Series of models 1 73 Russian tanks. Modern battle tanks of Russia and the world photo, video, pictures watch online

The term "tank" in Ozhegov's dictionary is explained as "an armored self-propelled combat vehicle with powerful tracked weapons." But such a definition is not a dogma, there is no unified tank standard in the world. Each manufacturing country creates and created tanks taking into account its own needs, the characteristics of the proposed war, the manner of the upcoming battles and its own production capabilities. The USSR was no exception in this regard.

The history of the development of tanks of the USSR and Russia by models

Invention history

The primacy of the use of tanks belongs to the British, their use forced the military leaders of all countries to reconsider the concept of warfare. The use of the French light tank Renault FT17 defined the classic use of tanks to solve tactical tasks, and the tank itself became the embodiment of the canons of tank building.

Although the laurels of the first use did not go to the Russians, the very invention of the tank, in its classical sense, belongs to our compatriots. In 1915 V.D. Mendeleev (the son of a famous scientist) sent a project for an armored self-propelled vehicle on two tracks with artillery weapons to the technical department of the Russian army. But for unknown reasons further design work things didn't work out.

The very idea of ​​putting a steam engine on a caterpillar propeller was not new; it was first implemented in 1878 by the Russian designer Fedor Blinov. The invention was called: "A wagon with endless flights for the transport of goods." This "car" was the first to use a track turning device. The invention of the caterpillar mover, by the way, also belongs to the Russian staff captain D. Zagryazhsky. For which a corresponding patent was issued in 1937.

The world's first tracked combat vehicle is also Russian. In May 1915, an armored vehicle D.I. was tested near Riga. Porokhovshchikov under the name "All-terrain vehicle". She had an armored hull, one wide caterpillar and a machine gun in a rotating turret. The tests were recognized as very successful, but due to the approaching Germans, further tests had to be postponed, and after a while they were completely forgotten about.

In the same year, 1915, a machine designed by the head of the experimental laboratory of the military department, captain Lebedenko, was tested. The 40-ton unit was an artillery carriage enlarged to a gigantic size, driven by two Maybach engines from a downed airship. The front wheels had a diameter of 9 meters. As conceived by the creators, a machine of this design should easily overcome ditches and trenches, but during the tests it got stuck immediately after the start of movement. Where it stood for many years until it was cut into scrap metal.

the first world Russia finished without their tanks. During the Civil War, tanks from other countries were used. During the fighting, part of the tanks passed into the hands of the Red Army, on which the fighters of the workers and peasants entered the battle. In 1918, in the battle with the French-Greek troops near the village of Berezovskaya, several Reno-FT tanks were captured. They were sent to Moscow to participate in the parade. The fiery speech about the need to build our own tanks, which Lenin delivered, laid the foundation for Soviet tank building. We decided to release, or rather completely copy, 15 Reno-FT tanks called Tank M (small). On August 31, 1920, the first copy left the workshops of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in Nizhny Tagil. This day is considered to be the birthday of Soviet tank building.

The young state understood that tanks were very important for waging war, especially since the enemies approaching the borders were already armed with this type of military equipment. Because of the particularly expensive production price, the M tank was not launched into the series, so another option was needed. According to the idea that existed then in the Red Army, the tank was supposed to support the infantry during the attack, that is, the speed of the tank should not be much higher than the infantry, the weight should allow it to break through the defense line, and the weapons should successfully suppress firing points. Choosing between own developments and proposals to copy already ready samples, chose the option that made it possible to establish the production of tanks in the shortest possible time - copying.

In 1925 they launched mass production tank, its prototype was the Fiat-3000. Even if not entirely successful, the MS-1 became a tank that laid the foundation for Soviet tank building. In its production, the production itself was developed, the coherence of the work of different departments and factories.

Until the beginning of the 30s, several of their models T-19, T-20, T-24 were developed, but due to the lack of special advantages over the T-18, and due to their high cost in production, they did not go into series.

Tanks 30-40 years - a disease of imitation

Participation in the conflict on the KFZhD showed the discrepancy between the first generation tanks for the dynamic development of the battle, the tanks practically did not show themselves in any way, the main work was done by the cavalry. We needed a faster and more reliable car.

To select the next production model, they went the beaten path and purchased samples abroad. The English Vickers Mk - 6 tons was mass-produced with us as the T-26, and the Carden-Loyd Mk VI tankette was the T-27.

T-27, at first so tempting to manufacture with its cheapness, was not produced for a long time. In 1933, on the basis of wedges, they were accepted for the army
floating tank T-37A, with weapons in a rotating turret, and in 1936 - T-38. In 1940, they created a similar floating T-40, the USSR did not produce more floating tanks until the 50s.

Another sample was purchased in the USA. Based on the model of J.W. Christie, a whole series of high-speed tanks (BT) was built, their main difference was the combination of two wheeled and tracked propellers. Wheels were used to move during the march of the BT, and caterpillars were used in the conduct of battles. Such a forced measure was needed because of the weak operational capabilities of the tracks, only 1000 km.

The BT tanks, which developed quite high speeds on the roads, fully suited the changed military concept of the Red Army: a breakthrough in defense and a high-speed deployment of a deep attack through the resulting gap. The three-tower T-28 was developed directly for the breakthrough, the prototype of which was the English Vickers 16-ton. Another breakthrough tank was supposed to be the T-35, similar to the English five-turreted Independent heavy tank.

During the pre-war decade, many interesting tank designs were created that did not go into series. For example, based on the T-26
semi-closed type self-propelled gun AT-1 ( artillery tank). During the Second World War, they will again remember these machines without a cabin roof.

Tanks of the second world

Participation in civil war in Spain and in the battles at Khalkhin Gol showed how high the explosiveness of a gasoline engine and the insufficiency of bulletproof booking against the then emerging anti-tank artillery. The introduction of solutions to these problems allowed our designers, who had been ill with imitation disease, to create on the eve of the Second World War a truly good tanks and KV.

In the first days of the war, a disastrously many tanks were lost, it took time to establish the production of unrivaled T-34s and KVs at only evacuated factories, and the front desperately needed tanks. The government decided to fill this niche with cheap and fast-to-produce light tanks T-60 and T-70. Naturally, the vulnerability of such tanks is very high, but they gave time to deploy the production of Victory tanks. The Germans called them "indestructible locusts".

In battle under the railway. Art. For the first time in Prokhorovka, tanks acted as "cementing" defenses, before that they were used exclusively as an attack weapon. Basically, up to today, there were no more new ideas in the use of tanks.

Speaking of WWII tanks, it is impossible not to mention the tank destroyers (SU-76, SU-122, etc.) or as they were called "self-propelled guns" in the troops. A relatively small rotating turret did not allow the use of some powerful guns and, most importantly, howitzers on tanks, for this they were installed on the bases of existing tanks without the use of turrets. In fact, Soviet tank destroyers during the war, except for weapons, did not differ in any way from their prototypes, unlike the same German ones.

modern tanks

After the war, they continued to produce light, medium and heavy tanks, but by the end of the 50s, all the main tank manufacturers concentrated on the production of the main tank. Thanks to new technologies in the production of armor, more powerful engines and weapons, the need to divide tanks into types has disappeared by itself. The niche of light tanks was occupied by armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, so the PT-76 eventually became an armored personnel carrier.

The first post-war bulk tank a new model was armed with a 100-mm gun, and its modification for use in radioactive zones. This model has become the most popular among modern tanks, more than 30,000 of these machines were in the service of over 30 countries.

After the appearance of tanks with a 105 mm gun in potential enemies, it was decided to upgrade the T-55 to a 115 mm gun. The world's first tank with a 155mm smoothbore gun was named .

The ancestor of the classic main tanks was the . It fully combined the capabilities of heavy (125mm guns) and medium tanks (high mobility).

Russian tanks became a formidable weapon that defended the country for almost the entire 20th century. To this day, they stand guard, developing and improving year after year. And today, the perfection of these hulks attracts the attention of not only specialists, but also weapon lovers. Nothing superfluous, only strong armor, dressed with a jeweler's precision and a powerful engine, tearing forward.

Magazines come out every two weeks. An approximate schedule for the release of Russian Tanks magazines (dates may change at the discretion of the manufacturer):

1. T-72 - 18.08.2010

2. IS-2 - 07.09.2010

3. T-80 - 21.09.2010

4. KV-1 - 05.10.2010

5. BTR-80 - 10/19/2010

6. T-34/76 - 02.11.2010

7. T-62 - 11/16/2010

8. SU-85 - 11/30/2010

9. ISU-152 - 28.12.2010

10. PT-76 - 11.01.2011

11. KV-2 - 01/25/2011

12. T-55 - 02/08/2011

13. T-34-85 - 22.02.2011

14. BMP-1 - 03/08/2011

15. T-28 - 03/22/2011

16. IS-3 - 04/05/2011

17. SU-122 - 19.04.2011

18. T-35 - 04/30/2011

19. BMD-1 - 17.05.2011

20. BM-13 - 05/31/2011

21. T-90 - 06/14/2011

22. T-64 - 06/28/2011

23. T-34 (1942) - 07/12/2011

24. BT-5 - 26.07.2011

25. T-54 - 08/09/2011

26. SU-100 - 23.08.2011

27. BTR-60P - 09/06/2011

28. KV-1S - 09/20/2011

29. BM-30 - 04.10.2011

30. ASU-85 - 10/18/2011

31. T-26 - 01.11.2011

32. 2S1 GVOZDIKA - 11/15/2011

33. BM-21 GRAD - 06.12.2011

34. BTR-60 - 12/20/2011

35. BMP-2 - 01/04/2012

36. BTR-40 - 01/17/2012

37. BM-27 URAGAN - 01/31/2012

38. IS-4 - 14.02.2012

39. ZSU-23-4 SHILKA - 28.02.2012

40. BT-7 - 13.03.2012

41. BTR-90 - 03/27/2012

42. T-40 - 04/10/2012

43. ISU-152 - 04/24/2012

44. T-26 - 05/08/2012

45. BTR-152 - 05/22/2012

46. ​​T-10 - 06/05/2012

47. BA-20 - 19.06.2012

48. BMD-4 - 07/03/2012

49. 2S19 MSTA-S - 17.07.2012

50. SU-76M - 07/31/2012

51. BTR-70 - 08/14/2012

52. T-70 - 28.08.2012

53. BA-10 - 11.09.2012

54. BRDM-1 - 09/25/2012

55. Peony - 09.10.2012

56. BA FAI - 23.10.2012

57. Acacia - 06.11.2012

58. T-60 - 11/20/2012

59. Nona-S - 04.12.2012

60. GAZ-2330 Tiger - 12/18/2012

61 Mk 2 Matilda - 01.01.2013

63 T-34-85 (winter camouflage) -

64 Mk 3 Churchill -

68 2K12 Cube -

71 M3 ZSU M16 -

72 T-26 (new color) -

73 T-62 (new color) -

74 BT-7 (new color) -

75 BMP-1 (new color) -

76 BRDM (new color) -

77 SU-76 (new color) -

78 BTR-152 (new color) -

79 T-54 (new color) -

80 Acacia (new color) -

Modern battle tanks Russia and the world photo, video, pictures watch online. This article gives an idea of ​​the modern tank fleet. It is based on the classification principle used in the most authoritative reference book to date, but in a slightly modified and improved form. And if the latter in its original form can still be found in the armies of a number of countries, then others have already become a museum exhibit. And all for 10 years! Follow in the footsteps of Jane's guide and not consider this combat vehicle(quite by the way, curious in design and fiercely discussed at the time), which formed the basis of the tank fleet of the last quarter of the 20th century, the authors considered it unfair.

Films about tanks where there is still no alternative to this type of weapon ground forces. The tank was and probably will remain for a long time modern weapons due to the ability to combine such seemingly contradictory qualities as high mobility, powerful weapons and reliable crew protection. These unique qualities of tanks continue to be constantly improved, and the experience and technologies accumulated over decades predetermine new frontiers of combat properties and military-technical achievements. In the age-old confrontation "projectile - armor", as practice shows, protection from a projectile is being improved more and more, acquiring new qualities: activity, multi-layeredness, self-defense. At the same time, the projectile becomes more accurate and powerful.

Russian tanks are specific in that they allow you to destroy the enemy from a safe distance, have the ability to perform quick maneuvers on impassable roads, contaminated terrain, can “walk” through the territory occupied by the enemy, seize a decisive bridgehead, induce panic in the rear and suppress the enemy with fire and caterpillars . The war of 1939-1945 was the most ordeal for all mankind, since almost all countries of the world were involved in it. It was the battle of the titans - the most unique period that theorists argued about in the early 1930s and during which tanks were used in large numbers by almost all the warring parties. At this time, a "check for lice" and a deep reform of the first theories of the use of tank troops took place. And it is the Soviet tank troops that are most affected by all this.

Tanks in battle that became a symbol of the past war, the backbone of the Soviet armored forces? Who created them and under what conditions? How did the USSR, having lost most of its European territories and having difficulty recruiting tanks for the defense of Moscow, be able to launch powerful tank formations on the battlefield already in 1943? This book, which tells about the development of Soviet tanks "in the days of testing ", from 1937 to the beginning of 1943. When writing the book, materials from the archives of Russia and private collections of tank builders were used. There was a period in our history that was deposited in my memory with some depressing feeling. It began with the return of our first military advisers from Spain, and stopped only at the beginning of forty-third, - said the former general designer of self-propelled guns L. Gorlitsky, - there was some kind of pre-stormy state.

Tanks of the Second World War, it was M. Koshkin, almost clandestinely (but, of course, with the support of "the wisest of the wise leader of all peoples"), who was able to create that tank that, a few years later, will shock German tanks th generals. And what’s more, he didn’t just create it, the designer managed to prove to these stupid military men that it was his T-34 that they needed, and not just another wheeled-tracked “highway”. The author is in slightly different positions that he formed after meeting with the pre-war documents RGVA and RGAE Therefore, working on this segment of the history of the Soviet tank, the author will inevitably contradict something "generally accepted". this work describes the history of Soviet tank building in the most difficult years- from the beginning of a radical restructuring of all activities design bureaus and people's commissariats as a whole, during a frantic race to equip new tank formations of the Red Army, transfer industry to wartime rails and evacuation.

Tanks Wikipedia the author wants to express his special gratitude for the help in the selection and processing of materials to M. Kolomiyets, and also to thank A. Solyankin, I. Zheltov and M. Pavlov, the authors of the reference publication "Domestic armored vehicles. XX century. 1905 - 1941", since this book helped to understand the fate of some projects, which was unclear before. I would also like to recall with gratitude those conversations with Lev Izraelevich Gorlitsky, the former Chief Designer of UZTM, which helped to take a fresh look at the entire history of the Soviet tank during the Great Patriotic War Soviet Union. Today, for some reason, it is customary to talk about 1937-1938 in our country. only from the point of view of repressions, but few people remember that it was during this period that those tanks were born that became legends of the wartime ... "From the memoirs of L.I. Gorlinkogo.

Soviet tanks, a detailed assessment of them at that time sounded from many lips. Many old people recalled that it was from the events in Spain that it became clear to everyone that the war was getting closer to the threshold and it was Hitler who would have to fight. In 1937, mass purges and repressions began in the USSR, and against the backdrop of these difficult events soviet tank began to turn from a "mechanized cavalry" (in which one of its combat qualities was emphasized by lowering others) into a balanced combat vehicle, possessing at the same time powerful weapons sufficient to suppress most targets, good maneuverability and mobility with armor protection, capable of maintaining its combat capability with shelling the most massive anti-tank weapons probable adversary.

It was recommended that large tanks be introduced into the composition in addition only special tanks - floating, chemical. The brigade now had 4 separate battalions of 54 tanks each and was reinforced by the transition from three-tank platoons to five-tank ones. In addition, D. Pavlov justified the refusal to form in 1938 to the four existing mechanized corps three more additionally, believing that these formations are immobile and difficult to control, and most importantly, they require a different organization of the rear. The tactical and technical requirements for promising tanks, as expected, have been adjusted. In particular, in a letter dated December 23 to the head of the design bureau of plant No. 185 named after. CM. Kirov, the new chief demanded to strengthen the armor of new tanks so that at a distance of 600-800 meters (effective range).

The latest tanks in the world when designing new tanks, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of increasing the level of armor protection during modernization by at least one step ... "This problem could be solved in two ways. Firstly, by increasing the thickness of the armor plates and, secondly," by using increased armor resistance". It is easy to guess that the second way was considered more promising, since the use of specially hardened armor plates, or even two-layer armor, could, while maintaining the same thickness (and the mass of the tank as a whole), increase its durability by 1.2-1.5 It was this path (the use of specially hardened armor) that was chosen at that moment to create new types of tanks.

Tanks of the USSR at the dawn of tank production, armor was most massively used, the properties of which were identical in all directions. Such armor was called homogeneous (homogeneous), and from the very beginning of the armor business, the craftsmen strove to create just such armor, because uniformity ensured stability of characteristics and simplified processing. However, at the end of the 19th century, it was noticed that when the surface of the armor plate was saturated (to a depth of several tenths to several millimeters) with carbon and silicon, its surface strength increased sharply, while the rest of the plate remained viscous. So heterogeneous (heterogeneous) armor came into use.

In military tanks, the use of heterogeneous armor was very important, since an increase in the hardness of the entire thickness of the armor plate led to a decrease in its elasticity and (as a result) to an increase in brittleness. Thus, the most durable armor, other things being equal, turned out to be very fragile and often pricked even from bursts of high-explosive fragmentation shells. Therefore, at the dawn of armor production in the manufacture of homogeneous sheets, the task of the metallurgist was to achieve the highest possible hardness of the armor, but at the same time not to lose its elasticity. Surface-hardened by saturation with carbon and silicon armor was called cemented (cemented) and was considered at that time a panacea for many ills. But cementation is a complex, harmful process (for example, processing a hot plate with a jet of lighting gas) and relatively expensive, and therefore its development in a series required high costs and an increase in production culture.

Tank of the war years, even in operation, these hulls were less successful than homogeneous ones, since for no apparent reason cracks formed in them (mainly in loaded seams), and it was very difficult to put patches on holes in cemented slabs during repairs. But it was still expected that a tank protected by 15-20 mm cemented armor would be equivalent in terms of protection to the same, but covered with 22-30 mm sheets, without a significant increase in mass.
Also, by the mid-1930s, in tank building, they learned how to harden the surface of relatively thin armor plates by uneven hardening, known since the end of the 19th century in shipbuilding as the "Krupp method". Surface hardening led to a significant increase in the hardness of the front side of the sheet, leaving the main thickness of the armor viscous.

How tanks shoot videos up to half the thickness of the plate, which, of course, was worse than carburizing, since despite the fact that the hardness of the surface layer was higher than during carburizing, the elasticity of the hull sheets was significantly reduced. So the "Krupp method" in tank building made it possible to increase the strength of armor even somewhat more than carburizing. But the hardening technology that was used for sea armor of large thicknesses was no longer suitable for relatively thin tank armor. Before the war, this method was almost never used in our serial tank building due to technological difficulties and relatively high cost.

Combat use of tanks The most developed for tanks was the 45-mm tank gun mod 1932/34. (20K), and before the event in Spain, it was believed that its power was enough to perform most tank tasks. But the battles in Spain showed that the 45-mm gun could only satisfy the task of fighting enemy tanks, since even the shelling of manpower in the mountains and forests turned out to be ineffective, and it was only possible to disable a dug-in enemy firing point in the event of a direct hit . Shooting at shelters and bunkers was ineffective due to the small high-explosive action of a projectile weighing only about two kg.

Types of tanks photo so that even one hit of a projectile reliably disables anti-tank gun or machine gun; and thirdly, to increase the penetrating effect of a tank gun on the armor of a potential enemy, since, using the example of French tanks (already having an armor thickness of the order of 40-42 mm), it became clear that the armor protection of foreign combat vehicles tends to be significantly increased. There was a right way to do this - an increase in the caliber of tank guns and a simultaneous increase in the length of their barrel, since a long gun of a larger caliber fires heavier shells with a larger initial speed over a longer distance without correcting the pickup.

The best tanks in the world had a large caliber gun, also had a large breech, significantly more weight and increased recoil reaction. And this required an increase in the mass of the entire tank as a whole. In addition, the placement of large shots in the closed volume of the tank led to a decrease in the ammunition load.
The situation was aggravated by the fact that at the beginning of 1938 it suddenly turned out that there was simply no one to give an order for the design of a new, more powerful tank gun. P. Syachintov and his entire design team were repressed, as well as the core of the Bolshevik Design Bureau under the leadership of G. Magdesiev. Only the group of S. Makhanov remained at liberty, who from the beginning of 1935 tried to bring his new 76.2-mm semi-automatic single gun L-10, and the team of plant No. 8 slowly brought the "forty-five".

Photos of tanks with names The number of developments is large, but in mass production in the period 1933-1937. not a single one was accepted ... "In fact, none of the five air-cooled tank diesel engines, which were worked on in 1933-1937 in the engine department of plant No. 185, was brought to the series. Moreover, despite the decisions on the highest levels of the transition in tank building exclusively to diesel engines, this process was held back by a number of factors.Of course, diesel had significant efficiency.It consumed less fuel per unit of power per hour.Diesel fuel is less prone to ignition, since the flash point of its vapors was very high.

Even the most finished of them, the MT-5 tank engine, required reorganization of engine production for serial production, which was expressed in the construction of new workshops, the supply of advanced foreign equipment (there were no machine tools of the required accuracy yet), financial investments and strengthening personnel. It was planned that in 1939 this diesel engine with a capacity of 180 hp. will go to mass-produced tanks and artillery tractors, but due to investigative work to find out the causes of tank engine accidents, which lasted from April to November 1938, these plans were not fulfilled. The development of a slightly increased six-cylinder gasoline engine No. 745 with a power of 130-150 hp was also started.

Brands of tanks with specific indicators that suited the tank builders quite well. Tank tests were carried out according to a new methodology, specially developed at the insistence of the new head of the ABTU D. Pavlov in relation to combat service in war time. The basis of the tests was a run of 3-4 days (at least 10-12 hours of daily non-stop traffic) with a one-day break for technical inspection and restoration work. Moreover, repairs were allowed to be carried out only by field workshops without the involvement of factory specialists. This was followed by a "platform" with obstacles, "bathing" in the water with an additional load, simulating an infantry landing, after which the tank was sent for examination.

Super tanks online after the improvement work seemed to remove all claims from the tanks. And the general course of the tests confirmed the fundamental correctness of the main design changes - an increase in displacement by 450-600 kg, the use of the GAZ-M1 engine, as well as the Komsomolets transmission and suspension. But during the tests, numerous minor defects again appeared in the tanks. Chief designer N. Astrov was suspended from work and was in custody and under investigation for several months. In addition, the tank received a new improved protection turret. The modified layout made it possible to place on the tank a larger ammunition load for a machine gun and two small fire extinguishers (before there were no fire extinguishers on small tanks of the Red Army).

US tanks as part of modernization work, on one serial model of the tank in 1938-1939. the torsion bar suspension developed by the designer of the Design Bureau of Plant No. 185 V. Kulikov was tested. It was distinguished by the design of a composite short coaxial torsion bar (long monotorsion bars could not be used coaxially). However, such a short torsion bar in tests did not show enough nice results, and therefore the torsion bar suspension did not immediately pave its way in the course of further work. Obstacles to be overcome: rises not less than 40 degrees, vertical wall 0.7 m, overlapping ditch 2-2.5 m.

Youtube about tanks work on the production of prototypes of D-180 and D-200 engines for reconnaissance tanks is not being carried out, jeopardizing the production of prototypes. 10-1), as well as the amphibious tank version (factory designation 102 or 10-2), are a compromise solution, since it is not possible to fully meet the requirements of the ABTU.Variant 101 was a tank weighing 7.5 tons with a hull according to the type of hull, but with vertical side sheets of case-hardened armor 10-13 mm thick, because: "Sloped sides, causing serious weighting of the suspension and hull, require a significant (up to 300 mm) broadening of the hull, not to mention the complication of the tank.

Video reviews of tanks in which power unit The tank was planned to be made on the basis of the 250-horsepower MG-31F aircraft engine, which was mastered by the industry for agricultural aircraft and gyroplanes. Gasoline of the 1st grade was placed in a tank under the floor of the fighting compartment and in additional onboard gas tanks. The armament fully met the task and consisted of coaxial machine guns DK caliber 12.7 mm and DT (in the second version of the project even ShKAS appears) caliber 7.62 mm. The combat weight of a tank with a torsion bar suspension was 5.2 tons, with a spring suspension - 5.26 tons. The tests were carried out from July 9 to August 21 according to the methodology approved in 1938, and Special attention given to tanks.

Tanks - formidable weapon, symbol of power and strength of world powers. Our country is no exception. Let's remember 7 legendary Russian tanks

MS-1 (T-18) became the first mass-produced Soviet tank. In total, about 960 units were produced. For the first time in battles, MS-1s were used in the conflict on the CER in 1929, when an attack by 9 tanks put the Chinese infantry to flight. In the second half of the 30s - early 40s, a significant part of these vehicles were used as fixed firing points on the border on Far East and Karelian Isthmus. Occasionally there are references to the participation of MS-1 in hostilities in the first months of the Great Patriotic War. To this day, no more than 10 MS-1s have survived as museum exhibits and monuments.

BT-7 is a fast tank. His military debut was fighting against Japanese troops at Lake Khasan in the summer of 1938. However the best way BT-7 showed themselves a year later in Mongolia in the battles at Khalkhin Gol, where they fully manifested themselves in the steppes high speed and maneuverability of this tank. BT-7 successfully operated during the campaign of the Red Army in Poland in September 1939, when the rapid advance of mobile tank groups made it possible to paralyze possible active actions Polish troops. On the initial stage During the Great Patriotic War, in terms of their combat qualities, the BT-7 was not inferior to most German tanks and was used until the first half of 1942. The final episode in the combat biography of the BT-7 was Soviet-Japanese War in August-September 1945. At that time, these already obsolete tanks were part of the second battalions of tank regiments and went into a breakthrough for more powerful T-34s and IS-2s.

T-34/76. One of the best medium tanks for 1940. Combined good armor protection and powerful weapons. The 76 mm cannon of the tank could effectively deal with both manpower and equipment. At least until the middle of 1942, the enemy could do little to oppose him. Often, the T-34, having received numerous hits, remained in service. The most productive Soviet tanker who fought on the T-34, D. F. Lavrinenko (4th tank brigade) from October to December 1941 destroyed or disabled 52 two German tanks. With the advent of heavy equipment from the enemy in 1943, the T-34 was also subjected to serious modernization. The armor protection was strengthened, a fifth crew member was added, and the tank was armed with a new 85-mm cannon capable of hitting almost all German tanks at close and medium distances. New T-34/85 from March 1944 began to arrive at the front. The T-34 turned out to be not ideal in many ways, but it was easy to manufacture and master, as well as the most massive tank in the world. In the second half of the 20th century, T-34s were used in conflicts until the 90s (the war in Yugoslavia).

KV-1 - Soviet heavy tank. The first KVs passed military tests in the last weeks of the Soviet-Finnish war. As of June 1941, the KV could be considered one of the strongest heavy tanks in the world. There is a known case in June 1941 in the Rassenaya area, when one KV-1 fettered the actions German division for almost two days. One of the German documents noted: “There were practically no means to cope with the monster. The tank cannot be bypassed, around the swampy terrain. Ammunition could not be brought in, the seriously wounded were dying, they could not be taken out. An attempt to destroy the tank with fire from a 50-mm anti-tank battery from a distance of 500 meters led to heavy losses in crews and guns. The tank was not damaged, despite the fact that, as it turned out, received 14 direct hits. From them there were only dents on the armor. When the 88-millimeter gun was brought to a distance of 700 meters, the tank calmly waited until it was put into position and destroyed it. Attempts by sappers to undermine the tank were unsuccessful. The charges were insufficient for the huge caterpillars. Finally, he became a victim of cunning. 50 German tanks feigned an attack from all sides to divert attention. Under cover, they managed to advance and disguise the 88-mm gun from the rear of the tank. Of the 12 direct hits, 3 pierced the armor and destroyed the tank. "Unfortunately, most of the KV was lost not due to combat reasons, but due to breakdowns and lack of fuel. At the end of 1943, heavy IS tanks replaced the KV.

IS-2 ("Joseph Stalin") heavy tank. It was created to break through heavily fortified enemy positions and fight heavy enemy tanks. There is a known case when, during the Lvov-Sandomierz operation, two IS-2s, acting from an ambush, destroyed 17 German tanks and self-propelled guns in two days. The IS-2 turned out to be indispensable as an assault weapon in breaking through the enemy defenses, especially in the Berlin direction and near Koenigsberg. In the post-war period, the tank underwent modernization and officially remained in service until 1995.

The T-54 was created taking into account the experience of World War II and became the main participant in military conflicts in the second half of the 20th century. The T-54 and its later modifications, the T-55 with atomic protection, were used in Hungary (1956), Czechoslovakia (1968), Vietnam, wars in the Middle East until the beginning of the 21st century. One of the last conflicts where the T-55 was used was the fighting in South Ossetia, where he was in service with parts of the South Ossetian Republic. In addition, the T-55 became the basis for the creation of a number of samples of military engineering equipment.

T-72 - the main tank. The production of this tank has been deployed since 1973. Since the conflict in Lebanon in 1982, the T-72 has been actively used in wars in the Middle East and in the territory former USSR. Noteworthy are the actions of a group of four Russian tanks under the command of Captain Yuri Yakovlev in August 2008, which fought street battles in Tskhinval for two days. Having lost one tank (one crew member was wounded), the group ensured the withdrawal of Russian peacekeepers, destroying at least 8 enemy tanks and combat vehicles.

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Finally, the Ministry of Defense presented on its official website photos of the latest Russian tanks and combat vehicles. Now we can see what armored vehicles look like on the platforms "Armata", "," Boomerang "and self-propelled artillery mount"Coalition", as well as anti-tank missile corps "Kornet".

Tank building in Russia is in constant development. The new types of combat vehicles are based on the latest achievements of science and technology. In terms of their tactical and technical characteristics, the latest Russian tanks are significantly superior to the vehicles of previous generations.

Developments recent years aimed at creating a heavy unified platform under the code "Armata". This is a promising tracked platform, based on which for Armed Forces Russia will create fifth-generation battle tanks. On their chassis, it is planned to produce a number of types of various military equipment.

The layout of the "Armata" is almost identical to the unfinished project of the T-95 or "Black Eagle" tank. Inside the hull is a habitable armored capsule in which the crew is placed. Behind it is a fighting compartment, including an uninhabited tower from above, behind it is an engine compartment.

T-14 "Armata" will replace the T-72, T-80, T-90 tanks currently in service.

New battle tank

Many functional developments and options new car significantly distinguish it from similar structures. He has fundamentally different performance characteristics. The scheme for placing the crew in an armored insulated capsule in front of the tank behind a powerful frontal armor was applied. This provides isolation of the crew from the gun ammunition.

Tactical and technical data

• Total weight - 48 tons
• Crew - 3 people
• Engine power - 1500-2000 hp
• There is an additional power plant
• The time required to replace the engine - 0.5 h
• Maximum speed - 90 km / h
• Power reserve - 500 km
• Target detection range - 5 km
• Target range - 8 km
• Combat rate of fire - 12 rounds per minute

There is the possibility of a circular view using a special camera, a commander's panoramic sight is also installed, there is active and dynamic protection. The new radar station is capable of simultaneously tracking 25 aerodynamic and 40 dynamic targets, and monitoring an area with a radius of more than 100 kilometers. The T-14 is capable of automatically destroying all missiles or shells of any type flying at it.

For the first time in Russia, a tank is equipped with a digital information and control system - a “digital board”. It launches, controls, diagnoses and adjusts the parameters of mechanisms. If a problem is detected, the electronics will report what exactly is out of order and suggest a way to fix the problem and necessary measures. In other words, the breakdown will be eliminated not by the repair team or crew, but by electronics.

Armament

The main caliber of the "Armata" is a 125-mm 2A82 smoothbore gun. It is completely remote controlled. It is also possible to install a 2A83 152-mm gun. Used fundamentally new machine supply of ammunition, the capacity of which reaches 40 shells for various purposes. Shooting can be effectively carried out both from a stationary position and on the move. The tank ammunition is located in a special protected module.

"Armata" shoots high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing and HEAT rounds, as well as guided missiles with electronic, satellite and infrared guidance. In fact, the T-14 is not just a tank, but a universal strike vehicle. It combines rocket tactical complex, anti-aircraft anti-aircraft system, reconnaissance complex and the tank itself.

The armament system of the vehicle includes a 7.62-mm machine gun coaxial with a cannon. It is located on the outside of the tower, connected to the cannon drive. In the equipped ammunition load of the machine gun there are 1000 rounds of ammunition, the same number is stored in tapes at the rear of the turret in a box for spare parts. Additionally, a Kord machine gun of 12.7 mm caliber with an equipped ammo for 300 rounds and the same number in a box of spare parts can be installed. Machine gun remote control using a computer and electric drives.

Since 2014, a new guided missile with improved performance has been developed especially for a new generation tank of the Russian Armed Forces. High requirements are imposed on it in terms of armor penetration, target engagement range and damaging armor power, but while maintaining the 125 mm caliber.

tank fire control

Firing in the T-14 is controlled by an aiming system. Its main advantages:

• The presence of sighting and built-in laser control channels, rangefinder
• The ability to adjust the sighting channel with a multiplicity of 4 to 12
• The range at which the object is recognized is 5 km
• The maximum distance measured by the rangefinder is 7.5 km
• Double sight equipment on the dependent line of sight
• Ballistic computer device
• Automatic target tracking
• Improved Weapon Stabilizer

The tank is equipped with radars based on the AFAR antenna array, consisting of a large number of honeycomb microwave transmitters. Such an antenna has the ability to quickly change the location direction.

Power plant, transmission and control

The power plant of the tank is based on the domestic diesel engine of the A-85-3A brand. Its resource is not less than 2000 hours. Specifications:

• Engine type - X-shaped, 12-cylinder, four-stroke with gas turbine pressurization and air-to-air intercooling
• Mixing - Fuel Injection
• Power - 1500 hp
• Weight - 1550 kg
• Dimensions: length - 813 mm, width - 1300 mm, height - 820 mm
• The suspension of the "Armata" is controlled, 6-roller, on paddle shock absorbers. The differential mechanism is equipped with a hydrostatic transmission. The automatic 12-speed transmission can be shifted manually. The controls include: a steering wheel, brake and gas pedals, a lever for switching speeds.

Integrated protection system

The T-14 tank protection system consists of several components:

• Armor protection. New tank on the platform "Armata" is protected by specially designed armor steel. Its characteristics allow to reduce the thickness of the sheet and the total weight of the structures.
• Active protection "Afganit", adopted for implementation in 2014. Specially designed charges are fired against enemy shells and missiles, hitting them at a distance of no more than 20 meters. Launcher made of a carriage that rotates in horizontal and vertical planes. The impact core is aimed at the target using programmed fuse initiation.
• Dynamic protection. Its essence lies in the fact that three blocks are installed on the sides of the tower. These are containers with elements of dynamic protection, which are separated by filler. The sides are protected by the installation of seven similar blocks. The aft area is closed by lattice screens on the hull and turret. They are installed before the fighting in special cases, for example, in the city. The extra weight is almost a ton, but this does not significantly reduce the mobility of the tank.

The T-14 is not just a new tank, it determined the prospects for tank building in Russia for decades to come. In the coming years, it is planned to produce at least 2-3 thousand tanks of this type and armored vehicles based on it.

Video: new Russian tanks

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