. Troitsky and the local author L. Temnik. They use the indicated ethnonym without quotes, although it is known that this was the name of the Kazakhs at that time, who roamed in the neighborhood of the city. True, other researchers, calling the young Kazakh woman a serf, had in mind that in Troitsk she lived with the yard servants - serf servants of the family that sheltered her. The girl herself was clearly from a rich and noble family.
Here is what the mother of F. N. Plevako recalled in her declining years: “We lived in the steppe, not far from Troitsk, in a felt tent. We lived very richly, the tent was in carpets, I slept, like the elders, under fur blankets and on fur bedding Sabers, guns and rich clothes hung on the walls, and on myself I remember outfits and coins "(Smolyarchuk, V.I. - P. 12). . Father - court adviser Vasily Ivanovich Plevak, mother - Kalmyk Ekaterina Stepanova. The parents were not in an official church marriage, so their two children - Fedor and Dormidont - were considered illegitimate. There were four children in the family, but two died in infancy. The patronymic Nikiforovich was taken by the name of Nikifor, the godfather of his older brother. Later, Fedor entered the university with his father's surname Plevak, and after graduating from the university he added the letter "o" to it, and he called himself with an emphasis on this letter: Plevako.
The Plevako family moved to Moscow in the summer of 1851. In the fall, the brothers were sent to the Commercial School on Ostozhenka. The brothers studied well, especially Fedor became famous for his mathematical abilities. By the end of the first year of study, the names of the brothers were listed on the "golden board" of the school. And six months later, Fedor and Dormidont were expelled as illegitimate. In the autumn of 1853, thanks to their father's long efforts, Fedor and Dormidont were admitted to the 1st Moscow Gymnasium on Prechistenka - immediately into the 3rd grade. By the way, in the same year, Pyotr Kropotkin also entered the gymnasium and also entered the third grade. Many Russian figures who later became famous studied at the same school.

F.N. Plevako participated in major political and criminal trials:
- Okhotnoryadsky trial (May 1878)
- case of the Luthoric peasants (December 1880)
- case about strike workers factory Partnership S. Morozov (1886)
- the case of the factory workers of the Konshinsky manufactory (1897)
- case of 73 workers of Yekaterinoslav (January 1900)
- the case of the workers of the Baranovskaya manufactory (May 1904)
- Meshchersky case (November 1904)
- the case of the Sevsk peasants (1905) and others:
- Bartenev case
- Gruzinsky case
- Case of Lukashevich
- Maksimchenko case
- Zamyatnin case
- Case Zasulich(Attributed to Plevako, in fact, P.A. Aleksandrov was the defender)
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