How to make a very large grenade launcher. How to make a bazooka from a plastic pipe: do it yourself

GP-25 "Bonfire" is a fundamentally new Soviet development of the late 1970s. The underbarrel grenade launcher was developed in Tula by the joint efforts of designers and gunsmiths of the Tula Design Bureau and engineers of the Moscow State Research and Production Enterprise "Pribor".

Basic information on the GP-25 "Bonfire"

Fundamentally new type weapons were intended to defeat the enemy's manpower. At the same time, the GP-25 device made it possible to fire a grenade not only at an openly standing enemy, but also shoot at trenches or other uneven terrain. A soldier who had experience in handling the GP-25 could easily "get" the enemy who had taken cover behind an obstacle in the form of a large truck or something suitable in size.

The GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher was installed on a line of Kalashnikov assault rifles of 5.45 and 7.62 mm caliber. According to its characteristics, the GP-25 belongs to a rifled weapon of a muzzle-loading system.

GP-25 managed to participate in a large number of military conflicts in all corners the globe. The first shots in a combat situation were fired from the GP-25 during the Afghan war. This conflict showed new system extremely reliable, efficient and easy to maintain and disassemble. In the future, underbarrel grenade launchers were used in Chechnya and other hot spots on the planet. Currently, the GP-25 was used during the conflict in Syria.

GP-25 "Bonfire" was put into service in the distant 1878. As of 2017, the underbarrel grenade launcher is still in service. Russian army. In addition, it was adopted by the armies of Ukraine, Belarus and Bulgaria. It continues to be produced to this day.

The history of the appearance of underbarrel grenade launchers

If anti-tank grenade launchers began to be actively used by the Germans during World War II, then the history of the creation of underbarrel guns began much later. Anti-tank grenade launchers were great for destroying enemy armored vehicles, but they were of little use for fighting infantry.

If you try to look into history, then some kind of underbarrel grenade launchers can be seen in the muskets of the 18th century, which were equipped with special funnels designed to launch explosives at enemy positions. The fact that these are not inventions is evidenced by the large stocks of such funnels preserved in European museums.

The next stage in the development of underbarrel grenade launchers began during the First World War. The presence of a huge number of trenches made the hand grenade best weapon soldier of that time. Not everyone was able to throw it over a considerable distance, so various devices began to appear for mechanizing a throw or shot.

The first rifle grenades, working on the principle of muskets of the 18th century, appeared as a result of the frequent appearance of the so-called "dead" zone between the trenches. With a distance between positions of 50 to 150 meters, it was very difficult to throw a hand grenade into an opponent's trench, and mortar fire was fired at that time at a distance of at least 150 meters. Then they remembered rifle grenades.

Since standard weapons became unusable after firing a grenade, captured rifles were initially used to launch grenades. After some time, special nozzles on the barrel and grenades of a special design began to appear. Until the start of World War II, the designers of a number European countries tried to improve rifle grenades, but the impossibility of firing a rifle in normal mode before using a grenade gradually took this weapon out of circulation.

The appearance of the first grenade launchers

After the Germans demonstrated the potential of hand grenade launchers to the whole world during World War II, many countries began to try to create their own model with such potential. Gradually, hand grenade launchers became lighter in weight. The Germans again became the first in this area, who developed special grenades designed to be launched from signal pistols.

The next in this area were the Americans, who developed a hand-held grenade launcher that looks like a conventional hunting rifle. It was intended to produce one shot, and worked on the principle of a simple hunting "break". This gun-grenade launcher M-79 was actively used during the Vietnam War. According to some reports, it has not yet been decommissioned by the US Army.

However, despite all its advantages, the M-79 was a separate weapon, picking up which the soldier could not shoot from conventional small arms. As a result, the US Army announced a competition for the creation of a special design underbarrel grenade launcher designed for installation on M-16 rifles. Already in 1970, the first experimental batch of American underbarrel grenade launchers was sent to the Vietnamese jungle, where they fully revealed their potential.

The Soviet command quickly learned about the existence of a new weapon, and urgently wanted to create its analogue. The new weapon had to have the following qualities:

• To be able to install any system on a standard Kalashnikov assault rifle without prior modification;
• Have a small weight;
• Be easy to operate and use;
• Not to be issued for the dimensions of the AK;
• Have a powerful enough grenade.

The development of an underbarrel grenade launcher was entrusted to several design bureaus at once, but for many years they were unable to create a suitable and working model, since the development had to be carried out from scratch.

Finally Tula design bureau managed to create a working sample of an underbarrel grenade launcher. The main development work was carried out by the talented gunsmith V.N. Telesh, who later became famous as the author of several more grenade launchers various systems. As a result of fruitful cooperation with the State Research and Production Enterprise "Pribor", the GP-25 "Koster" was born. It was put into service in 1978, but mass production did not begin until 1980. This was influenced by the outbreak of the war in Afghanistan. As a result of this large-scale military conflict, the underbarrel grenade launcher quickly established itself as a reliable and trouble-free weapon.

The main feature of the GP-25 "Bonfire" was the ability to install it on a standard Kalashnikov assault rifle of any caliber, without modification. Other features that made the GP-25 so popular were the following design nuances:

• The simplicity of the design, which very rarely broke;
• Ease of use of the underbarrel grenade launcher. In order to fire a grenade, it was only necessary to insert a grenade into the barrel of a grenade launcher from the muzzle, then aim and shoot;
• The possibility of firing, both in a straight line and along a hinged trajectory, which was especially important during military operations in the mountainous regions of Afghanistan and Chechnya;
• Training in the use of an underbarrel grenade launcher took place literally in a matter of minutes.

In addition, the soldier could instantly switch from a grenade launcher to a machine gun and back. The GP-25 proved to be excellent both as a fire support weapon and as an assault weapon.

The weapon had a mass of about 1.5 kg and dimensions of 330 mm. In addition, it has an excellent rate of fire and effective range. A big plus of a single-shot grenade launcher is the fact that it does not need various manipulations with the shutter, since the grenades have no cartridge case. Simply insert a new grenade and fire a shot.

The average rate of fire from the "Bonfire" is 5 rounds per minute. There are cases when some soldiers brought this figure to 8-10 shots. If you listen to the stories of internationalist soldiers, they cannot remember a single case when an underbarrel grenade launcher would fail in battle. All this speaks of the incredible reliability of the GP-25.

Description of the design of the GP-25 "Bonfire"

The GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher is a compact single-shot rifled grenade launcher that is loaded from the muzzle. Its design consists of the following elements:

• trunk;
• Treasurer;
• Mounting the breech;
• sight;
• Trigger mechanism.

To carry the weapon, it is sometimes disassembled into two parts, although during the fighting the grenade launcher is constantly located under the barrel of the Kalashnikov assault rifle. The grenade launcher kit, in addition to itself, includes a rubber recoil pad and a set of tools for maintaining and cleaning weapons.

The barrel of the grenade launcher has a length of 205 mm and 12 grooves, which contribute to a more accurate grenade flight. In order for the inserted grenade not to fall out of the barrel, a special latch with a spring is used.

The trigger mechanism of the underbarrel grenade launcher is self-cocking, trigger type. The GP-25 has a flag type fuse and a special device designed to block the UM if a mistake was made when installing the grenade launcher on the machine. An already loaded underbarrel grenade launcher can be unloaded. For this, a special extractor is used.

Sights GP-25

Standard sights, which are installed on the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher, allow firing in two ways. This is standard shooting in a straight line and shooting in an arcuate trajectory. For firing along an arc trajectory, on the left side of the bracket there is a special device that has a distance scale in the form of an arc.

For direct fire, the standard method of aiming is used - due to the rear sight and front sight. Maximum range firing from the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher is 400 meters, subject to direct fire. Shoot "canopy" can be no more than 200 meters. When shooting, be sure to make allowances for side wind.

Ammunition for GP-25

VOG-25 ammunition is used as standard ammunition for the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher. These munitions are made according to a special scheme, without the use of a cartridge case. All parts of the ammunition are in the body of the grenade. This feature not only simplified the design of the ammunition, but also made it possible to make the process of loading the grenade launcher with the next shot faster. Since it is not necessary to remove the spent cartridge case.

The grenade is housed in a steel case. Under it there is a special grid of cardboard, which helps the fragments to gather in a certain position during a shot from a grenade launcher. The outer part of the grenade body has special grooves that will give the grenade when fired rotational movements. It is they who stabilize the flight of ammunition, giving shots from an underbarrel grenade launcher accuracy.

The grenade has a fuse equipped with a self-destruct system. The self-liquidator works automatically. To do this, 12-14 seconds must pass after the shot.

The VOG-25 ammunition is not the only possible projectile for the GP-25 grenade launcher. A special “jumping” grenade VOG-25P and a Gvozd grenade stuffed with tear gas are also used.

VOG-25P operates according to the following principle:

1. After the shot, she hits the target;
2. Then a special charge is triggered;
3. After that, the grenade is thrown up to a height of up to 1 meter;
4. Only after that the fuse is activated and the grenade explodes.

The Nail grenade is most often used by the police and special forces when it is necessary to neutralize a group of intruders without causing them serious damage.

The standard VOG-25 grenade has a five-meter radius of destruction.

Safety and convenience parameters when firing from the GP-25 grenade launcher

Since the recoil when fired from an underbarrel grenade launcher significantly exceeds the standard recoil of a Kalashnikov assault rifle, the designers have developed a special device that mitigates the effects of recoil for the shooter. This is a universal rubber butt pad that can be easily installed on both wooden and plastic stocks. With ease, the butt plate is also put on folding butts, which are available for some modifications of Kalashnikov assault rifles.

In order for the body of the grenade launcher not to break the receiver, a special insert is provided. Even in field trials, one serious drawback was revealed when shooting - often the cover receiver flew off. After that, a specially designed rod was developed that prevented the receiver cover from flying off. The AK-74M assault rifle received such a rod already in the basic version.

The underbarrel grenade launcher GP-25 "Bonfire" turned out to be a very effective additional weapon. Although back in 1989, the new GP-30 Shoe grenade launcher was adopted by the USSR army, the GP-25 is still in service with the Russian army and a number of other countries. Its reliability and non-failure design still cause rave reviews from experts.

Protests against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in March 2011 escalated into a stubborn and bloody civil war, during which more than 250,000 people have already been killed, hundreds of thousands of people have become refugees and most of the country lies in ruins. Several Islamic State opposition, terrorist, gangster and violent jihadist groups across the country continue to fight President Assad's government forces with whatever weapons they can get their hands on.

Today we will see what weapons the opposition and terrorists use to fight against government forces in Syria.

Vulkan - A homemade rocket launcher made from four tubes attached to an excavator.

Homemade projectiles made from gas cylinders, the flight range of such a projectile is up to 3 kilometers.

Another homemade mortar that fires projectiles from gas cylinders. One person can handle such a mortar, load and fire a shot.

Homemade Syrian cannon, transported by conventional tractor.

The Free Syrian Army fires homemade slingshot rockets at President Bashar al-Assad's government troops.

Militants fire on Syrian government troops homemade cannon, which is easy to place in small streets between residential buildings.

Shot from a homemade rocket launcher. Syria, Aleppo.

Sham-2 - homemade armored vehicle, made on the basis of a car, belongs to the militants of the Al-Ansar brigade. A machine gun is installed on Sham-2.

The self-made armored car is equipped with a camera and a monitor, the machine gun is controlled by a joystick from a game console, similar to a game shooter.

"Sham-2" inside. The creators are proud of their invention.

Huge homemade sniper rifle Free Syrian Army militant from Damascus.

A truck loaded with explosives, protected by steel sheets, drove into the wall of the Aleppo prison in February 2014. At that time, more than 300 militants of the Jabhat al-Nusra terrorist organization managed to escape from the central prison.

The militants make homemade mortar shells. Old house in Aleppo, Syria.

Another handicraft workshop of militants in Syria.

Installing a homemade mortar on one of the fronts in Damascus. The action movie uses an iPad to determine the degree.

At one of the factories in Aleppo, terrorists grind shells on machine tools.

Terrorists use a makeshift catapult to launch a bomb at President Bashar al-Assad's government forces in the city of Aleppo.

Sham-1 is a self-made car armored with iron sheets.

In one of the courtyards of the city of Lataki, militants are making homemade rockets.

Homemade gas masks for militants.

A retired officer puts on a homemade gas mask from plastic bottle, gauze, coal, cotton and cardboard.

Homemade gun.

Homemade rockets.

Homemade bombs. New Year's toy.

Homemade mortar.

A homemade bomb is set on fire by a simple cigarette, launched using a catapult.

The design of the catapult is simple: a large slingshot and a long elastic band. The more you pull, the farther the projectile flies.

shot from a homemade cannon.

A militant makes a mortar shell on a lathe.

The workshop creates new weapons for the militants of a terrorist organization.

Do-it-yourself mortar shells.

Terrorists launch homemade rockets at the Syrian government forces of Bashar al-Assad.

A piece of metal pipe serves as a hand grenade launcher.

Militants paint home-made rockets at home.

This is a complete homemade artillery mount on wheels.

Homemade militant grenades.

Homemade mortar.

Homemade rocket launcher.

...

The militants are true masters of weapons, they can create such guns that cause considerable damage.

Another marvel of weaponry.

Shotgun.

A child in a workshop where homemade mortar shells are made.

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Early February Russian media literally flooded with stunning information about another breakthrough in the field of Russian weapons.

In the best style of cheers-patriots from Rostec-Rosvooruzheniye, CEO JSC NPO Pribor Yuri Nabokov gave a captivating interview to TASS about the new Balkan grenade launcher, for which the latest "smart" ammunition, as well as "electronic warfare" shells, will be developed.

Behind the populist chatter, which can excite only semiliterate housewives, however, lies a serious problem rather than a real breakthrough.

Let's look at the situation in detail.

What is a grenade launcher

As the name suggests, a grenade launcher is a device for throwing grenades. A grenade, in turn, is a very simple killing tool, which is, in its simplest form, a metal can filled with explosives. The simplest device allows you to delay the explosion for the period that is needed for the grenade to reach the target.

Everyone knows hand grenades. This is a simple, reliable and, importantly, very cheap device that has only one drawback. Even the strongest and most skilled fighter cannot throw it at a distance of more than 50 meters. And usually a grenade flies to a distance of 15-20 meters, which, given the radius of the fragments up to 100 meters, is very small.

A grenade launcher is, in principle, just a pipe. A small powder charge adapts to the grenade, which turns it into a rocket. The flight range of such a grenade is from 100 to 800 meters. Such a range, combined with cheapness back in the Second world war made the grenade launcher a very successful and sought-after weapon. Of course, a grenade launcher is not a cannon, it does not have such high accuracy, range and striking effect. But the grenade launcher tube, along with a dozen charges, can be carried by one fighter, and the cost of one shot is an order of magnitude lower than that of a cannon.

After the anti-tank cumulative grenade was invented, the grenade launcher became powerful weapon to fight tanks. Many people remember the word "faustpatron" from military films - it was the cheapest, first in the world, single-shot hand grenade launcher. Its effective range did not exceed 30 meters, but it successfully penetrated 140 millimeters of armor. The frontal armor of the T-34-85 tank of 1944 was 90 millimeters. As they say, no comment.

Modern reusable grenade launchers, of course, are not as cheap and simple as faustpatrons, but their effectiveness is much higher. In particular, the modern Russian RPG-30 is able to overcome active and dynamic protection systems. modern tanks and penetrate 600 millimeters of homogeneous armor at a distance of 200 meters.

Of course, the design idea could not resist the temptation to make an automatic grenade launcher, in the likeness of a machine gun. Such a device already has a decent weight (from 25 kilograms without grenades) and a fairly high firing range - up to two and a half kilometers. The automatic grenade launcher fires up to 400 grenades per minute, which turns it into a real artillery mount.

Basically it would be worthy replacement classical artillery, light and cheap, if not for a "small" nuance. Due to the low speed of the grenade and its low weight, it is in principle impossible to shoot armor-piercing, high-explosive and high-explosive fragmentation projectiles. As a consequence, a grenade launcher, if we are talking not about shaped charges, can only hit unprotected targets.

And, of course, the range of the shot matters - for example, one of best guns World War II, the Soviet 100mm BS-3 fired 10 rounds per minute at a distance of 20 kilometers. For a grenade launcher, this is an unattainable range.

"Balkan"

To quote Nabokov:

"We delivered a batch of grenade launchers to the troops, but trial operation has not yet begun. This testing stage is scheduled for 2018 by the Russian Ministry of Defense, and now Required documents to start operation. We are aware of some points that need to be addressed, but by the time they are put into service, these issues will be resolved, and the grenade launcher will fully comply with the requirements of the military. We hope that it will be put into service in 2018, and we will make every effort to do this, but you should always keep in mind that this is a new grenade launcher that the military should properly test, the deadline may be shifted to 2019."

From the words of the General Director of Pribor, one can understand that we are dealing with the latest development.

No matter how.

AGS-40 "Balkan" was developed in the early 90s. That is 25 years ago. It was developed on the basis of the experimental Kozlik grenade launcher, which was designed back in the 80s. The developers tried to solve the problems of the USSR's main automatic grenade launcher AGS-17 "Flame" (developed in 1968), which proved itself well in the Afghan conflict, but was not long-range enough and had a small damaging effect. AGS-17 significantly lost to most Western grenade launchers. The VOG-17 grenade used by the grenade launcher provided a radius of continuous destruction by fragments of about four meters.

The developers were faced with the task of increasing the firing range and the striking effect. In the caliber of 30 mm, traditional for the USSR, it was not possible to place either a larger charge or give it greater acceleration. To achieve the goal, it was decided to increase the caliber to 40 millimeters, which, accordingly, led to the weighting of both the charges and the grenade launcher itself.

Note that 40-mm charges for grenade launchers are not a novelty in the arms business. The 40x46 mm grenade launcher ammunition was developed in the USA in the early 60s of the XX century and has been successfully used to this day. Moreover, the range of grenades of this caliber in the United States and other countries is very impressive: from classic fragmentation and tear to buckshot (defeat within a radius of 35 meters), observation (equipped with a video camera), rubber bullet, cumulative, and so on.

For the "Balkan" a non-standard caseless grenade was developed - the "sleeve" flew away along with the grenade itself, representing a kind of rocket. As a result, it was possible to increase the range for the grenade from 1700 meters (for the AGS-17) to 2500. In addition, the radius of destruction during a grenade explosion was doubled.

The developers did not make a special breakthrough, transfer the military industry to new caliber didn't make much sense. In addition, at the same time, the Tula Design Bureau "Priborostroenie" developed a new grenade launcher for the old 30-mm projectile - AGS-30. For him, new grenades GPD-30 and VOG-30 were developed, in addition, he could use grenades from AGS-17. The VOG-30 grenade could fly to a distance of 2200 meters. It was this grenade launcher that went to the troops, was used in the second Chechen war, the South Ossetian conflict of 2008 and in the war in Syria.

"Balkan" repeated the fate of many developments of that time. They are modestly described in professional literature as "temporary economic hardships." For 25 years, the development has become outdated, the designers have either quit or moved to another world, and the world has completely changed. Grenade launchers have become much less relevant - in rich countries, means of fighting tanks have focused on guided missiles, and with manpower - on effective small arms. Yes, and in Russia, automatic grenade launchers, judging by the trends, intend to use mainly for throwing tear gas grenades, that is, you understand why.

A look into the future

Nevertheless, NPO "Pribor" does not leave hopes to introduce "Balkan" after all. In 2008, as many as six grenade launchers "for testing" were sent to the troops. This allowed the management of "Device" to declare good prospects weapons. Let's repeat. For 15 years of "development", the weapon did not even get to military tests, but for "testing" in the troops. Now it's 2018 in the yard. "Balkan" was never introduced.

Yuri Nabokov's arguments about some promising grenades for Balkan are perceived with great doubt. The fact is that there is quite a bit of space inside the 7P39 grenade. The idea of ​​using it for video surveillance was outdated 20 years ago - now penny drones or satellites are used for this.

As for the remote-controlled detonation, this idea should definitely be classified as a fantasy. To remotely detonate a grenade, electronic equipment is required (at least the size of mobile phone), and inside the Balkan grenade, as already mentioned, there is already little space. The installation of a remote detonation system is possible only by reducing the already weak warhead, and how much the cost of one grenade will increase is generally unknown. But significant.

And most importantly, a remote detonation of a grenade is simply not needed. The grenade launcher is not designed for this, but for the rapid and effective destruction of enemy manpower. To control the projectiles and their remote detonation, a completely different technology is used. Turning a grenade launcher into a guided missile is as pointless as putting a homing head on a rifle bullet. That is, in theory it is possible, but it is unrealistically expensive and no one needs it.

To solve the issues of controlled flight and remote detonation, various guided missiles, which are quite compact and inexpensive, have been developed and successfully implemented. Of course, their price is significantly higher than that of a grenade launcher, but the effectiveness is corresponding.

The question arises - why is Yuri Nabokov broadcasting tales about completely outdated weapons to the whole country? We do not know. But there are two options.

Either NPO "Pribor" is in dire need of budget funding and is trying to create an appropriate image for itself. Or "Rostec", which includes NPO "Pribor", came up with another way to receive budget funds. Both of them smell pretty bad.

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