Description: War Thunder is a next generation military MMO game dedicated to...
Now another one, also based on the Mi-8, but here the mines are laid not from the cargo compartment, but from underwing hanging containers.
Original taken from tankasan in VSM - a helicopter mining system ...
Mines? helicopters?? Why not! ;)
At the Center for Combat Training and Retraining of Flight Personnel army aviation such, unusual at first glance, tasks are also being worked out. On this day, after reconnaissance of the weather, just such a working off was listed.
Helicopter system mining (VSM) is intended for the installation of anti-personnel, anti-tank and anti-amphibious minefields using the Mi-8T, Mi-8MT helicopter. Today's story is...
(Everything is clickable up to 1400, click;)
1.
The VSM was developed by the State Research Engineering Institute (in the city of Balashikha) and is manufactured by JSC "Kazan Helicopter Production Association" in Kazan. The Mi-8MT was listed as the carrier that day in the center in the flight plan ...
2.
The helicopter was refueled in advance and prepared for departure, the last thing left is to install the mines themselves ...
3.
The system includes a mining control panel, 4 containers for mines, a container panel, a trolley for transportation and a container lifting and suspension system.
To install the containers (two on each side of the fuselage), the helicopter's external weapon hardpoints are used. Each container is designed to accommodate 29 KSO-1 cassettes ...
4.
Since these are, of course, training flights, the mines are training, respectively, but outwardly the charges look similar to combat ones ...
5.
In 4 nodes on external hangers, 116 cassettes are loaded, each of which can contain from 116 to 7424 pcs. min, depending on their type...
6.
This is how the charging process itself looks like ...
7.
Charging is usually allocated no more than 40 minutes, but this time they met even in a shorter time.
8 is ready to take off...
8.
Having received the "go-ahead" for take-off, the car goes to the working zone ...
9.
The installation of a minefield is carried out by the "throw" method when a helicopter flies over the mined area. Mines are fired from containers alternately from the right and left sides, first from the outer, then from the inner containers ...
10.
The uniformity of the shooting of mines is ensured by the interval for issuing electrical impulses from the mining control panel and the helicopter flight mode ...
11.
The mining system showed high efficiency in mining mountain paths and environs occupied by armed gangs and was used as a pre-emptive measure against their sorties. In one minute, the Mi-8 could scatter more than seven thousand anti-personnel mines in a section 15-25 m wide and up to two kilometers long ...
12.
The VSM was developed by the State Research Engineering Institute (in the city of Balashikha) and is manufactured by JSC "Kazan Helicopter Production Association" in Kazan. The Mi-8MT was listed as the carrier that day in the center in the flight plan ...
The helicopter was refueled in advance and prepared for departure, the last thing left is to install the mines themselves ...
The system includes a mining control panel, 4 containers for mines, a container panel, a trolley for transportation and a container lifting and suspension system.
To install the containers (two on each side of the fuselage), the helicopter's external weapon hardpoints are used. Each container is designed to accommodate 29 KSO-1 cassettes
Since these are, of course, training flights, the mines are training, respectively, but outwardly the charges look similar to combat ones.
In 4 nodes on external hangers, 116 cassettes are loaded, each of which can contain from 116 to 7424 pcs. min, depending on their type.
This is what the charging process itself looks like.
Charging is usually allocated no more than 40 minutes, but this time they met even in a shorter time. 8 is ready for takeoff.
Having received the "go-ahead" for take-off, the car goes to the working zone.
The installation of a minefield is carried out by the "throw" method when a helicopter flies over the mined area. Mines are fired from containers alternately from the right and left sides, first from the outer, then from the inner containers.
The uniformity of the shooting of mines is ensured by the interval for issuing electrical impulses from the mining control panel and the helicopter flight mode.
The mining system showed high efficiency in mining mountain paths and environs occupied by armed gangs and was used as a pre-emptive measure against their sorties. In one minute, the Mi-8 could scatter more than seven thousand anti-personnel mines in a section 15-25 m wide and up to two kilometers long.
Mining has been successfully carried out, the car is landing
Tactical and technical characteristics:
Weight of removable equipment, kg:
- container empty 71
- container loaded 340
- cassette 9.2
- control panel 17
Number of containers, pcs. 4
Number of cassettes, pcs.: 116
Type of installed mines in the cassette: PFM-1S, POM-2, PTM-3, PDM-4
Number of mines in the cassette, pcs:
- anti-personnel high-explosive PFM-1S - 7424
- anti-personnel fragmentation POM-2 - 464
- anti-tank non-contact PTM-3 - 116
System supply voltage, V 27± 10% DC
Helicopter flight modes during mining:
- height, m 30 ÷ 15
- speed, km/h 60 ÷ 220
The length of the installed minefield, m:
- anti-tank 600 ÷ 120
- anti-personnel 2000 ÷ 4000
- anti-amphibious 800 ÷ 1500
Calculation, pers. 3
Temperature range of application, °C-40÷ +40
Remote mining systems and mines for them
In the armies of the main NATO states (USA, Germany, England, Italy) great attention developing technical means on the installation of minefields. Particularly widespread are remote mining tools that allow you to create minefields within a short period of time and over large areas. Aviation, reactive, artillery and engineering systems for remote mining are being put into service and are constantly being improved, some of which have been found practical use in the American war of aggression against Vietnam.
According to foreign military experts, remote mining is a flexible and effective weapon that can be equally successfully used in all types of combat.
Thus, in the defense, obstacles installed remotely are planned to delay the advance of enemy troops to the front line, cover defensive positions and close passages in the obstacles made by the advancing troops; in the offensive - to cover the flanks of the advancing troops, repel enemy counterattacks and consolidate the achieved lines.
One of the main tasks for these means remains to constrain the maneuver of the main enemy grouping and block it in the areas of concentration, and disorganize the rear.
Compared with conventional barriers, installed by remote mining systems, according to foreign experts, they have a number of significant advantages:
The possibility of their sudden and massive use at distances measured by many tens and hundreds of kilometers;
Relatively short time for installation of barriers (from several tens of seconds to several minutes);
The ability of mines to self-destruct, which gives remote barriers a dynamic character and allows their troops to lead fighting in areas previously mined;
The presence of anti-recovery elements in all used mines, which completely excludes the possibility of their use by the enemy.
Given these advantages, the NATO command in the course of training the ground forces pays great attention to the development of techniques and methods for installing remote barriers. According to the Western press, two methods of mining are mainly being worked out: covering and obstructing.
When using the first method of mining, the area where the enemy troops or objects of great military or national economic importance are located is suddenly covered with mines.
When blocking, a minefield is set up directly in front of the advancing troops, between elements of combat formations and on the paths of advancing enemy troops.
Since the early 1960s, NATO armies have been developing and putting into service aviation (aircraft and helicopter), rocket, artillery and engineering mining systems.
The main elements of the mining system are:
Cluster installations (cluster warheads; special cluster-type artillery ammunition);
Anti-personnel and anti-tank mines placed in cluster installations (cluster warheads; cluster-type special artillery ammunition);
Plant control equipment (spreading) min.
as carriers ( Vehicle delivering mines directly to the installation area) mining systems use different types aircraft and helicopters, rockets, artillery shells (mainly howitzer artillery), armored personnel carriers and trailers specially equipped for ground mining systems.
A cassette launcher is a kind of container inside which cassettes with mines are placed. It is made of light metal alloys and is a reusable tool.
The cassette with mines is a light container of a cylindrical or prismatic shape, into which mines are folded. Cassettes with mines are placed directly in cassette installations on rails and are dropped using squibs, and are opened automatically at a given height.
The mine-laying control equipment ensures accurate actuation of the squibs, taking into account the given rate and sequence of firing cartridges with mines (in accordance with the given dimensions of the minefield and the consumption of mines).
The mines used in remote mining systems are characterized by compactness, low mass of the mine and explosive charge, the presence of self-liquidators, with the help of which the mines self-destruct after a given time, and the presence of non-removable elements.
These mines are laid only in a throw. The exception is the American anti-tank mine BLU-45/B, which is designed to be buried in soft ground.
Based on the materials of the Soviet and foreign press, the book tells about the development and use of mines, their design and principles of operation. Methods for setting up explosive barriers and ways to neutralize them are described, and remote mining systems are described.
The book is intended for young people preparing to serve in the army.
NATO armies continue to work on improving existing and creating new remote mining systems, which are expected to enter the troops in the coming years.
The Gator mining aviation system (USA) is intended for use by tactical aircraft and helicopters (Fig. 40).
Two types are being developed:
Anti-tank (CBU-78/B). Its main element is a cassette installation with an anti-tank anti-bottom mine BLU-91 / B. This mining system can also be used with the anti-personnel fragmentation mine BLU-92/B;
Anti-personnel (SBU-86 / B). Its main element is a cassette installation with an anti-personnel fragmentation mine BLU-92 / V.
Anti-tank BLU-91 / B (Fig. 41) and anti-personnel B LU-92 / B mines have the same body in shape and size, which allows you to use the same mining system SBU-78 / B.
The BLU-91/B anti-tank mine charge operates on the principle of an impact core and is equipped with a non-contact magnetic fuse, an anti-removal element and a self-destruction unit. The total mass of the mine is 1.7 kg, the mass of the explosive charge is 0.6 kg, the width is 145 mm, the length is 145 mm, and the height is 58 mm.
The BLU-91/B anti-personnel mine has four thin guy wires (sensors) that are ejected to the sides when the mine falls to the ground. The mine fuse is equipped with a self-liquidator. Mines weight 1.7 kg, explosive weight 0.4 kg.
Airplane tactical aviation will be able to carry three SUU-54 / B cluster installations or six SUU-S8 / B.
It is assumed that the new tool will find application primarily for the construction of barriers in order to delay the advancement of the second echelons and enemy reserves.
The ERAM aviation mining system (USA) is being developed as part of a complex of aviation anti-tank weapons.
The constituent elements of this system will be a universal cassette installation and BLU-101 / B mines (Fig. 42).
Characteristic for mines of this sample will be their ability to hit the most poorly protected part of armored vehicles - their roof.
A mine is a complex device with a cylindrical base, on which a so-called launcher is placed, designed to shoot two submunitions with directional charges.
The mine has radar and infrared target detection sensors and a parachute, on which it descends to the ground at a speed of 15 m / s after being ejected from the cassette. When landing, the parachutes are fired, after which the antenna pins are extended and the search for the target begins, and the electronic circuits of the striking elements are also turned on. When a target is detected, one of the striking elements is fired (at an elevation angle of 45 °), which, using a sensitive sensor, captures the target and strikes the roof of the moving missile with a directed charge. armored vehicle. After that, the launcher turns 180 ° and is ready to search for a new target and shoot the second striking element.
Jet system mining MLRS (USA) is intended (Fig. 43) to hit area targets.
The launcher is mounted on an infantry fighting vehicle chassis and consists of two packs of six guides each. The total weight is 25 tons, the crew is three people.
Unguided rockets will be equipped with cluster warheads of the following types:
Anti-tank with several dozen anti-tank mines DM-1233 (Germany);
Anti-tank, containing a large number of special ammunition aimed at the final section of the trajectory;
Multi-purpose to destroy the accumulation of manpower, fire weapons and lightly armored combat vehicles.
The system's ammunition load includes 12 unguided missiles with cluster warheads. Rocket caliber 240 mm, minimum firing range 10 km, maximum 30 km. Time to prepare for the opening of fire 2 minutes. Within an hour, the installation can make three volleys.
The SLU-MINE (USA) mining missile system is being developed specifically for engineering troops. It is a self-propelled 30-barrel launcher(Fig. 44).
Mining range up to 5 km. Shooting will be conducted by unguided missiles. The components of the SLU-MINE mining system are cassette warhead and anti-tank mines of the M70 type (see the ADATM mining system).
There are 24 mines in one cluster warhead. For one volley, the system can set 720 minutes. The duration of the volley is about 10 s.
The MSM mining system (Germany) is being developed to equip the engineering troops (Fig. 45).
It is a caterpillar conveyor with six cassette units with 20 tubular guides each. Each rail contains five DM-1233 anti-tank mines. In total, the system's ammunition load is 600 min. Cassette installations are removable, have articulated mounts that allow you to change the elevation angle.
The shooting of mines is carried out with the help of squibs. The rate and range of fire are adjusted depending on the required length of the minefield.
In addition to the ground version, the MSM helicopter mining system is also being developed with two cluster installations of 100 mines DM-1233 each. In the ammunition system 200 min.
The ground mining system MOPMS (USA) must be portable and is intended for combat units of the ground forces. It consists of one cassette launcher for dispersing mines using expelling charges (carried by two soldiers), a remote control, a set of XM-78 anti-tank anti-bottom mines (similar to M70 and M73 mines) and anti-personnel fragmentation mines XM-74. Mine fuses are equipped with elements of non-removability and self-destruction. The ammunition system contains 30 anti-tank and anti-personnel mines. One cluster installation creates a mixed minefield, the size of which is 35X75 m 2.
Universal system mining "Volkeno" is being developed ground forces United States and is intended for the accelerated installation of anti-tank or mixed minefields. Its basis is the installation, made in the form of a vertically located shield with a package of 40 removable tubular guides mounted on it, each of which contains six anti-tank or anti-personnel mines and an expelling charge for their shooting. According to foreign press reports, several of these installations are planned to be mounted on standard army aviation helicopters or on ground vehicles.
Laying minefields, groups and single mines (land mines) in order to inflict losses on the enemy, hinder his maneuver and destroy structures. M. methods depend on the conditions of the combat situation, the purpose of minefields, the nature of the terrain, the type of mines, the period of their installation, the time of year (day) and the availability of mechanization. Depending on these factors, anti-tank minefields and anti-personnel minefields can be laid: manually; using means of mechanization; remotely. Mining is manually carried out by setting mines, groups of mines, minefields using portable mining kits (UVKM, VKPM), a manual mining kit (KRMP). M. with the use of mechanization is carried out by the installation of minefields using trailed (PMZ-4), tracked (GMZ), universal (UMZ), armored ("Wind-G") minelayers. Remote mining is carried out by the installation of minefields using portable mining kits (PKM), aviation (VSM), missile, artillery systems mining.
Remotely placed minefield, a piece of terrain on which a minefield has been established using remote mining equipment. Remotely placed minefields (DUMP) are divided into anti-tank, anti-personnel, mixed and anti-amphibious. DUMP are established for a certain period, after which they self-destruct. DUMP is characterized by length and depth and can be from several hundred meters to several kilometers. Installed mines are located on the ground randomly on the surface of the ground or in the water. The number of mines per 1 m2. DUMP, in different points different. To install the DUMP, the Strategic Missile Forces are armed with the VSM-1 helicopter mining system and the PKM and KRM-P ground mining systems. These remote mining systems use PTM-3 anti-tank mines and PFM-1S, POM-2, POM-2R anti-personnel mines. DUMP in the Strategic Missile Forces are installed by mobile obstacle detachments (POZ) in close cooperation with anti-sabotage formations (PDF) of formations. In the Strategic Missile Forces, as a rule, one air and 1-2 ground POS are created. The commander of the air POD is the commander of the helicopter, and the commander of the ground POP is the officer of the engineering unit of the Obbo (OISB) missile formation. For actions as part of a ground POS, it can be allocated from a squad to a platoon personnel engineering units obbo (oisb), which operates on a cross-country vehicle or armored personnel carrier.
Aviation mining system, armament of an aircraft (helicopter), designed to ensure the dropping of aviation mines (anti-tank, anti-personnel, etc.) in the required sequence for mining in a sweeping line and other areas of land at a safe distance from friendly troops, in the shortest possible time. It consists of bomb and mine cassettes and control equipment for their installation. The helicopter units of the Strategic Missile Forces are armed with the VSM-1 helicopter mining system (Fig. 1), which is designed for accelerated mining of the area with anti-tank PTM-3, anti-personnel mines cassette equipment POM-2, PFM-1S in a throw. M. is carried out by the crew of the MI-8T helicopter from an altitude of 30 to 150 m at a speed of up to 160 km / h. The length of a single-row PPMP installed by VSM-1 is, depending on the type of mine, 400-2000 m x 35-65 m.
In the Strategic Missile Forces, fireworks are carried out in order to strengthen the defense of important objects with mine-explosive obstacles, as well as to block the actions of enemy sabotage and reconnaissance formations and landing forces. M. is carried out manually or remotely using UVKM, CRMP, PKM, VSM.
In the course of hostilities, M. is carried out by mobile detachments of obstacles of formations of the Strategic Missile Forces, by the forces of engineering units and subunits, as well as by security units of formations of the Strategic Missile Forces.
