Organization of command and control in a motorized rifle battalion on an armored personnel carrier in an offensive

Communication is the main means of command and control of troops. It is organized in accordance with the decision of the commander, the instructions of the chief of staff, the communication order of the higher headquarters, taking into account the availability and condition of the forces and means of communication, the time for its organization, as well as the possible influence of the enemy.

The chief of staff is responsible for the organization and state of communications. The head of communications directly organizes communication and is responsible for its stable work.

The commander and chief of staff of the SMEs in any situation are required to have with them means of communication that allow them to maintain constant and stable communication with the headquarters of their superiors and their own, the headquarters of subordinate, attached, supporting and interacting units, and be able to personally negotiate on means of communication. Separation of the commander and chief of staff from the means of communication is unacceptable.

Communication is established with units directly subordinate to the commander and headquarters and one step lower, and in some cases even to combat assets. Responsibility for communication with subordinate units rests with the higher headquarters, however, both the higher and subordinate headquarters are obliged to take all measures to establish communication, and if it is lost, to immediately restore it.

Communication by means of radio and mobile means with subordinate units is organized by the forces and means of the higher headquarters and subordinate headquarters, radio relay and wire, as a rule, by the forces and means of the higher headquarters.

Communication between the interacting subunits is provided at the direction of the headquarters organizing the interaction, and is established by means of the interacting headquarters.

Responsibility for its establishment and maintenance lies with:

• for communication along the front - to the right neighbor; from the rear to the front - to the headquarters of the SME, located in the second echelon (reserve);
• a motorized rifle battalion with units (subdivisions of branches of the Armed Forces and branches of service - to the headquarters of units of branches of the Armed Forces and branches of service);
• motorized rifle battalion with units of special forces - to the headquarters of the motorized rifle battalion.

The connection of interaction between battalions along the front and from the rear to the front is established:

• by radio means of each;
• by wire lines - by the means of the right neighbor and the means of the second echelon battalion.

The connection of the motorized rifle battalion with the interacting artillery is established:

• by radio means of each;
• wired - by means of artillery units.

The communication system in SMEs is created by the forces and means of communication units, as well as subordinate and interacting units.

It usually includes:

• KNP communication centers;
• direct communication lines between KNP SMEs and KNP division;
• communication technical support system;
• communication management system; reserve of forces and means of communication.

Conditions that determine the organization of SMEs in the offensive

Offensive is the main type of combat. Its main goal is to defeat the enemy in a short time and capture important areas or lines. This is achieved by defeating the enemy with all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advance of units and subunits into the depth of his location, dismemberment order of battle and destroying it piece by piece. The offensive is carried out from a position of direct contact with the enemy (Appendix 1) or on the move.

A motorized rifle battalion usually advances at a front of up to 2 km, and in a regiment's breakthrough sector - at a front of up to 1 km.

The battalion of the first echelon is indicated the immediate task, the further task and the direction of the continuation of the offensive; company, as well as the battalion of the second echelon - the immediate task and the direction of the continuation of the offensive.

Consider what conditions exist for organizing communications in a motorized rifle battalion:

1. The combat composition of the SMEs is reinforced SMEs on the BTR-80.
2. The type of hostilities is offensive.
3. The role and place of the battalion in the order of battle of the regiment.
4. Formation of the battle order of the battalion.
5. Adopted management system.
6. The impact of the enemy on the state of communication with the help of electronic warfare.
7. Availability, condition of forces and means of communication - the battalion is completed by 90%.
8. Physical and geographical conditions of combat.
9. Availability of time to organize and ensure communication.

Consider what determines the organization and provision of communication for each of these conditions:

1. The combat composition of the battalion and its possible strengthening in the battle of the SSB consists of:

• battalion command, headquarters;
• three motorized rifle companies (measures);
• mortar battery (minbatr);
• grenade launcher platoon (gv);
• communications platoon (s);
• support platoon
• battalion medical station.

During an offensive, a motorized rifle battalion is given:

• artillery battalion;
• tank divisions;
• division of anti-tank weapons;
• anti-aircraft division;
• units of engineering and chemical troops.

Based on the staffing, in a battalion, up to 16 information directions can be organized to control subordinate subunits in an offensive.

Taking into account the reinforcements in the battalion, up to 20 information directions can be organized, and taking into account the information directions organized from the senior headquarters command posts, their total number can be up to 25 directions.

2. Role and place in the order of battle of the regiment:

The motorized rifle battalion of the 1st echelon, before the start of the offensive, maintains contact with the regiment's launchers by wire and signal means. With the start of the offensive, the wire lines are curtailed, and communication with the regiment's launchers is maintained by radio means. To quickly replenish the failed communications equipment, a communications reserve is created in the SMB, this ensures continuity of control during the battle in the depths of the enemy’s defense.

3. Formation of the battle order of the battalion:

In a reinforced small brigade, when attacking from a position of direct contact with the enemy, up to 20 information directions can be created, and taking into account the information directions organized from the control panels of the senior headquarters, their total number reaches 25.

The expenditure of forces and means of communications is compiled by the battalion chief of staff and the battalion communications chief based on the tasks assigned to the battalion.

4. Adopted control system:

In preparation for the offensive, control is carried out from the battalion's KNP via wired communications. The radio facilities operate in the "STANDBY RECEPTION" mode. With the onset of the offensive, wire lines are curtailed, restrictions on the use of radio communications are lifted, and control passes to radio facilities. When a battalion conducts a battle in the depths of the enemy’s defense, control is carried out using the radio equipment of the KShM KB and NSHB.

5. Possible impact of the enemy on the state of communication:

The enemy influences the command and control system of the SMEs with his own forces and electronic warfare equipment. To counteract this impact, the battalion command organizes:

• mode of operation of all radio facilities "DP";
• training of personnel of communications units to counteract electronic warfare enemy;
• SUV system;
• communication backup in case of failure of fixed assets.

6. The presence and condition of forces and means of communication determines:

• the ability of communication units to perform communication tasks;
• possible allocation of the actual communication reserve;
• state (quality) of communication.

7. Physical and geographical conditions of warfare:

• choice of means of communication;
• ways of organizing communication by selected means;
• stable operation of nodes and communication lines;
• organization of training of personnel of communication units.

8. The availability of time determines:

• timeliness and quality of communication planning;
• organization of training of personnel of communication units;
• timely deployment of nodes and communication lines.

In general, the conditions that determine the organization of communications in small and medium-sized units in an offensive are stringent requirements; if at least one of them is not met, there is a risk of loss of control and communications, and hence a disruption of the offensive.

Communication tasks for SMEs in the offensive

The main means of command and control of subunits in the conduct of combat operations is communications. Therefore, the following main tasks are assigned to communications in the offensive of a motorized rifle battalion:

1) Ensuring stable communication between the commander and headquarters of the battalion with the commander and headquarters of the regiment and timely reception of signals combat control.

2) Ensuring stable control of subordinate and attached units in any conditions of the situation.

In modern conditions, the battalion commander must know where his units are, what they are doing and what they need (fire engagement of the enemy, provision of ammunition, etc.). In addition, he needs to receive intelligence information about the enemy in a timely manner and influence the course of the battle by fire impact on the enemy, by introducing second echelons (reserves) into battle or by clarifying tasks for subunits.

3) Ensuring the transmission of signals about the timely notification and warning of units about the immediate threat of the use of weapons by the enemy mass destruction, as well as about their nuclear strikes, notification of an air enemy, radiation, chemical and bacteriological (biological) contamination.

4) Ensuring the exchange of information between interacting departments.

During the battle, the battalion interacts with subunits defending in the supply zone or in the forward position, neighboring battalions, artillery, aircraft and helicopters, and other elements of the regiment's battle order.

Thus, during the operations of the joint group of special forces in the Chechen Republic, it became necessary to closely cooperate with each other units and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Federal Service security (FSB), the Federal Agency for Government Communications (FAPSI) and the border troops. This required the creation of a communication system, the structural and functional capabilities of which would make it possible to flexibly adapt to rapidly changing combat conditions.

5) Transfer of orders for special-technical and logistic support of combat operations of units.

This is due to the fact that in combat the consumption of materiel is constantly increasing, so the timely provision of units with missiles, ammunition, hot food and other materiel has great importance to reach the goal in combat.

Communication tasks are universal installations for any kind of combat operations. When organizing control and communications in an offensive, the commander will have to make some specific adjustments inherent in the offensive.

Means of communication for SMEs on armored personnel carriers and their application

Successful fulfillment of assigned combat missions requires continuous command and control of subunits in the face of rapid and abrupt changes in the situation, frequent changes in the deployment sites of the command and observation posts of the battalion and its subunits, and prolonged stay of the commander and chief of staff on the move.

To control units in a motorized rifle battalion, armored personnel carriers use the forces and means of a communications platoon, other units of the battalion, as well as radio stations installed in armored personnel carriers.

The communications platoon of a motorized rifle battalion is designed to deploy and maintain the communications center of the battalion's command and observation post and provide radio and wire communications in all types of combat.

The communications platoon has the following organization:

• platoon commander - battalion communications chief;
• two departments of management:
• department of the battalion commander;
• office of the chief of staff
• communications department.

The first control section is designed to provide communication between the battalion commander and the regiment commander, commanders of subordinate, attached and interacting units. The department has a command and staff vehicle (KShM) BTR-80K.

The second department of management is designed to provide communication between the battalion chief of staff and the regimental chief of staff and commanders of subordinates attached and interacting with the unit. The department has a combat control vehicle (MBU) BTR-80K.

The third communications section is designed to provide radio and wire communications to the battalion commander and headquarters with the commanders of subunits, as well as to deploy and maintain the communications center of the battalion command and observation post and provide internal communications on it.

The communications department has:

• armored personnel carrier BTR-80 - 1 pc;
• portable radio stations R-159 - 5 pcs;
• portable radio stations R-158 - 15 pcs;
• portable radio stations R-162-01 - 36 pcs;
• R-162P radio receivers - 54 pieces;
• field telephone switch P-193-M2 - 1 piece;
• light field telephone cable P-274M - 8 km;
• telephone set TA-57 - 10 pcs;
• field chargers PZU-1 - 15 pcs, PZU-2 - 1 pc;
• power station AB-0.5-P/30 - 1 pc.

Consider the distribution of communications equipment for a battalion communications platoon:

• first squad: KShM BTR-80K - to the battalion commander;
• second section: BTR-80K - to the chief of staff of the battalion;
• third communications department: two armored personnel carriers-80. Intended: one for the transportation of communications equipment (may be allocated to the communications reserve), the second is allocated to the deputy battalion commander for armaments;
• portable radio stations of a communications platoon, as a rule, are allocated to subordinate units. Each motorized rifle company is assigned: - R-159M - 1 to provide radio communications between the battalion commander and company commanders. A radio station is allocated from the communications platoon to each motorized rifle company;
• R-158 - to provide radio communications to the company commander with the commanders of motorized rifle platoons. These portable radios are used to provide communication during combat operations on foot.
• one R-159M or R-158 radio station is assigned to a support platoon and a medical platoon.

In addition, portable radio stations can be allocated to the battalion designation post, observation (chemical observation) posts, technical observation point, installed in the BTR-80K command vehicles.

During the action of a motorized rifle battalion without heavy weapons and equipment, some of the portable radio stations of the communications platoon are used to provide communications to the battalion commander and headquarters at the KNP.

As part of the control platoon mortar battery includes a communications department, which has:

• portable radio stations R-159M - 4 pcs;
• P-274M cable - 4 km;
• telephone sets TA-57 - 4 pcs.
• The grenade platoon has:
• radio stations R-158 - 4 pcs;
• in each BTR-80 (three units) radio stations R-173 and R-173P are installed.
• The anti-aircraft missile platoon has:
• portable radio stations R-157 - 10 pcs;
• radio stations R-173 and R-173P installed in the BTR-80.

The regular radio stations of the mortar battery, grenade launcher, anti-aircraft missile and anti-tank platoons are used to provide communication to the commanders of these units with firing positions, crews and anti-aircraft gunners.

R-173 radio stations and R-173P radio receivers were installed on the BTR-80 in motorized rifle companies

As mobile means of communication, foot messengers and BTR-80 assigned from the units are used.

Signaling means of communication (rockets, flags, lights, etc.) are part of the equipment of unit commanders and equipment of posts. The order of their application is determined by the commander who organizes signal communications.

Organization of management and communication in SMEs

During the preparation of an offensive, communication is provided by wire, mobile and signal means. The radio communication system is being prepared for operation. The operation of radio stations for transmission, as a rule, is prohibited. This is due to the fact that the enemy with his own means can conduct radio reconnaissance of VHF and HF communications of the battalion. Consequently, in order to ensure the secrecy of the preparation of an offensive, it is necessary to strictly observe the modes of operation of radio facilities, to determine and implement measures that make it difficult or even completely impossible to obtain information by enemy radio reconnaissance. The exception is the VHF radio network for controlling air defense systems when repelling air raids.

To ensure radio communications, a communications center is deployed at the KNP of the battalion, and a wired connection is organized from it. The main way to organize wired communication in SMEs is a referral. Deploys and maintains a communication center - a communications platoon of SSB.

Wired communication with the commanders of motorized rifle companies, mortar batteries, anti-aircraft guns, GV, VO and the medical center of the battalion is organized from the KNP Command in the directions by the forces and means of the battalion's communications platoon.

In order to reduce the consumption of cable P - 274M and reduce the time for closing the communication system, telephone sets of commanders of adjacent subunits can be connected to one line (parallel connection of subscribers).

The radio communication of the commander of a motorized rifle battalion with subordinate units is provided in the radio network of the battalion commander at radio stations R-169 (R-173).

Radio stations of armored objects are being prepared to provide communication in the upcoming battle and are turned off.

To transmit orders, orders and deliver documents to the battalion units, the work of 1-2 messengers is organized along a circular route or in directions.

Warning of subunits about the immediate threat of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy and an air attack is carried out through all existing communication channels and signal means.

With the receipt of a signal to go on the offensive, wire communications are curtailed and prepared for re-deployment, and by this time the radio communications system should be ready to provide the battalion commander and headquarters with uninterrupted control of subordinate units.

To control subordinate units during the actions of a motorized rifle battalion on vehicles, a radio network of the battalion commander is created as part of radio stations R - 173: the battalion commander, company commanders, grenade launcher, anti-tank platoons and all armored personnel carriers of the battalion.

With the beginning of the fire preparation of the attack, the battalion commander gets the opportunity to control subordinate, attached, supporting units by radio, since from that moment all radio equipment is allowed to transmit.

When fighting in the depths of the enemy's defense, control is also organized by radio. Wired communication can be organized at certain lines (the line of repulsing a counterattack, the rear defensive line of the enemy, a water barrier).

Radio means in a motorized rifle battalion are used in the offensive:

• to provide communication to the commander and headquarters with the commander and headquarters of the regiment;
• to ensure the control of the battalion commander by subordinate and attached units and in subordinate units:
• to exchange information with interacting units;
• to provide communication to the instance up and management of subordinates to the instance down. The main principles of organization of communication by radio facilities in the battalion are:
• application of a method for organizing communication by radio means over a radio network at fixed frequencies;
• the formation of radio networks according to a clearly expressed target purpose and on the basis of direct direct subordination;
• advance planning of communications by radio means, taking into account its provision in any situation without significant changes in the course of the battle;
• provision of combined arms and rear units with portable radio stations at the expense of the battalion's communications platoon;

Communication of the battalion commander with the senior headquarters.

Communication with the senior headquarters is organized by the communication order of the headquarters of the regiment, the forces and means of the communications company of the regiment and the communications platoon of the battalion.

Communication between the battalion commander and the regimental commander is provided, as a rule, via two radio networks: one in the VHF band on the R-111M radio stations and one in the KB band on the R-130M radio stations from the BTR-80K. The radio networks include the radio stations of the regiment commander (main) and the radio stations of the commanders of motorized rifle and tank battalions (subordinates). To ensure communication "through the instance down" in these radio networks, the radio station of the division commander can be included. If necessary, the radio station of the chief of staff of the regiment can be turned on. It is planned to include company commanders who will take control in the event of failure of the KNP of their battalions. Type of communication - telephone secret.

The HF radio network is hidden and is created to increase the stability of communication.

When the battalion commander acts on foot or from cover, communication with the regiment commander will be provided at the R-169 radio station or by remote control KShM radio stations

Communication between the chief of staff of the battalion and the chief of staff of the regiment is organized via the VHF radio network on R-111M radio stations from the KShM BTR-80K of the chief of staff of the regiment and the MBU BTR-80K of the chief of staff of the battalion. The composition of the radio network: the radio station of the chief of staff of the regiment (main) and the radio stations of the chiefs of staff of motorized rifle battalions (subordinates). Type of communication - unclassified telephone with the use of covert command and control documents.

In the case when the SMB is an element of the division's combat formation (anti-tank reserve, tactical airborne assault, detachment, raid detachment), the radio communication of the battalion commander with the senior headquarters is provided via the radio networks of the division commander.

If the commander of an attached artillery subunit is located at the KNP SME, then the radio networks of the artillery commander of the regiment can be used as bypass directions for communication between the battalion commander and the regiment commander.

To increase the efficiency of resolving issues of logistic and technical support in battle, it is planned to provide communication between the chief of staff and the deputy commander for weapons of the battalion with the TPU of the regiment. To this end, the radio stations of these officials may be included in the radio networks of the deputy regiment commander for logistics and weapons.

Communication of the commander and headquarters of the battalion with subordinate and attached units

When attacking from a position of direct contact with the enemy, radio communications in the battalion are organized with elements of the battle order, subordinates, attached subunits and other command and control facilities.

For this purpose, three radio networks are being created on VHF radio stations: two commanders of small and medium-sized units and one rear and technical support of the battalion.

The radio communication of the battalion commander with the commanders of motorized rifle companies, the commander of a mortar battery when his control point is located separately from the KNP of the battalion, on radio stations R - 159 with the commander of a grenade launcher platoon, on radio stations R - 158 with an armored group on radio stations R - 173 is organized on the basis of the decision of the battalion commander for battle and instructions from the battalion chief of staff.

Radio communication in the MSR is organized in accordance with the decision of the company commander to fight and the instructions of the battalion chief of staff.

The commander of the MSR personally organizes radio communications with border, attached and support units and is responsible for its work. Measures for the organization of radio communications are decided by the company commander in the process of organizing the battle and brought to the attention of subordinates by separate instructions.

To ensure communication at 1-2 levels down, the radio network of the commander of the SMB may include the radio stations of the commander of the regiment and division.

To control the assigned self-propelled artillery battalion, the R-123 (R-173) radio station from the 1V15 command and control vehicle of the commander of the sadd is included in the radio network of the battalion commander.

Wired communication in the SMB is organized when it is located on the spot, in the initial area and on the defensive, and during the offensive at individual lines: when the pace of the offensive is reduced, when counterattacks are repelled, when water barriers are forced.

To ensure wired communication in SMEs, the following means of communication are available:

• in the communications platoon of the battalion, switch P-193M = 1, cable P-274M = 8 km, telephone sets TA-57-10;
• in the mortar battery control platoon: P-274M cable - 4 km; TA-57-4 pcs.
• Communication by wire between the commander and headquarters of the battalion with the commander and headquarters of the regiment is organized and provided:
• from the communication center command post regiment to the communication center of the battalion command and observation post;
• order on communication of the headquarters of the regiment;
• forces and means of the communications company of the regiment;
• in the direction of wired communication;
• cable P-274M with its connection to the switch P - 193M;
• a wire communication line is being laid through the battalion's reserve deployment area.

Liaison.

Communication with the neighboring battalions of their regiment, the second echelon, the anti-tank reserve and the regiment's TPU is provided through the communication center of the command post of the regiment.

In some cases, in accordance with the communication order of the regiment headquarters, wire communication can be provided according to the principle from the right neighbor to the left one in the direction of wire communication by the forces and means of the communications platoon of the motorized rifle battalion (the neighbor on the right).

With subordinate and attached units, wire communication is organized:

• from the battalion command and observation post with command and observation posts of motorized rifle companies, a mortar battery, a grenade launcher platoon, an anti-aircraft missile platoon, a support platoon, a medical station, a designation post, a battalion technical observation point, with commanders of combat guards, an armored group, a fire ambush;
• in accordance with the decision of the battalion commander to fight and the instructions of the chief of staff of the battalion;
• forces and means of the communications platoon of the battalion;
• in the directions of wired communication;
• P-274M cable with connection of TA-57 telephone sets to KNP of subordinate and attached units;
• communication with the outpost is usually provided by the wired communication line of the company from which the outpost is assigned. This reduces cable consumption and makes it possible for the platoon commander assigned to combat security to maintain contact with the company commander.

SMB can be reinforced by tank, artillery, engineer-sapper and flamethrower units.

Wired communication from the KNP SSB is organized with the commanders of those units that remain directly subordinate to the battalion commander.

As a rule, the KNP of an attached artillery unit is combined with the KNP of a motorized rifle battalion: if the KNP of a sadn (sabatr) and small and medium-sized units are separated, then communication with artillery units organizes and provides the chief of communications of the SME with the forces and means of his communications platoon. In the attached artillery battalion, communication by wire is organized and provided by the chief of communications of the sadn with the forces and means of his control platoon. Forward (lateral) observation posts (KNP sabatr) can be deployed together with the KNP MSR of the first echelon, therefore, wire lines laid to them by the forces and means of the attached sadn (sabatr) can form bypass lines of communication with the commanders of the MSR of the first echelon.

When providing wired communication in directions, the need for a cable may exceed its regular number in communication units of SMEs, and the capacity of the switch will not ensure the reception and maintenance of all lines. Therefore, in order to reduce cable consumption, communication with some subscribers of the battalion can be provided via one line. In this way, it is advisable to organize wire communication with units located in the initial area and operating in battle along the lines (with an anti-tank platoon, an armored group. Similarly, wire communication can be organized with a support platoon and a battalion medical center.

conclusions

The experience of past wars, as well as the experience of modern local wars, has shown that the successes and failures of troop combat operations in many cases depended on the state of communications. When communication was lost, commanders and staffs could not receive timely information about the combat situation, respond to its changes, and timely set new tasks for subordinate troops. As a result of this, the troops acted aimlessly, interaction was disrupted, which often led to grave consequences. On the contrary, in all cases when the communications worked well enough, command and control of the troops was not disturbed, the troops felt the leadership and will of the commander, acted in a coordinated manner and achieved success. The more effective and perfect the weapons used on the battlefield and Combat vehicles and the more complex the actions of the troops, the higher the role of communications.

At present, communication facilities are intensively developing, they are becoming more powerful and compact, which makes it possible to provide them to every serviceman. Until recently, only commanders and chiefs had means of communication, but at present it is possible to equip each serviceman with them, which will increase the controllability of the unit, its maneuverability and the effectiveness of combat operations over long distances, which previously caused difficulty. The main task of commanders of all levels is the continuous support of communications in battle. This will envy the quality and completeness of the tasks assigned to the unit.

Bibliography

1. Combat regulations for the preparation and conduct of combined arms combat. Ch-2 Textbook "Tactics", Ch-2.
2. Tutorial"Tactics of formations, units and divisions foreign armies» NVOKU, 1990
3. "Organization and tactics of actions of units of foreign armies" NVOKU, 1998
4. YES. Dragoon. Motorized rifle (tank) battalion in battle. M. Military Publishing House, 1986.

Offensive- the type of battle is carried out in order to defeat the enemy and possession of important areas of the terrain.

The offensive is in the defeat of the enemy with all available means of a decisive attack, the rapid advance of troops into the depths of his battle formation, the destruction and capture of manpower, the capture of weapons and equipment, various objects, designated areas (land lines).

Destruction is understood inflicting such damage on the enemy, in which he loses the ability to resist.

Conditions for going on the offensive

determined: the period of the war (in the initial period of the war, in the subsequent period of the war, in the final period of the war), the type of weapon used (using nuclear weapons, with the use of conventional weapons), natural climatic conditions (season, day, features of the B / D situation)

depends - on factors (enemy, B / Z, terrain, period of war, time of year, day)

Based on the actions of the enemy - the enemy on the offensive, the enemy stopped but did not consolidate, the enemy went on the defensive and entrenched, the enemy’s defense was prepared)

Ways to go on the offensive:

From a position of direct contact

After the regrouping, after the change of troops

From the depths

From the area of ​​concentration, from the source area, a permanent deployment point, without occupying the area.

Tactical tasks in the offensive:

Fire defeat of the enemy, the conquest and maintenance of fire superiority.

Disorganization of the system of command and control of enemy reconnaissance troops and weapons.

29. Attack on the defending enemy from a position of direct contact with him.

An offensive can lead to a defending, advancing or retreating enemy.

An attack on an advancing enemy is carried out in the form of a battle, and on a retreating enemy in the form of a pursuit.

A battalion's offensive against a battalion occupying a prepared defense, as a rule, is carried out from a position of direct contact with it, and against a battalion that has hastily passed over to the defensive, from the depth.

An attack on an advancing enemy is carried out by means of a meeting engagement, and an attack on a retreating enemy is carried out by pursuing him.

30. The offensive of the SSB on

31 Combat properties and damaging MPOs

An explosive MP nuclear weapon based on the use of energy released during chain reactions of fission of heavy nuclei of some hydrogen isotopes, as well as heavier ones (helium)

Types of nuclear charges (nuclear (fission type), thermonuclear (fission-fusion, fission-fusion fission), neutron)

Damaging factors of a nuclear explosion

electromagnetic pulse

light emission

air shock wave

penetrating radiation

Radioactive contamination of the area

Chemical weapons - such means of combat use, striking properties which are based on the toxic effects of toxic substances on the human body.

OB-toxic chemical compounds that have certain chemical and physical properties that make them possible combat use in order to destroy manpower, infect the terrain and military equipment. There are OVs (deadly, temporarily incapacitating manpower, annoying, training)

Biological weapons are special ammunition and combat devices with delivery vehicles equipped with biological projectiles.

Designed for mass destruction of enemy manpower, animals, etc.

The basis is biological agents specially selected for use biological preparations that can cause in humans, plants, etc. diseases.

32RHBZ

Weakening the impact on units of damaging factors of OPM, high-precision and other types of weapons, the destruction of radiation-chemical and biologically hazardous objects

Inflicting losses on the enemy using flamethrower-incendiary means.

Tasks of the RCBZ:

Radiation, chemical reconnaissance and control

Notification of troops about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination

Collection, processing of data on the NBC situation

The use of personal and collective protection equipment, the protective properties of the terrain, military equipment and other objects.

Special treatment of parts, disinfection of terrain, military facilities and structures.

Aerosol countermeasures against reconnaissance and weapons control

The use of radar absorbing materials and foam coatings

The use of flamethrower-incendiary means

The offensive is carried out in order to defeat (destroy) the enemy and capture important areas (lines, objects) of the terrain. It consists in defeating the enemy with all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advance of troops into the depths of his battle formation, the destruction and capture of manpower, the capture of weapons, equipment and designated areas (boundaries) of the terrain. the opposing enemy and the capture of important areas (lines, objects) are achieved by the skillful use of all means of destruction, the rapid use of the results of air strikes and artillery fire, the timely build-up of efforts in depth, wide application coverage, detours and carrying out attacks on the flank and rear of the enemy.

An offensive can be carried out against a defending, advancing or retreating enemy.

An attack on the defending enemy is carried out from a position of direct contact with him or on the move. It usually begins with a breakthrough of the defense, which consists in breaking it up with strikes of all types of weapons and a decisive attack by tank and motorized rifle units in a narrow sector, in creating a gap in the defense and its subsequent expansion towards the flanks and in depth. The battalion breaks through the enemy defenses, usually as part of a regiment.

Motorized rifle and tank battalions can advance in the first echelon of the regiment, form its second echelon or combined arms reserve, act as a vanguard, forward detachment and amphibious assault. A motorized rifle battalion can also act as a tactical airborne assault force and form the basis of an assault squad.

The success of an offensive largely depends on its preparation. Offensive preparation is a series of activities carried out by the commander and headquarters of the battalion in preparation for the upcoming battle. In a battalion, the preparation of an offensive begins with the receipt of a mission. The main measures for the preparation of an offensive are the organization of a battle, the preparation of subunits for the performance of a combat mission, the preparation of the initial area for an offensive, and the control of the readiness of subunits to perform combat missions. When attacking on the move from the initial area, the battalion commander makes a decision and communicates tasks to subunits, usually on a map or on a layout of the area. Subsequently, he conducts reconnaissance, gives a combat order and organizes interaction directly on the ground.

Clarifying the received task, the battalion commander seeks to understand what the regiment commander’s intention is to complete the combat mission, especially the sequence of defeating the enemy, objects hit by the means of senior commanders in the battalion’s direction of action, the combat mission, the place in the battle formation and the role of the battalion in battle, tasks neighbors and the order of interaction with them, as well as the time of readiness to complete the task. Based on the clarified task, the battalion commander draws conclusions in which he determines in which direction the main efforts of the battalion are concentrated; how to build battle formations how much time, including light, is available to organize the battle.

On the basis of the task received, the conclusions from the assessment of the situation and the calculations made, the battalion commander makes a decision. It is based on the battle plan, in which the battalion commander determines: the direction of concentration of the main efforts, which enemy, how and in what sequence to defeat; the procedure for engaging the enemy with fire from tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and other regular and attached means; formation of battle order.

A motorized rifle battalion usually advances at a front of up to 2 km, and in a regiment's breakthrough sector - at a front of up to 1 km. Motorized rifle company usually occurs at a front of up to 1 km., And in a breakthrough sector - at a front of up to 500 m. Motorized rifle platoon advances at the front up to 300m.

b) Combat missions of the SMEs in the offensive in the second echelon of the regiment.

One of important issues The organization of combat is the skillful determination of combat missions by units and subunits. The combat mission regulates the action of units and subunits, is the basis for battle planning, organization of interaction by commanders and staffs, control and comprehensive support of combat operations. Its timely and accurate execution is the main indicator of the success of the offensive.

The content of the combat missions of troops in an offensive reflects the level of their technical equipment, combat training, and morale and combat qualities of personnel. Define correctly combat missions units - means to accurately take into account all the factors of the situation, and above all combat capabilities own troops and the enemy, the balance of forces, the influence of the terrain and other conditions.

Under all circumstances, the combat missions of the troops must be realistically achievable. Neither underestimation nor overestimation should be allowed. The practice of setting unbearable tasks, except for losses, exhaustion of forces and undermining the military spirit, does nothing.

The motorized rifle battalion, advancing in the second echelon of the regiment, is indicated the immediate task and the direction of the continuation of the offensive. The immediate task of a second-echelon battalion, when it enters combat, may be to complete, together with first-echelon battalions, the enemy's brigade (regimental) reserves and capture their line. The direction of the continuation of the offensive of the battalion of the second echelon is determined in such a way as to ensure the fulfillment of the further task of the regiment. The direction of concentration of the main efforts is indicated by the senior commander or determined by the battalion commander. In the course of the offensive, it may change. In the direction of concentration of the main efforts, superiority in forces and means over the enemy is constantly maintained.

An attack on the defending enemy on the move is usually carried out from the initial area, the removal of which is determined by the senior commander. The deployment of the battalion into battle order is carried out in the course of advancing to the line of transition to the attack.

To organize the advancement, deployment and transition to the attack of the battalion, advancement routes, the initial line (point), lines (points) of deployment into battalion columns, the line of transition to the attack and the line of safe removal are assigned, and when attacking on foot for motorized rifle units, in addition , and the dismounting line. For motorized rifle subunits on vehicles, landing sites for landing on tanks can be assigned.

The line of deployment in platoon columns is assigned beyond the folds of the terrain at 2-3 km. from the front line of the enemy defense.

The line of transition to the attack is chosen in such a way that tank and motorized rifle subunits move towards it covertly, and its removal ensures the conduct of real fire from the main types of weapons and allows the subunits to unceasingly, on top speed reach the enemy's front line. It can be assigned at a distance of up to 600 meters from the forward edge of the enemy's defense, and sometimes more.

The reconnaissance platoon, if it has not been advanced in advance to reconnoiter the enemy on the front line, advances ahead of the battalion column and reconnoiters the advance route. As soon as its troops reach the front line, the platoon reconnoits the enemy in readiness for reconnaissance during the offensive.

Minefields laid by means remote mining of the enemy, during the period of advancement, they are overcome along the passages made by the advancement support detachments of the senior commander or the battalion barrier group and non-standard company demining groups.

The dismounting line is assigned as close as possible to the front line of the enemy's defense, usually in places sheltered from the fire of his machine guns and close combat anti-tank weapons. Sometimes it can coincide with the line of transition to the attack.

In close connection with the combat missions assigned to the troops, their battle order is built. It must correspond to the purpose of the battle and the conditions of the situation. The battle order is built in such a way as to ensure the successful defeat of the enemy, a decisive concentration of efforts in chosen directions, a close and continuous combination of fire, movement and maneuver during the offensive, the possibility of a timely build-up of efforts from the depths, as well as reliable command and control of troops.

The formation of battle formations of formations, units and subunits in offensive combat has undergone a complex evolution in the course of many wars. The main factor in this development was changes in the material basis of the battle. So, with the advent of more advanced weapons and an increase in the power of fire, the linear battle order, which for a long time dominated the battlefields, in the wars of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. gave way to columns and loose formation, and with the advent of tanks during the first and especially the second world wars, an infantry-tank formation began to be used instead of an infantry battle formation.

Subsequently, the development of the combat formation of troops was associated with the emergence and improvement of aviation, anti-tank and air defense, combat, technical and logistic support. The massive introduction of parts of more effective military equipment into combined-arms formations led to an increase in their offensive capabilities and, accordingly, to the creation of new elements of the battle formation, qualitative changes in their composition.

Changes in the nature of the enemy's defense had a great influence on the forms and methods of organizing the combat order of troops in the offensive.

In modern conditions, in connection with the arrival of new means of combat in the ground forces - nuclear weapons, as well as various missile systems, infantry fighting vehicles, anti-tank guided missiles, fire support helicopters, as well as as a result of a significant increase in the number of tanks, an increase in the effectiveness of other fire weapons, their accuracy, range and speed, the requirements for the combat formation of troops have increased.

The place of a motorized rifle battalion in the offensive is its position in the battle order of the regiment. The order of battle must ensure the successful conduct of combat both with and without the use of nuclear weapons; decisively defeating the enemy throughout the entire depth of the combat mission and repelling his air strikes; rapid and full use of the results of nuclear and fire damage; the least vulnerability of units from nuclear and fire strikes precision weapons the enemy, as well as stable continuous interaction and command and control of troops in the most difficult situation.

The second echelon is intended to increase efforts and build on the success of the first echelon, to replace first echelon units that have suffered losses, to repulse enemy counterattacks, and to conduct an offensive in a new direction.

With a one-echelon formation of battle order, a combined-arms reserve is created, which is intended to solve tasks that suddenly arise during the offensive.

Motorized rifle units are used in the offensive as part of the first or second echelon, as well as in the combined arms reserve. They can act as a vanguard, forward, bypassing detachments, tactical air and sea assault forces. Motorized rifle subunits carry out their task of destroying the enemy in close cooperation with tanks, artillery, and subunits of other combat arms. Skillfully combining fire and movement, they rapidly attack the enemy, destroy his manpower, elements of reconnaissance and strike systems, tanks, combat vehicles infantry, artillery, anti-tank and other fire weapons, nuclear and chemical attack weapons, aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and other air targets, means of remote mining of the terrain, take possession of enemy positions and develop the offensive at a fast pace.

In modern conditions of equipping with effective weapons and military equipment, a motorized rifle battalion has high strike and fire power and maneuverability, armor protection and resistance to the effects of weapons of mass destruction. In addition, a battalion can be given a significant amount of reinforcement - an artillery battalion or battery, anti-tank weapons, anti-aircraft battery(platoon), as well as units of engineering and chemical troops. A motorized rifle battalion may also be assigned tank units, and a tank platoon - motorized rifle units.

In this regard, the number of elements of the combat formation of a motorized rifle battalion is increasing, and its formation is becoming more diverse than before. The battle formation of a battalion now consists of first-echelon companies with their reinforcements, a second-echelon or reserve company, air defense and fire weapons remaining directly subordinate to the battalion commander, as well as the battalion rear.

Thus, in modern operations, as before, motorized rifle and tank troops play a decisive role. Without their participation, the most magnificent actions of aviation, navy, missile forces, etc. have no logical continuation and successful completion. Only motorized infantry and tanks, in close cooperation with other branches of the armed forces, are capable of ensuring the final defeat of the enemy, achieving the goals of the war (if these goals are decisive).

The introduction of the achievements of modern technology in tank building will allow tanks in the foreseeable future to maintain the role of one of the leading combat weapons in the armament system of the ground forces.

Literature.

1. Combat charter ground forces, part 2. M. Military Publishing, 1990.

2. Motorized rifle (tank) battalion in battle. Textbook floor edited by D. A. Dragunsky. M. Military Publishing House, 1986

3. Tactics (officer's library). Textbook edited by V. G. Reznichenko M. Military Publishing House, 1984.

4. Training of reserve officers of the Ground Forces. Textbook edited by Yu. A. Naumenko. M. Military Publishing House, 1989

Tactical standards of subunits (MSO, MSV, MSR, MSW) in offensive combat (offensive front and depth of combat missions)

TACTICAL STANDARDS IN THE OFFENSIVE

indicators		battalion
offensive front
Breakout width
Removing expectant
Deletion expectantly
district
Deleting original
Deleting the original
Deployment milestone
in battalion columns
Deployment milestone
in company columns
Deployment milestone
in platoon columns
Line of attack
landing line
for cars
Deleting command
Removing the second
echelon (reserve)
The pace of advance

1. Organization and armament of the US MPB (to the platoon). TTX "Bradley"

Headquarters 22 people, two BMP M2 "Bradley" and three command and staff vehicles (KShM) M577A1.

The headquarters company (345) includes a control section (6, two KShM M577A1) and six platoons:

reconnaissance (30, control of two BRM MZ and two reconnaissance sections of two BRM MZ each)

mortar (36, control on two M966 vehicles and two mortar sections, in each KShM M577A1 and three 106.7-mm self-propelled mortars)

communications (13, control and two sections - radio and wired communications)

medical (49, five armored personnel carriers M113A1, control, first aid station and evacuation section, in which there are eight armored personnel carriers M113A1)

support (125, 58 vehicles, control on the M577A1 KShM and three sections - transport, refueling and food supply)

repair (86, management and eight sections - administrative, repair, technical support, four sections of the technical support of motorized arable companies and one - anti-tank)

In total, there are 367 people in the headquarters and headquarters company, 2 BMP M2 Bradley, 6 BRM MZ, 6 106.7-mm self-propelled mortars, 22 7.62-mm light machine guns M60, 15 armored personnel carriers M113A1, 8 KShM M577A1.

A motorized infantry company (116) consists of a command and three motorized infantry platoons.

There are 11 people in the department (including the company command), BMP M2 "Bradley" and armored personnel carrier M113A1.

A motorized infantry platoon (35) has a control section (eight people and an M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle) and three motorized infantry squads, each with nine people (squad commander, his deputy, gunner - BMP operator, driver, operator of the Dragon ATGM launcher, machine gunner, two submachine gunners, grenade launcher) and BMP M2 Bradley.

In total, the company has 13 M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, M113A1 armored personnel carriers, 9 Dragon ATGM launchers, 9 M60.18 7.62-mm machine guns, 5.56-mm M249 machine guns, 74 5.56-mm M16A1 automatic rifles, 18 40 mm RPG M203 and other weapons.

An anti-tank company (65) includes a control (three people and an M113A1 armored personnel carrier), three anti-tank platoons: each 20 people, a control (four people and an M113A1 armored personnel carrier), two anti-tank sections of two crews (each has four people and a self-propelled ATGM "Toy" M901).

There are 12 in total anti-tank systems, 4 armored personnel carriers and other weapons.

In general, judging by the reports of the foreign press, there are 896 people in the motorized infantry battalion, including 47 officers, 54 BMP M2 Bradley, 6 BRM MZ, 6 106.7-mm self-propelled mortars, 12 self-propelled ATGM "Toy" M901 , 23 M113A1 armored personnel carriers, 8 M577A1 KShM, 36 Dragon ATGM launchers, 70 7.62-mm and 42 12.7-mm machine guns, 114 vehicles, about 250 radio stations and other weapons.

TTX BMP "bradley"

Armament M2 "Bradley" consists of:

25 mm M242 "Bushmaster" cannon, 7.62 mm M240C machine gun, TOW ATGM launcher and six fixed 5.56 mm M231 FPW assault rifles.

Coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun M240C

ATGM "TOW"

Means of observation and communication

The external communications equipment installed on the M2 Bradley depends on the position of the infantry fighting vehicle in the unit hierarchy: an AN / GRC-160 radio station is installed on line vehicles, two AN / GRC-160s on BMPs for platoon commanders, one AN / GRC-160 for company commanders, and one AN/GRC-46. There are two antenna inputs, the first is located on the back of the roof of the tower, the second on the right side of the tower. Internal communication between crew members and the commander of the landing is provided by TPU (tank intercom).

Engine and transmission

The M2 "Bradley" is powered by an eight-cylinder, four-stroke, VTA-903T turbodiesel manufactured by the Cummins Engine Company. Engine power is 500 hp. at 2600 rpm. Torque is 1390 Nm at 2350 rpm.

Armored corps and turret

The body of the M2 "Bradley" is welded, made of aluminum alloy. Booking is differentiated, with different angles of inclination. Combined spaced frontal and side armor - steel + aluminum sheets with filling the gap with polyurethane foam. To increase protection against mines, the bottom is reinforced with a steel sheet. The use of aluminum alloy armor makes it possible to achieve a weight reduction of 10-15% compared to steel armor without losing the level of protection, and due to the greater thickness of aluminum sheets, the rigidity of the hull increases. In the upper frontal part of the infantry fighting vehicles of the first M2 (A0) and A1 series, a flat folding wave-breaker shield was installed, which was eliminated starting with the modification of the A2 machine.

1. Organization and armament of the German MPB (up to a platoon). TTX "Leopard"

The ground forces of Germany have three army corps, four types of divisions: motorized infantry (four), tank (six), mountain infantry and airborne. Motorized infantry and tank divisions consist of divisional units, motorized infantry and tank brigades.

The basis of motorized infantry and tank brigades are motorized infantry battalions of tank brigades, motorized infantry battalions on the Marder BMP of motorized infantry brigades and mixed motorized infantry battalions of motorized infantry brigades, tank battalions of motorized infantry and tank brigades and mixed tank battalions of tank brigades.

A mixed motorized infantry battalion of a motorized infantry brigade battalions (Fig. 1) organizationally consists of a headquarters, a tank and supply company, two motorized infantry companies on the BMP "Marder" and a tank company.

The composition of the motorized infantry battalion of the Bundeswehr

Picture 1

Name		Name
Lich. compound
BMP "Marder"
Tank “Leopard 1-2”
PU ATGM "Milan"		AVT Screw MG
		Pist “Walter” 9mm

The headquarters and supply company includes platoons: reconnaissance, repair, supply, as well as three departments: wheeled and tracked vehicles, communications, medical. There are 184 people in the company, the Marder infantry fighting vehicle - 2, the M113 armored personnel carrier - 5 (three of them are sanitary), 44-mm RPG - 25, machine guns - 10, vehicles - 50 and other military equipment.

A motorized infantry company on the Marder infantry fighting vehicle, in addition to the control department, includes three motorized infantry platoons and a motorized infantry squad. The company has over 100 personnel, Marder infantry fighting vehicles - 11, Milan ATGM launchers - 6, 44-mm grenade launchers - 8, 40-mm anti-tank grenade launchers - 7, and other military equipment.

A motorized infantry platoon on the BMP "Marder" consists of a control group and two motorized infantry squads. The number of platoon - 27 people. There are 10 personnel in each squad: squad leader, assistant squad leader, Marder BMP driver, BMP gunner, machine gunner, Milan ATGM operator, grenade launcher, grenade launcher assistant, two gunners. Armament and combat equipment of the squad: BMP “Marder” - 1, 44-mm RPG “Panzerfaust” - 1, 7.62-mm single machine gun MG - 1, 7.62-mm automatic rifles MG-3 - 5, 9-mm pistols “Walter” - 5.

There are three tank platoons in a tank company (each has four Leopard-1 or Leopard-2 tanks). The company has about 60 personnel and 13 tanks, 1 44-mm RPG, 2 vehicles.

TTX Leopard

Combat weight, t42.4

Crew, people 4

Specific power, hp/t 19.6

Specific ground pressure, kg/cm2 0.87

Maximum speed on the highway, km/h64

Obstacles, m

Wading depth, without preparation 1.2

with partial training 2.25

Power reserve on the highway, km 600

Gun, caliber (type) 105 (NP)

Ammunition, piece 60

Armor penetration of shells, mm/60°

sub-caliber (D=2 km) Up to 120

cumulative Up to 200

Machine guns, number xcaliber 2x7.62

Ammunition, piece 60

The thickness and slope of the forehead. armor, mm/deg

tower (casting) 162/30 + screens

case 100/60

Engine type 4-stroke diesel

brand MB-838 Ca M-500

power, hp 830

Fuel tank capacity, l 1007

Transmission brand 4HP-2500

number of gears, forward/reverse 4/2

type mech-ma turn Differentials

1. Mine-explosive barriers, their purpose and characteristics. TTX mines TM-62M

Mine-explosive barriers designed to delay the advance of the enemy, hinder his maneuver, inflict losses on him in manpower and equipment, create the most favorable conditions for his troops to defeat the enemy with all types of weapons. They are installed in front of the front positions occupied by subunits and units, on the flanks and in the gaps between them. In addition, engineering barriers cover command posts, position areas missile parts and other important objects.

Engineering barriers are used in all types of combat and are installed

combined with natural obstacles and a fire system.

Engineering barriers are being created along the lines and in directions. They are

should be unexpected for the enemy, resistant to all types of fire

impact and not hamper the maneuver of troops.

According to the purpose, the barriers are divided into:

Anti-tank (anti-tank minefields, groups of mines, separate

anti-tank mines, explosive charges, non-explosive barriers);

Anti-personnel (anti-personnel and mixed minefields, explosive charges,

booby traps, non-explosive anti-personnel and combined barriers);

Anti-vehicle (mine-explosive barriers installed on

railway and automobile roads, bridges, tunnels, and in other places, and

also blockages, gouges, and other non-explosive barriers);

Antiamphibious barriers are installed on the sea coasts and

Engineering barriers are arranged in the first and second degree

readiness.

The first degree of readiness - the barriers are brought into full combat

readiness: mines are finally equipped and installed, and guided mines and

minefields have been brought into combat condition, the minefield fences have been removed;

non-explosive barriers are fully prepared, passages and crossings through them

closed, destroyed or mined.

Second degree - the barriers are prepared for their quick transfer to

first degree: the mines are finally armed and laid, but the fences are not

removed, guided mines and minefields are in a safe condition,

non-explosive barriers are fully prepared, but passages and crossings through

them are open.

According to the nature of the actions, engineering barriers are divided into:

Mine-explosive (MVZ), which form the basis of all engineering

obstacles and are installed in the form of minefields, groups of mines, separate

min incl. and nuclear.

Non-explosive barriers that are made of earth, concrete, stone,

brick, metal, wood, water, snow and other materials. In my own way

purpose they are divided into anti-tank, anti-personnel. To

anti-tank non-explosive obstacles include: anti-tank ditches, counterscarps,

scarps, gouges, barriers, forest blockages, snow banks, hedgehogs, etc.

Submarine non-explosive barriers are portable and permanent. portable

barriers are mainly used to quickly close passages,

destroyed sections of barriers, as well as in cases where the construction

other barriers are difficult. These include inconspicuous wire

nets, barbed and smooth wire garlands, spirals, slingshots

Permanent anti-personnel barriers include:

Wire nets on high and low stakes.

Wire fences.

Wire in a sketch.

Silks and loops.

Notches in the forest, etc.

The location of non-explosive barriers should not be patterned. At

the device of such barriers in them leave passages for the passage of their

troops, and to quickly close them, they prepare the required number of mines or

portable barriers.

In addition to mine-explosive and non-explosive barriers, they also arrange

combined barriers, which are a combination of PT and PP

non-explosive obstacles or this combination with the strengthening of mine-explosive

barriers, as well as signaling devices.

When installing such barriers, measures must be taken that

would rule out the defeat of their troops.

Minefields are anti-tank, anti-personnel and mixed. Them

set in front of the positions of troops, on the flanks and at intervals on

revealed directions of the enemy offensive, as well as to cover

areas where troops and facilities are located.

Minefields are characterized by their size along the front and in depth,

the number of rows of mines and the distance between mines and rows, the consumption of mines per

1 km of the front and the probability of hitting military equipment and railways.

Groups of mines (individual mines) are installed on roads, detours, fords,

roadsides, mountain paths and settlements.

Tactical and technical characteristics of mines

Type of mine…………………………………......anti-track
Housing……………………………………........metal.
Weight……………………………………....…..9.5-10 kg.
Mass of explosive (TNT, TGA, MS)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7-7.5 kg.
Diameter…………………………………...…...32 cm.
Height with MV-62………………………….…....12.8 cm.
Height with MVSh-62……………………….….....100.2 cm.
Target sensor diameter……………………....…9cm.
Sensitivity………………………….......200-500 kg.
Temperature range of application….......-60 --+60 degrees.

1. Minefields, their main characteristics. TTX mines MON-50

According to their purpose, minefields are divided into anti-tank, anti-personnel, and mixed.

In anti-tank minefields, mines are installed in three to four rows with a distance between rows of 20-40 m and between mines in a row of 4-5.5 m for anti-track type TM-62 and 9-12 m for anti-bottom type TMK-2. Their consumption per 1 km of the minefield, respectively, is 750-1000 and 300-400 pieces.

The installation of an anti-tank minefield manually by the method of combat crew is carried out by the subunit outside the fire impact of the enemy. The platoon personnel from the field warehouse bring four mines and line up on the starting line in one line with an interval of 8 steps facing the minefield. At the command of the commander, the entire rank moves forward and carries out mines, for which, having reached the fourth, third and second row, each soldier in each row places one anti-tank mine to his left at a distance of one step, then takes two steps to the right and moves to the next row . Coming to the front row, the soldiers set mines in the ground. In the presence of grass cover, the turf gently turns away. After installation, the mines are carefully masked. Capping from mines and fuses, tools, milestones and pointers must not be left at installation sites.

At the command of the commander, the soldiers, returning back, set mines in the ground in the second, third and fourth rows. Squad leaders check the quality of the installation and the correct equipment of mines. The commander of the right-flank (left-flank) squad, during the installation of mines, marks the boundaries of the mined area with milestones. After the installation of mines, milestones are removed, the unit lines up on the starting line and advances for the next run.

A trained platoon in 10 hours in this way can set 1000 - 1200 minutes.

The installation of an anti-tank minefield with the help of the PMZ-4 minelayer is carried out by a calculation consisting of five numbers. The first number is the operator, who is also the head of the calculation, is on the minelayer, sets the mining step, controls the plow device and monitors the passage of mines in the conveyor. The second, third and fourth numbers are in the back of the car, and they remove the mines from the container, feed them to the receiving tray and the minelayer conveyor. The fifth calculation number is the tractor driver. The mining step is taken equal to 4 or 5.5 m. A three-row minefield with a length of 800 - 1100 m is set by three minelayers in one run. Installation time - 35-40 min.

With the use of minelayers, anti-tank mines can be installed with penetration into the ground or on the surface. The loading of mines into the container is carried out outside the minefield by crews with the involvement of drivers of transport vehicles.

In the course of hostilities, mobile barrier detachments are created from units armed with PM3-4. For one day of battle, they are allocated 3 ammunition (1800) anti-tank mines.

Anti-personnel minefields are installed from high-explosive and fragmentation mines. They can be installed in front of anti-tank minefields, in front of non-explosive obstacles or in combination with them, and in areas of terrain inaccessible to mechanized troops.

Along the front, minefields range from several tens to hundreds of meters, and in depth - 10 - 15 meters or more. Minefields can consist of 2 - 4 or more rows with a distance between rows of more than 5 m, and between mines in a row for high-explosive mines - at least 1 m. Consumption per 1 km of a minefield - 2 - 3 thousand min.

Anti-personnel minefields are set by minelayers PM3-4, using vehicles equipped with trays and manually.

When setting mines manually by the method of formation calculation, only high-explosive mines are used. Each soldier lays as many mines in one run as there are rows in the minefield.

The installation of a minefield is carried out similarly to the installation of an anti-tank minefield. The installation of mines in the ground starts from the first row without first posting them. At the command of the commander, the soldiers, having completed the installation of the first row, move on to the second, third and fourth row. The boundaries of visits are marked with milestones, flags, which are rearranged during subsequent visits and removed at the end of the installation. Squad commanders monitor the observance by soldiers of precautionary measures and the correct installation.

For 10 hours, a trained platoon can set 3000 - 4000 minutes.

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Army Tactics

The battalion advances up to 2 km on the front, and up to 1 km on the breakthrough sector on the front. The battalion can successfully attack a defending enemy infantry company. As a rule, the battalion builds its battle formation in two echelons or in one echelon with the allocation of a combined arms reserve. Usually two companies operate in the first echelon and one company in the second. The battalion can operate in the first or second echelon of the regiment. The battalion operating in the first echelon of the regiment is assigned the nearest task (usually to the depth of the strong point infantry company enemy), further task (usually to the depth of the first position of the enemy’s defense and the direction of the further offensive, which usually coincides with the nearest task of the regiment. The battalion operating in the second echelon of the regiment is assigned the line of entry into battle, the nearest task (usually to the depth of the brigade reserves of the enemy’s defense ) and the direction of the further offensive, which usually coincides with the further task of the regiment.

The battalion can attack from a position of direct contact with the enemy. In this case, if the battalion operates in the first echelon of the regiment, then it occupies its initial position at the first position of the regiment, and if the battalion operates in the second echelon of the regiment, then it occupies its initial position at the second position of the regiment.

The battalion can advance on the move (with advancement from the initial area). When advancing on the move, a battalion advancing in the first echelon of the regiment follows the infantry fighting vehicle in one column to the line of deployment in company columns (4-6 km from the front edge of the enemy), in company columns to the line of deployment in platoon columns (2-3 km from the front edge of the enemy's defense); at the line of attack (600 meters from the front line of the enemy), platoon columns are deployed in battle formation. If necessary, a dismounting line is assigned, where personnel leaves the BMP and then moves on foot. If the enemy does not offer fierce resistance, then from the turn of the transition to the attack of the platoon in the line of vehicles, the offensive continues.

When advancing on the move, a battalion advancing in the second echelon of the regiment follows in a battalion column to the line of entry into battle, where it deploys into battle formation.

The order of battle of the advancing battalion is deliberately shown in an extremely simplified way. It does not show the means and forces of reinforcement, support, attached forces and means, tanks, artillery, communications, and many other mandatory elements of a battalion's battle order.

Notes: 1.The second tier is for development success, increasing the pace of the offensive. He is assigned the line of entry into battle, the immediate and further tasks.
2. The combined arms reserve differs from the second echelon in that it is not assigned a line of entry into battle, as well as immediate and further tasks. It is designed to solve suddenly arising tasks (repelling enemy counterattacks entering the rear; changing units that have suffered heavy losses, destroying a newly identified enemy, holding captured lines, destroying residual enemy groups in the rear of advancing units.

Literature: Combat regulations of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR (battalion-company)