What time does the sun rise. How to determine the sunrise and sunset for your locality

On this page of the site you can easily calculate the time of sunrise, sunset and twilight for today and for any day.

The part of the day after sunset is called evening twilight, and before sunrise it is called morning twilight.

Evening twilight begins at sunset and continues until the height of the center of the Sun's disk becomes -7°. Morning civil twilight begins before sunrise, when the altitude of its center is -7°, and ends at sunrise.

Astronomical twilight differs from civil twilight in that the moment when the height of the center of the Sun is -18 ° is taken as their beginning or end. They are longer than civilian ones. Visually, the evening civil twilight ends when the first bright stars appear in the sky. Evening astronomical twilight ends when night falls and faint stars appear in the sky.

In summer, when the Sun is not deep below the horizon, civil twilight can last from sunset to sunrise north of the geographic latitude of 59°5, and astronomical twilight north of the geographic latitude of 48°5.

Basic definitions

1. The height of the Sun at the point where the surface is located is the angle between the direction to the Sun and the horizontal plane passing through the given point.
2. Azimuth of the Sun - the angle between the horizontal projection of the beam on the Sun and the plane of the meridian. Moreover, this angle is measured from the south clockwise.

Using the form below, you can now calculate dusk, sunrise and sunset times for any city and for any time.
For northern hemisphere latitude is positive, west longitudes are negative. The time zone is the difference between Greenwich Mean Time and local time. For example, for Moscow in winter: 3 hours, during summer time: 4 hours.

Calculation of solar parameters

Latitude and longitude for famous cities

Belgorod: Latitude: 44° 48"N, Longitude: 20° 28"E
Bryansk: Latitude: 53° 20"N, Longitude: 34° 14"E
Vladimir: Latitude: 56° 8"N, Longitude: 40° 23"E
Vologda: Latitude: 59° 12"N, Longitude: 39° 51"E
Voronezh: Latitude: 51° 39"N, Longitude: 39° 10"E
Ivanovo: Latitude 57°00"N, Longitude 40°59"E
Kaluga: Latitude: 54° 34"N, Longitude: 36° 22"E
Kostroma: Latitude: 57° 44"N, Longitude: 40° 57"E
Kursk: Latitude: 51° 39"N, Longitude: 36° 11"E
Lipetsk: Latitude: 52° 35"N, Longitude: 39° 37"E
Eagle: Latitude: 52° 56"N, Longitude: 36° 6"E
Ryazan: Latitude: 54° 38"N, Longitude: 39° 42"E
Smolensk: Latitude 54°47"N Longitude 32°03"E
Tambov: Latitude: 52° 46"N, Longitude: 41° 21"E
Tver: Latitude 56°52"N, Longitude 35°55"E
Tula: Latitude: 54°12"N, Longitude: 37°37"E
Yaroslavl: Latitude: 57° 35"N, Longitude: 39° 55"E

Determine the latitude and longitude of your city

1. Atlas is taken.
2. Choose a map of your area.
3. Looking for your city.
4. Look at the numbers from above and from the side - they will indicate the desired coordinates.

Twilight is divided into three periods depending on the magnitude of the Sun's declination.

1. Civil twilight. They begin at the moment the sun sets below the horizon and end when the sun is below the horizon at a height of 6 degrees. Visibility is limited, most visible in the sky bright stars, but the horizon is clearly visible in clear weather. It is necessary to turn on the headlights, but the need for artificial lighting outdoors comes only with the end of civil twilight.
2. Navigational twilight. They begin at the end of civil twilight and end when the sun is below the horizon at an altitude of 12 degrees. The illumination drops so much that it is impossible to read without artificial lighting, the visibility of surrounding objects is extremely low, the visibility of the horizon is limited. With the end of navigational twilight, the horizon disappears from sight, and it becomes impossible to use navigational instruments.
3. Astronomical twilight. They begin at the end of navigational twilight and end when the sun is below the horizon at an altitude of 18 degrees. Traces of natural light cannot be fixed with devices; absolute darkness.

Sun

The sun is the central star solar system, around which other objects of the system revolve (planets and their satellites, dwarf planets and their satellites, asteroids, meteoroids, comets and cosmic dust). The mass of the Sun is 99.8% of the total mass of the entire solar system. According to the spectral classification, the Sun belongs to the type G2V (“yellow dwarf”).

The radius of the Sun is about 696,000 km, which is 109 times the radius of the Earth, it is interesting that the polar and equatorial diameters differ by no more than 10 km, the Sun is an almost perfect ball. The volume of the Sun exceeds the Earth's by 1,300,000 times. The mass of the Sun is about 330,000 Earth masses. The average density of the Sun is low - only 1.4 g/cm3, although in the center it reaches 150 g/cm3. Every second, the Sun radiates 3.84×10 26 J of energy, which in mass-energy equivalent corresponds to a mass loss of 4.26 million tons per second.

Age of the Sun: 4.57 billion years.

Mass of the Sun: Mass 1.9891 × 10 30 kg, this is (332,946 Earth masses).
The radius of the Sun is: 695,990 km or 109 Earth radii.
Distance from the Earth to the Sun: 149,600,000 km, light travels this distance in 8.31 light minutes.

Luminosity of the Sun: 3.846×10 33 erg/sec.
The temperature of the surface of the Sun is 5770 K, and in the center of the Sun it is already 15,600,000 K.
Plasma density on the surface of the Sun: 2.07×10 -7 g/cm 3 (10,000 times less than the density of air at atmospheric pressure).
Plasma density in the center of the Sun: 150 g/cm 3 .

Chemical composition on the surface: 70% hydrogen (H), 28% helium (He), the remaining elements by weight account for no more than 2%.
The chemical composition in the center of the Sun: 35% hydrogen (H), 63% helium (He), the remaining elements by mass account for no more than 2%.

Acceleration of free fall on the Sun: 274 m/s 2 (almost 30 times greater than on the surface of the Earth).
The second cosmic velocity (required to overcome the solar attraction and move away from the sun at an arbitrary distance) on the surface of the Sun is 618 km / s.

The angular size of the Sun for an earthly observer: 0.5 degrees (30 arc minutes).
The stellar magnitude of the Sun seen from the Earth: -26.7m.
Absolute magnitude of the Sun: +4.83m.

Rotation speed at the equator: 1 revolution in 25 days.
Rotation speed at the poles: 1 rotation in 30 days.
The inclination of the axis of rotation of the Sun: 82 ° 45 "to the plane of the earth's orbit.

Sun orbit parameters

Distance from the center of the Galaxy: 2.5×10 17 km (26,000 light years).
Distance from the plane of the Galaxy: 4.6×10 14 km (48 light years).
Galactic orbital period: 2.25−2.50×10 8 years.
The speed of movement in orbit around the center of the Galaxy: 217 km / s.
Movement speed relative to neighboring stars of the Galaxy: 20 km/s.

• The Sun is currently in inner edge The Orion Arms of our Galaxy (between the Perseus Arm and the Sagittarius Arm) in the so-called Local Interstellar Cloud - an area of ​​increased density, located, in turn, in a lower density "Local Bubble" - a zone of dispersed high-temperature interstellar gas.

Sometimes, for example, going to hiking It is extremely important for us to know the time of sunrise and sunset. I would like to find myself in civilized places before dark. But how do we calculate when to leave and when to return? Easily! Look at the tear-off calendar. There, for each day, it is indicated to the minute when the sun rises and when it sets. Add to this another half an hour to an hour (depending on the distance from the equator and clear / overcast weather) for dawn and evening twilight, and you get the duration daylight hours.

However, in this advice - to be guided by a tear-off calendar - there is one but. So we will know the time of sunrise and sunset, for example, in Moscow, but by no means in our area. And here we must move from the lyrics to the dry language of numbers. Ready? Then read our article and calculate the daylight hours for your area.

What geographic parameters are involved in the calculation

In relation to our star, the planet Earth rotates at a speed of fifteen degrees per hour. The Sun occupies its highest position in the sky at noon. And in this paragraph, one should take into account the correction for the possible summer time, when the chronometers of many countries willfully (that is, without coordination with the Cosmos) are moved forward an hour. Then the sun is at its zenith at one o'clock in the afternoon. But that's not all.

There is also the concept of "true noon". The earth is divided into time zones. Each of them is quite a vast territory. Therefore, in settlements located to the east or west of the hour meridian (where noon occurs exactly at 12:00), it is observed earlier or later. Thus, it is necessary to establish the longitude at which the settlement of interest to us is located. To determine the sunrise / sunset, we need to know the latitude of the area relative to the equator.

Magic dates of the equinox and solstice

Twice a year, the Earth rotates to our luminary at an angle of 90 degrees. This year it will happen on March 19 and September 22. These days, anywhere in the world, sunrise and sunset will occur at six o'clock (morning and evening, respectively). That's when it's convenient to calculate local time! In the north, dusk and dawn play in the sky for a long time. In tropical latitudes, the sun dives quickly below the horizon. But this is not the main thing. After all, daylight hours can optically become smaller due to simple cloudiness.

Two more dates should be remembered: the winter and summer solstices. For the northern hemisphere, December 21 is the day with the longest night. And on June 21, the sun is in no hurry to leave the sky. On this date, night does not fall on the Arctic Circle, and on December 21 it does not change into daylight. But when the dawn comes in the summer and winter solstice in the area of ​​interest?

Sunrise and sunset in Moscow

Consider the algorithm for calculating the length of daylight hours and, consequently, the time of dawn and sunset using the example of the capital. On the nineteenth of March in Moscow, however, as elsewhere on the globe, it will be light twelve o'clock. But since the metropolis is located just east of the UTC +3 hour meridian, the sun will rise there not at 6:00, but at 6:38. And it will also come in at 18:38. Daylight continues to increase, reaching its climax at seventeen hours and twenty-five minutes on June 20th. We can easily determine the sunrise and sunset for Moscow on this date. Noon there comes at 12:38. Then it turns out that the sun rises at 3:48 and sets at 21:13. Do you already know the deviation from the hour meridian in your locality? When is true noon there?

Sunrise and sunset at the selected location

The dates of the equinox and solstice can be the starting data for calculations. On March 20, both at the Arctic Circle and at the equator, the sun will rise at 6:00, and sunset will be at 18:00. Here we take into account the deviation from the hour meridian. After the vernal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere, daylight begins to grow, reaching its apogee on June 21. On the Arctic Circle, sunrise and sunset occur at 0:00. Therefore, a day of light lasts twenty-four hours. And at the equator, everything remains the same: dawn at 6:00, sunset at 18:00. The higher the latitude, the longer the daylight hours grow, the earlier the sun rises and the later it sets.

Knowing the geographical coordinates of the point, it is easy to calculate the time of sunrise and sunset. We derive the formula. Find out how many days between spring equinox and the summer solstice. Ninety-two days. We also know how many hours a day of light lasts on the summer solstice. Let's say eighteen hours. 18 - 12 = 6. Divide six hours by 92. The result is how many minutes each light day grows. We divide it into two. This is how much earlier the sun rises compared to yesterday.

Calculation of sunrise and sunset times

On this page you can get the calculation of the time of sunrise and sunset of the Moon and the Sun in any geographical point

You just need to choose the date for which you need to calculate the tables +10 subsequent days and the name of the settlement.

Sunrise and sunset is the point in time for an observer on Earth when upper edge The sun or moon is exactly at the level of the true horizon. At sunrise, the Sun / Moon moves up (crossing the horizon line) in relation to the observer, and at sunset, it moves down (further beyond the horizon)

The geographical point of observation is determined through the service Geographical coordinates. In addition, the time zone is automatically determined for a given date (offset relative to Greenwich Mean Time)

You can also calculate the azimuths of sunrise and sunset of the luminaries by the link Azimuth of sunrise, sunset and moon This will be useful for lovers of astronomy, photography and lovers of romantic walks :)

What else might be of interest to you? And, here you are, a service that calculates how much daylight time (until sunset) remains after the end of the specified working hours. Light day after work in different cities

It will be useful to all inquisitive readers, as well as members of the government :), for a more equitable distribution of time zones in our country.

Of course, you know that the moments of sunrise and sunset (and, consequently, the length of the day) are not the same in places with different geographical latitudes and change during the year due to changes in the declination of the Sun.

Therefore, when starting to determine the moments of sunrise and sunset on a certain day, first of all, find out with the help of the "Astronomical Calendar" the declination of the Sun on that day. The latitude of the place where you live, you determine by polar star with the help of any goniometric tool (you can also use homemade). Because the the height of the celestial pole at any point on the Earth is equal to the geographical latitude of this point, and the North Star is located almost exactly at the pole of the world (its distance from the pole of the world is less than 1 degree), then by measuring the height of the North Star, you will thereby obtain the geographical latitude of the place ()

Latitude can also be determined from an accurate geographical map.

Now proceed to the calculations, using the formula to determine

Where does the fraction 0.0145 come from in the numerator? The fact is that the "Astronomical Calendar" indicates the declination of the center of the solar disk, and sunrise is the moment when the upper edge of the solar disk appears above the horizon. At this moment, the Center of the Sun has not yet risen above the horizon and is 15 "(arc seconds) below it.

In addition, sunrise is observed somewhat earlier, and sunset later than the moment when these phenomena occur in reality, due to astronomical refraction that raises the heavenly bodies above the horizon. This fraction takes into account the influence of the two described effects on the results of your calculations.

If t is expressed in hours (15 degrees -1 hour; 15 "- 1 min), then the moments of sunrise and (in hours and fractions of an hour) of sunset, expressed in local true solar time, will be:

Note that the calculation of the bot is carried out according to other, more accurate and more complex formulas. And the above formulas are needed to understand the essence of calculating the time of sunrise and sunset.

Syntax

For those users who work with XMPP client: sun<населенный пункт>;<время>

Time input format: Day/Month/Year

The result is given for your area, local time. Or rather, for the time zone that you specify

You only need to enter the following data:

The name of the locality. May be written in English language or Russian. If such a city name is repeated and not your region is shown, try after the name of the item, add the name of the region / region / country

Example: Paris + Russia

If you know geographical coordinates then enter the latitude and longitude. If the locality is known, then these fields are not required.

The date you would like to receive the invoice. If the field is not filled in, the data for the current date will be calculated.

Examples

For example, you want to know the exact data on the sunrise and sunset and the moon in the village of Chelyabinsk on June 1, 2013

The request is simple:

If this is done through the site, then we fill in only three fields city - Chelyabinsk, and date 01/06/2013

If this is done through Jabber, then the request is - sun Chelyabinsk; 01/06/2013

We get the following response through the site:

How beautiful is the answer? Firstly, you do not need to know the offset relative to the Greenwich meridian, and secondly, the time presented in the table is the local time used in the indicated settlement

You can always check the correctness of the calculations by visiting for example