Why leaves turn yellow and fall off. Trees and shrubs in autumn

Already in the first days of September, the characteristic signs of the next season are clearly visible on the trees. They are carried by the imminent autumn. Leaf fall for each type of tree occurs at its own time.

Features of leaf fall

Watching the trees, you involuntarily begin to think, and when does the leaf fall of the linden, mountain ash, apple tree and other plants end? Leaf fall is an uneven phenomenon, its duration is estimated at several weeks. Multi-colored foliage is in no hurry to leave the crown. Colorful leaves seem to reluctantly leave the branches one by one.

Abundant fall of foliage occurs at the end of September and the beginning of October (until the first decade expires). Leaves caught by the third and subsequent frosts fall off en masse. Dense leaf fall covers the ground with a motley carpet.

The leaves, flying vertically, gently fall to the ground, covering it with a thick bedding that saves the rhizomes from freezing. Slanting rushing leaves play bright gusty wind, having circled enough, they find a safe haven.

The beginning of leaf fall

The crowns of lindens begin to blaze with autumn colors long before the arrival of the first frost. In the last days of August, single strands are visible among the branches, painted in grayish-yellow tones. The proportion of colored leaves increases daily, the color palette becomes more intense. A noticeable gilding creeps on the crowns of lindens. And after 14-20 days, the foliage begins to burn with gold.

By this time, birches put on an ocher-yellow outfit. Foliage is reddening. Ash crowns shine with pale honey tones. Oak leaves are filled with brown colors. In the lacy crowns of mountain ash, pink leaves shine. And the wild rose bushes flash with a wine-red color scheme.

By the time the leaves of the linden fall, and this happens not earlier than September 23, the crowns of other trees are already actively exposed. The first leaves of birches, aspens, maples and hazel fell off on September 14th. Intense leaf fall in lindens is noted after the first frost piercing the air, which usually happens on September 27th.

First, lindens lose their leaves from large branches located below. Then the foliage crumbles from the middle of the crown. Tops of lindens are exposed last. In elms, ash and hazel, on the contrary, the upper branches are first exposed.

End of leaf fall

By October 7, lindens lose their last leaves. At that moment, when the leaf fall near the linden ends, together with the alder, they did not even think about exposing their dense crowns. Their leaves do not change color, they remain green until the first fluffy snow. Their foliage, seized by a strong frost, instantly turns black. It is difficult for crispy frozen leaves to stay on the branches, they quickly crumble to the ground.

By the time the leaf fall of the linden ends, the elm and bird cherry are completely bare. Their leaf fall ends by September 24th. Aspens are ahead of lindens, their leaf fall comes to an end on October 5th. Birch, maple and hazel are in no hurry to part with foliage. A few leaves are kept on them until October 15.

Natural phenomena during linden leaf fall

The period of leaf fall of lindens is accompanied by the arrival of cold fronts and night frosts. Cumulus clouds displaces a continuous veil and a grayish haze. Flocks of birds flying south appear in the sky. After September 27, the cranes stretch across the sky in a slender shoal in a southerly direction.

And when the leaf fall near the linden ends, the half-naked crowns of other trees blaze with the brightest contrasting colors. Rooks, huddled in friendly flocks, fly away to warmer climes. Snow dust swirls in the air. Falling snowflakes do not yet fall to the ground, do not powder its surface. Puddles twitching thin ice. Skies of dirty grayish shades, devoid of clouds, turn into a gloomy rain film.

Sasha K. (Belogorsk)

In what period does the leaf fall of linden and birch begin and end?

With the onset of September, the trees gradually begin to change the summer emerald green color of the leaves to autumn yellow. A little more time will pass and all the golden foliage will rush to the ground. Watching nature, people often ask themselves the question - when does the leaf fall end for birch, linden, maple and other favorite yellowing trees? Let's try to answer this question.

When the leaves turn yellow

Foliage begins to change color long before the first frost. As a rule, this happens at the end of August, when the day has already noticeably decreased and it has become a little colder, and lasts for 14-20 days. At first, only single gray-yellow patches are visible on the branches, but day by day there are more and more of them.

By mid-September, birch leaves become ocher-gold and gradually begin to fall off. Maple branches are no less beautiful at this time. The crowns of the tree are covered with foliage of yellow, brick red, red and even purple hues. The foliage of the linden, which is only half yellowed, stands out noticeably.

The beginning of leaf fall

For many trees, leaf fall is uneven, that is, it happens in different time. For example, after the first severe frost, leaf fall begins in linden and maples. By this time, the birch had already dropped most of the leaves. Her leaf fall begins in the first decade of September and lasts 15-20 days.

Important! The beginning of leaf fall depends on the weather. Dry sunny weather and windless days delay the golden decoration of trees.

Leaf fall is especially abundant after the third frost. The leaves fall to the ground very densely, forming a thick bedding on the ground. Birch drops about 30 kg of leaves in autumn. In an adult linden and maple, this amount reaches 40-50 kg.

End of leaf fall

The end of leaf fall, as a rule, is accompanied by a significant cooling, worsening weather conditions, frequent rains and strong gusts of wind. By October 7-10, lindens and birches lose their last yellow leaves. Maples are exposed much later, only by October 20. Single leaves can be kept on the branches until mid-November, reminding passers-by of the past golden season.

Observations of nature during leaf fall

The period of active leaf fall is accompanied by a significant cooling and the arrival of night frosts. Summer white clouds are replaced by a solid gray veil. It is often foggy in the morning. The first flocks of migratory birds fly into the sky.

The end of leaf fall in lindens and maples is accompanied by gloomy rainy weather, frost on the still green grass and thin ice on the puddles. Rooks gather in flocks and fly south. Gradually the earth cools down and nature falls asleep.

Autumn leaf fall: video

Katerina, city of Voronezh

Tell me, when does the period of leaf fall end at the apple tree, as well as mountain ash?

Leaf fall is a seasonal phenomenon in the life of trees and shrubs, which is observed from early autumn. Getting rid of leaves before the onset of winter cold, trees regulate the process of moisture consumption, significantly reducing its need. The process of leaf fall different trees starts and ends at different times. This largely depends on weather conditions and the area where green spaces grow, as well as the types of trees and their age.

It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question when the time of leaf fall ends. It is noticed that first poplar leaves are lost, then oaks and mountain ash. Apple trees are slowly shedding their leaves, and even in winter on some trees, single leaves continue to flutter in the cold wind.

Trees at the time of leaf fall

Dropping leaves from trees serves another purpose - the crown under the snow cover has a significant weight. The branches of trees, especially young ones, are not able to withstand such a load. Fallen leaves can reduce the load on the skeletal branches of the tree, protecting the crown from damage.

Thanks to the process of photosynthesis, a large amount of harmful substances accumulate in the leaves by the beginning of autumn, which, with the onset of leaf fall, are removed along with fallen leaves.

The end of leaf fall in different tree species

Poplar
During the period of leaf fall, adult poplar trees lose a third of their leaves in the period from September 15 to 20, in the first ten days of October, up to 10% of foliage remains in the poplar crown. Completely lose poplar leaves by mid-October. Young poplars remain green longer than old trees, they turn yellow later and shed their leaves.

Oak
Oak leaves fall off in the first half of September, after about 30 days the trees completely lose their leaves. With early frosts, the timing of the end of leaf fall on oaks is reduced - trees quickly lose leaves at sub-zero temperatures. oak leaves immediately acquire a brown color, along with the leaves, ripe acorns fall from the tree.

Mountain ash in autumn: video

A common tree in Russia, it has beautiful curly leaves with five sharp ends. The tree is very picturesque, especially noticeable in autumn, when the foliage takes on many shades of golden and red. And when the leaves fall, it is so nice to collect bright autumn bouquets from them.

In this article we will talk about the maple itself, about its features and types, as well as about when the maple leaf fall begins and ends, on what conditions the timing of this depends. natural phenomenon.

Why does a tree need leaf fall?

With the onset of the first signs of a cold snap in the tree trunk, the delivery of nutrients through the stem vessels slows down. It is in the root system that these substances are stored, and each leaf of a tree is a small laboratory for their production. From the incoming water with minerals dissolved in it, under the action of photosynthesis (that is, with the help of sun rays) cells of a green leaf produce everything necessary for the life of a plant.

But now the sun and heat are getting smaller, the days are getting shorter, and the tree, as if realizing that winter will come soon with cloudy days and frosts, it is accepted to store the necessary substances at the root. During the preparation of the plant for winter dormancy, the leaves change color and fly around. This is how the fall begins.

special maple

Maple - in many ways unique tree. It is frost-resistant, one of the first to “wake up” in spring, and easily tolerate drought in summer. It is avoided by insect pests common to other trees, rodents and moose do not like young foliage and bark because of the bitter taste. That is why maple leaves often remain intact until autumn, without flaws and wormholes.

Mushroom lovers know that it is useless to look for them under this tree.

Bees actively fly to the flowering maple. They like to feast on winged maple seeds and squirrel flowers, field mice and some birds such as bullfinches and nuthatches. The seeds, by the way, only ripen late autumn when the maple ends falling leaves, and fall to the snow-covered ground.

Maples look great in parks and gardens - they have a light, thanks to long petioles, fluttering crown with curly leaves, beautiful wood color and bright autumn foliage colors.

From some types of maple (sugar, black, red, holly), when the trunk is cut in the spring, maple sap is obtained, which is then boiled down to syrup. Maple syrup has a special taste. It is often used as an additive to confectionery.

Maple types

Maple is widely distributed throughout the earth, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. There are 20 species of maples growing in Russia. The most famous of them are: holly (or plane-shaped), Tatar, white, field.

Holly has five leaf lobes. From three to five ends of a field maple leaf.

On the Far East there is a Japanese maple. He has seven-, nine-pointed leaves and a bizarre bend in the trunk. This species is listed in the Red Book.

Individual specimens of maples, for example, white maple, can reach a height of 40 meters, while the usual height of Norway maple is 28-30 meters. There are shrubby maples, in which individual trunks can be ten meters high.

Maple leaf fall dates

Maple, as mentioned above, easily tolerates cold. Active leaf drop begins after the first frost, and this is the average on September 27th. By this time everything Maple leaves are already painted in autumn colors.

In October, it is time for strong leaf fall for most trees. It is impossible to say exactly when the leaf fall of the maple ends, but usually by the middle or end of the month the tree loses its foliage.

It is clear that the average date is inaccurate. Because if you live in southern regions, the end of the leaf fall of the maple may shift for a month or more - and the leaf fall will end only by mid-November. But if in the north - on the contrary, the first frosts can descend in these parts even at the end of August.

Another time when the leaf fall of the maple ends depends on the particular winter. It happens that autumn is protracted, not cold, frosts come later than usual, and the leaf fall comes and ends later.

Much depends on the conditions in which the tree grows. For example, in open and flooded or wetlands, a tree loses leaves faster than in a dense forest.

It is interesting that trees growing near street lamps shed their leaves later - after all, the daylight hours for them are increased.

Also, the period of leaf shedding depends on the age of the plant. How younger tree, the later it loses leaves.

In order to know exactly what kind of “routine” plants and animals live in your area, you need to observe changes in wildlife. It's informative and interesting.

Leaf fall is a unique phenomenon in the life of trees and shrubs. To answer the question of when the leaf fall begins and ends in mountain ash, birch, aspen, maple or any other plant, several factors must be taken into account. The region of growth of trees and shrubs is very important, the species weather specific time of year and some other features. Leaf fall plays an important role not only in the life of specific plant species, but also in the whole of nature.

The value of leaf fall in nature

Thanks to him, trees and shrubs regulate the evaporation process and the level of moisture consumption. In the cold season, the root system cannot absorb from the soil the amount of liquid that would provide adequate plant nutrition. To avoid death in winter, trees are forced to shed their leaves. Since it is this part of the plants that requires the most water.

On branches freed from leaves, in winter there will not be much snow. Under its weight, the branches and trunk will not suffer. Fallen and shrubs, dead parts herbaceous plants are important elements in the process of soil formation. A large amount of toxic substances accumulate in the leaf plates of plants. Liberation from elements harmful to growth and development occurs when the leaves fall.
In mountain ash, birch, aspen, spruce, pine and any other plant, this phenomenon occurs in its own way. Phenological observations provide a wealth of material for studying the deciduous phenomenon.

When does autumn come in the life of a plant?

As you know, the year is divided into four seasons. According to the calendar for autumn, the period from September 1 to November 30 is allotted. I must say that the division is conditional, and in life these deadlines are never met.

This happens for the reason that the replacement periods for each species are set separately. For example, when the leaf fall of the mountain ash ends and it prepares for the conditions of survival in winter, by this time everyone has already completed their growth cycle, without having lived up to the calendar autumn.

in nature

The onset of autumn is marked by certain signs. They can be seen both in living and inanimate nature.

A decrease in the length of the day and a decrease in the average daily air temperature is one of the main indicators that affect the life of representatives of wildlife. Air temperature from plus 15 degrees with a gradual decrease to zero refers to autumn period. It is with such indicators that changes in the life of most plants begin to occur. So the average daily temperature regime indicate when leaf fall begins in mountain ash, birch, oak, aspen and other deciduous plants.

Folk omens

On the basis of centuries-old observations of nature, which are carried out by people, signs have been compiled. According to them, you can predict the nature of the upcoming season, the amount of harvest of vegetables, fruits, grain crops. I must say that the reliability of many signs is very high, and today scientists can explain and substantiate their essence. When the leaf fall of the mountain ash ends, bright red berries are very noticeable on its branches. One of the signs says that a rich harvest of mountain ash - to harsh winter. But the same fact also indicates that when the tree blossomed, there was Nice weather, and nothing prevented the bees from pollinating its flowers.
It is commonly believed among the people that when the leaf fall near the mountain ash, lilac ends, the pre-winter period begins. There are only a few days left before the onset of winter.

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