5. Funds electronic warfare(EW)

5.1. General characteristics of electronic warfare

The following electronic warfare equipment is used on the A-10 aircraft: AN / ALQ-119 active radio jamming station, AN / ALQ-132 active infrared jamming station, AR / ALE-40 electronic warfare ejection device, AN / ALR-46 direct electronic intelligence systems .

In addition, the AN / ALQ-133 ELINT detailed electronic reconnaissance system is installed on some of the aircraft, the information from which is transmitted to ground command posts or strike group aircraft and is used in the interests of electronic warfare. It is assumed that about 20% of A-10 aircraft will be equipped with individual active jamming stations placed in overhead containers.

EW equipment is controlled automatically or by the pilot in manual mode.

On the two-seat version of the N / AW A-10 aircraft, the electronic warfare tasks will be solved by the operator located in the rear cockpit.

5.2. Stations of active jamming (SAP)

The aircraft is equipped with one or two suspended KVN-tainers of the AN /ALQ-119(V) active radio jamming station, which can be replaced by the more modern AN/ALQ-131, as well as the IR-band EPS - AN/ALQ-132.

Currently, the 10th and 12th modifications of the station are used - AN /ALQ-119 (V) 10 and AN / ALQ-119 (V) l2. The main purpose of the AN / ALQ-119 station is to suppress ground-based radio-electronic means (RES) of weapon control (missile guidance stations, target tracking, gun guidance) and radar homing missiles.

The modular design container accommodates 3 jamming transmitters operating in the 1550-5200, 3900-6200 and 6200-10900 MHz bands. The indicated figures characterize the boundaries of the ranges, and not the exact values ​​of the tuning frequencies of the jamming transmitters.

Simultaneously emitted masking and simulating interference in one or two (out of three) frequency ranges. The power spectral density of noise masking interference can reach 20÷30 W/MHz.

Depending on the situation, you can change the direction of radiation "back and forth" by connecting the appropriate antennas. The station applies limited interference power control depending on the degree of threat posed by the suppressed RES.

The purpose of the AN / ALQ-132 IR SAP is to protect the aircraft from air-to-air and ground-to-air missiles with an IR homing head.

The source of IR radiation from the container is a membrane heated by burning aviation fuel in the chamber. After modulation by a rotating obturator, the system emits a sequence of IR pulses, the intensity of which exceeds the radiation intensity of the two engines of the A-10 aircraft.

5.3. EW ejection devices

The main EW ejection device of the A-10 aircraft is the AN/ALE-40 system. In addition, in one of the design variants of the combat load, the suspension of bomb clusters with electronic warfare equipment is used: 16 CBU-70 or 10 CBU-38.

For the A-10 aircraft, a special version of the AN / ALE-40 (V) 10 ejection device has been developed, which has the largest capacity of 480 rounds among all devices of this type.

In the AN / ALE-40 (V) 10 version, cassettes are used inside the fuselage, which are located at the ends of the wing and in the landing gear niches. The total number of cassettes is 16. The capacity of each of them is 30 cartridges with chaff (DO) or 30 IR cartridges.

When equipping the ejection device, various combinations of cartridges of both types are possible.

The control of firing cartridges from DO and IR cartridges is independent. Intervals for shooting cartridges with DO - 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 s; IR cartridges - 3; four; 6; eight; 10 Seconds. It is also possible salvo shooting cartridges with chaff with a constant or variable firing interval.

5.4. Means of direct electronic intelligence

The aircraft uses 2 types of direct electronic reconnaissance means (NRER): a system for warning about exposure and controlling the operation of the EPS, as well as a detailed electronic reconnaissance system.

The first of them (currently AN / ALR-46, later - AN / ALR-69) is installed on each aircraft, the second (AN / ALQ-133) - on one aircraft from the strike group. AN / ALR-46 is a digital system capable of analyzing the electronic situation, determining the type of irradiating radio electronic equipment and assessing the degree of threat to the protected aircraft. The system has the following characteristics:

• reconnaissance frequency range 2÷18 GHz;
• processing speed of received signals - over 80,000 pulses per second;
• the number of RES evaluated simultaneously - 16;
• the total number of RES, the characteristics of which are in the system memory, is up to 130.

Along with determining the parameters of the irradiating signal and the type of RES, the system carries out direction finding of the radiation source.

Data from the processor of the system is received to control the SAP, the ejection device, as well as to the pilot in sound and visual form in order to warn him about the opening of fire, the direction of attack, etc. It is also possible to transmit data to capture the RES signal by the homing head of the air-to-radar missile.

The main purpose of the system is to determine the characteristics of pulse radars, however, modifications allow you to work with continuous signals, as well as with signals more than low frequencies(up to 500 MHz).

5.5. AN / ALQ-133 detailed electronic intelligence system (ELINT)

The ELINT system is designed for reconnaissance of radar and navigation systems, command communication lines, weapons control and guidance (radio, infrared, laser) and other enemy systems. Aircraft A-10, equipped with the ELINT system, determine the location of the radar and air defense systems, their modes of operation and the degree of danger, and are also used to destroy the RES detected by the system.

The reconnaissance information is sent to the ground data collection point and to other aircraft that do not have such a system, for target designation of air-to-radar missiles. Data is transmitted over a telecode communication system at a rate of 6000-12000 messages per second.

Signals are received both in the 2-18 GHz range and in the region of higher frequencies (up to the submillimeter wave range).

Frequency intelligence method - search. The frequency tuning period is 0.01 s (tuning in 0.005 s is also possible).

The accuracy of determining the pulse duration is 0.1 microseconds, and determining the pulse repetition period for a burst of pulses is 0.1 microseconds, for a pair - 1 microseconds. Direction finding accuracy 0.5° in ±45° sector. Direction finding is also possible in the ±60° sector with less accuracy.

The system is placed in three containers with a total weight of 540 kg, placed on the A-10 aircraft under the fuselage (one) and at the ends of the wing (two).

The importance of electronic warfare (EW) in modern air warfare is truly colossal. The basis of any air defense system is radar stations (RLS) - they are its "eyes and ears". It is the radars that detect targets, accompany them for guidance anti-aircraft missiles etc. The task of the electronic warfare means is to "blind" the enemy's radar for certain periods of time, preventing them from performing their tasks. This leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the air defense system, and often to the complete inability to perform tasks to repel air strikes.

The following fact speaks eloquently about the importance of electronic warfare aircraft and their carriers - Soviet anti-aircraft gunners, according to the so-called "Firing Rules anti-aircraft missile troops”, it was ordered first of all to destroy electronic warfare aircraft, the “priority” of destruction of which was higher than even for aircraft carrying nuclear weapons.

Electronic warfare equipment - the "Achilles heel" of Soviet aviation

Despite the fact that the Soviet Union had the best air defense system in the world, the capabilities of Soviet aviation to overcome the air defense of a potential enemy were significantly inferior to the capabilities of NATO aviation, and the capabilities Soviet aircraft EW was significantly inferior to the American ones, with some exceptions. The Yak-28PP tactical EW aircraft available in the 1980s (created back in the 1960s) had only obsolete EW "Fasol" and "Bouquet" outboard stations that were not capable of effectively suppressing modern radars using various methods electronic protection, such as frequency tuning from pulse to pulse according to random law. In fact, Soviet aviation did not have electronic warfare stations capable of providing any effective group protection for aircraft. By the end of the 1980s, all the available Soviet Air Force electronic warfare aircraft are already morally and physically obsolete and immediately after the collapse Soviet Union were completely withdrawn from service, and the new Su-24MP electronic warfare aircraft, created by the mid-1980s, based on the Su-24MR reconnaissance aircraft, entered service only in single copies. Early 1990s Russian aviation remained without effective means of electronic warfare, and work on the creation of new complexes for many years was forgotten.

However, in the Soviet Union a fairly large range of "heavy" electronic warfare aircraft was created on the basis of transport aircraft and long-range bombers - An-12PP, Tu-16PP, Tu-22PP, etc. The dimensions of these aircraft made it possible to install colossal power jammers inside them , which made it possible to completely "blind" even a heterogeneous group of radars and air defense systems with barrage interference of enormous power when they were in the deep rear. Unfortunately, after the collapse of the USSR, most of these aircraft were decommissioned for various reasons, and the rest need to be modernized.

Baptism of fire of Russian electronic warfare systems

In August 2008, during the war in South Ossetia Russian aviation encountered a fairly powerful and organized air defense system of Georgia, which had modern air defense systems, in particular the Buk-M1 anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM) and 36D6 radar (attached to the S-300PS air defense division during "autonomous" work).

In the first two days of the war, Russian aviation made sorties without individual protection EW containers and was unable to quickly carry out measures to suppress air defense and cover groups of attack aircraft, which led to losses, the most severe of which was the death of a Tu-22M3 long-range bomber. By the third day of the war, Russian aviation managed to start measures for electronic suppression of Georgian air defense systems by deploying Mi-8PP EW helicopters to the conflict zone, as well as using An-12PP EW heavy aircraft and the latest Su-34 bombers equipped with overhead jamming stations. "Khibiny", then still undergoing tests. All this made it possible in a matter of hours to disorganize the Georgian air defense system, and a little later to actually destroy it, destroying the 36D6 radar station and the powerful Tbilisi airport radar integrated into common system Georgian air defense, as well as striking the main command post Air defense of Georgia. The Buk-M1 air defense system, in conditions of powerful radio interference, could not perform its tasks and stopped working, was subsequently abandoned during the retreat of the Georgian troops and captured by the advancing Russian troops.

Despite the active re-equipment of the Russian Aerospace Forces, which began at the beginning of this decade, the massive arrival of new aircraft and the modernization of vehicles already in combat units, Russian aviation had two big "Achilles heels" that significantly limited its capabilities - this is an insufficient number of modern models missile weapons, as well as the extremely depressing situation with the availability of modern aviation electronic warfare equipment. Enormous efforts have been made to close these "gaps", which in last years started to show results.

"Khibiny" - a reliable means

On March 18, 2014, a new Khibiny electronic countermeasures complex was adopted. The complex consists of two electronic warfare containers placed on the wingtips of the aircraft. This complex is designed to provide individual protection of the carrier aircraft by reducing the range radar detection the enemy, as well as setting imitating interference that makes it difficult to distinguish on the target against the background of false marks, determine the parameters of the target (range, speed, direction, etc.), as well as target tracking.

The complex is made on a modern element base and is able to interfere with all existing types of radar and air defense systems. The use of the Khibiny complex makes it possible to reduce the probability of an aircraft being hit by several times, despite the fact that its cost is only 5–7% of the cost of an aircraft. Immediately after being put into service, mass production of the complex for new Russian aircraft began. They are equipped with Su-34 bombers and modernized Su-24M2, Su-35, Su-30SM and Su-30M2 fighters.

The operation in Syria clearly showed that modern Russian aviation is sufficiently equipped with electronic countermeasures - all Su-34 bombers, as well as Su-30SM and Su-35 fighters making combat sorties, were equipped with Khibiny.

Unfortunately, the basic version of the complex cannot carry out group protection of aircraft (however, during the war in South Ossetia, this complex was able to partially implement such functions). However, in 2015, it became known about the appearance of new EW containers, already group protection, for Su-34 bombers. The exact characteristics of the complex are unknown, but there is evidence that it is located under the fuselage of the aircraft and, apparently, is an "extended" version of the Khibiny complex. In the very near future, this will make it possible, if necessary, to turn the Su-34 into a full-fledged electronic warfare aircraft in a matter of minutes, capable of reliably hiding an entire group of aircraft from detection.

leverage

In addition to the creation of EW hanging containers, significant efforts were made to upgrade the existing grouping of heavy EW aircraft, as well as EW helicopters. So, for example, in 2013, a contract was signed for the supply of 22 newest electronic warfare Mi-8MTPR-1 helicopters equipped with the Rychag-AV complex. This complex is capable of setting up powerful interference and blinding even an entire group of enemy air defense systems within a radius of several hundred kilometers. At the moment, at least five helicopters have been transferred to combat units.

On the basis of the Il-22, a specialized electronic warfare aircraft Il-22PP "Chopper" was created. The main task of this aircraft is to “jam” all enemy communications. It is capable, loitering in the deep rear, to "dazzle" early warning aircraft, radio equipment, long-range air defense systems (in particular, the American Patriot), drone control channels, and also suppress the communication lines of the ground forces. The impact of such an electronic warfare complex on "network-centric" control systems modern armies, acutely dependent on stability a large number communication channels, it is difficult to overestimate. At the moment, several Il-22 aircraft have been upgraded to the described version.

In the past two years, the Russian armed forces have shown a colossal "leap" in the creation and use of electronic warfare. In just a few years, it was possible to largely eliminate the more than 20-year lag behind NATO in the field of electronic warfare. Mass appearance in ground forces, and in the aerospace forces of the most modern means Electronic warfare allows us to confidently say that the modern Russian armed forces have truly reached the world level and are able to successfully fight against the most modern enemy.

Russia is actively developing and manufacturing electronic security equipment (EW) designed to combat systems combat control. EW complexes suppress and incapacitate radio electronic means control of troops and weapons. In our country, 18 enterprises that are part of the Radioelectronic Technologies Concern (KRET) are engaged in the creation of electronic warfare.

Electronic warfare systems are the technical basis for information warfare. They neutralize control systems by suppressing, disabling and destroying electronic equipment. Electronic warfare systems are used in the sky, on the ground and in space.

KRET was established in early 2009 to develop and manufacture aviation, ground and marine radio-electronic systems, as well as military and civil systems. It is part of the Rostec State Corporation, which owns 100% of the concern's shares.

TYPES OF ELECTRONIC COMBAT SYSTEMS

Electronic warfare systems can be divided into several groups. These are means of suppression (REP), means of protection (REZ) and means of intelligence (RER).

ECM facilities create active and passive interference, use decoys and traps to disrupt the operation of electronic systems and facilities.

REZ means eliminate or weaken the impact of electronic weapons on their radio-electronic objects, and also protect against unintentional mutual radio interference of electronic intelligence.

RER means are designed to collect intelligence information by receiving and analyzing electromagnetic radiation.

The use of all electronic warfare means increases efficiency and increases survivability military equipment. The main buyer and customer of electronic warfare systems produced by the KRET concern is the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

EW SYSTEMS PRODUCED BY KRET

In accordance with the decree of the President of the country, by 2020 in Russian army there should be at least 70% of new generation equipment. In 2013, the Ministry of Defense adopted seven unique electronic warfare systems manufactured at KRET enterprises.

The station of electronic intelligence and control "MOSKVA-1" is designed to scan the airspace. Having found equipment equipped with radio elements, the station transmits the received data to the means of electronic warfare, air defense and the Air Force to neutralize targets. Unlike conventional radars, Moskva-1 operates in passive radar mode - it captures the target's own radiation, while remaining invisible to the enemy.

As part of the state order for 2013, 10 multifunctional jamming systems "KRASUHA-4" were delivered to the Ministry of Defense. The system is produced by the Bryansk Electromechanical Plant (BEMZ). This complex is capable of completely covering areas of land several hundred kilometers from radar detection, suppressing the action of enemy aviation radars and communications.

KRET also supplied the RF Armed Forces with more than 10 MERCURY-BM multifunctional jamming stations. They are designed to protect personnel and equipment from being hit by artillery shells and rockets equipped with radio fuses. "Mercury-BM" was developed by the All-Russian Research Institute "Gradient".

In addition, several unique PRESIDENT-S aviation complexes and active jamming stations SP-14/SAP-518 were delivered. These systems interfere with aircraft homing missile systems, causing the fired missiles to deviate from their intended target. "President-S" was developed and released by the Research Institute "Ekran". The complex is designed to protect helicopters, military transport aircraft.

The means of electronic protection called "AVTOBAZA" was developed by the All-Russian Research Institute "Gradient" and released by the Novgorod NPO "Kvant". The complex is designed for passive detection of radiating radar systems and transmission to the automated control point of the coordinates of operating radars, their class and frequency range numbers. Several of these complexes given time are in service with the Russian army.

PLANS AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS

The SAP-14/SAP-518 stations provide protection for the Su-34 4+ generation fighter-bomber, the Su-35S 4++ generation super-maneuverable multi-role fighter, and the Su-27SM fourth-generation multi-role highly maneuverable all-weather fighter. Universal devices are produced by the Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute (KNIRTI).

The means of electronic protection called "AVTOBAZA" was developed by the All-Russian Research Institute "Gradient" and issued by the Novgorod NPO Kvant. The complex is designed for passive detection of radiating radar systems and transmission to the automated control point of the coordinates of operating radars, their class and frequency range numbers. Several such complexes are currently in service with the Russian army.

PLANS AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS

KRET enterprises are constantly working on new electronic warfare systems. 12 air and ground systems are under development. In particular, by order of the Ministry of Defense, experimental design work is being carried out to create a unique KHIBINY-U complex.

The strategic planning of military operations is carried out by army headquarters on the basis of several fundamental assumptions. These include the awareness of the command about the operational situation and the uninterrupted exchange of information. If either of these two criteria is not met, even the most powerful army in the world, armed with a huge amount of modern equipment and manned by selected soldiers, turns into a helpless crowd, burdened with piles of scrap metal. The receipt and transmission of information is currently carried out by means of reconnaissance, detection and communication. Every strategist dreams of disabling the enemy's radar and destroying his communications. This can be done by means and methods of electronic warfare (EW).

Early methods of electronic countermeasures

As soon as electronics appeared, it began to be used by defense departments. The advantages of wireless communication, invented by Popov, were instantly appreciated by the imperial Russian Fleet. During the First World War, broadcast reception and transmission of information became commonplace. At the same time, the first methods of electronic warfare appeared, which were still timid and not very effective. To create interference, airplanes and airships dropped cut aluminum foil from a height, which created obstacles for the passage of radio waves. Of course, this method had many drawbacks, it did not last long and did not completely block. In 1914-1918, another important method of electronic warfare, which is also widespread in our time, became widespread. The tasks of signalmen and scouts included the interception of enemy broadcast messages. They learned to encrypt information very quickly, but even an assessment of the degree of intensity of radio traffic allowed staff analysts to judge a lot.

The role of information in World War II

After the outbreak of World War II, electronic warfare entered a new phase of development. The power of submarines and aviation of Nazi Germany required effective confrontation. In Britain and the United States, countries that are faced with the problem of the security of Atlantic communications, serious work has begun on the creation of means of early detection of surface and air objects, in particular, bombers and FAA missiles. There was also an acute question about the possibility of deciphering the messages of German submariners. Despite the impressive work of mathematical analysts and the presence of some achievements, electronic warfare became effective only after the capture of the (accidental) secret Engim machine. The real value of research in the field of disinformation and the interruption of the information structure of Germany during the Second World War did not find, but experience was accumulating.

Army as a living organism

During the period cold war means of electronic warfare began to take shape close to the modern idea of ​​​​them. The armed forces, if they are likened to a living organism, have sense organs, a brain and power organs that directly carry out a fire effect on the enemy. The "ears" and "eyes" of the army are means of observation, detection and recognition of objects that can pose a security threat at a tactical or strategic level. The function of the brain is performed by the headquarters. From it, through the thin "nerves" of communication channels, orders are sent to military units that are mandatory for execution. Various measures are being taken to protect this entire complex system, but it remains vulnerable. First, the enemy always seeks to disrupt control by destroying headquarters. Its second purpose is to hit the means information support(radar and early warning posts). Thirdly, if the communication channels are disrupted, the control system loses its functionality. Modern system electronic warfare goes beyond these three tasks and works often much more difficult.

Defense asymmetry

It is no secret that the military in monetary terms is many times superior to the Russian one. To successfully counter a possible threat, our country has to take asymmetric measures, ensuring the proper level of security with less costly means. The effectiveness of defense means is determined by high-tech solutions that create the technical conditions for causing the greatest damage to the aggressor by concentrating efforts on its vulnerable areas.

AT Russian Federation one of the leading organizations involved in the development of electronic warfare is KRET (Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies"). A certain philosophical concept serves as the basis for creating means of suppressing the activity of a potential adversary. For successful operation, the system must determine priority areas work at various stages of the development of a military conflict.

What is non-energy interference

At the present stage, the creation of a universal interference that completely excludes information exchange is practically impossible. A much more effective countermeasure can be the interception of the signal, its decoding and transmission to the enemy in a distorted form. Such a system creates an effect that has received the name "non-energy interference" from specialists. Its action can lead to a complete disorganization of the command and control of hostile armed forces, and, as a result, to their complete defeat. This method, according to some reports, has already been used during the Middle East conflicts, but in the late sixties and early seventies, the electronic warfare equipment element base did not allow achieving high efficiency. Intervention in the control process of the enemy was carried out "in manual mode." Available today Russian divisions electronic warfare is digital technology.

Tactical means

In addition to strategic issues, the troops on the front line are forced to decide tactical tasks. Aircraft must fly over enemy positions protected by air defense systems. Is it possible to provide them with unimpeded passage over the defensive lines? The episode that took place during naval exercises in the Black Sea (April 2014) practically proves that modern Russian funds electronic warfare provide a high probability of invulnerability of aircraft, even if their characteristics today are no longer among the most progressive.

The Department of Defense modestly refrains from commenting, but the reaction of the American side speaks volumes. The usual - in the conditions of maneuvers - overflight of the Donald Cook ship by an unarmed Su-24 bomber led to the failure of all guidance equipment. This is how the Khibiny small-sized electronic warfare complex operates.

Complex "Khibiny"

This system, named after the mountain range, is externally a cylindrical container suspended from a standard military aircraft pylon. The idea of ​​creating a means of information countermeasures arose in the second half of the seventies. The defense theme was received by KNIRTI (Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute). The electronic warfare complex conceptually consisted of two blocks, one of which ("Proran") was responsible for reconnaissance functions, and the other ("Regatta") exposed active jamming. The work was successfully completed in 1980.

The modules were intended for installation on the Su-27 front-line fighter. The Russian electronic warfare complex "Khibiny" was the result of combining the functions of both blocks and ensuring their coordinated work together with the on-board equipment of the aircraft.

Purpose of the complex

The L-175V device ("Khibiny") is designed to perform several functions, which are collectively defined as electronic suppression of the activity of enemy air defense systems.

The first task that he had to solve in combat conditions was to locate the probing signal of the radiation source. Then the received signal is distorted in order to make it difficult to detect the carrier aircraft. In addition, the device creates conditions for the appearance of false targets on the radar screen, complicates the determination of range and coordinates, and worsens other recognition indicators.

The problems that arise with enemy air defense systems are becoming so massive that it is not necessary to talk about the effectiveness of their work.

Modernization of the Khibiny complex

During the time that has passed since the L-175V product was adopted, the device layout has undergone numerous changes, which aimed to increase technical parameters and reduce weight and size. Improvement continues today, the details are kept secret, but it is known that newest complex electronic warfare can carry out group protection of aircraft from the effects of anti-aircraft missile systems of a potential enemy, both existing today and future ones. The modular design implies the possibility of increasing power and information capabilities depending on the requirements of the tactical situation. When developing the device, not only state of the art air defense systems of a potential adversary, but also anticipating the possibilities of their development in the near future (for the period up to 2025).

Mysterious "Krasuha"

The electronic warfare troops of the Russian Federation have recently received four Krasukha-4 mobile electronic warfare systems. They are secret, despite the fact that Krasukha-2 ground-based stationary systems of a similar purpose have already been in operation in military units since 2009.

It is known that they were created by the Rostov Research Institute "Gradient", produced by the Nizhny Novgorod NPO "Kvant" and mounted on the BAZ-6910-022 chassis (four-axle, off-road). According to its principle of operation, the newest Russian complex electronic warfare "Krasukha" is an active-passive system that combines the ability to re-radiate electromagnetic fields created by early warning antennas (including AWACS), and the creation of active directional interference. The lack of technical details did not prevent the media from leaking information about the amazing capabilities of the electronic warfare complex, the work of which “crashes” the control systems and missile guidance units of a potential enemy.

What lies behind the veil of mystery

For obvious reasons, information about the technical characteristics of the latest Russian electronic countermeasures systems is kept secret. Other countries are also in no hurry to share secrets in the field of such developments, which, of course, are underway. However, it is still possible to judge the degree of combat readiness of a particular defense equipment by indirect signs. Unlike nuclear strategic missiles, the effectiveness of which can only be guessed at and speculatively analyzed, electronic warfare equipment can be tested under conditions closest to combat, and even against very real, albeit probable, opponents, as happened in April 2014. So far, there is reason to believe that the Russian electronic warfare troops will not let you down if something happens.

"Analysis of armed conflicts of the late XX - early XXI centuries. showed that electronic warfare is becoming one of the key elements of modern wars. Organizationally, electronic warfare is one of the components of information operations.

" The essence of electronic warfare is to temporarily or permanently reduce the effectiveness of the use of enemy reconnaissance means, weapons, military equipment by electronic or fire suppression (destruction) of its electronic equipment, control systems, reconnaissance, communications. Thus, electronic warfare can include both temporary disruption of the operation of enemy electronic systems by jamming, and the complete destruction of these systems (fire damage or capture). EW also includes measures for electronic protection (REZ) of its information systems and electronic intelligence. The saturation of the modern battlefield with information systems determines the extremely important role of electronic warfare in modern and future wars. The experience of recent military exercises has shown that even if one of the opposing sides has an overwhelming superiority in precision weapons, she cannot count on victory if her control structures are suppressed by electronic warfare.

The objects of the main impact during EW operations are: elements of command and control systems for troops and weapons; means of intelligence; systems of storage, processing and distribution of information; radio electronic means; automated systems, databases and computer networks; personnel involved in decision-making and management processes."

source: http://www.modernarmy.ru/article/163

What electronic warfare systems do you currently have? armed forces Russia and their brief characteristics.

Air Force Air Defense:

Ground station of powerful noise interference SPN-2

Designed to protect ground-based areal and small-sized objects from being observed by pulse aircraft radar stations (RLS), including side-looking radars (BO radars), control radar weapons (radar UO) of the air-to-ground class, radar for navigation and support for aircraft flights at low altitudes (radar OPMV).

The jamming station provides reconnaissance of the BO radar, the UO radar at a distance of 130 - 150 km, the OPMV radar - at a direct radio visibility range (up to 30 - 50 km, depending on the flight altitude of the aircraft - the carrier of the OPMV radar).

Ground complex of powerful jamming "Pelena-1"

Designed for electronic suppression of the AM/ARU-1(2) radar of the AWACS airborne early warning and guidance aircraft with automatic frequency guidance of the generated interference to the carrier frequencies of the radar operating in the fast-tuning mode. This excludes the detection by the radar station of air objects with an effective dispersion area of ​​up to 10 - 15 m2. Range "radar - covered object" - 50 - 80 km; "complex - radar" - up to 250 km.

Ground station of powerful noise interference SPN-4

Designed to protect ground-based areal and small-sized objects by suppressing interference from pulsed aircraft radar stations (RLS), including side-looking radars (BO), air-to-ground weapon control (UO), navigation and ensuring aircraft flights at low altitudes ( OPMV).

Modernized jamming station SPN-30

Designed for electronic jamming (REW) in an extended operating frequency range of existing ones, including those that have undergone modernization, air-based radars to protect ground and air facilities. Provides suppression of the main beam and side lobes of the following classes of airborne radar:

Means of protecting radar stations from anti-radar missiles "Gazetchik-E"

Designed to protect the radar from anti-radar missiles (PRR) by briefly turning off their radiation at the commands of an autonomous RRR detector in combination with the use of distracting devices in the frequency range of the radar, as well as setting aerosol and dipole interference to the ARR guidance systems with thermal, television and active radar homing heads .

Ground complex of electronic suppression of radars of reconnaissance and strike complexes

Designed to cover ground, including small-sized, objects of weapons and military equipment by means of electronic jamming (REP) along the main lobe of the antenna pattern (DNA) of an airborne radar station (RLS) of reconnaissance-strike systems (RUK), operating in the mode of review of the earth's surface with mapping and selection of moving targets, as well as radar tactical aviation, including side-looking radar.

Designed for electronic suppression of the AM/ARU-1(2) radar of the AWACS airborne early warning and guidance system along the main lobe of the antenna pattern when the radar is operating in pulse-Doppler mode with and without beam scanning in elevation, in pulsed and combined air target detection modes.

Designed to protect ground-based areal and small-sized objects from targeted missile strikes or bombing and from observation of them by aircraft airborne radars, including side-looking radar (BO radar), navigation and low-altitude flight support radar (OPMV radar), control radar air-to-ground weapons (radar UO). The interference created on the screens of airborne radars completely excludes the possibility of an aimed bombing or missile attack on a protected object. The complex simultaneously suppresses up to 50 BO radars, UO radars and OPMV radars of aircraft and helicopters flying from any direction and at altitudes from 30 to 30,000 meters.

Navy Air Defense

Shipboard system of radio technical situation and interference MP-401S, MS

Designed to improve efficiency air defense surface ship by:

Warnings about ship exposure to radar signals;

Creation of noise aiming and barrage frequency interference for radars of air and surface targets;

Management of the production of active and passive interference by the system operator.

The system includes radio equipment, active interference, control, electronic control and system power switching.

82-mm PK-16 shipborne jamming system

Designed for setting radar and optoelectronic distracting decoys to counter guided weapons with radar and optoelectronic guidance systems.

120-mm PK-10 shipborne jamming system

Designed to increase the effectiveness of the ship's air defense in the final homing area of ​​air attack weapons by setting radio-electronic and optoelectronic decoy targets.

Means of electronic intelligence of the air defense of Russia

Rubella-4 complex.

The main task of the new electronic warfare complex is to counter the radar stations of aircraft of various types. For this, according to some media outlets, the Krasukha-4 complex has appropriate work algorithms. The equipment is able to detect the source of the radio signal (aviation radar), analyze it and, if necessary, put interference at the desired frequency.

one of the machines of the electronic warfare complex "Moscow-1"

The Moscow-1 complex is able to find targets by the so-called. passive radar: its systems receive and process radio signals supplied by targets, primarily airborne. This allows you to watch airspace without unmasking its position with its own signals. After the target is detected, the equipment of the complex can accompany it and issue target designation to Air Force, Air Defense or EW units.

SPR-2 "Mercury-B" (GRAU index - 1L29) - jamming station for radio fuses of ammunition.

This self-propelled vehicle is a further development of the Mercury-B system and is intended to protect troops from weapons using radio fuses. The principle of operation of the "Mercury-BM" system is relatively simple: the electronics of the complex emit signals that affect the operation of radio fuses of enemy ammunition. Due to this impact, shells or rockets explode at a higher altitude, thereby reducing the risk of damage to personnel and equipment. In addition, the "Mercury-BM" complex can switch the fuses to contact mode, which accordingly affects the effectiveness of an artillery or missile attack.

Electronic warfare complex for the Russian Airborne Forces. Leer-2.

And this is not a complete list. There is also the Khibiny complex. It was the one that made all the electronics unusableAmerican destroyer "Donald Cook": 130 tons of expensive Kevlar, armor made of high-strength alloys, radar absorbers ... Plus four super-radar antennas, up to a hundred Tomahawks, air defense missiles and the latest Aegis combat information and control system. The incident took place in the Black Sea in April 2014.

There are also other developments of the KRET concern.