The climate of Crimea is moderate. Crimea is located in the temperate climate zone with a partial manifestation of the subtropical climate in the zone of the Southern Coast of Crimea. This is part of the coast between Foros and Sudak, closed from the north by a ridge of the Crimean mountains. But, "de jure" the entire Crimea is in the temperate zone.

Despite this, the Crimean climate is divided into several zones. The flat part of Crimea has a temperate continental climate with hot and dry summers and short and little snowy winters, sometimes bringing surprises in the form of severe frosts. In the southern part of Crimea, on the contrary, the climate is similar to the Mediterranean one. Such weather conditions are provided by the non-freezing Black Sea and the protection of the region by the Crimean Mountains with north side. So, the warm air coming from the south is easily passed by the mountains, but the dense and cold air is prevented, due to which the resort climate of the Southern coast of Crimea is achieved. average temperature The air temperature here in summer is +28°C, which, however, is somewhat softened by the breezes from the sea.

The Crimean peninsula is provided with a large amount of heat not only in summer, but also in winter. In December and January, 8-10 times more heat per unit of the earth's surface per day is received here than, for example, in St. Petersburg. Crimea is one of the sunniest regions in Russia. The annual duration of sunshine here varies between 2,180 and 2,470 hours per year. It is especially great on a flat sea coast, where breeze winds prevent the formation of clouds. Of the annual amount of radiation, Crimea receives approximately 10% in winter, 30% in spring, 40% in summer and 20% in autumn.

Crimea receives the greatest amount of solar heat in summer, especially in July. The minimum number falls on the mountainous regions, and the maximum - on the western coast of Crimea. Although Crimea receives one and a half times more heat from the sun in spring than in autumn, spring is nevertheless cooler than autumn. This is due to the large consumption of heat in spring for heating the soil, the evaporation of moisture from it, and the heating of the upper layers of water cooled during the winter in the Sea of ​​Azov and the Black Sea. In autumn, much less heat is consumed for these purposes, and the air receives it additionally from the soil and water that have warmed up over the summer.

With increasing altitude, climatic changes are much greater than changes associated with movement across geographic latitude. A special mountain climate is created. Decreases with height Atmosphere pressure, air transparency and especially effective radiation increase. For this reason, despite the increase in solar radiation with height, the radiation balance, air temperature and its amplitude daily course decrease. In Crimea, for every 100 meters you climb, the air temperature decreases by 0.65°C. Most humid climate- in the Crimean mountains, where frequent snowfalls occur in winter, and the average temperature can be around -4°C, while in summer it does not exceed +15°C. The thickness of the snow cover in the Crimean mountains can reach a meter. Strong winds often blow in the mountains and there are a large number of foggy days.

Winter in Crimea

Winter in Crimea is wet, mild and not long. On the coast of Crimea, snowfalls are a rare phenomenon, but typical for mountainous regions at an altitude of over 500 meters. Winter is characterized by rainy weather, fog and high humidity. Mild weather is typical, although sharp cold snaps are not uncommon. Strong northeasterly winds often blow, which turn into storms on the coast. That is why the air temperature of +7°C can feel like minus. Another reason for this is high humidity.

December is a fairly mild winter month. Snow in December is an exceptional phenomenon, and frosts occur only at night. The average temperature on the peninsula is about +5°C, on the southern coast of Crimea it can reach +15°C. It often rains, and most of the days it is foggy. The hunting season is closed, it is also impossible to catch fish in December.

January is usually dry and clear. If snow falls, it lasts no more than a couple of days. However, there are also winters when the cover remains intact for about a week. The average air temperature this month is around +5°C. In the south, this figure is noticeably higher, around +15°C. The water temperature in January is one of the lowest and is +9 - +10°C. A small number of cloudy days, plus temperature and lack of precipitation make January an excellent month for hiking, mountain tours and museums.

February is the coldest month in Crimea. At this time, the average air temperature remains at the same level of +5°C, but the number of frosty days increases. Even on the coast it becomes uncomfortable. The main reason for such a sharp change in weather conditions is strong winds. Precipitation is frequent, and the snow is kept in a dense cover for up to several weeks. The water temperature drops to a minimum value of +8°C. In coastal areas, the formation of an ice crust can be observed. Frequent and storms. gusty wind and strong waves are a fairly common picture in February on the coast.

Spring in Crimea

Spring in Crimea is one of the driest seasons of the year. Spring begins in March and comes confidently, with every day and every meter of mountain height reclaiming its rights. Every day the air temperature rises. The sun is shining and the birds are chirping merrily. Snow is falling from the Crimean mountains, the melt waters of which fill the rivers. Active flowering begins in April: hillsides are covered with fragrant herbs and wild flowers, buds swell on trees, which in a few weeks will give a real riot of color and smell, gardens and parks are dressed in fresh greenery. Spring in Crimea is a real delightful feeling of beauty and beauty, bright colors and crazy smells!

Already in March, on the southern coast of Crimea, buds swell and snowdrops and daffodils bloom. The temperature during the day can reach +20°C, and at night it can drop to 0°C. You can't swim yet. The water temperature rarely exceeds +9°C. However, March is considered one of the best months for treatment in the territory of sanatoriums.

In April, wonderful weather persists in Crimea, most of the month it is sunny and windless. The temperature on the southern coast of Crimea rises to + 20 ° C, which allows you to safely move around without warm jackets. The sun is actively warming, but its rays are still soft. However, people with particularly sensitive skin can burn out.The water hasn't warmed up yet. The average water temperature is +10 - +11°C. But, towards the end of the month, at the height of the day, many tourists decide on short swims.

May in Crimea, especially on the southern coast of Crimea, can already be called the beginning of the season. The average air temperature is usually above + 20°C, which allows you to fully sunbathe, but the water warms up to acceptable temperatures only by the beginning of June. There are not very many people yet, which will allow tourists vacationing at this time to avoid queues and hustle. But, the weather in May is unstable. The sun can shine for several days in a row, and then suddenly give way to rain. Downpours bring moisture and coolness. With an average air temperature of + 20 ° C, and in the southern part of the peninsula and all + 30 ° C, after rain the thermometer can show + 15 ° C. In May, it is better to take an umbrella and a couple of warm clothes with you. And yet, this month is usually sunny and warm. Many tourists come to Crimea as the May holidays as well as on weekends. Taking a vacation for the sake of relaxing on the peninsula at this time is not a good idea.

Summer in Crimea

Summer in Crimea is dry and hot, the sun is hot and scorching. On the southern coast of Crimea, everything will be buried in greenery, and this is due to heavy rains, which are so typical for this part of Crimea in the summer. In the mountains at this time, especially in the gorges, there are very low temperatures. In the evening, high daily marks always drop, bringing the desired coolness. The water warms up by June. In the west, this process is faster than in the south, due to the relatively shallow Kalamitsky Bay.

June throughout the Crimea meets everyone with a bright sun and green decoration. This is a unique month that combines green forests and blooming flowers. Daytime air temperature in June in Crimea does not exceed +32°C. The sun's rays have lost their former softness, but it is still impossible to call them scorching. The water temperature reaches +22°C. During this period, you can swim and exercise active species recreation. The beach season is in full swing.

July is the peak season in Crimea. One of the two most popular months of the year for tourists. The air temperature during the day approaches + 40 ° C, and in the sun it can exceed this figure. During the day, staying in open areas for a long time is dangerous: you can get heat or sunstroke. However, such a phenomenon as "lowering" can be observed. This is the rise of the lower unheated layers of water to the top. Occurs after the wind blows from the land for a long time. This phenomenon is less common in West Coast at Evpatoria.

lovers beach holiday enjoy spending time at sea. Near the coast, high temperatures are much easier to endure. By this time, the water warms up to +24 - +26°C, so you can swim at your pleasure.

The temperature of air and water in the Crimea reaches its maximum values ​​in August. The heat at times can be somewhat uncomfortable, but the wind from the sea saves vacationers from the heat. August is the maximum occupancy of hotels, a very high occupancy of all recreation areas. The air temperature during the day often exceeds + 40 ° C in the shade. The sultry and dry climate makes it difficult to travel during the daytime. The scorching sun finally burns out all the greenery, so during this period it will not work to admire beautiful landscapes. However, at night the thermometer does not show low temperatures. Coolness beckons the coast. The sea temperature this month reaches a record +28°C, and in the Sea of ​​Azov the water temperature is a couple of degrees higher.

Autumn in Crimea

Autumn in Crimea is one of the best times of the year. It is much warmer than spring, because after three (actually four) summer months, the sea turns into a huge reservoir of heat, which keeps the weather very warm. The first month and a half of autumn is the swimming season. The fact that it is still autumn in the yard, only November days speak. And that is only in the last decade. At this time, the foliage is painted in a golden-purple color. The intensity of precipitation by the end of autumn increases, as well as the blowing winds, gaining greater strength. Daylight hours become shorter, and at night there is a significant cooling.

September is called the "velvet season" in the Crimea. In September, the heat begins to subside. The air temperature drops to more pleasant +30°C, the sun becomes less aggressive. The tourist flow is much weaker than in summer. In addition, this is the period of the grape harvest. At this time, you can enjoy the sea, it warms up to +24°C, sunbathe and swim. But in the second half of September in the eastern part of Crimea (from Sudak and to the east), the weather is already cool and the season is almost over there.

Autumn in Crimea may seem like a real fairy tale. The number of rainy days is minimal, with very little precipitation. The water temperature in early October is +20°C, so many vacationers enjoy swimming. In Crimea, in October it is still quite warm in the south and west, but in the eastern Crimea, the water temperature is already low and only seasoned people can swim. The season ends. The air temperature continues to decrease, the average for the southern part of the peninsula is +20°C during the daytime. But, on sunny days, the thermometer can show +28 - +30°C. There are more rainfalls. Rains, although short-lived, are still present.

November is already a real autumn month. The air temperature continues to fall and in November it stays at +18°C during the day and becomes even lower closer to December. The end of the month may surprise with night frosts, but this is rather rare. The season is over, it is very cold to swim in the sea, and the weather indulges with frequent nasty rains. November is perhaps the most unsuitable month for a holiday.

Due to the complex structure of the relief and the peculiarities of the atmospheric circulation, precipitation in the Crimea is distributed very unevenly - from 250 mm per year in the steppe to 1,000 mm or more in the mountains. The conditions for the distribution of precipitation over the peninsula largely depend on the Crimean Mountains, which, although not high, nevertheless contribute to an increase in thermal and dynamic turbulence (vortex motion) of air, its rise and the formation of a mountain humidification regime. Most of the peninsula is characterized by insufficient moisture, where precipitation falls by 100 - 150 mm, less than even in the central regions of the steppe. A decrease in precipitation on the coast is observed primarily in spring and summer due to the fact that the relatively cold sea surface prevents the development of convection (vertical air movement).

In Crimea, 80-85% of the annual precipitation falls as rain. The share of solid precipitation is less than 10%, and mixed - 5 - 8%. In the mountains, the proportion of liquid precipitation decreases with height. So, on Ai-Petri they make up only 49%. The number of days with rain varies from 80-130 in the steppe regions to 150-170 in the mountains. In the summer in the Crimea there are no more than 5 - 10 days with rain per month. However, it is not uncommon for exceptionally heavy rains - downpours.

When to go to Crimea

In fact, the climate of Crimea is very favorable for human life and health. The miraculous properties of the Crimean nature and its generous sun were known as early as the second half of the 19th century. The peninsula was considered a resort royal families. The climate of Crimea is mild, not harsh, and it is conducive to relaxation at any time of the year. But it is not so. We are all used to the need to rest in the Crimea in the summer. However, in other months you can spend an amazing and unforgettable vacation on the peninsula.

The first thing to remember is that the beach season in Crimea starts from the end of May - the beginning of June and lasts until the beginning - mid-October. It is at this time that you can enjoy splashing in the warm waters of the Black or Azov Seas. In early May, although the tourist beach season opens - the sea is still cold, you can swim only after a bottle of good Crimean wine, the weather, although warm, is very deceptive and unpredictable. In the eastern part of the Crimea (Sudak, Alushta, Kerch) you can swim until the middle - end of September, then the water and air temperature becomes very cool and allows you to do it "through force". On the southern coast of Crimea (Yalta, Alupka) and in the West (Saki, Evpatoria) you can swim until mid-October - the sea is shallower here, and the climate is a little warmer. The rest of the year it is cold to swim in the Crimea!

From the beach season, as elsewhere, they distinguish high season and low season. A tourist wave covers the peninsula in mid-June: streams of people rush to the beaches surrounded by pristine nature. The high season begins in the Crimea, the peak of which falls on July - August. During these months, all the hotels are completely packed, the number of vacationers on the beaches goes off scale, and the price tags for vacations simply defy any description. If you want to save money and do not like crowds of tourists, come to Crimea in September or October. There are much fewer tourists - the holidays are over, and the children go to school, the heat subsides, as do the prices in hotels. In addition, in autumn, due to mild weather, you can often go on excursions and travel around the entire peninsula, as well as taste wonderful delicious fruits, in addition, this time of year is the grape harvest season. In a word - the autumn months are " the Velvet season" in Crimea.

The eastern shores of the peninsula are washed by the waters of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, which is separated from the Black Sea by the Kerch Strait. It is very shallow, therefore, the swimming season starts here in mid-May with a temperature mark of about +20°C. In the following months, an increase in air temperature is noted, and as a result, the water warms up to +26°C - +28°C. The resorts of the Sea of ​​​​Azov are quite popular these days, although people come here, after all, less often. They are great for those who feel insecure on the water, as well as for families with small children. But, it is worth knowing about the other side of the coin of the shallow bottom of this sea: during strong winds, sand and algae from the depths rise to the surface, causing severe clouding of the water. The velvet season on the Sea of ​​Azov closes at the end of September.

But after the velvet season comes a complete lull, which lasts in the Crimea until the end of next spring. Of course, late autumn, winter and early spring cannot be called the "dead" season. Crimea is home to about 600 specialized sanatoriums, health resorts and boarding houses. All of them have their own specifics, offering various wellness programs. To correct this or that dysfunction of the body, this or that season is good. But, in general, experts believe that warm, not hot and not hot, is favorable for the procedures. cold weather. That is, the time from mid-spring to early summer, as well as from early to mid-autumn. A powerful recreational base attracts people to the peninsula at this time of the year. Prices for holidays in the low season are automatically reduced by 20% - 50%.

Specially for Crimea ski vacation they don't go. But, being here in winter, why not ride Ai-Petri? The season here opens in mid-January, and closes at the end of March. The air temperature on the islands ranges from -10°C to -1°C on average.

March and April are the ideal time for sightseeing tours in the Crimea. Crimea is like a jewelry box, it will reveal its secrets only to the most curious. Travelers have long been fond of sightseeing tours, when within 7-10 days tourists have the opportunity to get acquainted with the history of the peninsula and its beautiful palaces, and go down into the canyons and enjoy the picturesque nature. In the spring in the Crimea it is very sunny, but not hot, everything blooms with violent colors, charming smells of blooming plants haunt, nature pleases the eye. Such sightseeing tours will also be good in autumn, but in summer and winter it is better not to embark on such trips - in summer the terrible heat will simply wash you out, and in winter it is damp and dank, and the winds blow.

The climate of the Rostov region

The climate of the Rostov region is temperate continental, which is due to the remoteness from large bodies of water. Continental features intensify in the direction from the northwest of the territory to the southeast. For example, dryness and heat increase in summer in this direction. and increased windiness and cold in winter. characteristic feature climate of the Rostov region is an abundance of sunlight and heat. However, the air temperature here has a pronounced annual course.

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Winter in the Rostov region is very similar to the classic Russian winter: snow-white, with a clear blue sky, long icicles on the roofs and January frosts. It just doesn't last as long as middle lane Russia, only 3 months, and January frosts are not so strong, only -7 - -9 ° С. Rostov winter, as a rule, comes in mid-December, when the average daily temperature regularly drops below zero. Winter is characterized by unstable weather, frosts alternate with thaws. The warmest winters are in the southwest of the Rostov region, in the Azov administrative-territorial region. This is explained by the proximity of the Taganrog Bay and the geographical latitudes of the region's location. The coldest winters are in the north of the region.

Snow cover on the territory of the region appears in late November - early December, and stable snow cover is formed in late December - early January. Snow cover usually rarely lasts more than three weeks a year, and in some years there are winters without permanent snow cover at all. In winter, precipitation mainly falls in the form of wet snow or rain.

The coldest month is January, with an average daily air temperature of -9°C. However, the minimum of the average monthly air temperature is often observed in February, less often in December. are here and very coldy, down to -30 ° C, but this is rare. And yet, the Rostov winter is characterized by extremely unstable weather, at this time of the year, fogs, ice-frost phenomena, thunderstorms, hail, snowstorms are possible here.

Spring in the Rostov region comes in early March and lasts only 2 months. First of all, it comes to the southwestern part of the territory of the Rostov region, to the Azov administrative-territorial region. This is explained by the arrival of warm air masses Mediterranean. Here is the shortest and clearest spring. Spring begins later than all in the northern Verkhnedonsky and Sholokhov administrative-territorial regions. Here the spring is cooler and longer.

The end of March is already the height of spring, the leaves begin to bloom, the plants turn green, the first flowers bloom. The average daily temperature at the end of March is +10°C. April is a dry spring month. It is characterized by frequent returns of cold weather and frost, which has a very negative effect on field sowing, on early seedlings of plants and on the future harvest of garden trees.

Summer in the Rostov region is hot, dry and long. The Rostov summer lasts about 5 months a year. It begins in early May, when the average daily air temperature confidently passes the mark of +15°C. The hottest and driest summer is in the south-east of the Rostov region, in the Zavetinskiy and Remontnenskiy administrative-territorial regions. This is explained by the frequent penetration of hot continental air masses from the east. The coolest summer is in Verkhnedonskiy and Sholokhovskiy administrative-territorial regions.

In all summer months - June, July and August, hot sunny weather prevails, but nevertheless, each month has its own distinctive features. June is the rainiest month of the year. Abundant torrential rains pour at the time of ripening strawberries and raspberries, and therefore are not forgotten. July is the hottest month of the year, it is the “crown of summer”. The average daily temperature in July is +25°C. Often, real heat comes to the region, when the air temperature rises to + 35 ° C. August is characterized by hot, dry weather, it is at this time that dry winds form, which leads to significant drying of the soil. Also, in the region, about 3-7 days during the summer, there are dust storms.

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September in the Rostov region no longer indulges in heat, it is a mild month, with an average daily temperature of +20°C. The weather is very pleasant for walking, the so-called "Indian summer", which will last until the 3rd decade of September. The length of daylight hours at the beginning of the month is 13 hours 54 minutes, and by the end of September it will be reduced to 11 hours 37 minutes. River water begins to gradually lose the heat of the hot sun accumulated over the summer.An amazing time Indian summer”, with its fabulous orange-golden charm, inevitably replaces the leaden dankness of autumn bad weather.

Autumn in the Rostov region comes in the third decade of September and lasts a little more than 2 months. The most short autumn in the north and southeast of the area. The longest - in the south-west of the Rostov region. The average daily temperature at the end of September in the Rostov region is +14°C. The period from the end of September to the first half of October is characterized by warm, sunny and dry weather. Starting from the second half of October, the surface of the earth begins to cool rather quickly, the nights become very cold, fogs are frequent in the mornings. Cold air masses are increasingly breaking into the territory of the Rostov region, and with them frosts. Heat returns are short-lived. November is a real autumn month, cold and windy, with heavy rains and drizzle, snow often falls at this time. The average daily temperature in November is +3°C. November is followed by a mild winter...

The main features of the weather in the Rostov region can be called a meager amount of precipitation in the summer, here they fall a little more than 400 mm per year. Most precipitation falls on the territory of the Rostov region in summer, in June - July (50-70 mm). In the south-east of the Rostov region, it rarely rains. Snow and hail account for only 30% of all precipitation.

When to go to the Rostov region. The best time to travel to the Rostov region is a long hot summer, lasting from May to October. May is the beginning of summer, a wonderful month for sightseeing and sightseeing tours. The time from June to September is a great time for outdoor recreation, by the rivers, and on the coast of the Taganrog Bay. But it should be borne in mind that in July and August, very hot weather can unexpectedly descend for several days.

September is the favorite month for anglers. In September, there is no longer a withering heat, there are warm, sunny, cool days, this is a great time for walking through the forest, hiking for mushrooms and berries, and other ecological routes.

October and November are perhaps the most unfortunate time for a trip to the Rostov region, a dank, albeit warm, autumn can spoil any plans and trips.

Winter is a neutral season, there is no permanent stable snow cover for winter sports, so entertainment at this time of the year is quite scarce. However, the lack of noisy crowds of tourists and affordable housing prices can please any traveler.

Climate Krasnodar Territory

AT Krasnodar Territory there is both a sea and mountains, three climate variations are perfectly combined here: temperate - in the steppe zone, subtropical - on the Black Sea coast, and mountainous - in the Caucasus Mountains. The weather and air temperature varies greatly depending on the location. For example, when it is +24°C in Sochi in summer, in the mountain town of Achishkho the temperature only rises to +16°C. At the Lago-Naki highlands, glaciers coexist with light forests and flat meadows. But such climatic diversity is the highlight of the Krasnodar Territory.

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The Krasnodar Territory is located at approximately the same distance from the equator and the pole, it is the southernmost point of Russia. Mountain ranges serve as a shield for cold winds from the north, and warm ones from the south, and do not allow moisture from the Atlantic Ocean to pass through. Throughout the year, sharp weather changes are typical - monthly, seasonal and long-term temperature fluctuations are significant.

Winter in the Krasnodar Territory is short, mild, with little snow, with frequent thaws. Severe winters are a rarity for the Krasnodar Territory. In winter, the positive air temperature often persists, it happens that in last month winters on the coast are as warm as summers in the mountains. Winter comes to the Krasnodar Territory from the north, and cold air, moving from north to south, has time to warm up. In winter, the sun rises even lower than in autumn. The days are getting very short. On December 22, the day lasts only 7 hours, and the night - 17 hours.

December in the Krasnodar Territory is not yet winter. Cold spells rarely last long. The average daily temperature in December is +8°С. This weather is more like a long autumn than winter. But this month is the rainiest here. Snow, as a rule, falls at the end of December, and if it does, it usually does not last long. In the central part of the Krasnodar Territory, there are almost no snowdrifts. For the local population, snow causes joy for no more than a couple of days, then there is no end in sight to indignation and irritation: “When will this winter finally end ?!”. If the snow lies for more than two weeks, then many perceive it as a disaster.

January is the coldest month of the year. The average daily temperature in January is +7°С. But sometimes there is a significant warming, when the air temperature can rise to +15°C. Throughout the winter, vegetables, fruits, and early seedlings are grown in greenhouses. In January, as well as in December, there is a lot of precipitation, mainly in the form of rain, less often snow.

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February in the Krasnodar Territory is a warm, dry winter month. On some days in February, the daily air temperature, for example, in the Labinsk region, can reach +20°C. Such days of February are called "February windows". On such days, early vegetation of plants can begin, gardens bloom, and first of all apricot, cherry and other stone fruits. But then, there is a sharp drop in temperature, and it is not always possible to save the crop.

A completely different situation is observed in the mountains of the Krasnodar Territory. The main Caucasian ridge prevents the penetration of cold air from the north, which allows the water in the Black Sea to remain warm for most of the year, which largely determines favorable climate region. However, in the mountains themselves, at this time, a real winter passes. The mountainous regions abound in high amounts of precipitation, so in winter there are very heavy snowfalls. Quite often, here, four and even five-meter snowdrifts. In addition, the temperature in the mountains is much lower than in the rest of the Krasnodar Territory, sometimes there are very severe frosts down to -40 ° C, so the snow mostly does not melt, which undoubtedly gives a good impetus to the development of ski resorts.

An interesting winter feature of the Krasnodar Territory is hail. Hail falls here more often than in any other region of Russia.

Spring in the Krasnodar Territory begins in early March and lasts about two months. Every spring, the region is flooded with floods. The first half of March is often cold. In the morning and evening frosts are observed down to -5 - -6°C, and sometimes the temperature drops to -13°C. The second half of the month is usually warm. In March, snowdrops and violets bloom in the forests, young shoots of nettle, burdock, and dandelion make their way to the light.

April, by right, is called the month of spring renewal of nature. Every day more and more new plants wake up from winter sleep, dress in a green outfit. The gardens are shrouded in a white-pink veil. Flowerbeds, in squares, bloom bright colors blooming flowers. Sometimes there are sharp cold snaps that bring great harm to gardens. Agricultural work begins on the fields - plowing, sowing. The air temperature this month, during the day, already rises to + 20 ° C and even higher, and the water temperature in the sea reaches + 16 ° C. This month, the southern spring ends, while, for example, in central Russia, it is just beginning.

In May, real summer begins in the Krasnodar Territory. In the first half of the month, frosts occasionally occur, but, nevertheless, warm weather prevails in summer. The average daily temperature in May is +23°C. At this time, on the Black Sea coast, you can already get a beautiful tan. On the May holidays, some already bathe, but this depends on the temperature of the air and water, as it changes from year to year. Usually, in May, the water is already warmed up to +17 ºС, the air temperature, in the daytime, reaches +25 ºС.

Despite the warm weather, heavy rain showers with thunderstorms are not uncommon in May, this is especially noticeable in the southeastern part of the region. The exception is the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Taman Peninsula. There is less and less rainfall every day. Since the end of May, hot weather has reigned in the Krasnodar Territory, and the sun has been scorching mercilessly on the Black Sea.

The Krasnodar summer lasts a long time, almost until the beginning of October. Summer is sunny and hot. Long sunny days give way to short warm nights. The sun rises early, rises high at noon and is very warm. Periodic warm summer rains do not last long. They maintain a constant humidity of the subtropics, which in turn initiates the active growth of lush vegetation (citrus trees, cypresses, palms and yews).

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June is a very sunny month. At this time, there is still no strong heat, but summer is already in full swing, and it is very comfortable to relax this month. Every day the sun rises higher and higher above the horizon. Under its beneficial rays, the earth and the sea warm up intensely. June 22 is the summer solstice. This is the longest day of the year. Its duration is 17 hours 34 minutes.

The air temperature in June rarely exceeds +30ºС, but it does not fall below +20ºС, and the sea water at this time is already warmed up to +20ºС. There are not so many people on the beach yet, and the water in the sea is very clean. Blackberries, watermelons, poppies, sunflowers bloom in June. Various berries ripen - raspberries, blackberries, red currants, cherries and strawberries.

July is the hottest month, the peak of the southern season. The sea has already warmed up to +25ºС, and the average daily air temperature is +28ºС. On the Black Sea coast, the heat during the day is softened by a breeze blowing from the sea. The duration of sunshine in Yeysk is 366 hours per month, in Anapa - 352 hours, in Tuapse - 329 hours, and in Sochi - 302 hours, which is 20-30 hours more than in June. The nights are warm, with light winds blowing from the southern slopes of the range and from the valleys. At this time, there are a lot of people in the resort villages, all entertainment and entertainment facilities are working at full capacity. Numerous fruits ripen in July - plums, apricots, cherry plums, pears and apples. At this time, the watermelon season also begins.

August is a dry and hot month. The average daily temperature in August is +25ºС. Sea water temperature is around +24ºС, in the foothills +20 - +22°С. In August, in the fields and in the gardens, the mass harvest begins. At this time, many fruits ripen, sweet watermelons and melons, pears and grapes, and much more. By the end of the month, the heat usually subsides, the nights become cooler.

In the mountains, summer is short and rather cool, often, the temperature in July reaches only +18 ºС, and at an altitude of 1800 m and above, it does not exceed + 13 °С. Summer does not last long, only 2 - 2.5 months, and in the second half of August, real autumn already begins.

On the flat territory of the Krasnodar Territory, September is considered a summer month. In September, the "velvet season" begins here. The first month of autumn is dominated by warm and clear, but not sultry weather. The duration of sunshine, on average, is 213 hours. The sea, heated by the sun during the summer, slowly gives up its heat. But in the Black Sea, the water is still very warm, and the nights are not as stuffy as in July, the daytime air temperature is moderately hot. True, the disadvantages of this month are that there is noticeably less greenery and short-term, but sharp cold snaps are possible. All fruits and vegetables in the markets are very cheap, natural and the most delicious. On the vegetable counters of local markets, in large quantities, grapes are sold, and many other "autumn" vegetables and fruits. In September, golden ears of corn, sweet beet roots, high-oil sunflower seeds are harvested. In gardens and vineyards, a rich harvest is in full swing. In September, the harvest is not yet complete, and in the northern regions of the region, winter wheat and winter barley begin to be sown.

Autumn in the Krasnodar Territory begins in late September - early October. Autumn is usually long and warm. Trees retain green for a long time, and then golden attire. They gradually shed their leaves. In autumn, the days become noticeably shorter. In early October, at 7 pm it is already getting dark. In the middle of the day, the sun does not rise as high in the sky, and heats the earth less.

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October is characterized by warm and dry weather, without autumn rains, usually during the day the thermometer rises to +18 ºС, however, it is already quite cool at night. You can still swim in the Black Sea. In Sochi and Tuapse, the water temperature is +19°C, in Anapa and Gelendzhik - +18°C. But in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, the water is already cold - + 14 ° C, and sometimes even lower.

November is a really rainy month. November weather is mostly cloudy. The air temperature fluctuates from +5°С to +15°С, there is very little sun. The first frosts and cooling begin. Also, in November there are often strong southerly winds that cause severe storms in the Black Sea. In the upper reaches of the rivers, salmon are spawning. Animals and birds are preparing for winter.

The annual amount of precipitation in the Krasnodar Territory varies considerably: from 350 mm on the Taman Peninsula, 500 mm on the right bank of the Kuban, up to 2,500 mm and more on the southwestern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Range. Most precipitation falls in December - January, in the form of rain in the flat areas, and in the form of snow in the mountains. The duration of sunshine in the Krasnodar Territory is 2200-2400 hours per year.

When to goin the Krasnodar Territory. The best time to travel to the Krasnodar Territory is, of course, summer, when you can swim and sunbathe. bathing season opens in May. The sea at this time is not very warm, but the weather is hot, sunny, there are few tourists and the prices are very attractive.

June, July and August are the hottest months, during the day there is exhausting heat, the beaches of the Black and Azov Seas are full of vacationers, and prices go through the roof. If you are not a fan of the heat, then it is better to choose the "velvet season" for relaxation, which is in September - early October. The water is still warm at this time, and the air is not too hot. In addition, at this time there are much fewer tourists, the abundance of fruits and berries in the markets and shops is pleasing, and prices for housing and food are lowered everywhere. And it is in September that most vacationers come to the opening of the sea fishing and spearfishing season.

October and November are two warm autumn months that you can devote to trips around cities and visiting local attractions. In addition, this time is very popular for those wishing to treat their health in local sanatoriums.

December, January and February are a great time for spending leisure time at the winter ski resorts of the Krasnodar Territory. Here you can practice all kinds of winter sports,modern equipped ski slopes and an abundance of entertainment for every taste and budget make the ski resorts of the Krasnodar Territory a very popular tourist destination lately.

March and April are the spring months, when nature comes to life before our eyes, the grass turns green, leaves bloom, the first flowers bloom. At this time of the year, tourist ecological routes and visits to numerous reserves are popular.

At any time of the year, in the Krasnodar Territory, you can find something to your liking!

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Climate of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic

The climate of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is temperate continental. The climate features of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic are determined by its geographical position, the proximity of the Black and Caspian Seas, and the diversity of the relief. The winter here is short, the summer is warm, long, quite humid. Mountains make up most of the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, which is why 4 climatic zones can be very clearly distinguished here. Plain, foothill and mountain zones correspond to temperate continental, temperate warm, temperate humid and temperate cold climates. For example, in the foothills, in winter, the air temperature ranges from 0°C to -10°C, in summer - from +18°C to +25°C, while in mountainous areas it is much colder. The climate of the entire territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is characterized by a long duration of sunshine.

Winter in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is quite warm and short, in the flat areas. In December, there is a lot of precipitation, mainly in the form of rain, less often snow. The average daily temperature in January is +5°С. But, sometimes, there is a significant warming, when the air temperature can rise to +12°C. Snow rarely falls, does not lie for long, mostly melts quickly enough.

A completely different winter can be observed in the foothills and mountains of the North Caucasus. In the foothills, snow falls already in October, and from November a stable snow cover is established, which lasts for 5 or more months. Winters are moderate, snowy, the average daily temperature in January is -5°С.

From a height of about 2000 m, the leading role belongs to the western transport of air, so the climate of the highlands is more humid, and in some features of its regime resembles a sea one. Winter here is characterized by persistent frosts. So, at a level of about 2000 m, the average January temperature is -7°C, at about 3000 m it reaches -10°C. The mountains are completely covered with a snow cap in early December, often reaching a depth of 2 or more meters. The height of the snow cover in the mountains is extremely uneven: hurricane winds carry huge masses of snow (blizzard transport), bringing relief depressions, exposing windward slopes and sweeping, in leeward areas, powerful snow cornices. Snow cover, on the lower sections of the tracks, lies until the beginning of April, and at heights - until mid-May. In the spring, the melted layers break down. Rivers are rarely covered with ice, more often only ice banks are formed. In their upper reaches, in snowy winters, the water, barely audible, murmurs under a thick cover of snow.

A characteristic feature of winter here are thaws associated with local warm winds - "föhns". At this time, the daily air temperature, in January, can rise to +16 - +22°С at altitudes up to 1500 m, and up to +10 - +15°С at altitudes of 1500-2000 m. At the same time, insecurity from north to south -east contributes to the penetration of cold air masses into the territory of the republic, which are accompanied by strong winds, blizzards, fogs and ice. A stable snow cover is formed after December 20, and disappears after March 10. In the valleys of Teberda, its height reaches 23 cm, and in Dombai - up to 1 m.

Spring in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic comes in early March, in the flat areas, and lasts about 2 months. March is still a relatively cold month, with an average daily air temperature of +15°C, however, many plants are already blooming at this time. April is the height of spring, stable warm weather sets in, plants dress in a new green outfit, flowers bloom, and everything around reminds of the imminent approach of summer.

And at this time, the snow is just melting in the mountains. The sun shines brightly and gives spring warmth to nature awakening from its winter sleep. Frosts and thaws follow alternately one after another, but still, spring soon wins, the spring sun revives many streams from melting snow, the first breaking greenery dresses the mountain slopes in beautiful outfits.

In May, on the plains, it is already summer - hot sunny weather is replete with a riot of colors of the surrounding greenery. While in the mountains everything is just starting to turn green, the air temperature is barely above zero, and frosts still often occur at night.

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Summer in Karachay-Cherkessia, on the plains, is hot and long, it begins in early May and ends in the second half of September. The presence of mountainous terrain brings coolness and fresh wind into the summer heat, which is why the weather in these places is extremely comfortable. The sun shines every day, occasionally there are rains with thunderstorms. Practically, all three summer months, the temperature does not change and averages +25 - +28 ºС. Only at the end of August, the daytime temperature gradually begins to fall.

Summer in the mountains is completely different, just as sunny, but short and not at all hot, the average daytime temperature in July is +15 º C, in the mornings and evenings it’s cooler, and at night it often indulges in negative temperatures. In the summer, in the mountains, it can even snow. Humid sea air from the Black and Mediterranean Seas, sometimes brings summer rains, summer thunderstorms are not uncommon, sometimes even with hail.

In mid-July, in the mountains, everything finally blossoms, alpine meadows bloom and smell fragrant around. It doesn't last long. Literally in the middle of August, real autumn begins, and the juicy green leaf begins to turn yellow. Every day the air is getting colder, and the approaching autumn is clearly felt. But one has only to go down from the mountains to the plain, and again you find yourself in the very center of the hot southern summer.

Autumn in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, on the flat territories, begins at the end of September. Temperatures are slowly dropping, but there are still sunny days. Autumn leaves excite the imagination, colors, ranging from soft yellows to purplish reds. The rainy season begins in mid-October. A strong wind rips the leaves from the trees, prolonged cold rains prepare nature for winter. In November, the air temperature drops even more, in especially cold winters it can snow, but, as a rule, the snow cover is unstable.

In the mountains of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, all the same processes take place, but much faster. In September, the mountains are full of riots of colors, it seems that even stones covered with various lichens and mosses bloom. And in the early morning of September, the herbs are covered with a brilliant hoarfrost. The sun is shining, but no longer warm. In September, the night air temperature is mostly negative. In October, the daily temperature also becomes negative, it often snows. At the end of October, a stable snow cover is already established, which will melt only in late March - early April. November in the mountains is a winter month.

The Black Sea has a very significant impact on the climate of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Here, mainly, cyclones of the Mediterranean front pass, which determine the regime and amount of precipitation. Precipitation, in the flat territories of the republic, falls mainly in the form of rain, in the mountains - in the form of snow. Precipitation is extremely unevenly distributed - there is not much precipitation in the flat areas, the average annual norm is about 550 mm, while the mountains are characterized by very abundant precipitation, and here the annual norm reaches 2500-3000 mm. The duration of sunshine in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is, on average, 2200 hours per year, which is higher than in Kislovodsk or Davos.

When to goto the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The choice of time for a trip to the Karachay-Cherkess Republic depends only on how you plan to spend your time here. Winter is perhaps the most popular time of the year to travel to the republic. There are several popular ski resorts here, such as Dombay, Teberda, Arkhyz, which, thanks to the amazing landscapes and healing mountain air, are very popular with tourists and lovers of skiing. You can ski here until mid-March, but it is worth noting that despite the large number of hotels and campsites, there are still not enough places here, so it is recommended to book places in advance.

The time from May to September is a good time for excursion routes and ecological tours around the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia. A large number of excursion routes through the territory of the Teberdinsky Reserve to natural monuments included in the World Heritage List diverge from Dombai Polyana. Here, too, you can ride a mountain bike, ride horses, take a hike through the flowering alpine meadows.

Big Zelenchuk is popular with water tourists. Relatively safe, it allows you to make hikes of the third category of complexity, without having, at the same time, complex and dangerous obstacles. Climbing to the top of Nadezhda, to the lakes and glaciers located on the Sofiysky ridge, is also popular.

autumn months and early spring- not the most best time for a trip to the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the weather here at this time is unstable, changeable and rather dank.

When going to the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, be sure to take warm clothes and an umbrella with you, they will certainly come in handy at any time of the year.

The climate of the Republic of Adygea

The climate of the Republic of Adygea is temperate continental. The proximity of the Black Sea, which does not freeze in winter, the wide plains, the height and distribution of mountain ranges that play a role in the movement of masses of clouds, high humidity - all this forms a unique climate zone. The Black Sea is an excellent "accumulator" of heat, which accumulates it in hot summers and gradually releases it. environment in winter. Starting from the latitude of the village of Khamyshki, from the east and south, Adygea is framed by high mountains, which are a barrier that fences off the republic from the south, and weakens the influence of the Black Sea. From the west, the influence of the Black Sea is more pronounced. In winter it has a warming effect, in summer the winds from the sea bring coolness and moisture. The seasons of the year are quite different from each other.

Winter in Adygea is mild, with little snow, and lasts for about two and a half months. Winter begins with a long pre-winter period, when there is a constant change of cold snaps - warming with precipitation - melting of snow. In the mountains of Adygea, the winter is severe. It starts at the end of November. December is relatively warm month, with an average daily air temperature of -2°С. The coldest month is January, its average daily air temperature is -5 - -7°C. But, in the mountains, prolonged cooling can be observed, when the air temperature drops to -20 - -25 ° С. Sometimes frosts reach -30 - -35°С. Very heavy snowfalls can occur, with precipitation of 20 mm or more per day. Suddenly, a sharp thaw may also occur with an increase in temperature up to +5 - +10 ° C, causing snow melting, breaking of the ice cover and floods on the rivers. Such thaws are caused by warm dry wind - foehn. The snow cover, due to frequent thaws, also has a different height in the valleys and highlands, and ranges from 50 cm to 2.5 m, depending on the orientation of the slope and other features of the relief. Spring in the mountains comes in late March - early April.

On the plains, winter is milder, it begins in mid-December, the average daily temperature in January is - 2 - - 3°C. Here the influence of northeastern cold air masses weakens, and the influence of the Black Sea increases. The height of the snow cover is quite small due to frequent thaws. On the flat part, it averages 5-10 cm. Soil freezing in the flat part of the territory of Adygea does not exceed 15-30 cm. There are many cloudy days in winter, and precipitation falls mainly in the form of rain and sleet. The length of the day is reduced to 9 hours. At the end of February, spring begins, and everything around begins to change quite quickly.

Spring in Adygea comes, in the flat areas, at the end of February. A distinctive feature of spring in Adygea is that it comes quite abruptly and early. Already at the end of February - the first decade of March, warming is observed. Snow falls sharply from the fields, and the soil begins to warm up already at the end of February. In the spring, as soon as the top layer of soil warms up, seeds begin to swell and germinate, insects come to life, animals wake up from hibernation, birds arrive. The length of the day increases from 10 to 12 hours. At noon, the sun rises higher and higher above the horizon, the influx of solar radiation increases.

March is a very capricious and unstable month. Sometimes in early March, within 10-15 days, the weather is so warm (up to + 20 ° C in the daytime) that the early vegetation of plants begins, gardens bloom. But in April, frost returns are still possible, which adversely affects the vegetation of plants. In March and April, with strong northeast winds, dry weather is observed on the plains, when during the day relative humidity does not exceed 30%, dust storms are also possible at this time.

In the mountains, spring comes later - in late March, early April. Within two to three weeks after the onset of spring, the temperature is already above +5°C, and by April 10-20 it is already above +10°C. In mid-April, the snow cover completely disappears, and nature begins to come to life. Nevertheless, frosts continue here for quite a long time, almost until mid-May.

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Summer in Adygea is long and hot, and lasts, on average, 140 days. In flat areas, where the earth and air warm up better, summer comes in the first decade of May, and in the mountains - in the first half of June. Vegetation, in summer, reaches a lush flowering, animals, birds and insects have offspring. On the plain, hot and dry summers, in the foothills and mountainous regions, summers are much cooler. In June, the maximum amount of precipitation falls. As a rule, these are mainly showers with thunderstorms, and sometimes with hail. Hail falls in patches or stripes up to several kilometers long and thousands of meters wide. It damages crops and can completely destroy crops. The greatest frequency of its occurrence is noted in the southeastern part of the republic. During the whole summer, 370-450 mm falls on the plain, in the foothills the amount of precipitation increases to 500 mm, and in the mountains to 600-700 mm.

The hottest month, both on the plains and in the mountains, is July, but its temperature is very different: in the plains, the average daily air temperature is + 25 ° C, in the mountains, at an altitude of 500 m, it can be up to + 21 ° C, at 1000 m - up to + 20°С, at 1500 m - up to + 19°С, and at an altitude of 2000 m - up to + 13°С. In the north of the republic, dry winds can often be observed in the summer, which account for 35-75 days in the northern part of the republic. Dry weather occurs when tropical air penetrates from Central Asia and Transcaucasia. In August, the air temperature is almost the same as in July, but September brings cooler air, and in the mountains it is already a real autumn month.

Autumn in Adygea is warm, sunny, and lasts only about 2 months. Autumn comes first in the mountains, where frosts are noted already in early September, snow is possible, vegetation stops growing. In mid-September, autumn descends to the foothills, and to the flat territory of the republic. On the flat territory, autumn is a steady warm sunny weather, which is popularly called "Indian summer".

The second half of October on the plains is a daily air temperature of + 10 ° C, and a further decrease in temperature. The crop is already, as a rule, harvested, the first frosts begin. In autumn, plant life freezes: trees lose their leaves, green grass turns yellow, insects hide, migratory birds fly away, rodents stock up on food for the winter. Nature is losing its joyful multicolor. The rains are no longer in the form of downpours, but are continuous, protracted, and, as a rule, drizzle. In the mountains, at this time, the rains are often replaced by snow, and the daytime air temperature is close to 0°C. In November, on the plains, fogs, rains, and inclement weather are frequent. And at this time, in the mountains, a real winter sets in, with negative air temperatures and fairly heavy snowfalls.

The Black Sea forms the so-called Black Sea cyclones, which supply Adygea with the necessary moisture. And the rocks of the Caucasus Mountains hold back the clouds until they pour out all the rains in the valley. This is very important for moistening the climate of the republic. That is why precipitation in Adygea falls twice as much as in the steppes of the Krasnodar Territory, which is why the region has a very rich flora and fauna. The number of days with precipitation, in general, for the year is about 115-150.

However, precipitation, in the plains and mountainous areas, falls unevenly. There is a pattern - the higher the mountains, the more precipitation. On the plains of Adygea, the annual amount of precipitation is 550-700 mm, in the foothills, up to a height of 500 m - 700-800 mm, in the mountains from 1000 to 2000 mm, and more. The largest average annual precipitation is observed on the Belorechensky Pass, where the ridges reach a height of 2,744 m. The duration of sunshine is 2200-2400 hours per year, which is 800-900 hours more than in Moscow. The duration of sunshine in Adygea is 2200-2400 hours per year, which is 800-900 hours more than in Moscow.

When to go to the Republic of Adygea. Adygea is a mountainous republic, with a large selection of numerous ski resorts, which means that the best time to visit will be winter months. The bright sun, relatively warm winter, a lot of snow and an abundance of ski slopes - this is the best way to spend a vacation here.

The summer months from May to October are a great time for excursions, hiking, ecological tours, horseback riding, fishing, hunting, rafting, mushroom and berry tours, and much more. Rest here, in the summer, can truly be called fabulous and incredibly diverse, because despite its rather modest size, Adygea has a very varied relief and climate.

The autumn months and early spring are not the best time to travel to the Republic of Adygea, as capricious weather tends to spoil the rest. At this time, it is usually damp, dank and windy here.

Given the mountainous climate of Adygea, it would not be superfluous to bring warm clothes, durable shoes and a raincoat with you.

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Climate of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

The climate of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is temperate continental. It is quite heterogeneous, due to the different heights above sea level - in the mountainous part - from 1000 to 5000 m, in the foothills - 700 m, and on the plain from 500 to 200 m. This is also reflected in the change of seasons: spring in the mountains starts a month later, and summer ends earlier (at the end of August).

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According to the combination of heat and moisture, the republic is located in two climatic regions: in the Ciscaucasia and the High Caucasus. The territory of Kabardino-Balkaria, fenced off from the south and southwest by the mountains of the Greater Caucasus, is open from the north and northwest for free intrusion of cold air masses from the Arctic. The Republic is one of the main centers of modern glaciation in the Greater Caucasus. A number of large glaciers descend from the Bezengi wall and the mountains of the Lateral Range, the most important of which are Bezengi and Dykhsu.

Winter in Kabardino-Balkaria, on a flat territory, is mild, begins in early December, and lasts about 3 months. The average air temperature in winter ranges from +1 to -8°C. Sometimes, in winter, foehns blow - warm, dry winds from the mountains that bring thaw. The snow cover usually does not last long, and during the whole winter, due to frequent thaws, it melts several times. In winter, on the plains, you can often see fog.

In the Elbrus region, a completely different winter is observed. It is very difficult to predict the climate in the Elbrus region, since it is influenced by many factors, for example, glaciers. The proximity of the Black Sea and the large volume of air exchange, with a free atmosphere, gives a sharp difference climatic features this region. Winter begins, at an altitude of 2000 m, in early November, and at an altitude of about 3000 m and above, the snow cover sets up a month earlier. Its average thickness reaches 50-80 cm, increasing with height. There is less snow on the southern slopes than on the northern ones. As a result of wind transport and snow avalanches, the height of the snow cover in the surface folds can reach large values. At altitudes of about 3000 m, snow can fall at both positive and negative air temperatures.

Spring in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic comes, as unevenly as winter. On the flat part of the republic, spring comes at the beginning of March, and the sun begins to bake quite sharply and the daytime temperature rises quickly. In April, the average daytime air temperature is already + 16 ° C, occasionally there are refreshing spring rains, everything around is blooming.

Spring in the mountains, at an altitude of up to 2000 m, comes at the end of March, and at an altitude of 3000 m - only in the first decade of May. Snow at elevations up to 3000 m descends (often in the form of wet avalanches) until the end of May. At high altitudes, snowfields and firn fields can remain - areas due to which glaciers increase their mass. Here, snowfall, in the form of avalanches, continues throughout June, the higher, the later. In May and June the weather is mostly cloudy and rainy. During this period, more than half of the annual precipitation falls, and above 2500 m - exclusively in the form of snow. Freshly fallen snow during this period is especially dangerous for avalanches.

Summer in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic begins, in the flat areas, in May. Already in this month, the average daily air temperature is +20°C, in June it rises even higher. May and June often indulge in heavy rains with thunderstorms, bringing, so to speak, summer fantastic nature in these parts to perfection. July and August are the hottest months of the year. According to long-term observations, the average daily air temperature is +30°C, in fact, often the air temperature goes off scale under +40°C. But, on summer evenings, ozonated mountain-valley winds come to the plains, which perfectly refresh the air on the plains and foothills. And if the weather is clear, then they appear in the morning, which perfectly relieves the suffocating summer heat. Thus, in the republic, there is practically no summer stuffiness, especially in the vicinity of the mountains. In September, the air temperature goes down, there is no such strong heat, there are beautiful warm sunny days, the trees are gradually dressing in autumn outfits.

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In the mountains of Kabardino-Balkaria, summers are cool, humid and short. At an altitude of 2000 m, summer begins in early July, with an increase in altitude - even later. Summers are humid, cool, with increased cloudiness and heavy rains. July is the hottest month, its average daily temperature fluctuates around +10 - +20°С. But, sometimes real heat comes to the mountains, and the daytime air temperature can rise to + 35 ° С. Despite such heat, at night, the air temperature drops sharply, often to a minus mark. At an altitude of over 3000 m, even in the summer months there are regular snowfalls.

There is one feature, in the mountains of Kabardino-Balkaria, daily deterioration of the weather can be observed here, in the afternoon. The peaks of Elbrus, visible from many points in the region, serve as a kind of weather indicator: if they are covered with clouds from early morning, one should be wary of a cyclone. For Kabardino-Balkaria, as, indeed, for the entire Caucasus as a whole, the cyclical periods of bad and good weather are typical, for summer time equal to 5-7 days, and in the first half of summer the weather is usually worse than in the second. The short summer in the mountains of Kabardino-Balkaria ends quite quickly - already in mid-August, stable night frosts are observed. And at altitudes of more than 3000 m, the temperature can even be below zero.

Autumn in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, on the plains, begins in the second half of September. The leaves are already noticeably turning yellow, but warm sunny weather prevails. October is also a sunny month, but the humidity is much higher than in September, and it often rains. The average daily air temperature in October is +15°С. In November, the number of days with precipitation increases, the air temperature decreases, everything indicates the imminent arrival of winter in these parts.

In the mountains of Kabardino-Balkaria, autumn comes in the second half of August. In the foothills - in early September. In October, the relative humidity of the air decreases, cloudiness decreases, and there is less fog. Autumn quickly flows into winter, autumn rains, in November, are replaced by snowfalls, it becomes quite cold. Green grass is still growing on the plains, and in the mountains, winter is in full swing, although the time of winter varies from year to year.

The Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria has a fairly humid climate, but precipitation is distributed extremely unevenly over the territory: a very small amount falls in the northeast - less than 300 mm, while on the windward slopes in the highlands, more than 1000 mm falls. The distribution of precipitation is largely influenced by the nature of the surface. Most of the precipitation falls in the warm season; from April to October, precipitation increases by 3-4 times compared to the cold period. But most of all it rains here in May and June. It is during this period that more than 50% of annual precipitation falls. And the least precipitation falls in August and September. As a rule, less precipitation falls in the middle of winter than at the beginning or end of winter. Despite such abundant rainfall, Kabardino-Balkaria is a very sunny republic, and the weather is often dry and clear. Precipitation prevails as heavy showers and heavy snowfalls, lasting, as a rule, for a very short time, after which a clear and without cloudy weather.

When to goto the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The best time to travel to Kabardino-Balkaria is, of course, the winter months. In winter, here is a paradise for lovers of skiing. It is worth choosing the middle of winter - at this time the best skiing and snowboarding, because in the middle of winter the rainfall is the least. Sunny days, high mountains, almost complete absence of wind - a great opportunity to spend your winter vacation here.

March and April are a good time to visit the plain territory of Kabardino-Balkaria. Spring is in full swing here, everything around is blooming, sunny warm days, with a cool breeze, an ideal time for exploring local attractions. But God forbid you go to the mountains at this time. March, April and May are the 3 most dangerous months in the mountains. Keep in mind that at this time in the mountains, also, spring is in full swing, at this time snow avalanches quite often come down, and a rockfall forms, which can make it difficult to move along mountain roads, and is simply life-threatening. Increased spring avalanche risk should be constantly in the center of your attention.

The months from May to October are also excellent times for relaxing in the flat part of Kabardino-Balkaria, but keep in mind that in May and June there are often heavy rains with thunderstorms, while July and August can surprise with very hot weather.

July, August and September are perhaps the most good months for recreation in the mountains, rafting, fishing, hiking and mountaineering. This is the safest time for hiking in the mountains. When climbing to Mountain peaks It should be borne in mind that as you rise to a height, atmospheric pressure noticeably decreases and, accordingly, the weight content of oxygen also decreases, and the intensity of solar radiation, in particular, ultraviolet, increases. Very easy to get sunburn or overheating. Air pressure, at the level of 2000 meters, is 550-560 mm, and does not have any noticeable effect on the human body. But when climbing already to a height of 3000-4000 meters or more, the pressure can cause attacks of mountain sickness. You should definitely take this information into account, especially if you are going on your first ascent to the mountains.

Climate of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

Climate North Ossetia temperate continental, but with a wide variety of climatic conditions. As you move, from north to south of the republic, for a little more than a hundred kilometers, you can observe a wide variety of landscapes: steppe, forest-steppe, beech-hornbeam forests, mountain steppes, pine forests, birch crooked forest, karst zone, alpine meadows, mountain tundra, eternal snows and glaciers. The climate of the flat part of the republic differs sharply from the climate of the mountainous regions. For example, in the Mozdok region, located north of the Tersky Range, the climate is the most continental. The largest absolute annual amplitude of temperature fluctuations (77°C), the lowest absolute winter temperature (-35°C) and the maximum summer temperature (+ 42°C) are observed here.

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The Republic of North Ossetia is located at the latitude of Bulgaria, Italy and France, and receives a large amount of heat. The climate of the area is also influenced by the main Caucasian ridge, which delays the penetration of warm and humid air masses into North Ossetia from the Black Sea. In the republic, all seasons are clearly marked, but they are not established all over the territory at the same time.

Winter in North Ossetia comes in early December in the Mozdok steppe and on the Ossetian sloping plain, in the mountains - a month earlier. On the flat territory of the republic, winter is mild, with slight frosts, frequent thaws, unstable and small snow cover. The weather here is mostly dry. The air temperature, in winter, decreases from north to south. The coldest month is January, with an average daily temperature of -3°C in the Mozdok steppe and -5°C in the Ossetian sloping plain. Snow cover, due to frequent thaws, is unstable, and the average height in the flat areas is only 15-20 cm.

In the mountainous regions of North Ossetia, winter begins in late October - early November, and lasts about 6 months. In the zone of the Lateral and Dividing Ranges (above 2000 m), the climate is cold and rather humid. Often the daily air temperature here reaches -25°C. In winter, precipitation mainly comes from the Caspian Sea. There is a lot of precipitation at this time of the year, mainly in the form of snow, there are often snow storms, with hurricane winds. The snow cover lasts from November to June, in winter its height is 4-5 meters.

One of the features of the climate of North Ossetia, the winds of the southern and south-western directions, the so-called "föhns". They are especially pronounced in winter. During the period of action of the foehns, the air temperature rises greatly, and then, in the mountains, the rapid melting of snow begins, leading to snowfalls, and in the foothills and on the plain, often, ahead of schedule, the buds swell in the gardens.But a few days pass, and the hair dryers stop, and a sharp cold snap sets in, which has a detrimental effect on the gardens.

AT winter period time, the territory of North Ossetia is also invaded by cold air masses from Central Asia, and penetrate through narrow transverse gorges into the mountains, where there are strongly heated southern slopes of the Rocky Range. When cold masses hit the heated southern slopes of the Rocky Range, the moisture present in the air is released, fogs and snowfalls form, and the temperature drops. But all this happens in the mountains, located no higher than 1500 m. As a rule, above this mark is clear, dry, warmer weather. The air descends along the slopes, at the same time, it heats up by 1 ° C for every 100 m upwards and, having reached the foothills, it acquires a relatively high temperature and low humidity.

Spring in North Ossetia comes to the plains in March, and reaches the mountains only by the end of April. The snow disappears, the sun warms, and the heads of snowdrops break through last year's foliage and the first green grass. AT spring time, on the flat part of the North Caucasus, east and northeast winds (dry winds) often blow, air masses from Central Asia often invade, which bring dry and hot weather. The second half of spring is often cool. The fact is that at the end of April and beginning of May, cold air masses invade the territory of the republic from the north-west. The air temperature drops sharply, and the amount of precipitation increases.

Spring in the mountains, at an altitude of up to 2000 m, comes at the end of March, and at an altitude of 3000 m - only in the first decade of May. In April, increased snowmelt begins, the weather is mostly cloudy, there is quite a lot of precipitation. Snow, at elevations up to 3000 m, descends (often in the form of wet avalanches) until the end of May - June, according to the rule: the higher, the longer the snow melts.

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Summer in North Ossetia, on the plain, comes in May. Summer here is hot and long, lasting until the end of September. May and early June is a time that often indulges in heavy rains with thunderstorms. But, all this is only for the benefit of nature, it comes to life and blooms, filled with moisture. July is the hottest month, its average daily air temperature reaches +28°C, and in the foothills +25°C. But, often, real hot days come here, when the daytime air temperature reaches +35 - +38 ° С (mainly in the north of the republic). The highest air temperature is observed in the north of the republic (+42°С).

In the mountainous regions of North Ossetia, summer comes only in July and lasts about two months. Summer in the mountains is short, cold and with heavy rainfall. The average daily temperature in July, in the mountains, is +18°C (at an altitude of about 2000 m). But, here you should not forget about the rule of the mountains: the higher - the colder. In mountainous areas, with every 100 meters rise, the temperature drops by 0.5-0.6°C. A decrease in temperature contributes to the condensation of water vapor in the rising air masses, and, consequently, to an increase in precipitation. So, at an altitude of about 3000 m, the air temperature will already be about + 12 ° С. In addition to the fact that the temperature decreases with height, the proportion of precipitation also increases.

Characteristic, for the mountainous terrain of North Ossetia, is the great variability of the weather during the day, this is especially noticeable in the summer. The fact is that during the day the air heats up more strongly over the slopes of the valley than over its bottom. As a result, heated air rises and winds arise, directed along the side slopes of the valley and along it, from the lower reaches to the surrounding ridges. As the air rises, it cools and it rains torrents. Suddenly the whole sky is covered, thunder rumbles, whole streams of water fall to the ground. But, soon everything stops, just as suddenly as it began, the clouds disperse and the sun shines and warms again.

Autumn in North Ossetia, on the flat territory, begins at the end of September. In autumn, over the entire territory of the North Caucasus, a high blood pressure, and over the Black Sea - low, and therefore, at this time, northeast winds prevail, which bring little precipitation. Thus, at the beginning of autumn, dry, clear and warm weather is observed. The trees stand in a green-crimson decoration, the sun gently shines, it's time for a golden autumn. In the second half of autumn (end of October, November), humid air masses of Atlantic origin penetrate into the plain of North Ossetia, which bring with them great cloudiness and precipitation, which falls mainly in the form of annoying drizzling rains.

In the mountains of North Ossetia, autumn begins at the end of August. But September is still quite a dry and warm month, and in October it is already snowing with might and main. The fact is that the change of seasons in the mountains occurs much faster than on the plains, the grass quickly turns yellow, a few trees quickly shed their leaves, frosts quickly set in, and rains are replaced by snowfalls. Everything happens in just a few days. And, of course, the rule of the mountains also applies here: the higher, the faster the season changes.

The climate of North Ossetia is characterized by uneven precipitation over the seasons, as well as their distribution on the territory of the republic. The entire flat area north of the Elkhogovo-Ordzhonikidze railway, including the Sunzhensky and Tersky ridges, is characterized by weak and insufficient moisture. Here precipitation falls only 400-600 mm per year, and even then unevenly. The mountainous part of the republic is a zone of increased moisture, more than 2500 mm falls here annually, but most of the precipitation is carried away by rivers to the sea. In winter, air masses coming from the continent dominate, and therefore, there is little precipitation in winter. In the summer, air masses coming from the Atlantic predominate, so more precipitation falls during the warm period of the year.

North Ossetia is a very sunny republic, especially its ski resorts. For example, the average annual number of hours of sunshine in the Tsey Gorge (2,256) is much greater than in other similar resort areas, which creates an incredible good conditions for winter sports.

When to goto the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. North Ossetia is mountains and mineral springs. But this is already too much! Therefore, before choosing the time of your trip, you need to determine exactly what you plan to do during your vacation, what kind of vacation you prefer. Perhaps, only those who were born there can afford to visit North Ossetia and not climb the mountains, so the highlight of this republic is hiking in the mountains. For climbing mountains and crossing snow-covered passes, you should choose the period from July to September, when the weather is most stable, and there is the least amount of snow on the passes, in addition, this time is considered the safest in terms of avalanche areas.

The pearl of North Ossetia is the Tsei Gorge. From November to April, there is snow here, up to one and a half meters deep, which creates excellent conditions for organizing a high-altitude ski base. December - the first half of March is a great time to visit the Tsei Gorge and other ski resorts of the republic, after this time the snow melts in the mountains, and it is quite risky to be here. You should avoid visiting the mountains in the spring (second half of March, first half of June) and autumn months (October, November), at this time, the weather is extremely unstable, besides it is also dangerous, often in these months, here you can observe hurricanes, snowstorms, avalanches.

If you do not plan to climb mountains, and are going to travel through the flat part of the republic, then the best time to travel to North Ossetia is from May to October. The second half of the year from October to May is not the best time to travel, it can be cold, damp, windy, and sometimes all at once.

In a small area of ​​North Ossetia, there are more than 300 sources of medicinal and table mineral waters, diverse in composition and properties, the republic is actively developing as a resort and health sector. Several large balneological resorts have been created, operating year-round. If you are going to one of these resorts for prevention or treatment purposes, the timing of your trip is not significant.

Climate of the Chechen Republic

In general, the climate of the Chechen Republic is temperate continental, and changes significantly with increasing altitude, and moving from north to south. All transitional types of climate are found here, ranging from the arid climate of the Tersko-Kuma semi-desert to the cold humid climate of the snowy peaks of the Bokovoy Range. For example, the arid continental climate of the northern semi-desert regions of the republic is characterized by a harsh temperature regime and a high frequency of dry winds and dust storms. To the south, as we approach the ridges of the Greater Caucasus, the climate softens and becomes more humid. In the foothills, the warm and humid climate favors the growth of abundant vegetation. As one rises to the mountains, the climate becomes colder, excessively humid, less continental, and in the high-mountain zone it acquires the features of the climate of regions of eternal snows.

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The Chechen Republic is located in the same latitudinal zone with the subtropics of the Black Sea coast and southern France, and receives a lot of solar heat throughout the year. Therefore, the summer here is hot and long, and the winter is short and relatively mild. A noticeable decrease in temperature associated with an increase in altitude is observed in the Chechen Plain. Thus, the average annual temperature in the city of Grozny, at an altitude of 126 meters, is +10.4°С, and in the village of Ordzhonikidzevskaya, located at the same latitude, but at an altitude of 315 meters, - +9.6°С.The climatic features of the territory are best traced by the seasons of the year.

Winter in the Chechen Republic usually begins in late November - early December. In the mountains, at a level of 2000 m, its beginning shifts to the first ten days of November, and even higher - to October. Thus, the onset of winter on the territory of Chechnya is stretched out for a month. Snow, on the flat territory of the Chechen Republic, falls in the first decade of December, sometimes later, and lies until the end of February. The first snow, as a rule, quickly melts under the influence of thaws and liquid precipitation, and only from the second half of December does a stable snow cover form. On the flat territory, the snow cover is low: the average height, during the winter, does not exceed 10-15 cm. Sheep, raking loose snow, easily get their own food.
In the foothills, snow appears at the end of November and melts at the end of March. The number of days with snow here is approximately 75-80, and the average maximum height snow cover - up to 25 centimeters. At altitudes of 2500-3000 meters, a stable snow cover appears in September and lasts until the end of May. The number of days with snow reaches 150-200 or more. The height of the snow cover depends on the relief. From open places, it is blown away by the wind, and accumulates in deep valleys and windward slopes. On mountain peaks with a height of more than 3700 m, snow persists throughout the year - this is the snow line. Here, even in summer, due to low temperatures, precipitation can fall in the form of snow. In mountain valleys and pits, stable snow cover forms only from mid-December. In the foothill areas, the height of the snow cover increases to 16-20 cm, and in the mountains - up to 1 m or more.

January is the coldest month of the year. The average daily air temperature ranges from -5°C in the flat area to -20°C in the mountains. Winter is most severe in the Zaterechnaya Plain, due to the action of strong cold and dry winds of the Siberian anticyclone, blowing away the snow cover and causing sharp drops in temperature. In the foothill plains, the alternation of cold periods with thaws is common. Winter is characterized by great instability in the Terek delta. Sometimes, in January, warm and clear weather sets in in these areas, which causes swelling of the buds on the trees, but in some years there are also harsh winters, with prolonged frosts.

In the mountains, thaws are less frequent, therefore, there are no such sharp fluctuations in temperature as on the plains. However, the most severe frosts in the republic are not in the mountains, but on the plains. The temperature in the Terek-Kuma lowland can drop to -35°С, while in the mountains it practically never falls below -27°С. This happens because, with comparative warm winter and cool summers, in the mountains, the contrasts between summer and winter temperatures are smoothed out. Thus, the climate, with increasing altitude, becomes less continental and more even.

Spring in the Chechen Republic, on the plains, begins at the end of February. From the second half of February, the snow melts quickly; temperatures are rising significantly, there are much more sunny days. Already at the end of February, early spring ephemera-cyclamen, snowdrops, anemones appear. The temperature south of the Terek River rises above zero. In April, often on the plains, dust storms are observed that damage crops.

In the mountains, the course of spring slows down, and at an altitude of 600 m it comes during the first decade of March. The duration of spring snowmelt on the plains of lowland Chechnya within the altitude range of 0–600 m is usually two to three weeks. In the same time, spring period characterized by returns of cold weather, frosts occur until the end of April. At an altitude of 1500 m, warming occurs in mid-April, and a month later, spring reaches a height of 2500 m. At about the same time, the last spring frosts in the plains and foothills cease.

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Summer in the Chechen Republic, in the flat part, begins on May 11-15, and is distinguished by the duration of the heat, often accompanied by drying east winds. The highest temperatures are observed in the Tersko-Kuma lowland. The Tersko-Kuma lowland is a semi-desert zone with an arid climate. Precipitation here is only 300-350 millimeters per year, the summer is hot and very sultry. Often the daily air temperature here reaches +40°С. High summer temperatures and great dryness of the air lead to the fact that the evaporation of moisture exceeds the amount of precipitation. This causes severe drying of the soil and burning of vegetation. The semi-desert impresses with its dull, lifeless appearance. Dry winds, sultry winds from the steppes of Kazakhstan, especially dry out the soil and have a detrimental effect on vegetation.

The hottest month of the year on the territory of the Republic of Chechnya is July, its average daily temperature is +28°С. Quite often a real sweltering heat sets in, when daytime air temperatures reach +35 - +38°C, and even in September, the thermometer can show +27°C in the shade. Due to the length of summer and high temperatures, the amount of heat received by plants during the growing season in the plains is very high. According to the amount of heat received by plants during the period of their development, the flat part of Chechnya corresponds to the Kuban plain. Grapes, tobacco, sugar beets and potatoes are grown here.

To the south, as the terrain rises, the onset of summer gradually shifts to a later date: it begins at an altitude of 800-900 m at the end of May, at an altitude of 1200 m - in mid-June, and at an altitude of 1600 m - in mid-July. At this time, the flowering of subalpine meadows is in full swing. At this time, they resemble a beautiful colorful carpet. Extraordinarily large white daisies, blue and purple bells, red carnations, yellow elecampane and many other flowers of various colors and shades stand out brightly. Subalpine meadows are excellent pastures - all summer herds of cattle and flocks of sheep graze here. The average daily temperature in July is +21°С at an altitude of 500 m, +18°С at an altitude of 1000 m, +15°С at an altitude of 1500-1600 m, and does not exceed +7- + 8 ° С, and at the snowy peaks of the Lateral Range - + 1 ° С. Rains, in the foothills and in the mountainous regions, in summer, often fall in the form of showers.

Autumn in the Chechen Republic, on a flat territory, comes late - at the end of September, and lasts until December. The first half of autumn is warm and dry. At the end of October, autumn frosts appear on the soil, in November the weather gradually becomes cloudy, foggy and rainy. The number of days with fog, in November, increases from east to west, varying from 12 to 20 days.

In the mountains of the Chechen Republic, autumn comes earlier than on the plains, as you climb into the mountains, and already at altitudes of 800-1000 m, it begins on the second five-day week of September, and at an altitude of 1600 m - in mid-August. Starting from an altitude of 1800 m, autumn comes even earlier. As the altitude increases, the duration of the autumn period increases from 85 days at an altitude of 1000 m, to 100 days or more, at altitudes above 1500 m. September - October.

The territory of the Chechen Republic is different high humidity. Atmospheric precipitation is distributed extremely unevenly. The least precipitation falls on the Tersko-Kuma lowland, and at altitudes of 2000 meters or more, 900 mm or more of precipitation falls annually, which is brought by western air transport. This is an area of ​​excess moisture. In deep river valleys and basins, precipitation is always less than on the surrounding slopes. Few of them also fall in the longitudinal valleys. The Alkhanchurt valley is also particularly dry in the republic. Summer precipitation falls mainly in the form of showers.

An essential factor in education precipitation is cloudy. clear days per year, in the foothills and mountains, much more than on the plains. So, in the village of Shatoy, the probability of a clear sky is 30% of days a year, and in Grozny - only 6%. The greatest cloudiness, on the plains, is observed in winter, and the cloudiest month is December. Cloudless and partly cloudy weather prevails in summer; August is characterized by the least cloudiness. And in the mountains, everything is exactly the opposite: the clearest are the winter months, and the most cloudy are the summer months.

In the highlands of the Greater Caucasus, atmospheric pressure does not exceed 600 mm Hg, while in the flat part of the republic it is 750-760 mm Hg. From the north and northeast, the Chechen Republic is open to free penetration of air masses, and this also largely determines its climatic conditions.

When to goto the Chechen Republic. The best time to travel to the Chechen Republic is winter or summer. A fan of winter sports, of course, should go here in the winter months - December - the first half of March. At this time, mainly in the mountains, there is a slight frost and excellent sunny weather. The second half of March, April and May are not the best time to visit mountainous areas, at this time it often rains and snowfalls in the mountains, a particular danger for tourists at this time is avalanches. Winter is not the best time for visiting local cities and sightseeing, as winter here is characterized by cloudy chilly weather, and sometimes real winter cold.

The period from April to October is a great time to visit cities and sightseeing routes, but to visit the foothills and mountain lakes, it is better to choose the second half of summer - July and August. At this time, the weather in the mountains is blooming and fragrant, there is practically no danger of avalanches and rockfalls.

The autumn months are not the best time for a trip, especially for visiting the mountainous regions of the republic.

The climate of the Republic of Ingushetia

The climate of the Republic of Ingushetia is temperate continental. A small area, stretched from north to south, is clearly divided into two parts - flat and mountainous. The remoteness of the republic, from the seas and oceans, determines the continentality of its climate, which is expressed in large differences in temperatures in summer and winter. The determining factor of difference in the climate of certain regions of the republic is also the relief. As the altitude increases, the temperature decreases and the amount of precipitation increases.

Ingushetia is located on the northern slopes of the foothills of the Greater Caucasus Range, in its central part, in a zone of favorable climatic conditions, and receives a significant amount of heat all year round. Winters are mild and short, summers are hot and long.

Winter in the Republic of Ingushetia usually begins in late November - early December. In the highlands, winter comes in October. In the lower belts and valleys, winters are usually mild, with unstable snow cover. Snow on the flat territory of Ingushetia falls in the first decade of December, sometimes later, and lies until the end of February. But only from the second half of December, a stable snow cover forms, which melts several times during the winter. In intermountain basins, snow falls in October.

On the flat territory of Ingushetia, the winter is mild, the average daily air temperature in January is -4°С. Frost in these places is a rare phenomenon. In winter, cloudy weather prevails on the plains, rains are replaced by snowfalls and vice versa, and so on all winter. In the mountains, the situation changes dramatically. Here, too, the coldest month is January, its average daily temperature in the mountains is -10°C. Quite severe frosts are not uncommon here, when the thermometer drops to -25°C. In winter, in the mountains, mostly cloudy sunny weather is observed.

A characteristic feature of the climate of the Caucasian republics is the influence of Western European cyclones, which bring warm air masses from the Atlantic and contribute to the emergence of strong dry and warm winds (foehns). As a rule, foehns are more often on the plains than in the mountains. At times, foehns reach hurricane strength and cause windblows in the forests. The air temperature, with a hair dryer, rises significantly, which entails the melting of snow, the descent of snow avalanches.

Spring in the Republic of Ingushetia, on the flat territories, comes in early March. By this time, the snow has completely melted, and there are much more sunny days. In April, there is a sharp increase in temperature, everything around turns green and blooms. In a short time, nature is completely transformed and meets the month of May fully armed. The appearance of the surrounding nature is changing - everything around is covered with greenery.

In the mountains of Ingushetia, spring comes later than on the plains. Until mid-March, it is winter here, and only at the end of the month spring changes are felt. Snow begins to melt in April, often snowmelt continues until the second decade of May. A large amount of solar heat is spent on melting snow. Therefore, spring in the mountains is colder than on the plains. In April and May, cold and frost often return.

Summer in the Republic of Ingushetia, on the flat territories, begins in mid-May. Here the summer is hot and lasts until October. There is little precipitation, and sometimes sultry winds from the steppes come here - dry winds, and then everything around turns into a hot desert. The hottest month of the year is July - its average daily air temperatures often go off scale for + 30 ° С. Not a record for Ingushetia and +40°C. Thanks to such a hot and long summer, Ingushetia receives a huge amount of heat and sunlight, which is positively reflected in the rich flora and fauna of the region.

In the mountains, summer begins at the end of May - the first half of June, depending on the height, and lasts a little over two months. Summer here is quite cold, the average daily temperature in July here is only about +20°C, although for several days a year in the mountains there is a real heat of +25 - +27°C. Although such a temperature, compared with the heat on the plains of Ingushetia, will seem cool. Rains, in summer, fall in the form of heavy showers.

Autumn in the Republic of Ingushetia, on the plains, begins in early October. October is warm sunny time, a very pleasant time when there is no longer a withering heat, and the trees dress up in smart colorful clothes. At the end of October, autumn frosts appear on the soil, in November the weather gradually becomes cloudy, foggy and rainy.

In the mountains, autumn begins in early September, but in August the first frosts appear, and in October the autumn rain is replaced by snow. In November, at an altitude of 1500 m and above, a snow cover is already established, which lasts until the end of March - beginning of April (depending on the height).

Precipitation is distributed very unevenly across the territory of Ingushetia. Their size increases to the south - from the plains to the mountains. The least precipitation falls in the northern part of the republic, on the plains - only 300-400 mm per year. In the foothills, the amount of precipitation increases to 800 mm, and in the highlands it reaches 1000 mm or more. But even here the precipitation is also unevenly distributed. In the basins, at the foot, a so-called rain shadow is created. Thus, the slopes of the mountains receive more than 1000 mm of precipitation per year, and the basins in the "rain shadow" receive only about 440 mm.

When to goto the Republic of Ingushetia. For nature lovers, local historians and tourists, Ingushetia is an unexplored and beautiful land. There are a lot of unpaved tourist routes, unexplored passes, unconquered peaks, undiscovered lakes, mineral springs and karst caves.

In the flat part of Ingushetia, it is best to travel from May to October. Try to avoid July and the first half of August - at this time there is unbearable heat and withering winds blow - dry winds. At this time, the trip can be worse than the tests in the desert.

The most beautiful region of Ingushetia is, of course, mountainous. The indescribable beauty of nature is breathtaking, and you will never regret that you came here at all. The best and safest time to visit the mountains is the second half of June - the first half of September. At this time, the snow has already disappeared from the mountains, and the danger of snow avalanches and rockfalls is reduced to zero. In addition, in the summer, in the mountains, it is not as hot as on the plains, so you can travel with pleasure. The mountains are also interesting in winter, but there is not much entertainment, since the ski resorts of Ingushetia are still in their infancy. But autumn is not the best time for hiking in the mountains, at this time the weather is just setting, snowfalls are replaced by rains, and frosts are thaws.

The time from November to April is not the best time to visit the flat territories of Ingushetia, unstable winter weather, with constant thaws, and rainy November will spoil your bright colors of memories from visiting this republic.

The climate of the Republic of Dagestan

The climate of the Republic of Dagestan is temperate continental, arid. Dagestan has no equal in Russia in terms of the diversity of its vegetation and climatic zones: from the subtropical forest at the mouth of the Samur River, deserts and semi-deserts in the north of the republic, to high mountain tundra and glaciers, and the warm coast of the Caspian Sea. The flora of Dagestan includes about 4,500 species, of which about 1,100 are endemic, belonging mainly to high-mountain and upland xerophytic formations.

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Mountains occupy about 40% of the territory of Dagestan, the air temperature here changes with height - the higher, the lower the temperature, and high humidity. The semi-deserts and deserts of Dagestan, on the contrary, are characterized by a very dry climate and high temperature air, and the flat territory and the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea, is characterized by the presence of strong winds.In addition to such a large difference in climatic zones, the country also has clearly defined seasons.

Winter in the Republic of Dagestan, on the flat territory and in the coastal part, lasts only three months, and in December it often rains instead of snow. January is the coldest month. On the plains, the average daily temperature in January is -5°C, with occasional severe frosts. For the Terek-Kuma lowland, in winter, temperatures up to -20 ° C are characteristic, and strong winds (blizzards). There is very little snow here.

On the climate of the coastal lowland big influence exerts the Caspian Sea, especially on southern section this lowland, from the city of Izberbash to the mouth of the Samur River. Here, southeast winds from the sea, blowing mainly in the autumn-winter period, determine the seasonal maximum of precipitation, and the average daily temperature in January is +1°C, but often rises to +10°C. The water in the Caspian Sea does not freeze. Sometimes it snows here, which lies for a maximum of 10 days, and then quickly melts.

In the highlands of Dagestan, winters are long and relatively cold. It begins already in October, the rain is replaced by snow, and in November a steady snow cover falls, although thaws are not uncommon, which causes snow avalanches to descend from the slopes. Often the snow cover in the mountains reaches several meters. The coldest month is January, its average daily air temperature is -11°C. Here, as in the plains of Dagestan, there are severe frosts down to -30°C. Given that the mountains have more humidity than the plains, with such a low air temperature it is incredibly cold here.

Spring in the Republic of Dagestan, on the flat territory and in the coastal lowland, comes in early March. Warm torrential rains begin, thanks to which the snow cover comes off and nature begins to come to life. This is a very slushy and unpredictable month in terms of weather. Night frosts continue until the end of March, they are also possible in April. In April, nature continues to dress in green colors, everything around is blooming and fragrant, the daytime air temperature noticeably rises, the rains stop, and there are more sunny days.

In the mountains of Dagestan, spring begins only in early April. At this time, the air temperature noticeably rises, abundant snowmelt begins, and by the end of the month, most mountain peaks up to 2000 m are completely free of snow. Nature begins to come to life, turn green and bloom, the sun burns brightly. Nevertheless, for quite a long time, here, frosts continue, practically until mid-May. The higher mountains continue to retain their snow caps until the end of May - beginning of June. There are also a number of mountains (the highest) where the snow cover persists all year round.

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Summer in the Republic of Dagestan, on the flat territory, is long and hot. It starts in early May and lasts until the end of September. In general, the summer climate is characterized by an abundance of heat and dryness. July is the hottest month, its average daily air temperature is +28°C, but quite often the temperatures here reach +35°C and above, but the hot heat is moderated by strong winds. There is practically no rain here at this time of the year, therefore, by the end of June, all the grass burns out from the scorching sun and acquires a yellow tint.

In the coastal lowlands of Dagestan, summer also begins in early May, but is distinguished by more abundant rainfall, due to which there is a lot of green vegetation and flowers. The Caspian Sea is an accumulator and a source of heat in Dagestan. In the coastal lowlands, it is also hot in summer, as in the plains, but the heat here is not felt so strongly. Due to frequent winds, the summer months in coastal Dagestan are not too hot, as they bring air either from the sea or from the mountains. However, during periods of calm, the summer heat brings serious discomfort to the lives of the inhabitants of these places. The swimming season begins in May and continues until October, the water temperature, by August, reaches + 28 ° C, which characterizes the Caspian coast of Dagestan as a very pleasant climatic zone for recreation and tourism.

Summer in the Dagestan mountains begins in the second half of June and lasts until September. In the foothills and mountainous regions, summers are much cooler. Often, at this time, there are torrential rains, with thunderstorms, which are simply necessary for high-altitude plants for a full-fledged existence. On high mountains, more than 3000 m, the snow, in summer, does not completely melt, and even in the summer, here, there are heavy snowfalls. About such areas, we can say that summer, there, does not come at all. The average daily air temperature in July ranges from +5°С to +20°С, depending on the altitude. On the mountain peaks, eternally covered with snow, even in summer, the air temperature is negative. In the mountains, for the whole summer, several times more precipitation falls than in the flat territories of Dagestan.

Autumn in the Republic of Dagestan, on the plains and in the coastal lowland, begins at the end of September. October is a warm dry month, as a rule, at this time there are fine sunny days, the air temperature is very comfortable, there is no withering heat or dank cold. Although often October nights are quite cold, and at the end of the month night frosts appear on the soil. Warm sunny October gives way to cold, windy and rainy November, the air temperature noticeably goes down and averages only +10°С. Such weather continues, as a rule, until the beginning, sometimes the middle of December, when winter begins in Dagestan.

Autumn in the mountains of Dagestan falls much earlier, this is approximately the end of August - the middle of September, it all depends on the height. The higher, the faster it starts autumn time. The trees shed their leaves, the grass turns yellow and is covered with frost at night. After several days of night frosts, the time of autumn rains begins, which also does not last long in the mountains. Autumn rains quickly give way to snowfalls, in November, on most of the mountains, there is already a stable snow cover, and in fact, the winter period begins.

Since the climate of Dagestan is clearly divided into flat, coastal and mountainous, the precipitation here is distributed extremely unevenly. The least precipitation goes to the plains, deserts and semi-deserts of Dagestan, which receive from 200 to 400 mm per year. Here the climate is arid, and lack of moisture is obvious. The coastal part of Dagestan, due to the accumulation of the Caspian Sea, receives a little more moisture - from 350 to 450 mm per year. This is quite enough for the Primorsky lowland to remain green in the summer. The mountainous regions are the most spoiled by precipitation, here, depending on the region, falls from 800 to 1200 mm or more per year. Due to this abundance, the climate here is excessively humid, which contributes to the formation of lush vegetation in the summer.

When to goto the Republic of Dagestan. Dagestan is such a diverse country that first you need to decide which region of Dagestan you are going to and how you plan to spend your vacation. If you are going to visit the flat or semi-desert parts of the republic, it is better to go on a trip in late spring or early autumn. In the summer, here, it is unbearably hot, late autumn there are heavy rains, and in winter severe frosts can come.

If your goal is the beautiful mountains of Dagestan, then there are two seasons here: winter and summer. For lovers of winter sports, a few (and therefore not spoiled) ski resorts of the republic are perfect, visiting which is better to plan for the second half of December and until mid-March. This is the best time for skiing, as a rule, at this time, there is quite a lot of snow and there is mostly good sunny weather. In summer, hiking in the mountains, ecological trails, trips to lakes, rafting are good. It is only worth noting that summer in the mountains lasts from the second half of June to mid-September, this is the warmest and most favorable time for mountain paths and passes, although the temperature at night in the mountains always drops significantly, so it is recommended to take a very warm clothes if you plan to spend the night here. You should not plan a trip to the mountains in spring - from mid-March to mid-June, and in autumn - from mid-September to December. At this time, the weather is full of surprises and surprises, in the form of snow avalanches, rockfalls that demolish everything in its path, heavy rains, hurricanes, snowstorms, etc.

The most favorite destination in Dagestan is, of course, the magnificent coast of the Caspian Sea. For those who like to soak up the sun, it is necessary to come here from June to mid-September. In summer, on the coast, the air temperature is quite comfortable, and the sea water temperature reaches +28°C by August. Autumn, winter and spring are not very suitable for a beach holiday, at this time it is cloudy, cool, it rains and a strong wind rises.

The climate of the Stavropol Territory

The climate of the Stavropol Territory is temperate continental. In shaping the climate of the region, the relief and the underlying surface are of no small importance: the presence of high mountains of the Caucasus Range, which limits the territory from the south, the proximity of the Black Sea from the west, and the Caspian Sea from the east, the presence of dry Kalmyk steppes in the north and east, and towering, in the center region, Stavropol plateau. The climate of the mountains, foothills and the region of the Stavropol heights differs from the arid, hot in summer and cold climate of the steppe zone in winter. Stavropol is famous for a large number of sunny days and frequent strong winds.

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The eastern part of the region, especially in summer, is extremely dry, due to the influence of dry northeast winds. In winter, these winds here are very strong and bring cold with them. Due to high temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter, the climate of the eastern part of the Stavropol Territory is highly continental, which decreases towards the west. The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature reaches 80° in the east, 75° in the west, and 55° in the south and east.The climatic regime changes significantly during the year, the meteorological seasons of the year, as a rule, do not coincide with the calendar ones.

Winter in the Stavropol Territory, short and unstable, usually sets in in mid-November - in the mountains, at the end of November - in the foothills and eastern regions of the region, and in early December - in the rest of the territory. The air temperature drops from the southwest to the northeast, and in the mountains. Snow cover, in the mountains, appears in the second decade of November, and in the rest of the territory - in early December. On the higher parts of the Stavropol plateau, stable snow cover appears at the end of the second decade of December. Snow cover is low and unstable, snow falls and melts quickly. In Kislovodsk, it lies continuously, on average, up to 10 days. More than half of the winters pass without snow cover at all. The average height of the snow cover, in the extreme east of the region, reaches 10 cm. As you move to the west, its height increases slightly, reaching 15-20 cm on the Stavropol plateau and in the foothills. In the mountains, the height of the snow cover increases to 50 cm. Often in winter here blizzards are coming.

The coldest month of winter is January. Its average daily air temperature is -5°C in the flat areas of the Stavropol Territory, and -7°C in the mountains. But, the whole winter period is distinguished by its unpredictability. Severe frosts can suddenly appear here, when the daytime air temperature is -25 - -30 ° C, or a thaw suddenly sets in and the thermometer rises to + 15 ° C and above. It may rain endlessly, only occasionally replaced by snowfall, or there will be no precipitation at all for several weeks. Winter is perhaps the darkest time in the sunny Stavropol Territory, at this time of the year, the weather is mostly cloudy. At the resorts of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, the situation is a little better, here, even in winter, there are many sunny days.

Spring in the Stavropol Territory, on the flat territory, begins in early March, in the mountains from about the third decade of March. The Stavropol spring is also notable for the inconsistency of the “mood”, for example, it is a cloudy day in the morning, it can clear up in the evening. Or vice versa, a sunny morning can be replaced by a cloudy and even rainy day. Despite a significant increase in air temperature, cold often returns in March, and daytime temperatures can be slightly negative, but usually there are no more than 4-5 cold days for the entire month. April is a transition month, this time abounds in precipitation, although the weather is mostly warm and sunny, but often a clear day is replaced by cloudiness and rain. At this time, the air temperature can drop sharply.

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May is already a warm summer month, everything around is green and blooming, butterflies fly, birds chirp, often the daytime air temperature rises to + 20 ° C. Rains, at this time, are less frequent, in the form of torrential downpours, often with thunderstorms. In the mountainous part of the Stavropol Territory, spring drags on a little, and in May it is only about + 12 ° C, there is more precipitation, humidity is higher, and at night the temperature often drops below zero.

Summer in the Stavropol Territory, on the flat territory, begins in the second half of May, in the foothills - at the end of May, in the mountains - from the second decade of June. Summers are hot and dry on the plains, and cool in the foothills. The hottest month of the year is July. Its average daily air temperature, on the plains, is +30°C, but very often the temperature reaches +40°C. But such heat is noticeably softened by the winds that blow here at all times of the year, and the abundant vegetation of the region. Also, in summer, penetration of tropical air is possible, its continental type comes from Central and Asia Minor, as well as Iran, and brings dry winds to the Stavropol Territory, which only exacerbate the situation with high air temperatures.But in the early morning and evening, when the sun disappears, the long-awaited coolness envelops the region. The hottest day is always replaced by the freshness of the night. August is also a very hot month. At this time, the average daily air temperature drops only to +28°C. Little rainfall in summer. In just one summer month, there are no more than 4 days with rain, as a rule, precipitation occurs at night.

Summer, in the mountains of the Stavropol Territory, begins, as a rule, in the second decade of June. Mountain summers are short and cool. The average daily temperature of the hottest month, July, is only +20°С. Really hot weather is rare here. The cool mountain air carries its streams to the flat part of the Stavropol Territory, which greatly facilitates the hot air over the plains. At night, in the mountains, even in summer, the air temperature can drop to zero, so it is always necessary to have warm clothes. It is not as windy in the mountains as in the plains and lowlands, but there is much more precipitation. In addition, the mountainous part is often hidden in the clouds in summer, so you can not always count on getting sunbaths here.

Autumn in the Stavropol Territory comes first in the mountains, at an altitude of 1500 m - in early September, then in the foothills - at the beginning of the second decade of September, on the Stavropol Upland - in mid-September and in the eastern regions of the region - at the beginning of the third decade of September. At the beginning of autumn, the weather is dry and warm. The amount of precipitation decreases, their duration increases, and, accordingly, the humidity of the air increases. In the mountains, by mid-September, there is a transition of the middle daily temperature air through + 10С °, in the foothills and eastern regions of the region - in mid-October, on the Stavropol Upland - at the end of the first - beginning of the second decade of October. Around the same time, the onset of the first frosts occurs.

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Autumn rains begin to drizzle, on the plains and the Stavropol Upland, in early November, and in the mountains - in early October. Perhaps the autumn rainy time is the most rainy and nasty, this is especially felt in the mountains. The air temperature drops noticeably, there are fewer sunny days, the last leaves fall from the trees. In mid-November, as a rule, a steady snow cover falls in the mountains.

Precipitation is unevenly distributed over the territory of the Stavropol Territory, especially in mountainous regions, where the height and exposure of the slopes affect the amount of precipitation. The amount of precipitation per year decreases from south to north, and from west to east, and amounts to 350-500 mm in the southeastern regions of the region, 600 mm on the Stavropol Upland, 600-800 mm on the northern slopes of the western Ciscaucasia, and quickly increases in the mountains up to 2000-3000 mm. More than 85% of all precipitation falls as rain (rainfall prevails over snowfall in winter).

When to goin the Stavropol Territory. The wonderful Stavropol Territory is the land of mild climate and unique mineral springs! The region called Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, which includes several resort towns (Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki, Kislovodsk) has a unique healing climate, so you can relax and be treated here at any time of the year. It should be borne in mind that there are a lot of people who want to spend their holidays here, so it is recommended to book places in boarding houses and hotels in advance (sometimes even six months in advance), otherwise you may not get into the All-Russian health resort at all. The peak of the tourist season, here, falls on the summer, from May to October, the prices for rest and treatment are the highest. Late fall and winter, although they will not please you with warm weather, they will pleasantly surprise you with prices for holidays.

May - June and September - October are the best times to visit local sights, city tours, and any trips within the Stavropol Territory. At this time, there is no crazy heat, more precipitation, and the humidity is higher, which is much easier to bear. July and August are the two hottest months, when the temperature, every day, is under +40°C, and it is quite difficult to make serious travel, and even unsafe for health. It is recommended to avoid these hot months. Late autumn, winter and early spring is not the best time to visit the cities of the Stavropol Territory, because, in addition to capricious and unstable weather, the region is also famous for very strong cold winds, and a trip at this time can bring you maximum discomfort.

The mountains of the Stavropol Territory attract travel lovers and just romantics, the local mountain nature is simply charming. If you are planning to climb mountains, engage in ecotourism or just take a walk and breathe in the fresh mountain air, choose the time from the second half of June to mid-September. This is the warmest and safest time to travel in the mountains. In the rest of the year, you can take walks in the mountains solely at your own peril and risk. The weather here is extremely unpredictable, and the higher the mountains, the more surprises they present. The weather can be sunny and comfortable, and after a while it will rain and a hurricane will begin. Very severe frosts can hit (especially in winter), up to -30 ° C, or vice versa, a strong thaw will begin, which will lead to the convergence of snow troughs in some areas. The main thing to remember at this time of the year is that if the sun is shining in the morning, this does not mean that it will not rain in 10 minutes. Ski winter sports are not developed in the Stavropol Territory, since there is still not a single ski resort here.

Tours to Sochi and Crimea - specials of the day

The Republic of North Ossetia delights with the diversity of its nature, and all thanks to the fact that it is located in different physical and geographical zones. Caucasus mountains, forest-steppes, plains - each zone has a unique climate, flora and fauna.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the glaciers, which stretch over an area of ​​200,000 m². But these are not dead glaciers, birds and animals live here, lichens, mosses and rhododendrons grow here. Glaciers are especially popular with climbers and ordinary tourists.

Flora of North Ossetia

About 22% of the republic is covered with forest, but its type differs from region to region. Thus, light forest covers the eastern slopes of the Genaldon Gorge and consists mainly of willows and mountain birches, which are occasionally supplemented by wild rose, hawthorn, mountain ash, bird cherry and juniper. Under the trees, you can often find thickets of currants, raspberries, lingonberries and Caucasian blueberries. The western slope of the gorge is covered with lush meadows, where alpine clover, white-beard, variegated and other herbs grow.

Another gorge of North Ossetia, the Karmadonskoe, in May is covered with an emerald grassy canopy, where lawns and flower carpets are full of bright colors. There are really a lot of flowers here - these are buttercups, and primroses, and anemones with forget-me-nots. At the end of summer, new colors are added - red poppies, white grains, pink daisies and colorful bells bloom.

The southern slopes of the Chizhjity-khokh and Arau-khskh mountains are dried up by the sun's rays, and therefore only dry-loving plants grow here, such as sage, sainfoin, wormwood, thyme and timothy grass. From the flowers here you can find bells, cuffs and saxifrage. On the glaciers of the Side Ridge, the climate of the alpine tundra with small birches and willows prevails.

Fauna of North Ossetia

The most common animals of the republic are mountain goats-turs that graze in the meadows of Karmadon and its environs. Usually they walk in herds of 30-40 heads, during the day these shy animals hide in the rocks, and after dark they descend to the meadows, where they graze until dawn. Along with the tours in the gorge, you can meet mountain snowcocks - large birds with a protective coloration. AT warm time year they prefer to live in the upper part of the mountains and descend into the woodlands only with the onset of cold weather.

Another visiting card of North Ossetia is chamois. Beautiful, hardy and courageous, they easily overcome deep abysses and sheer cliffs. In summer they live in birch copses, and in winter they go to the sunny side of the mountains. On the right-bank slopes of the Genaldon Gorge, it is found Brown bear. It does not hibernate like its northern relative, but also enjoys eating raspberries, currants and blueberries. In the ravines, there are also less formidable representatives of the fauna - foxes, badgers and hares.

The meadows of Karmadon are home to many varieties of birds - larks, mountain buntings, thrushes, pigeons and wall climbers. Such an abundance of birds attracts predators; eagles and golden eagles build their nests on high cliffs. Falcons often fly too.

Those who want to enjoy all the beauties of the republic should definitely visit the North Ossetian Reserve, which is located in the upper reaches of the Tsey, Ardon and Fiagdon rivers.

Climate in North Ossetia

The climate of the republic is temperate continental, but with characteristic differences depending on the region. On the Mozdok Plain, it is arid, with a temperature of +24 °С in June and -16 °С in January. Precipitation here falls within 900 mm in the foothill areas and up to 700 mm per year on the plains.

In the Piedmont and Central regions, the temperate zone prevails, which is softened by the proximity of the mountains. It is characterized by long, rainy summers and mild winters. In winter, precipitation comes mainly from the Caspian Sea, and in summer tropical cyclones with thunderstorms and rainy monsoons can come. The average temperature in these areas is +21°C in summer and -3°C in winter.

South Ossetia is located on the southern slope of the Central Caucasus and in the foothills of the Inner Kartli plain. Almost 90% of the republic's territory is located at altitudes of more than 1000 m above sea level. highest point South Ossetia is Mount Khalatsa (3938 m).

The mountainous part of the republic is made up of the Dvaletsky ridge on the border with Russia and the transverse ridges that have grown to it - Rachinsky with Likhsky, Kesheltsky, Mashkharsky, Dzausky, Gudissky, Kharulsky, Lomisssky and Mtiuletsky. Between them there are deep gorges - Kudargom, Sinagur, Mashkhar, Keshelt, Dzaus, Roki, Gudis, Zonkar, Ksani, Lehurskoe.

The foothill region is located in the extreme south of the republic, where the valleys of the Prone, Bolshaya and Malaya Liakhva, Mejuda and Ksan rivers go to the northern edge of the Inner Kartli plain.

Geological structure

In the structure of the mountain system of the Greater Caucasus on the territory of South Ossetia, sedimentary strata of the Hercynian and Alpine foldings, represented by marble, sandstone, shale, limestone and a powerful volcanic suite, take part. The folds have a complex structure, since the older ones are overturned onto the younger ones in a southerly direction, and besides, they are also complicated by faults and overthrusts.

The second tectonic unit on the territory of the republic is, located in the extreme south, the Inner Kartli intermountain block with the most rigid and stable section of the lithosphere, which in some places comes to the surface.

Tectonic movements of the earth's crust of the young mountain system of the Caucasus determine the seismic activity of the territory. The last catastrophic earthquake was in South Ossetia on April 29, 1991. Then Dzau and many villages were destroyed.

The bowels of South Ossetia are rich in ore and non-metallic minerals, most of the deposits of which are located in the Dzau region. Here is the largest in Transcaucasia Kvaisinskoe deposit of polymetals (lead-zinc ores). Barite reserves have been explored at the same deposit. Also, deposits of copper, arsenic, nickel, and tin were found in the republic from non-ferrous metals. From non-metallic raw materials there are deposits of building materials - brick clay, building sand, tufa, limestone, granite, basalt, marble, andesite, marl, gypsum and talc. Studies carried out during the Soviet period indicate the possible occurrence of hydrocarbons (coal, oil and gas). In the north-east of the republic, along the large thrust passing here, there are numerous mineral springs of different hydrochemical composition and temperature, which have healing properties. Most of the springs are located in the favorable climatic conditions of the Dzau resort in the Bolshaya Liakhva river valley: Dzau-Suar, Mskhlebi-Suar, Kodibin-Suar, Khvtse-Suar…

Inland waters

Most of the rivers of the republic belong to the Kura basin (flows into the Caspian Sea): Big Liakhva with a tributary Malaya Liakhva, Xan, Mejuda, Lekhura ... The rivers of the north-west of the republic - Jodzhora and Kvirila belong to the Rioni basin (flows into the Black Sea). The watershed of the river basins of the Black and Caspian Seas are the Rachinsky and Likhsky ridges.

Climate

Both the amount of solar radiation and the circulation of the atmosphere play a significant role in shaping the climate of South Ossetia. The climate in the mountains differs sharply from the climate of the lowlands. The climate is influenced by the geographical latitude of the area, the location of the ranges and the height of the area above sea level.

With an increase in the height of the terrain, winter becomes longer, the snow cover becomes more powerful, its stability and duration increase. In the mountains, summers are usually cool and short. In the highlands during the daytime, their surface abundantly absorbs solar heat, and at night it intensely radiates it, so mountain-valley winds dominate here, which blow down the mountain slopes at night.

At the bottom of the Dzauska and other intermountain basins and in deep closed gorges in winter, cold air accumulates, which descends from high peaks and plateaus down the slopes.

In accordance with vertical zonality, the amount of precipitation also changes; the average annual figure for the republic is 598 mm.

In South Ossetia, the following types of climates are distinguished:

1. Dry, steppe climate with moderately cold winters and hot summers. The air temperature in January is from -0.5º to +2ºС, and in July - from 22º to 25ºС; during the year, precipitation is 350-600 mm; maximum - in April-August. This type of climate is common in the Inner Kartli plain in the south of the republic.

2. Moderately humid climate with moderately cold winters and long summers. The air temperature in January is from -1º to -8ºС, and in July - from 13º to 20ºС; The amount of precipitation during the year is 700-1400 mm, with a maximum in May - June and a minimum in January and August. It is distributed on the Mashkhar, Cheselt, Gudis, Dzaus, Lomiss and Kharul ridges, in the north of the Likh ridge, at an altitude of 2000-2200 m.

3. Humid climate with cold and long winters and cool summers. The air temperature in January is from -8º to -14ºС, and in July - from 3º to 5ºС; atmospheric precipitation during the year is 1000-1800 mm; the maximum falls in May - June, the minimum - in January. It spreads at an altitude of 2200-3000 m.

4. Alpine humid climate of eternal snows and glaciers. It is distributed on the peaks of the Main Caucasian Range, at an altitude above 3000-3600 m (in the area of ​​​​the mountains of Halatsa, Zikara, Kozy-Khokh, Dzedo).

On the passes of South Ossetia, snow falls almost at any time of the year. Snow cover at high altitude falls early: on the northern slopes of the Rachinsky, Kharulsky, Lomissky, Gudissky ridges and on the slopes of the Dvaletsky ridge, on the Mashkharsky, Cheseltsky, Ruksky ridges at an altitude of 2000 m - in mid-November (sometimes, in the second half of October), and descends at the very end of April - beginning of May, and in some places even at the end of June.

Flora and fauna

Visible life appears in South Ossetia below the border of eternal snows. At an altitude of 3500 m, a belt of mountain-stony tundra stretches in a narrow strip along the slopes of mountain ranges with a predominance of mosses and lichens. Below, up to a height of about 2500 m, forb-cereal alpine meadows are common, behind which tall-grass subalpine meadows with shrubs and shrubs of the heather family descend like a motley carpet: rhododendron, lingonberry, blueberry, crowberry.

Animal world Alpine meadows are represented by tours, chamois, snow finches, larks, choughs, Caucasian snowcock, snow voles. The subalpine zone is inhabited by the hare, Promethean and common vole, Caucasian mouse, moles, shrews, kekliks, mountain skates, gray warbler, wall climbers, less often there are birds of prey - eagle, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, falcon, bearded man.

Rich in species composition, the forests of South Ossetia combine the vegetation of the temperate and subtropical zones. The main forest-forming species here are oak, beech, chestnut, linden, ash, alder, and conifers - spruce, fir, pine. Grow a little lower

What do you imagine when you hear the word "resort"? Surely the sea, beaches, palm trees, sun, tanned beautiful people and yourself in a sun lounger sipping a tropical cocktail. There is a great way to break this stereotype. Will help in this vacation in the resorts South Ossetia. For an uninitiated person, South Ossetia is associated mainly with the political events that unfolded in this territory during last decade. Meanwhile, if we ignore these memories, we can make many amazing discoveries about this unique corner of the Earth.

Peculiarities

South Ossetia is amazing mountains, picturesque gorges, fresh air and crystal springs. Here is a wonderful climate, generous and fertile land. Holidays in this small republic will bring travelers not only new experiences, but will also significantly improve their health: in this amazing region there are many sources of mineral water! There are all conditions for those who prefer active holidays in the mountains to conquer ancient mountain peaks and master various ski slopes all year round.

general information

The partially recognized state of South Ossetia is located in the Transcaucasus and occupies an area of ​​3,900 square kilometers. km. The population is approximately 72 thousand people. official languages: Ossetian, Russian, Georgian. Currency - Russian ruble (RUB). 100 RUB = $RUB:USD:100:2. Time zone UTC + 4, local time ahead of Moscow by 1 hour. Mains voltage 220 V at 50 Hz, C. Telephone country code +79971, +79976, +799744, +7995344.

A brief excursion into history

In the Soviet Union, South Ossetia was an autonomous region of the Georgian Republic. Late 1980s and early 90s Soviet Union was undermined by nationalistic emotions between the peoples, and the South Ossetians reoriented towards a merger with North Ossetia, closer to Russia. The first hostilities against the background of Georgia's non-recognition of the independence of the Ossetians took place in early 1991, and then in 2003 also in Abkhazia, where a similar post-Soviet history. In 2008, after the intervention of the Russian army in the conflict, South Ossetia still remains a free unrecognized region.

Climate

The climate of South Ossetia is influenced by many factors, first of all, it is a high-mountain relief, the Main Caucasian Range protects this area from severe cold. In the south of the republic there is a steppe dry climate with hot summers and cool winters, summer temperature fluctuates around +22..+25 degrees, and in winter it stays around +1 degrees. As the elevation increases, summers become shorter and cooler, while winters become longer with abundant snow cover. In areas at an altitude of 2000-2200 m, the climate is moderately humid with temperatures of -1..-8 degrees in January and +13..+20 degrees in July. In the area at an altitude of 2200-3000 m, the climate becomes more humid, and the air temperature drops to -8..-14 degrees in January and +3..+5 degrees in July. In the highlands at an altitude of 3000-3600 m, the climate of glaciers and eternal snows reigns. Depending on the location and the purpose of the trip, it is necessary to choose the most suitable period for the trip.

How to get there

Republic as independent state recognized only a few UN member states, and the majority considers South Ossetia part of Georgia. The border with Georgia is closed, an attempt to pass through it is not recommended in order to avoid serious consequences, up to imprisonment. You can only get into the territory of South Ossetia from. There are no airports in South Ossetia, the nearest one is in the city of Vladikavkaz. Buses run from Vladikavkaz to Tskhinvali several times a day, you can take a taxi. Rail service is currently suspended. You can get to South Ossetia by car along the Transcaucasian highway from the territory of Russia.

Transport

To move within the country, you can use buses or taxis.

Cities and resorts

In the capital Tskhinvali there are very interesting sights, unique architectural monuments - a bicentennial church of saint george, Church of the Assumption of Our Lady, Kviratskhovelskaya church.

Those who prefer to combine a vacation with the opportunity to receive a course of medical wellness procedures should definitely visit at least one of the South Ossetian hydropathic clinics - "Bug", "Kodibyn", "Forest". In these balnearies, tourists will be accommodated in comfortable rooms, will have the opportunity to take baths with mineral water undergo preventive treatment. All this takes place among picturesque forests and mountain gorges, peace and quiet, away from noisy resorts and their endless bustle.

For hikers, it will be a great pleasure to travel through the picturesque Ksani gorge. Ksani gorge - magical place, which fills tourists with an inspiring feeling of strength and freedom thanks to the healing air and magnificent landscapes.

On the territory of South Ossetia there is a huge number of archaeological sites: cave sites, burial mounds, settlements of the legendary tsarciats, sites of ancient Kobants, etc. Basically, they are all located in the high mountain Dzau district, have good transport accessibility, are provided with accommodation for researchers.

Important for tourists when deciding to relax in one of the resorts of South Ossetia is a visa-free regime for crossing the border with the republic. In addition, the cost of recreation here is significantly lower than in the Crimea, Turkey and, especially, than in Europe. A nice addition is the absence language barrier because the local population is fluent in Russian. Rest in this area is comfortable, including due to the same time zone with the European part of Russia - Moscow time in South Ossetia.

Thanks to the South Ossetian resorts, you don’t have to travel to distant lands for exotic things, don’t look for balneological resorts where you have to adjust to a different time zone, and don’t incur huge expenses to go skiing from the mountain slopes. All this is available to tourists in hospitable South Ossetia.

Kitchen

Ossetian cuisine has traditionally developed under the influence of the ancestors of the Ossetians - the Alans, who led a nomadic lifestyle. The basis of the cuisine is boiled meat served in sour cream sauce, shish kebab is also popular, pies with various fillings are always present on every Ossetian table. Ossetian cheese and local beer are widely known.

shopping

Previously, there was an acute question: what to bring from South Ossetia? Since souvenirs were not sold here at all. Today in specialized stores you can buy a variety of products of a national character: dolls in national costumes, silver key rings with the image of Uastyrdzhi, wood and ceramics with Ossetian ornaments. There are more expensive memorabilia - paintings by Ossetian artists, richly decorated daggers and blades, jewelry. You can also purchase discs with recordings musical groups and more familiar souvenirs with Ossetian symbols: mugs, caps, T-shirts, plates, etc.

Precautionary measures

At present, there are no fears to move around South Ossetia, and it is also quite easy for Russia to enter its territory. Military installations should not be filmed so as not to arouse suspicion on the part of the Ossetians.

Weather and climate
North Ossetia is located in the subtropical climate zone, but powerful mountain ranges separate it from the southern regions and open it from the north. Despite this, year-round sunshine, constant thickness of snow cover in winter, comfortable summer temperature, variety of relief and rapidity of rapid mountain rivers contribute to the development of tourist and resort areas in the republic.

Documents, visas

On the territory of the region there is a border zone, entry into which is limited, as well as territories with regulated entry for foreign citizens.

The border zone includes a wide strip of mountains along the border up to 40 kilometers wide.

1. A permit to the border zone is issued within 15 business days (21 calendar days) for Russian citizens and up to 30 business days for foreign citizens.

2. Issuing a pass is free.

3. A pass is issued to visit the border zone in only one region of the Russian Federation (for the entire border zone of this region or for one district of the region), to enter the border zone of a neighboring region, you must already issue a pass at the FSB of the corresponding region. It happens that the border department of the FSB is one for two regions of the Russian Federation and issues passes for both regions.

4. A pass is issued to citizens of the Russian Federation for a period of up to 1 year, and if a citizen is registered in the region in which he wants to visit the border zone, then the period is increased to 3 years.

5. A pass for a citizen of the Russian Federation can be ordered not only by mail or at a personal appointment at the FSB, but also through the Internet portal Gosuslugi.ru (but in this case, the pass comes to the customer by mail). Foreign citizens order a pass only by mail, by e-mail or directly to the FSB.

6. Citizens of the Russian Federation can visit the border zone up to a 5-kilometer section from the state. borders without a pass, you just need to have an internal passport. But foreigners need a pass for the entire territory of the border zone. In some cases, engineering and technical structures on the border may be located more than 5 km from the border line, in which case citizens of the Russian Federation can go directly to these structures (fences with barbed wire, etc.) using their internal passport without a pass.

7. Citizens of the Russian Federation with a residence permit in any (!) point of the Kaliningrad region can visit the entire border zone of Russia without a pass - in any of its regions, including within a 5-kilometer strip

8. All citizens of the Russian Federation and Belarus can visit the entire border zone of the Russian Federation on the border with Belarus without a pass.

9. When traveling through the border zone in transit (for example, abroad through a checkpoint), it is allowed to travel by car (or walk), but, formally, only along the main road (that is, you cannot deviate from the highway). It is also allowed to make a stop on the road to use the services of the service (that is, refuel at a gas station, go to a store, stay at a hotel).

10. In the border zone, even with a pass, it is forbidden to be within a 100-meter strip from the border line on land, and if the border passes through the water, then you cannot be on the coast or on the water at night.

The full FSB order “On the Limits of the Border Zone” in the region can be found here:
http://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-FSB-Rossii-ot-03/02/2006-N-84/

The territories with regulated visits for foreigners include the whole of North Ossetia, with the exception of the Vladikavkaz (Beslan) airport. Vladikavkaz, Beslan, Alagir, Ardon, part of the territory of the Alagir and Iraf districts, bounded from the east by the Transcaucasian highway (road R-297) in the section Mizur - Nar and the Nar highway - Zekarsky pass, from the south and west - by the state border of the Russian Federation on the section from the Zekarsky pass to the Karaugom mountain and the Karaugom mountain line - the confluence point of the Fastag and Karaugom rivers, from the north - the confluence point of the Fastag and Karaugom rivers from the north - the height marked 3001.7 on the Tsakhfedor ridge - the bridge over the Dargonkom river in the village of Dunta and the Dunta highway - Kamunta - Upper Zgid - Transcaucasian highway).

It is allowed to transit on the roads Nazran - Beslan - Nalchik (motorway M-29), Upper Lars - Vladikavkaz (motorway A-301), Nizhny Zaramag - Alagir (motorway R-297), Alagir - Ardon - motorway M -29 (road R-298), along the roads connecting Vladikavkaz with the M-29 highway, along the road connecting Vladikavkaz Airport (Beslan) with the M-29 highway, as well as along railways Nazran - Beslan - Murtazovo, Vladikavkaz - Beslan, Alagir - Elkhotovo and Gudermes - Mozdok - Cool.