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Hand grenades: purpose, types.
- A grenade is an explosive ammunition designed to destroy enemy manpower and equipment using hand throwing.
- A modern hand grenade consists of a body, an explosive charge and a fuse (fuse).
- The defeat is inflicted by fragments of the hull, a shock wave or a cumulative jet, and also, as an option, by ready-made submunitions (shrapnel). It is made of light alloys, materials of high specific strength and plastics.
- A trained soldier throws a fragmentation grenade at 40-50 meters, an anti-tank grenade at about 20 meters.
- Grenades can have a fuse triggered on different principles of detonation - dynamic(detonation on impact), or delayed(detonation by a fuse with a given delay).
- Detonation with a delay is carried out as follows: when the safety pin is pulled out and the bracket is released, a pre-cocked spring mechanism is triggered, and the striker hits the primer with force from a substance sensitive to shocks (by analogy with firing a shot from a handgun).
- An exploding primer ignites the gunpowder in a thin firing tube. Gunpowder burns at a rate of about 1 cm per second and does not require oxygen, so a grenade can explode underwater. When the fire in the ignition tube reaches the detonator, it explodes and causes detonation explosive, which is equipped with a grenade.
- Depending on the design, the grenade fuse includes an ignition tube with a primer and a detonator, and may also include a spring mechanism with a striker, pin and trigger guard.
- By appointment
- main purpose (intended for direct destruction of the enemy):
- anti-tank (high-explosive, cumulative)
- anti-personnel (fragmentation, high-explosive fragmentation, high-explosive)
- incendiary
- special purpose:
- smoke
- lighting
- signal
- light and sound
- gas
- and others
- training (have the shape and weight of a combat grenade)
- defensive grenades with large radius damage (more explosive power, quantity, quality and range of fragments).
- Defensive grenades are supposed to be used only from behind cover, otherwise they are dangerous for the grenade launcher himself.
- A typical defensive grenade - F-1 (explosive charge - TNT, 60 g; weight 600 g);
- offensive (small explosive charge, fragmentation and damaging effect). Offensive grenades are guaranteed to have a lesser range than the average hand throw range, so they can be used in open spaces.
- Offensive includes, for example, RGD-5 (explosive charge - TNT, 110 g; weight 310 g).
- F-1 - hand-held anti-personnel defensive grenade.
- Designed to defeat manpower in a defensive battle.
- Due to the significant radius of fragmentation, it can only be thrown from behind cover, from an armored personnel carrier or from a tank.
- The F-1 grenade has the following performance characteristics.
- Throw range: 50-60 m
- Fragment damage radius: 7 m
- 200 m - safe distance
- Ignition deceleration time: 3.2-4.5 sec
- Number of fragments up to 300 pieces
- The F-1 grenade belongs to the hand-held anti-personnel fragmentation defensive grenades of remote action.
- Its design turned out to be so successful that it has existed until now without fundamental changes. The design of the fuse was somewhat changed and refined in order to increase the reliability of operation.
- Fuse. The grenade has a universal fuse UZRGM (or UZRG). The fuse of the UZRGM differs from the UZRG by changes in the shape of the trigger guard and the design of the firing pin, which made it possible to reduce the failure rate of the weapon.
- Explosive. Explosive charge - 60 g of TNT. Such grenades have an increased lethality, but the shelf life in warehouses is strictly limited; after the expiration of the grenade, it poses a significant danger.
- Metal shell.
- Externally, the grenade has an oval ribbed
- cast iron body.
- Slicing the body makes it easy to tie
- grenades to the peg and also performs
- ergonomic function, contributing to
- better holding grenades in hand.
- The total weight of a grenade with a fuse is 600 g.
- RGD-5 - Soviet offensive hand grenade, refers to anti-personnel fragmentation hand grenades of remote offensive type. This means that it is designed to destroy enemy personnel with hull fragments during its explosion.
- The grenade reaches its target by throwing it with the hand. Remote action - means that the grenade will explode after a certain time (3.2-4.2 seconds) after it is released, regardless of other conditions. Offensive type - means that grenade fragments have a small mass and fly at a distance less than the possible throw range.
- Externally, the grenade has an oval body made of thin steel. The streamlined body is assembled from the top and bottom parts, each of which includes an outer shell and liner. The opening for the fuse during storage is closed with a plastic stopper. .
- Explosive charge - TNT weighing 110 grams.
- The range of fragmentation is 30 meters.
- The grenade fuse is universal, also suitable for RG-42 and F-1 grenades.
- Brand sunk: UZRG, UZRGM (since the second half of the 1950s), or UZRGM-2. All of these fuses are interchangeable.
- Mass of a grenade with a fuse 310 g
- RGO (defensive hand grenade) - hand-held anti-personnel defensive strike-remote grenade.
- Designed to defeat manpower in a defensive battle. The grenade is delivered to the target only due to its throw by the soldier's hand.
- The radius of destruction by grenade fragments is 50 meters, the radius of possible damage is 100 meters. In terms of performance characteristics, it is generally similar to the F-1 grenade, but unlike it, it has a combined shock-remote fuse.
- Self-destruction time 3.2-4.2 sec.
- Long-range cocking time 1.3-1.8 sec.
- Weight 530 g
- Detonation mechanism: UDZS fuse with a deceleration time of 3.2-4.2 seconds.
- A grenade explosion occurs when a grenade hits a surface. For the fuse, it does not matter which part of the grenade hit the surface. The only thing that matters is the deceleration speed of the grenade when it hits the ground.
- In order to increase the safety of the grenade launcher in case of a random encounter of a grenade with an obstacle at a close distance from the grenade launcher, the fuse is cocked only after 1.3-1.8 seconds. after the safety lever is released (a grenade is thrown). That is, if the grenade hits something at this time, then the explosion will not occur at all.
- If the grenade explosion did not occur from a percussion fuse (the grenade was not thrown, but the lever was released; the grenade is still in flight; the grenade fell into water or loose snow), then after 3.2-4.2 seconds after the safety lever is released, self-destruction of a grenade by its detonation.
- RGN (offensive hand grenade) anti-personnel fragmentation shock-remote.
- Designed to defeat manpower in combat.
- The radius of destruction by fragments of a grenade is 15 meters, the radius of a possible defeat is 35 meters.
- The RGN fuse is cocked only 1.3-1.8 seconds after the safety lever is released.
- Weight 290 g
- Detonation mechanism UDZS fuse with deceleration time 3.2-4.2 s
Class: 10
Presentation for the lesson
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Target:
- Explain to students what hand grenades are for, tell about their device and combat properties.
- Develop knowledge of weapons and the ability to use them.
- Cultivate care, caution and ingenuity.
Time: 40 minutes.
Place: OBJ class.
Method: lecture, show presentation.
Benefits: computer, multimedia projector, screen, models of RGD-5 and F-1 grenades, UZRGM training fuse, posters for fire training.
Literature: OBZh textbook Grade 10 (M.P. Frolov, E.N. Litvinov, A.T. Smirnov.) 2010. OBZh lesson development class 10 (A.T. Smirnov, B.O. Khrennikov).
During the classes
Introductory part - 5 minutes.
- Building and checking students according to the list;
- General issues;
- Study questions:
- The history of the creation of grenades.
- Types of grenades.
- The purpose of hand fragmentation grenades and their combat properties.
- The device of manual fragmentation grenades of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
- Device UZRGM and UDZ.
The main part is 32 minutes.
I. The history of the creation of grenades.
Grana "ta (Spanish: Granada - grenade) is an explosive ammunition designed to destroy enemy manpower and equipment using hand throwing.
The name comes from the name of the pomegranate fruit, since the early types of pomegranates were similar in shape and size to the fruit and by analogy with the grains inside the fruit and the flying fragments of the grenade.
prototype hand grenades there were clay vessels with lime or incendiary mixture, which were used from the 9th century. The first grenades were also made mainly from clay, the effectiveness of this weapon in terms of causing damage is highly doubtful. Rather, the result of their use was the demoralization of the enemy - in those days battle formations were very dense, so that a grenade thrown at the enemy forced the soldiers to break the formation, scatter in panic, push / trample / drop each other, disrupting the advancement and maneuvering of the detachments with these evolutions.
In 1405, Konrad Kaiser von Eichstadt proposed casting cast iron casings for throwing projectiles and making a cavity in a powder projectile, which increased the likelihood of the casing being crushed into fragments.
In field battles, grenades began to be actively used in the 17th century. In 1667, soldiers (4 people per company) were allocated in the English troops specifically for throwing shells. These fighters are called grenadiers". Only soldiers with excellent physical shape and training could become them. After all, the higher the soldier and the stronger, the farther he will be able to throw a grenade. Following the example of the British, this type of weapon was introduced in the armies of almost all states.
Germany was the first to realize that a great future was destined for grenades, and set up their mass production before the start of World War I. famous F-1- "lemon" was made by the French in 1914 (inventor - engineer Lemon), and by 15-16. almost all countries participating in the war again put the production of grenades on stream. The division of projectiles into offensive and defensive ones took place during the “lull”, between the I and II World Wars.
II. Types of grenades.
By purpose, grenades are divided into:
- main purpose (intended for direct destruction of the enemy):
- anti-tank (high-explosive, cumulative)
- anti-personnel (fragmentation, high-explosive fragmentation, high-explosive)
- incendiary
- special purpose:
- smoke
- lighting
- signal
- gas
- and others
- training (have the shape and weight of a combat grenade)
Among the hand-held anti-personnel grenades are:
defensive grenades with a large radius of destruction (more explosive power, quantity, quality and range of fragments). Defensive grenades are supposed to be used only from behind cover, otherwise they are dangerous for the grenade launcher himself. Typical defensive grenade - F-1, RGO.
offensive (small explosive charge, fragmentation and damaging effect). Offensive grenades are guaranteed to have a lesser range than the average hand throw range, so they can be used in open spaces. Offensive ones include RGD-5, RGN.
III. Purpose of hand fragmentation grenades and their combat properties.
Hand-held fragmentation grenades are designed to destroy enemy personnel with fragments in close combat (in open areas, in trenches or communications, when fighting in a populated area, in a forest or mountains). Depending on the range of the fragments, grenades are divided into offensive (RGD-5, RGN) and defensive (F-1, RGO).
Hand fragmentation grenades are equipped with fuses UZRGM (modernized unified hand grenade fuse) and UDZ (shock-remote fuse).
| No. p / p | characteristics | Unit | grenades | |||
| RGD-5 | F-1 | RGN | Russian Geographical Society | |||
| 1 | grenade type | Advance. | Defense. | Advance. | Defense. | |
| 2 | Weight of equipped grenade | G. | 310 | 600 | 310 | 530 |
| 3 | Bursting charge mass | G. | 60 | 75 | 114 | 92 |
| 4 | Scattering radius of lethal fragments | M | 25 | 200 | 24 | 150 |
| 5 | The radius of the zone of effective destruction of manpower | M | 5 | 7 | 8 | 12 |
| 6 | Medium range grenade throw | M. | 30-45 | 20-40 | 30-45 | 20-40 |
| 7 | Grenade fuse | UZRGM | UZRGM | UDZ | UDZ | |
| 8 | Flame retarder burning time | FROM. | 3,2-4,2 | 3,2-4,2 | 3,3-4,3 | 3,3-4,3 |
IV. The device of manual fragmentation grenades of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade consists of a body with a tube for a fuse, an explosive charge and a fuse.
The body of the grenade serves to place an explosive charge, a tube for a fuse, as well as to form fragments during a grenade explosion. It consists of two parts - upper and lower.
Top part The body consists of an outer shell, called a cap, and a cap liner. A tube for the fuse is attached to the upper part with the help of a cuff. The tube serves to attach the fuse to the grenade and to seal the bursting charge in the case. To protect the tube from contamination, a plastic stopper is screwed into it. When preparing a grenade for throwing, instead of a cork, a fuse is screwed into the tube.
The bottom of the body consists of an outer shell called a sump and a sump liner. The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments.
The F-1 hand fragmentation grenade consists of a body, an explosive charge and a fuse.
The body of the grenade serves to place an explosive charge and fuse, as well as to form fragments during a grenade explosion. The body of the grenade is cast iron, with longitudinal and transverse grooves. In the upper part of the body there is a threaded hole for screwing in the fuse.
When storing, transporting and carrying a grenade, a plastic plug is screwed into this hole.
The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments.
1 - a glass with a cuff
2 - upper hemisphere
3 - lower hemisphere
1 - a glass with a cuff
2 - upper outer and inner hemispheres
3 - lower outer and inner hemispheres
V. Device UZRGM and UDZ.
The fuse of the UZRGM grenade (modernized unified fuse of a hand grenade) is intended for the explosion of an explosive charge.
It consists of a percussion mechanism and the fuse itself:
Impact mechanism:
1 - tube percussion mechanism
3 - mainspring
4 - drummer
5 - drummer washer
6 - trigger lever
7 - safety pin with a ring
8 - connecting sleeve
9 - capsule - igniter
10 - retarder bushing
11 - moderator
12 - capsule - detonator
Slide #10
In official use, the drummer is constantly in the cocked state and is held by the fork of the trigger lever. The trigger lever is connected to the tube of the percussion mechanism by a safety pin. Before throwing a grenade, a plastic stopper is turned out and a fuse is screwed into its place.
When throwing a grenade, take it in your hand so that the trigger lever is pressed with your fingers to the body of the grenade. Continuing to press the trigger lever tightly, the ends of the safety checks are compressed (straightened) with the free hand, which is pulled out of the fuse with a finger by the ring. After pulling out the checks, the position of the parts of the fuse does not change. At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever separates and releases the drummer. The drummer under the action of the mainspring pierces the igniter capsule. The beam of fire from the primer ignites the moderator and, having passed it, is transmitted to the detonator cap. The explosion of the detonator cap initiates the detonation of the bursting charge. The explosion of the bursting charge crushes the body of the grenade into fragments.
Shock-remote fuse UDZ
Safety mechanism
2 - trigger lever
3 - drummer with a sting
4 - mainspring
5 - ring with check
6 - bar
7 - plug
8 - capsule - igniter
Long cocking mechanism
9 - powder fuses
10 - capsule - igniter
11 - engine
12 - spring
Target sensor
13 - sting
14 - spring
15 - sleeve
16 - bushing
17 - cargo
Self-liquidator mechanism
18 - retarder
19 - capsule - detonator
Detonation node
20 - capsule - detonator
Slide #11
The work of parts and mechanisms after throwing RGD-5 and F-1 grenades
At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever is separated from the grenade and releases the drummer. The drummer, under the action of the mainspring, strikes (pricks) the igniter primer and ignites it. The beam of fire from the igniter primer ignites the moderator (the remote part of the fuse) and, having passed it, is transferred to the detonator cap.
The blasting cap explodes and detonates the explosive charge of the grenade. The body of the grenade is torn apart, and fragments of the body and the fuse scatter in different directions.
Slide #12
Interaction of parts and mechanisms of RGN and RGS.
Starting position
In the initial position, the drummer with a sting (3) and the plug with the primer-igniter (7) are held by the trigger lever. The trigger lever is connected to the fuse body by a safety pin. The engine (11) with the primer-igniter (10) is displaced relative to the tip (13) and is held by the stoppers of the powder fuses (9), its spring (12) is in a compressed state. The sleeve (16) under the influence of the spring (14) compresses the load (17).
The position of parts and mechanisms in service circulation
When preparing a grenade for a throw, the trigger lever is tightly pressed with fingers to the body of the grenade, the ends of the safety pins are straightened with the fingers of the free hand, then they are pulled out by the ring, while the position of the parts of the fuse does not change. At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever separates and releases the striker with a sting (3) and the bar (6). The plug (7) with the primer-igniter comes out of the socket of the fuse body. The drummer under the action of the mainspring (4) pierces the igniter primer (8) with a sting. The beam of fire ignites the powder-filled fuses (9) and the pyrotechnic composition of the self-liquidator retarder (18). After 1-1.8 sec. the powder compositions of the fuses burn out and their stoppers under the influence of the springs disengage from the engine (11). The engine under the influence of the spring (12) becomes in combat position.
The long-range cocking mechanism prevents the grenade from detonating if it is accidentally dropped from the hand.
Interaction of parts and mechanisms when throwing and meeting a grenade with an obstacle (surface)
When it encounters an obstacle (surface), the load (17) moves in the direction of the inertial force component and acts on the sleeve (16). The sleeve, overcoming the resistance of the spring (14), displaces the tip, which pricks the igniter cap (10). The beam of fire is transmitted to the detonator cap (20), which causes the explosive charge to detonate.
In case of failure of the fuse in inertial action after 3.3 - 4.3 seconds. the composition of the moderator burns out, the detonator cap (19) of the self-liquidator ignites, causing the detonation assembly to explode.
Slide #13
Myths about the pomegranate
A hand grenade explodes so hard that it destroys small buildings, scatters people to the sides. Error. In cinema, such effects are created with the help of pyrotechnics. In reality, a hand grenade is not capable of causing significant damage. A grenade does not always kill a person, even if it explodes in close proximity to him.
A hand grenade explodes with a deafening noise, a ball of fire rises. Error. In cinema, such effects are created with the help of pyrotechnics. In reality, the grenade explodes with a sharp bang, raising a small cloud of dust.
The grenade ring can be pulled out with your teeth. Error. Without straightening the antennae, the ring (or, more precisely, the pin) is almost impossible to pull out even by hand. After straightening the antennae, the check is still pulled out with great difficulty. This is done to avoid accidental dropping (pulling out) of checks.
The radius of the grenade is 200 meters, which means that when it explodes, the fragments kill all life in this radius. Error. Even if we assume that during the explosion the body of the grenade is crushed evenly, it also scatters evenly to the sides and each fragment flies 200 meters, the probability of such a fragment hitting a person is approximately 8 hits per 100 thousand explosions. In reality, fragments rarely fly at a distance of more than 70-80 meters.
The final part is 3 minutes.
Announcement and commentary of grades received for the lesson.
Homework: know the types and purpose, characteristics and principle of operation of hand-held fragmentation grenades, and fuses UZRGM and UDZ (compendium).
Formation and farewell to the platoon.
PUBLIC LESSON
Lecturer: Zhumabekova S.K.
Theme: Hand Grenades
Purpose: To familiarize students with hand grenades RGD - 5, RGN and RGO, F - 1.
Educational: expand the horizons of students about hand grenades RGD - 5, RGN and RGO, F - 1.
Developing: develop students' ability to act correctly in emergency situations;
Educational: to cultivate respect for the subject of NVP
Interview homework: "The work of parts and mechanisms of the machine gun (machine gun)."
- 1. What does the trigger retarder do under the action of its spring?
- 2. Where is the interpreter?
- 3. What needs to be done to load the machine gun (machine gun)?
- 4. What happens when setting up an AB fire?
- 5. How does the bullet move?
- III. Main part.
- 1. What is the manual fragmentation grenade RGD - 5, RGN and RGO, F - 1 for?
- Purpose and combat properties of grenades?
- 2. What types of hand grenades are in service with the army of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
- 3. The work of parts and mechanisms of grenades.
- Hand-held fragmentation grenades are designed to defeat enemy manpower in close combat (when attacking, in trenches, shelters, settlements, in the forest, in the mountains, etc.)
RGN and RGS
- The radius of expansion of lethal fragments of a grenade is about 25 m. The average range of a grenade throw is 40–50 m. The mass of an equipped grenade is 310 g.
- Characteristics of RGN Weight, kg: 290 g Length, mm: 113 mm Diameter, mm: 60 mm Explosive: A-IX-1 (96% hexogen, 4% wax) (plastite) Mass of explosive, g: 97 g Detonation mechanism: Ignition UDZ with a deceleration time of 3.3-4.3 s
- Characteristics of the RGS Weight, kg: 530 g Length, mm: 113 mm Diameter, mm: 61 mm Mass of explosive, g: 92 g Detonation mechanism: UDZ fuse with deceleration time 3.3-4.3 sec.
2. In service with the army of Kazakhstan are:
- - hand grenade RGD - 5;
- - hand grenades RGN and RGO;
- - hand grenade F - 1.
- Depending on the range of the fragments, grenades are divided into offensive and defensive. Hand grenades RGD - 5 and RGN are offensive, grenade F - 1 and RGO are defensive.
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Slides captions:
GBOU Cadet School of the Pushkinsky District of St. Petersburg The device and principle of operation of hand grenades Completed by: Educator of the GPA Voronov Yu.A. Pavlovsk
The device, combat properties, and the principle of operation of hand fragmentation grenades
Grenade (Spanish: Granada - grenade) - explosive ammunition designed to defeat enemy personnel and equipment using manual throwing.
Grenadier Instructor Jr. Unger officer of the 12th Astrakhan Grenadier Regiment, 1917 Bettie hand grenade arr. 1915
F-1 Lemon grenade 1915 Tinder fuse grenade 1916
No. item / item characteristics Unit. rev. grenades RGD-5 F-1 1 Grenade type Offensive. Defense. 2 Mass of the loaded grenade G. 310 600 3 Mass of the bursting charge G. 60 75 4 Radius of lethal fragments spread M. 25 200 5 Radius of the zone of effective destruction of manpower M. 5 7 6 Average throwing range of the grenade M. 30-45 20-40 7 Fuse of the grenade UZRGM UZRGM 8 Burning time of the fuse retarder C. 3.2-4.2 3.2-4.2
RGD - 5 General view 1 - igniter tube with cuff 2 - cap with insert 3 - pan with insert
F - 1 General view Device
UZRGM Striking mechanism: 1. Striking mechanism tube 2. Guide washer 3. Mainspring 4. Drummer 5. Drummer washer 6. Trigger lever 7. Safety pin with ring 8. Connecting sleeve Ignition: 9. Igniter capsule 10. Retarder sleeve 11 .Retarder 12. Capsule - detonator
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TRAINING QUESTIONS: 1) Purpose, combat properties and manual device fragmentation grenade RGD-5 (Purpose and combat properties of a grenade. Device of a grenade. Work of parts and mechanisms of a grenade.); 2) Purpose, combat properties and device of the F-1 hand fragmentation grenade. (The purpose and combat properties of the grenade. The device of the grenade.); 3) Handling, caring for and saving grenades.
Purpose, combat properties and device of the RGD-5 manual fragmentation grenade .). Rice. General view of hand fragmentation grenades: a - RGD-5: b - RG-42; in - F-1. The army of Kazakhstan is armed with: - hand grenade RGD-5; - hand grenade RG-42; - F-1 hand grenade.
The hand-held fragmentation grenade RGD-5 of remote action is designed to defeat enemy manpower in the offensive and in defense. Throwing a grenade is carried out from various positions when operating on foot and on an armored personnel carrier (car). The radius of expansion of lethal fragments fans is about 25 m. The average range of a grenade throw is m. The mass of equipped fans is 310 g.
The RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade (Fig.) consists of a body with a tube for a fuse, an explosive charge, etc. fuse. The body of the fan is designed to contain an explosive charge, a tube for the fuse, and also to collect fragments during the explosion of the fan. It consists of two parts - upper and lower.
The upper part of the body consists of an outer shell called a cap and a cap liner. A fuse tube is attached to the upper part with the help of a cuff. The tube serves to connect the fuse to the fan and to seal the bursting charge in the housing. To protect the tube from contamination, a plastic stopper is screwed into it. When preparing a grenade for throwing, instead of a cork, a fuse is screwed into the tube. The bottom of the body consists of an outer shell called a sump and a sump liner.
The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments. The fuse of the UZRGM grenade (modernized unified fuse of a hand grenade) is intended for the explosion of an explosive charge (Fig.). It consists of a percussion mechanism and the fuse itself.
Rice. The device of manual fragmentation fans RGD-5: 1 - body; 2 - bursting charge; 3 - cap; 4 - cap insert; 5-tube for fuse; 6 - cuff; 7 - fuse; 8 - pallet; 9 - pallet insert. Rice. The fuse of the UZRGM grenade: a - general form; b - in the context; 1-fuse; 2- shock mechanism; 3 - safety check; 4 - tube percussion mechanism; 5 - mainspring; 6 - drummer washer; 7 - connecting sleeve; 8 - moderator; 9 - primer-detonator; 10 - guide washer; 11 - drummer; 12 - primer - igniter; 13 - retarder bushing; 14 - trigger lever.
The mainspring is used to inform the drummer of the energy necessary to prick the igniter capsule. It is put on the drummer and rests with its upper end against the guide washer, and with its lower end against the drummer washer. The drummer (fig.) is used to prick and ignite the igniter capsule. It is placed inside the tube of the percussion mechanism. The drummer washer is put on the lower end of the drummer and is a stop for the lower end of the mainspring.
The trigger lever (fig.) keeps the drummer in the cocked position (the mainspring is compressed). On the tube of the percussion mechanism, the trigger lever is held by a safety pin. The safety pin (fig.) passes through the holes of the eye of the trigger lever and the walls of the tube of the percussion mechanism and has a ring for pulling out.
The fuse (Fig.) serves to explode the explosive charge of the grenade. It consists of a retarder bushing of an igniter cap, a retarder and a detonator cap. The retarder sleeve in the upper part has a thread for connection with the tube of the percussion mechanism and a socket for an igniter capsule, inside a channel in which the retarder is placed, and a groove on the outside for attaching a detonator capsule sleeve. The igniter capsule is designed to ignite the moderator.
The retarder transmits the beam of fire from the igniter cap to the detonator cap. It consists of pressurized gas. The detonator cap is used to detonate the explosive charge of the grenade. It is placed in a sleeve fixed at the bottom of the retarder bushing. The fuses are always in combat position. It is strictly forbidden to disassemble the fuses and check the operation of the percussion mechanism.
The operation of parts and mechanisms of a grenade Before throwing a grenade, unscrew the cork from the tube, and screw the fuse in its place until it stops. The parts of the firing mechanism of the fuse are in the following position: the drummer is cocked and held in the upper position by the fork of the trigger lever connected to the tube of the firing mechanism by a safety pin; the ends of the safety checks are divorced and firmly hold it in the heat of the moment. When throwing a grenade, it is taken in the hand so that the trigger lever is pressed against its body with the fingers. Without releasing the lever, the safety pin is pulled out and the grenade is thrown at the target. After pulling out the checks, the position of the parts of the fuse does not change, the drummer in the cocked position is held by the trigger lever, which is released from the connection with the tube of the percussion mechanism, but is pressed against it with the fingers of the hand.
At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever is separated from it and releases the drummer, which, under the influence of the mainspring, strikes (pricks) the igniter primer and ignites it. The beam of fire from the igniter primer ignites the moderator (the remote part of the fuse) and, having passed it, is transferred to the detonator cap. The blasting cap explodes and detonates the bursting charge of the fans. The body of the grenade is torn apart, and fragments of the body and the fuse scatter in different directions.
The RG-42 hand-held fragmentation grenade of remote action is designed to defeat enemy manpower in the offensive and in defense. Throwing a grenade is carried out from various positions when moving on foot and on an armored personnel carrier (car). The radius of expansion of lethal fragments during a grenade explosion is about 25 m. The average range of a grenade throw is 3040 m. The mass of the equipped fan is 420 g.
The RG-42 hand fragmentation grenade (fig.) consists of a body with a tube for a fuse, a metal tape, an explosive charge and a fuse. The case is designed to accommodate an explosive charge, a metal tape, a fuse tube, and also for fragments during a grenade explosion. The body is cylindrical, has a bottom and a lid. A tube with a flange is attached to the lid. When storing and carrying a grenade, the tube is closed with a plastic stopper or a metal cap. The metal tape serves to form fragments during the explosion of a grenade; it is rolled up in 3-4 layers inside the body. To increase the number of fragments, the surface of the tape is notched into squares. An explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the fans into fragments. The fuse of the UZRGM grenade (see fig.) is intended to explode an explosive charge fans.
Purpose, combat properties and device of the F-1 hand-held fragmentation grenade The F-1 hand-held fragmentation grenade of remote action is designed to defeat manpower mainly in defensive combat. You can throw a grenade from various positions and only from behind cover, from an armored personnel carrier or a tank (self-propelled artillery mount). The radius of scattering of lethal fragments during a grenade explosion is about 200 m. The average range of a grenade throw is m. The mass of an equipped grenade is 600 g.
Grenade device: The F-1 hand fragmentation grenade (fig.) consists of a body, an explosive charge and a fuse. The case is designed to accommodate an explosive charge and a fuse, as well as to form fragments during a grenade explosion. The body of the grenade is cast iron with longitudinal and transverse grooves, along which the grenade usually breaks into fragments. In the upper part of the body there is a threaded hole for screwing in the fuse. When storing, transporting and carrying a grenade, a plastic plug is screwed into this hole. The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments. The fuse of the UZRGM grenade (see Fig. 74) is intended to explode the explosive charge of the grenade.
Grenade Handling, Care and Saving Grenades are delivered to the troops in wooden boxes, with fans, handles and fuses placed separately in metal boxes. There is a knife to open the boxes. On the walls and lid of the box there is a marking indicating: the number of fans in the box, their weight, the name of the fan and fuses, the manufacturer's number, the batch number of the fan, the year of manufacture and the danger sign. All stocks of grenades and fuses, except for wearable ones, must be stored in their original packaging. Soldiers carry grenades in special bags (fig.). The fuses are placed in them separately from the grenades, while each fuse must be wrapped in paper or a clean rag. In tanks (armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery mounts), grenades and fuses separately from them are placed in bags.
Before packing in the bag and before loading, the fans and fuses are inspected. When inspecting, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the body of the grenade does not have deep dents and rust; the fuse tube was not clogged and had no through damage; the fuse was clean and free of rust and bruises; the ends of the safety pins were separated and did not have cracks in the bends. Fuses with cracks or with a green coating are unsuitable for use.
It is necessary to protect grenades and fuses from strong shocks, blows, fire, dirt and dampness. If the grenades were dirty or soaked, then at the first opportunity they should be thoroughly wiped and dried in the sun or in a warm room, but not near the fire. Drying grenades must be done under supervision. Grenades stored in bags for a long time should be inspected periodically. Defective grenades and fuses are handed over to the warehouse for destruction. Loading a grenade (inserting a fuse) is allowed only before throwing it.
Combat grenades are issued to soldiers only trained to handle them. It is forbidden to disassemble live grenades and fix malfunctions in them, carry grenades outside the bags (hung by the safety pin ring), as well as touching unexploded grenades is prohibited. To study the device of grenades, techniques and rules for throwing them, they use training, training and imitation grenades and posters. Soldiers who have successfully completed exercises in throwing training and training-imitation grenades are allowed to throw combat grenades.
When training in throwing live grenades, the following precautions must be observed: 1) trainees must be in steel helmets; 2) before loading, inspect grenades and fuses; in case of detection of malfunctions, report to the commander; 3) throwing defensive fragmentation and anti-tank grenades from a trench or from behind a shelter not penetrated by fragments, under the direction of an officer; 4) when throwing several by one trainee, throw each subsequent grenade not less than 5 s after the explosion of the previous one;
5) if the grenade was not thrown (the safety pin was not removed), then it can be discharged only on command and under the direct supervision of the commander; 6) keep a record of unexploded grenades and mark the places of their fall with red flags; at the end of throwing, destroy unexploded grenades by detonation at the place of impact in accordance with the rules set forth in the Guidelines for Storage and Saving artillery weapons and ammunition in the troops; detonation of grenades (fuses) is organized by the unit commander;
7) cordon off the area for throwing hand grenades within a radius of at least 300 m; eight) personnel, not engaged in throwing grenades, take to a shelter or to a safe distance from the firing line (no closer than 350 m); 9) mark the starting position for throwing grenades with white flags, the firing line with red ones; 10) equip the point for issuing grenades and fuses in a shelter no closer than 25 m from the starting position.
Questions and tasks: 1. What do you know about the handling of grenades and how to save them? 2. What is the purpose and what are the combat properties of the RGD-5 and F-1 hand fragmentation grenades 3. What is the device of the RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade? 4. What is the device of the UZRGM fuse? 5. What are the features of the F-1 hand fragmentation grenade device? 6. Tell us about the purpose and combat properties of the F grenade What is the RG-42 hand fragmentation grenade for? 8. Tell us about the design and combat properties of the RG hand fragmentation grenade What is the RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade intended for? 10. What types of hand grenades are in service with the army of the Republic of Kazakhstan? 11. Tell us about the device and combat properties of the RGD manual fragmentation grenade. How do the parts and mechanisms of the ganata work when it is thrown?
