Description: War Thunder is a next generation military MMO game dedicated to...
porridge tree with white bark
Alternative descriptionsDeciduous tree.
City (since 1940) in Belarus, Brest Region, on the Yaselda River
Tree, symbol of Russia
Poem by S. Yesenin
Operetta of the Russian composer A. G. Novikov "Black ..."
medicinal plant
A tree that gives people juice, firewood and brooms
stood in the field
Tree supplying tar
A tree making noise in Russia somehow in a special way
. “a Russian beauty is standing in a clearing, in a green blouse, in a white sundress” (riddle)
. “green, not a meadow, white, not snow, curly, but without hair” (riddle)
white-trunked tree
The Tree That Saved Our Ancestors Until Paper Was Invented
Tree that gives juice
Covered with snow at Yesenin
Supplier of juice and tar
. "ear-bearing" tree
. "white ... under my window" (Yesenin)
Curly stood in the field
Russian national "analogue" of a palm tree
tree of the birch family
City in Belarus, in the Brest region
A tree that gives people juice, firewood and brooms
. "White ... under my window" (Yesenin)
. "Earring" tree
. "green, not a meadow, white, not snow, curly, but without hair" (riddle)
. "a Russian beauty is standing in a clearing, in a green blouse, in a white sundress" (riddle)
deciduous tree
tree with earrings
J. tree Betula, species white, alba, Kamch. presnets, or rather breznets, from the old. breza; very close to white species or species woolly birch, there is also a holly birch; She is from a gray family. A white birch is also called a veselka, and a woolly birch is also called a swamp, black, and deaf. Karelian birch, birch striate, blona, surfacing, burl, suave birch. black, Daurica. stone kamch. Ermani. bush, birch yernik, slate, slanka, fruticosa et papa. fluffy, pubescens. weeping, modification, simple breed. Birch, as an answer to a matchmaker, consent; pine, spruce, oak, refusal. Birch is not a threat: where it stands, it makes noise there. The birch of the mind gives, about the rods. God created a fool, created both a birch and a chilig, the same. If the birch is pubescent in advance, then wait for a dry summer, and if the alder is wet. The birch will diminish. young birch, also a species, b. undersized, humilis; birch dwarf, slate, slanka, papa. Rusten. Convolvulus, dodder, povoi, popok, loach, bindweed, bindweed; midwife, midwife, patron; plant Pyrola rotundifolla, hoof pick, blush, groin; minor, white. Petersburg, the birch turned into the common name of every deciduous tree, like a Christmas tree in the name of coniferous. On Semik, the girls curl a birch, custom and divination: they go into the forest, curl a birch with a wreath, make friends, baptize a cuckoo, sisters, exchanging crosses, and walk in a round dance around a birch dressed with ribbons, bringing it to the village. He was sent to count birches, exiled to Siberia, along the high road. Berezina one birch, one tree, standing or felled. Birch firewood. Feed someone with birch porridge, whip. For me, even a white birch to grow! don't care. Birch lip, sponge, birch bark. Boletus igniarius, genus of fungus, growth on old birch stumps, tinder. Mushroom birch m. edible, Boletus scaber et luteus; woodcock bird, see snipe. Bereznik, birch forest bonfire pure birch forest, grove; birch rubbish, brushwood, dry wood; hard. cellar mushroom. Birch, birch. vodka infused with birch buds, or distilled through them. birch, birch birch forest m. psk. birch sib. birch sap strained in spring, which, after fermenting, forms a sweetish drink. A drunken birch tree is hung with hops. Birch trees for a penny, and you will exhaust the forest for a ruble. Berezovka, a songbird, with a feather similar to a magpie and a long-tailed bird. Berezovnya arch. a tract overgrown with forest growth; this is a sign of a comfortable earth and the conversion of mokhovin into a transitional soil. Brezosol (berezozol) old. month of March or April
Operetta "Black..." by Russian composer A. G. Novikov
Russian national "analogue" of a palm tree
BIRCHDeciduous tree with white bark.
Proverbs
The birch is not a threat: where it stands, it makes noise there.
And tears flow from the birch when the bark is torn from it.
You will warm yourself with a birch, but you won’t get dressed.
Puzzles
Alena is standing - a green scarf, Not caring about the weather,
Thin camp, white sundress. He walks in a white sundress,
And on one of the warm days
May gives her earrings.
Poems.
White birch A little sun warmed the slopes
Under my window And it became warmer in the forest,
Birch covered with snow green braids
Exactly silver. Hung from thin branches.
On fluffy branches All dressed in a white dress,
Snowy border In earrings, in lace foliage
The tassels have blossomed Meets the hot summer
White fringe. She is at the edge of the forest.
And there is a birch. Her light outfit is wonderful,
In sleepy silence, there is no tree dearer to the heart,
And snowflakes are burning And so many thoughtful songs
In golden fire People sing about her!
And the dawn is lazy, He shares joy and tears with her,
Going around and she's so good
Sprinkles the branches What seems to be in the noise of the birch
New silver. There is our Russian soul!
(Yesenin S.A.) (Rozhdestvensky)
Text.
... A light-loving birch blossomed. Green leaves and yellow earrings appeared. A warm breeze blew, earrings swayed, dry greenish-yellow pollen rained down from them.
Good birch! Its branches fall down, sometimes to the very ground, and the mischievous wind plays with them: sorts through the branches, shakes them.
Birch leaves rustle in the wind. White-barreled beauties stand and delight everyone with their beauty.
^ SPARROW
A small bird with brownish-gray plumage, usually living near residential buildings.
Proverbs and sayings.
The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it.
An old bird is not caught with chaff.
A sparrow chirps at a cat.
Puzzles.
Chick-chirp! naughty boy
Jump to the grains! In a gray coat
Peck, don't be shy! Drifting around the yard
Who is it? Collects crumbs.
Poems.
In the field, a wolf - a she-wolf rides Jumps, a sparrow jumps,
On your bike. Calls of small children:
Today he overtook - Throw crumbs to a sparrow -
Sparrow and two crows. I'll sing you a song
Only the wind - the breeze Chick-chirp!
Couldn't overtake. Throw millet and barley -
(Sapgir) I will sing to you all day
Chick-chirp!
(Belarusian folk song)
What do you want sparrow?
I would like a handful of bran,
I would like wheat grains
Bread crusts ordinary.
(Polish folk song)
Text.
The sparrow perched on a birch branch. The cap is brown, there are two light stripes on the wings, and a white rim around the neck.
... Sparrows love to settle in families. So the danger is easier to notice, and sooner you will find food. During the spring and summer, they have two, or even three times, babies hatch from eggs. Small birds fly, chirp, destroy harmful insects, save plants and trees from pests.
^ CROW
A bird with black or gray plumage.
Proverbs and sayings.
Where the crow flies, there it looks.
The nightingale sings for a month, and the crow croaks all year round.
You can find the crow's house by croaking.
Burnt child dreads the fire.
The old raven does not croak in vain.
Do not be a crow a falcon.
Tongue Twisters.
The raven crow blew it..
Varvara guarded the chickens, and the crow stole.
Puzzles.
Coloring - grayish, thieving habit,
The hoarse screamer is a well-known person.
Who is she?
Text.
... The crow has keen eyes, it smells well and hears from afar how a cunning beast creeps up. The bird is very careful and attentive. As soon as the boy who threw stones at the crows goes out into the yard, they immediately fly away. Frightened crows are wary of a man with a gun, but do not pay attention to a man walking with a stick.
In autumn, crows fly south, and in spring they fly back to their native places. In their place, other crows fly from the northern places, where it is even colder. Only some old crows remain in their native forest throughout the year. Yes, many gossips do not fly south from the cities ...
… In winter it is cold and hungry. In severe frosts at night, the crows sit down, closely clinging to each other. The head is hidden under the wing and the plumage is fluffed ...
With the onset of spring, when the crows return to their native places again, they choose tall tree at the edge of the forest and begin to build a nest. The female and male work together, helping each other.
Time goes fast. Already in the nest there was a squeak. The chicks appeared. Parents feed the babies, caring for them.
A little more than a month passed, and the little ones began to fly. Young crows gather in flocks and fly away to the meadows and to the river for a day. There is always plenty of food. They return home only for the night.
^ Woodpecker
Forest climbing bird with a strong beak.
Puzzles.
I knock on wood, black vest,
I want to get a worm, Red Beret.
Though hidden under the bark - Nose, like an ax,
It will still be mine! Tail, like an emphasis.
Although I'm not a hammer - It knocks all the time,
I knock on a tree: Trees are hollowed out.
It has every corner, but it doesn't cripple them,
I want to explore. But only heals.
I walk in a red hat
And a great acrobat.
Patter.
Woodpecker sits on an oak tree
And it hollows in the oak.
Woodpecker chiseled a tree
Grandfather woke up with a knock.
Text.
The woodpecker hollows out the wood, heals the trees: it gets harmful insects and their larvae from under the bark and even from the depths of the tree. He has a very long tongue. Ten centimeters, or even fifteen. In addition, it is sticky, with hard notches. With this tongue, the woodpecker takes out insects: they all stick to it or prick into notches.
The woodpecker perched on a tree near a broken branch and began drumming with its beak. It turns out that this is how the woodpecker calls his girlfriend. For her, "plays" on a bitch. So he says that he is ready to build a house and help raise chicks. The woodpecker builds its nest in hollows. He hollows it out most often in rotten trees. The woodpecker's hollow is spacious, but apart from small chips that remain after construction, there is nothing there. Woodpeckers do not need blades of grass and various fluffs. Their babies have special thick corn pads on their paws. So they don't need padding. The pads will disappear when the kids grow up and fly out of the hollow.
Here is such an interesting doctor in a red cap lives in the forest.
^ HARE
A small shy animal of the rodent family, with long hind legs and large ears.
Proverbs and sayings.
If you chase two hares, you won't catch one.
A cowardly bunny and a stump - a wolf.
The hare is already gray - he has seen troubles.
The fox lives by cunning, and the hare by quickness.
The white hare is good, and the hunter is brave.
Puzzles.
What kind of forest animal is this Guess what kind of hat:
Did you stand up like a column under a pine tree? A whole bunch of fur.
And stands among the grass - The hat runs in the forest,
Ears are larger than the head. It gnaws bark at the trunks.
long ear,
fluff ball,
Jumping smartly
Loves carrots.
Poetry.
Poor, poor our Belyak,
He got into trouble again.
The branch crunched slightly,
Bunny thought it was a fox.
All trembling with fear
Our hare is a boyak!
Text.
Hares are born right on the ground, among the grass. The hare mother will feed them and run away. They are sitting alone. Foxes and wolves run past them, but they don't goo-goo. What courage one must have in order not to move and not to rush to their heels!
The milk of a hare mother is fatty and nutritious. A few days the hare is full. And then, you look, another hare will run past, and feed the hare again. It turns out that hares feed not only their bunnies, but everyone they meet.
STRAWBERRY
herbaceous plant family Rosaceae, with white flowers, producing fragrant fruits of pinkish-red color.
^
Folk omens.
Strawberries, viburnum, wild rose in bloom - to russula.
Puzzles.
I am a drop of summer on the stumps
On a thin stem Many thin stems.
Weaving for me Every thin stalk
Bodies and bows. Holds a scarlet light.
Who loves me, unbend the stems -
He is happy to bow. Collecting lights.
And gave me a name
Native land.
Alenka grows in the grass
In a red shirt.
Whoever passes,
Everyone bows down.
Text.
Strawberries most of all love sunny edges, light clearings and forest glades. Her favorite places will be prompted by anthills. Ants build their homes on dry lands and in weak sunshine, just where strawberries grow.
BELL
Herbaceous plant with purple or dark blue flowers that look like small bells.
Puzzles.
I lie - everything is silent,
Get up - I'll talk to everyone.
Oh, bells, blue color,
With a tongue, but no ringing.
Poems.
Bell blue
He bowed to you and me.
Bluebells - flowers
Very polite.
And you?
And what are you talking about
On the day of cheerful May,
Among the uncut grass
Shaking your head?
Text.
The bell rejoices at the fine morning, the sun, the summer.
The leaves on the long stem of the plant are carved. Flowers, similar to real small bells, look down. For this they are called bells.
Triangles are cut out along the edges of the flower, as if an elegant skirt is put on.
There is a bell, sways on the stem, greets the inhabitants of the forest and guests.
^ FOX
A predatory beast with a sharp muzzle and a long fluffy tail.
Proverbs and sayings.
An old fox is not poisoned by young dogs.
The fox is an old flatterer.
An old fox is not taught tricks.
The chanterelle always lives better than the wolf.
Puzzles.
Behind the trees, bushes Fluffy tail,
It flashed like a flame, golden fur,
Flashed, ran ... Lives in the forest,
There is no smoke or fire. He steals chickens in the village.
What a dangerous animal
Walks in a red coat,
The snow is shoveling
Are there enough mice?
Fable.
Fox and grapes.
The hungry fox saw a vine with hanging bunches and wanted to get to them, but could not. Walking away, she said to herself: “They are still green!”
So with people, others cannot succeed because there are no forces, but they blame circumstances for this.
Text.
... The fox rarely attacks domestic birds. She preys more on rodents. Voles, mice and gophers are her food. If a shrew gets caught, it will eat it. When she is completely hungry, she can attack a hare or a partridge. In summer, the fox will not refuse insects and berries.
LARCH
Coniferous tree of the pine family with soft needles falling for the winter and valuable wood.
^
Folk omens.
As long as the larch does not shed its needles, there will be no snow.
Puzzles.
A relative has a Christmas tree
non-thorny needles,
But unlike the tree
Those needles are falling off.
Like pines, like Christmas trees,
And in winter without needles.
Text.
Larch has flat needles that are soft and tender. As soon as the leaves begin to fall on all the trees, the larch turns yellow, and then remains without needles at all. That is probably why they called this beautiful and slender tree by that name.
It is green in summer and yellow in autumn. In winter, larch without needles is inconspicuous. In winter, its branches are strewn with short shoots - small tubercles, and there are also many elegant small cones on the branches.
In the spring, whole families of leaves will appear from under those same tubercles. Branches will be covered with bunches of green needles. And among them, soft smoky-raspberry scales of cones will light up in the sun.
^ FROG
Tailless amphibian with long hind legs adapted for jumping.
Folk omens.
The frog screams - it's time to sow.
If the frog croaked, there was already a thunderstorm.
Puzzles.
The hawker gallops, in the summer in the swamp
Not a mouth, but a trap. You will find it.
Fall into the trap of the Green Frog.
Both a mosquito and a fly. Who is it?
Doesn't walk,
Doesn't run
Only jumps.
Poems.
Whose screams are there by the pond?
Kvass, kvass us here!
Kva-kva-kvasu, curdled milk,
We are tired of water.
(Tokmakova)
Text.
Somewhere in the forest the snow has not yet melted. Slowly, barely jumping on the wet ground, just awakened from winter sleep common frog.
… In spring, frogs come out of swamps and ditches, where, buried in silt, they slept all winter. At this time, they lay eggs in puddles, ponds, lakes and swamps. Tadpoles are hatched from the eggs, and frogs will grow out of them, which will then become large frogs.
A little time will pass, and as soon as warm days come, the rumbling and gurgling of frogs will be heard from the water-filled puddles, ditches and swamps. These pop-eyed singers perform their first song to all the inhabitants of the forest.
The smell of the native pond.
It is known that the frog always strives to return to spawn in its native reservoir, where it was once born. Scientists have established that she finds him by smell. For the rest of his life, the frog retains in his memory the one and only aroma of his native reservoir.
^ RASPBERRY
Shrub berry plant.
Proverbs and sayings.
After the summer, they don’t go through raspberries.
Raspberries from seven ailments.
Puzzles.
Little Red Matryoshka,
White heart.
Red beads hang
They are looking at us from the bushes.
Love these beads
Children, birds and bears.
Patter.
Raspberries beckoned Marina and Mila,
Marina and Mila love the raspberries.
Text.
Raspberries are like large balls, which seem to be collected from small berries. The balls sit on a white cone and, when ripe, are easily removed from it.
Delicious ruddy berry so in the mouth and asks.
Raspberries are good for colds. You can pick berries and dry them, and brew tea with raspberries in winter, and remember summer with a kind word.
^ BEAR
A large predatory animal with long thick hair and short thick legs.
Proverbs and sayings.
Two bears do not live in the same den.
Whoever is afraid of a bear is also afraid of his tracks.
For a bear, winter is one night.
The bear stepped on his ear.
Puzzles.
In summer he walks without a road He sleeps in a den in winter
Near the pines and birches, Under the great pine,
And in winter he sleeps in a lair, And when spring comes,
Hides the nose from the cold. Wakes up from sleep.
Poetry.
The woodpecker can't sing, even the teddy bear
The woodpecker has no hearing, wants to fly to the stars
They say he is a bear And with the Big Dipper
Stepped on my ear. AT blue sky meet.
(Tatyanicheva) (Boyko)
Text.
... The bear looks clumsy, but in fact it is very mobile and agile: it can run fast, make big jumps, climb trees and swim. A bear runs faster uphill than on level ground, since its hind legs are longer than its front legs. The bear walks carefully through the forest, trying not to make noise. Walks slowly. Legs puts a little inside, clubfoot. For this, they called the bear a clubfoot ...
In January-February, two or three tiny cubs are born to a she-bear. Blind, naked, weak. Mom holds the babies on her belly in warm wool and warms with her hot breath. With the onset of heat, the cubs leave the den together with the she-bear.
… Summer, unfortunately, will pass quickly. By autumn, the bear stores fat and becomes fat. He arranges a lair for himself in a recess under a stump turned upside down with roots. And falls asleep.
Many believe that a bear in a den sucks its paw. He doesn't suck, he licks her. In winter, the soles of bears peel off old skin that has become rough over the summer. Young, tender skin itches and freezes. Here the bear licks the soles with a hot tongue and at the same time smacks his lips.
If the bear did not eat well in the summer, then little fat accumulates under his skin. In winter, he begins to walk, look for food for himself. Such vagabonds are called rods.
^ ANT
Stinging social insect living in large colonies.
Folk omens.
If the ants suddenly start moving to a dry place with solid ground, then this portends heavy rains.
If the ants are looking for shaded, wet hollows for housing, expect a drought.
Puzzles.
In a clearing near the trees We are forest dwellers,
The house is built from needles. Wise builders.
He is not visible behind the grass, From the needles of the whole artel
And it has a million residents. We build our house under the spruce.
In the forest near the stump there is bustle, running around.
The working people are busy all day.
Many masters
They cut down the hut without corners.
Text.
Ants work all from sunrise to sunset. And everyone has their own business. Workers get food and build an anthill. Soldiers protect the house from enemies. And the nannies take care of the larvae.
Every year the ant family grows, so the anthill must be increased. From above, it is composed of dry coniferous needles and twigs. It can be high, up to two meters. But there is also an underground part of the nest. Everything is there: bedrooms, closets, children's rooms, corridors. Everything you need for the life of a large ant family.
DANDELION
Herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family with yellow flowers and seeds on fluffy hairs.
^
Folk omens.
Before a bad weather, dandelions close up, hiding from the rain.
Puzzles.
There is one such flower, I am a fluffy ball,
Do not weave it into a wreath. I whiten in a clean field,
Blow on it lightly: A breeze blew,
There was a flower - and there is no flower. The stalk remains.
On a green fragile leg
The ball has grown by the track.
The breeze rustled
And dispelled this ball.
Poetry.
Golden and young, On a warm sunny day
Became gray within a week. Golden blossomed flower.
A day in two On a high thin leg
Bald head. Dandelion along the path.
I'll hide it in my pocket
Former dandelion.
wears a dandelion
Yellow sundress.
Grow up - dress up
In a white dress;
light, airy,
Obedient to the wind.
Text.
How much joy a dandelion brings in spring. Only here is the trouble: it blooms early in the morning, and in the afternoon it already folds into a dense bud.
It will shine with gold placers, a flower will be adorned, and then it will begin new life. After some time, you will no longer meet bright yellow heads in the clearing, now it is all dotted with gray transparent balls. Each ball contains many small seeds with light fluffy tufts - parachutes.
A fresh breeze blew on dry balls and carried away the white tufts. Where they land, a new flower will grow in the spring.
^ ASPEN
Deciduous tree with green-white smooth bark.
Proverbs and sayings.
Trembling like an aspen leaf.
Puzzles.
Nobody scares
And everything is trembling.
Poetry.
The aspen chills, On the aspen
Trembling in the wind, dewdrops
Freezes in the sun, sparkled
Freezing in the heat ... In the morning
Give the aspen with Mother of Pearl.
Coat and boots -
Gotta warm up
Poor donkey.
(Tokmakova)
Text.
Aspen leaves are attached to flexible flattened cuttings. Everyone looks at them and thinks they are about to come off. It is worth blowing a mischievous breeze, and the leaves-brothers will knock against each other.
Indeed, aspen leaves tremble all the time. Even when it seems that there is no wind at all.
Fall will pass, then winter. And the gentle spring sun will warm the greenish aspen trunk again. Shiny brown caps will fly around from the kidneys, and shaggy, like downy earrings, will begin to grow. And behind them again appear green trembling leaves.
CHAMOMILE
A herbaceous plant of the Compositae family with flowers in which the petals are usually white and the middle is yellow.
Puzzles.
I walked along the meadow along the path, White basket -
I saw the sun on a blade of grass. golden bottom,
But not hot at all
The sun's white rays. And the sun is shining.
Poems.
dressy dresses,
yellow brooches,
Not a speck
On pretty clothes.
So funny
These daisies
Here they are playing
Like children, in tags.
(Serova)
Text.
The white petals of chamomile seemed to join hands and led a round dance around the yellow sun. The sun, collected from small, small flowers. Yes, yes, from the most real flowers, which, when the chamomile fades, will give many seeds of this beautiful plant.
^ ROWAN
Deciduous tree or shrub of the Rosaceae family with bitter orange-red fruits collected in a brush.
Puzzles.
Turned green in spring, Autumn came to us in the garden,
In the summer she tanned, she lit the red torch.
In autumn I put on thrushes here, starlings scurry about
Red corals. And, noisily, they peck at him.
Bitter in the hayfield
And sweet in the cold.
What is a berry?
Poems.
Red berry
The rowan gave me. Burning in the sun
I thought it was sweet, Ripples from mountain ash
And she is like a chin. In the eyes of the guys.
Is this berry
Just immature.
Is it a sly mountain ash
Want to play a joke?
(Tokmakova)
Text.
Rowan saves many birds from starvation. Its red clusters among the snow-covered trees are visible from afar.
But mountain ash is beautiful not only in winter. Carved leaves, fragrant flowers in spring, and bright berries in autumn decorate the forest, make it festive and elegant.
Bullfinches flew away, and crushed berries remained under the tree. Like red buttons, they are visible on white snow.
^ TITS
A small motley bird of the passerine order.
Proverbs and sayings.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
The tit sang - it tells fortunes warmly.
Puzzles.
Greenish back,
yellowish belly,
little black cap
And a strip of scarf.
Poems.
Very chilly bird
Little tit.
I brought her home
Hiding from the frost
And she sings in winter
Me and all the guys.
(Goncharov)
Text.
In summer, the titmouse feeds on insects, which are abundant at this time of the year. And in winter, tits have a hard time. Some seeds of plants can be found, but near the woodpecker it is possible to profit from wintering insects or larvae when it tears the bark from the tree.
well-fed bird and hard frost not very scary. Well, when a titmouse is hungry, then even a little frost can destroy it. So birds fly closer to humans to feed themselves. They are not afraid of the titmouse of a person and are grateful to him for his kindness.
Here comes the long-awaited warmth. Already in early spring, tits begin to look for a place for their future nest.
Tits are birds with many children. They lay ten or even fourteen eggs. As soon as the chicks are born, the parents go astray. Three hundred or four hundred times from dawn to dusk they come to feed the cubs.
After twenty days, the fledglings leave the nest, sit on the branches and squeak plaintively. They are big, but they still do not know how to find food for themselves. And caring parents continue to feed them for the first time. The chicks will get stronger, learn to fly and begin to forage on their own.
Mom and dad will not have time to rest, as they have a new concern. Tits hatch chicks twice a summer. Eggs are laid in the nest again. And again, the parents feed the titmouse, protect them from danger, and keep them warm.
^ SNOWGIR
A small songbird of the finches family, gray, with a red breast.
Puzzles.
Red-breasted, black-winged,
Likes to peck grains,
With the first snow on the mountain ash
He will appear again.
^ Poems.
Apples on the branches in winter!
Collect them quickly!
And suddenly the apples fluttered
After all, these are bullfinches!
Text.
In winter, bullfinches are very noticeable on the white snow that has fallen. Red breasts of males are visible from afar. In winter, bullfinches eat rowan and elderberries in the forest.
Bullfinches fly interestingly. Their flight is beautiful, reminiscent of waves. The bullfinches sitting on the branches look like red lanterns that adorned the birch and made it very elegant.
Unlike many birds, not only males, but also females sing in bullfinches. True, the song of the female, unlike the male, is similar to a creak. The plumage of females is more modest. The apron on their chest is not red, but brown. All females have a short thick beak and a black cap.
Bullfinches hold on to mountain ash, viburnum bushes, pick off berries and peck at seeds. The fruit pulp is discarded. Extract seeds from spruce and pine cones bullfinches can't. Only those seeds that are dropped on the ground remain to their share. Birds constantly call to one another with a melodious whistle.
^ FORTY
A bird of the crow family, with white feathers in its wings, emitting a characteristic cry - chirring.
Proverbs and sayings.
Magpie on the tail brought the news.
Magpie does not chirp for no reason.
Magpie chirps - prophesies guests.
Magpie does not nest in an open place.
The magpie will say to the crow, the crow to the crow, and the raven to the whole city.
Between the crows and the magpie croaks like a crow.
Forty bite once - look around ten times.
Puzzles.
Fidget motley, White as snow,
Long-tailed bird, black as a beetle,
The bird is talkative, spinning like a demon,
The most chatty. Turned around and into the woods.
Poetry.
It crackled from the very morning: Vereshchunya, white-sided
Por-r-ra! Por-r-ra! And her name is forty.
What's the time?
Such a mess with her
When the magpie crackles.
Text.
.. It turns out that in the dense thickets the magpie was finishing building its nest. Outside, the house was made of thick rods, and inside of thinner rods. They were intertwined with blades of grass and held together with clay. The bottom in the magpie's nest was also smeared with clay. She got inside the nest a solid deep bowl - a bed for eggs, which the hostess sent away with moss, soft grass and wool. From above and from the sides, the nest was covered with thorny twigs, which served as a reliable roof. If you look at the nest from the outside, it looks like a ball, on one side of which an entrance is made.
^ TETEREV
A large bird of the chick order.
Folk omens.
The black grouse flows in early spring - the cold will last a long time.
Black grouse sit on the tops of trees - to clear weather.
Patter.
The black grouse sat in Terenty's cage,
And a black grouse with grouse in the forest on a branch.
Text.
Black grouse live in the undergrowth. They love berries and dry places.
The plumage of the bird is black, with a metallic sheen. Only under the tail are white feathers and white stripes are visible on the wings. Above the eyes are bright red eyebrows. The tail resembles a musical instrument - a lyre. And the extreme feathers on it seem to be curved for two months. Because of such a tail, similar to the scythes with which the grass is mowed, the black grouse is sometimes called the scythe.
The female, red-brown grouse, with dark spots. When chicks appear in the grouse family, they will be the same color as their mother.
Spring, April, and black grouse lek. There are a lot of black grouses on one current, ten, two, and maybe more. Some selflessly mutter, bending their necks to the ground and spreading their tails. Others call out, jump up and down and flap their wings. Others, converging in oncoming jumps, collide with their chests. Eyebrows swollen with blood redden on black bird heads, white undertails sparkle in the slanting rays of the sun. In general, the current is in full swing.
Where are the chicks? Brown, dim, inconspicuous, they leisurely walk about thirty meters. They will stand, they will go lazily again. Modestly and as if indifferently they walk. They peck at something on the ground. This is an encouragement to singers - like our applause. Noticing the peck-applause, the black grouse show more recklessly.
In such cases, spring passes. In mid-May, grouse sit on nests - small holes in the ground among bushes or tall grass.
The cubs will hatch - only their mothers take care of them. They are devoted to their children and selflessly take enemies away from them, pretending to be wounded: they flutter along the ground, as if they cannot take off, fluttering as if with exhausted wings.
BIRD BIRD
A tree or shrub of the Rosaceae family with white fragrant flowers collected in racemes, as well as black, tart-tasting berries of this tree.
Signs.
Bird cherry bloomed early - it will be a warm summer.
When the bird cherry has a lot of color, the summer will be wet.
Puzzles.
As if snowball white,
It bloomed in spring
It exuded a delicate scent.
And when the time has come
She became at once
All from the berry is black.
Poems.
Fragrant bird cherry
Bloomed with spring
And golden branches
What curls curled.
Honey dew all around
Slips down the bark
Spicy greens underneath
Shines in silver.
And next to the thawed patch,
In the grass, between the roots,
Runs, flows small
Silver stream.
Fragrant bird cherry,
Hanging out stands
And the green is golden
Burning in the sun.
Brook with a thundering wave
All branches are covered
And insinuatingly under the steep
She sings songs.
(Yesenin)
Text
As scientists have found out, the aroma of bird cherry kills microbes. So to make drinking not too clean water, it is enough to throw a blossoming brush of bird cherry into it. But it is better not to put bird cherry bouquets in the rooms: your head may ache. And the astringent bird cherry berries help with indigestion.
^ BLUEBERRY
Shrub of the lingonberry family with round black and blue sweet berries.
Folk omens.
If the blueberries ripen, then the rye also ripens.
Blueberries ripen around to mosquito songs.
Puzzles.
Chernenka,
small,
sweetie,
The boys are cute.
Text.
Blueberries usually grow among coniferous trees. A small berry bush stores moisture for the tree. And the trees with their shade protect blueberries from the scorching sun.
Here is the blueberry. Low ribbed stems with light green leaves. Small teeth are visible along their edges. Blueberry leaves are located mainly on the tops of branches ...
Blueberries grow for a long time, almost a hundred years. And the blueberry itself is updated all the time. New, young bushes of this berry are constantly appearing.
Blueberries are not only tasty and healthy, but also used as a dye. In the old days, they dyed linen and wool red and purple. And now they add it to food when they want to give them such a color.
^ LIZARD
A small reptile with an elongated body and long tail and small head.
Puzzles.
She is like a snake.
Flickers in the grass
Tail wagging.
The tail will break off -
The other will live.
Runs among the stones
Don't run after her.
Grabbed by the tail, but - ah!
She ran away, and the tail is in her hands.
Text.
How lizards shed their tails.
The ability of lizards to drop their tail in case of danger is well known. This does not mean at all that the tail of the lizard is somehow loosely attached and can be easily torn off. If you do not hurt the lizard, it is quite possible to pick it up by holding it by the tail. But, feeling the pain in the tail from the biting teeth of the predator, the lizard itself breaks the vertebra by contraction of the muscles. Only a twitching tail remains in the teeth of the enemy. It can twitch up to half a day and is often brightly colored to distract attention.
Later, the lizard will grow new tail, but already without vertebrae - only with cartilage. If, after several attacks of predators, the tail still did not come off to the end, over time the lizard can grow a second, third and even fourth tail.
Lizards are not cowards at all, giving their tail to their enemy in a panic. Many of them can fight quite bravely. There is a known case when lizard hissed bravely and, with her mouth open, rushed at the cat that attacked her.
LITERATURE
Alekseev V.A. 300 questions and answers about animals.
Bannikov A.G. We must save them.
Besova M.A. Ecological holidays.
Elkina N.V., Tarabarina T.I. A thousand riddles.
Zimin V.I., Ashurova S.D. Russian proverbs and sayings.
Zotov V.V. Forest mosaic.
Ivanova E.I. Noah's Ark (Legends, fairy tales, poems and stories about animals of peoples and writers of the world).
Nadezhdina N.L. Every blade of grass is a brother.
Naimushina L.I. Traveling around Baikal ... (entertaining material for children and their parents).
Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Dictionary Russian language.
Anthology on children's literature. Compiled by: Tabenkina A.L., Bogolyubskaya M.K.
Encyclopedia for children "Biology" Editor and compiler Maysuryan A.G.
Russian expanses are characterized by oak and beech forests. For example, the terraces of Tisza, Borzhava and Latoritsa are characterized by oak-ash floodplain forests (Querceto roboris-Fraxinetum). These forests are affected by the level of groundwater. But the southern territories are covered with oak forests with the participation of southern European oak species.
In addition, oak forests are also common in the uplands. And in several of these forest areas ranging from tens to hundreds of hectares, hornbeam-oak forests (Carpineto-Quercetum roboris) can be recognized. Due to the influence of agriculture, the number of oak stands has been significantly reduced. An extremely strong change in the germination conditions of most of the remaining oak forests, due to drainage and other land reclamation measures, as well as grazing, leads to their mass drying.
And the optimal conditions for the growth of beech are the altitudinal zone from 350 to 1450 meters above sea level. They're so clean, having a poor lower tier(undergrowth), and they are called "Fagetum pauper" or "Fagetum nudum". In the grass cover, anemone oak (Anemone nemorosa), female ferns (Athyrium filixfemina) and Austrian shieldwort (D. austriaca), oxalis (Oxalis acetosella) and blackberry rough (Rubus hirtus) are common. Also characterized by high closeness; timber stock - from 400 to 650 m?/ha. Along with them, there are many transitional options up to mixed forests. In the warm lower belts, sessile oak appears as an admixture due to the reduced competitiveness of beech. (Querceto petraeae-Fagetum). Within the beech belt itself, on open limestone massifs or outcrops, depending on the proportion of fine-grained soil, linden is attracted to it.
In addition, the cooling upper belts contribute to the formation of beech stands mixed with fir and spruce. They are even richer than pure ponds. Some photos reach up to 1200 m?/ha. These types of forests are also highly resistant to windbreaks and snowfall. For a long time, beech stands were out of the sphere of economic interest. Large, interconnected massifs belonged to large landowners and were used by them only for private hunting. Only from the beginning of the 19th century did the time come for their large-scale felling, followed by reforestation with spruce.
White acacia
(genus "robinia")
White acacia is often called by its real name - Robinia pseudoacacia. This tree grows 22-27 (33) meters high and up to 120 cm in diameter, lives 220-250 (350) years. The crown is openwork, spreading, rounded, short, sometimes with several separate tiers of branches. The trunk in plantations is relatively straight, highly debranched, but in the wild it is strongly curved and strongly branched. The bark of the trunk is grayish-brown with dark, thick, in old age with deep cracks. The leaves are alternate, compound, pinnate, 12-25 cm long, with 7-19 opposite elliptical leaflets. The flowers are predominantly white, fragrant, collected in multi-flowered drooping racemes 10-20 cm long. It blooms after the leaves bloom, profusely and annually (within 2 weeks). The fruit is a flat, bare, dark brown bean 5-12 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide. Seeds (5-15 pieces) ripen in August. The breed is photophilous, thermophilic and heat-resistant. And also fast growing. Acacia is a good honey plant. And thanks to unpretentiousness to soil conditions and the ability to give root shoots, is highly valued in forest reclamation.
birch fluffy
(genus "birch")
Its second name is white. The tree is 17-22 (25) m high and 50-60 cm in diameter. Lives 100-120 years. The crown is elongated-ovoid, of medium density. Thin branches of the first order depart from the trunk almost at a right angle, the shoots do not hang down. The trunk is straight, covered with white bark to the very base. Leaves are 4-6 cm long and 3-5 cm wide, ovate or oval-rhombic with a rounded base, obtusely pointed. Young leaves are fragrant. The fluffy birch is not indifferent to light, therefore it often grows in the 2nd tier of pine and spruce forests. It is very demanding on soil moisture - it does not grow on dry soils. Extremely frost-resistant, so this birch can be seen even in the forest-tundra.
Forest beech
(genus "beech")
The tree is 25-45 m high and 80-100 (160) cm in diameter. It lives 450-500 years. The trunk is straight (sometimes saber-curved from below), full-wood. In young trees, the crown is narrowly conical, pointed, and in old trees it is irregular in shape. Longitudinal shoots are bare, thin and yellowish-brown. The needles are 1-4 cm long and 1.5 mm wide, light green, with a sharp yellowish tip. Needles appear in March-April, turn yellow and fall off in autumn. Propagated by seeds. Fruits in 15-20 years and repeats every 3-5 years. Very light-loving breed. Relatively frost-resistant and winter-hardy. Windproof, tolerates air pollution well, is not demanding on moisture and soil.
Black alder
(genus "beech")
Alder black is also called sticky. It is a deciduous tree 25-30 (35) m high and 60-70 cm in diameter. It lives 100-150 (300) years. The crown in youth is dense, cylindrical, and later ovoid or rounded, of medium density. The bark on young trees is smooth, dark gray or greenish gray, and later dark brown, with shallow cracks. The leaves are simple, alternate, obovate, obtuse or blunt-pointed. The length of the leaves is 4-9 cm, and the width is 3-7 cm. The leaves are dark green above and light green below. The fruits are placed in dark brown cones up to 2 cm long, which open at the end of winter. Blooms before the leaves open. This breed is frost-resistant and winter-hardy. But demanding on soil fertility. There is a fast growing breed especially in the first 15-20 years.
common hornbeam
(genus "hornbeam")
The tree is 20-25 (30) m high and 60-70 cm in diameter. It lives up to 150-200 (350) years. The crown of the tree is spreading in space, up to 25 meters in diameter, but in plantations it is more compact, long and dense. The trunk is ribbed, often curved. The bark is thin, in young trees silver-gray, smooth, in old trees - dark gray, fissured. The leaves are simple, alternate, oblong-oval or ovate, round or slightly unequal-heart-shaped at the base, doubly dentate at the edges, distinctly marked nerve of 910-15 pairs of veins. The length of the sheet is 5-15 cm, and the width is 3-5 cm. The leaves are dark green above, bare, light green below, slightly lowered along the veins. The common hornbeam blooms in April. And the seeds ripen in September. The fruit is a nutlet up to 9 mm long, flattened, oval, with longitudinal ribs. The breed is generally mild oceanic climate, relatively thermophilic. And demanding on soil fertility. Tolerates drought and even temporary flooding. The root system is predominantly superficial, widely procumbent with anchor roots, making the breed wind-resistant.
Common oak
(genus "oak")
Tree 30-36 (40) meters high and up to 1.5 m in diameter. Lives 400-500 (1500) years. The crown is highly developed, large branched. In youth, obovate or round, in the old - obovate-hip-shaped. trunk in young age often twisted, in the old well formed. The bark is smooth, shiny, olive-brown in youth and thick (up to 10 cm), deeply fissured, brown-gray or gray in old age. The leaves are simple, alternate, and at the ends of the shoots are collected in bunches, oblong-obovate, 3-7 rounded-lobed, dark green above, shiny, light green below. Acorns oblong, oval. Brown, shiny, on long petioles, 2-3 pieces. Blooms along with the leaves. Productivity is 0.7-2.0 tons / ha. It is well restored by seeds and sprouts from stumps (up to 80-100 years). The root system is taproot, deep (up to 12-15 meters, and sometimes up to 22 m), with strongly developed lateral and anchor roots. Common oak as a forest-forming and forest reclamation species. Forms predominantly mixed stands. Widely used in field-protective afforestation.
northern oak
(genus "oak")
Tree 30-35 meters high and 1.3-1.4 m in diameter. Lives up to 400 years. The crown can be narrow and wide (depending on the planting density). The branches extend from the trunk at almost a right angle. The trunk is straight, highly delimbed. The bark is thin, light gray or dark brown, for a long time smooth, and on old trees in the lower part it has a thickness of 5-7 cm, shallow-fissured, dark brown. Shoots are shiny, as if varnished, red-brown. The leaves are simple, alternate, with 7-11 pointed lobes. Acorns ovoid or almost spherical, up to 3 cm long, with a sharp top, light brown, shiny. As in other types of oak, wines also sit in a cup. Northern oak is moderately demanding in light, but requires an open top. He is a fast growing breed.
Rock Oak
(genus "oak")
A tree 28-35 meters high with a diameter of up to 1 meter. Lives 400-500 years. The crown at a young age is correct, ovoid, with uniformly placed branches and leaves. Trunks in plantations are slender, highly debranched and well pronounced towards the top. The bark is light gray or gray to dark, relatively thick (5-7 cm) and soft, and deeply fissured below. Run naked. Leaves up to 12 cm long and 4-8 cm wide, simple alternate, oblong-obovate, dark green above, shiny, light green below, occasionally covered with hairs. The fruits are acorns, ovoid, 1.5-3.5 cm long, and up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The silvicultural value is similar to that of ordinary oak.
Maple white
(genus "oak")
The tree is 30-37 m high and 90-110 cm thick. It lives 150-200 years. The crown is of medium density, broadly ovoid or tent-shaped, highly raised along the trunk. The trunk is well formed, straight, but at the base, in most cases, saber-shaped curved. The bark is grayish-brown, thin, smooth when young, thick and fissured when old. The leaves are deeply heart-shaped at the base. On the upper side they are dark green, dull and bare, and below they are whitish-green or bluish-green, mostly hairy. It blooms after the leaves open, the flowers are yellow-green, in dense multi-flowered racemes. The fruits are naked lionfish with a spherical seed nest. The wings diverge at an angle of 45-40 degrees and are about 5 cm long. The root system is not deep (up to 1.5 m), without a taproot, compact, branched in the upper soil layer.
Norway maple
(genus "maple")
A tree 25-28 m high and up to 1 meter in diameter. Lives up to 200 (400) years. The crown is dense, wide and low lowered. The leaves are cross-opposite, 6-18 cm long and 8-20 cm wide, heart-shaped and glabrous at the base. Blooms in late April with the leaves blooming. The flowers are collected in corymbose inflorescences, greenish-yellow, melliferous. The root system consists of a shallow tap root and large lateral superficial ones. The breed is shade-loving, frost-resistant, demanding on moisture and soil fertility, cold-resistant, but in harsh winters gives frost cracks.
Aspen
(genus "birch")
Aspen is called trembling poplar. The tree is 25-30 (35) m high and up to 1.3 m in diameter. It lives 90-120 (120) years. The crown is openwork, first ovoid, and then rounded, irregularly shaped, short and with thick branches. The trunk in plantations is straight, cylindrical, highly delimbed. The leaves are simple, alternate, rounded to oval. They are dense, naked, dark green above with yellowish-white veins, bluish below. Aspen flowers in early spring before the leaves open. The fruit is a capsule, ripens in May. Seeds with tufts of hairs. The root system is very branched (up to 20-30 m), pivotal and not deep (up to 1 m). The breed is photophilous, not whimsical to heat and soil, frost-resistant. The breed is fast growing.
Ash
(genus "ash")
The tree is 30-40 m high and up to 120-150 cm in diameter. It lives 300-400 years. The crown in dense plantations is poorly developed, short, narrow and openwork, long, wide. The trunk is straight, highly debranched, with a well-defined apex. The bark in youth is thin, smooth, in old trees it is gray or dark gray to brown, 8 cm thick. The leaves are compound, pinnate, up to 20 cm long, consists of 7-15 almost sessile or oblong-elliptical leaflets. The fruits are oblong yellow-brown achenes, 4-5 cm long, slightly expanded towards the apex, sometimes with a notch at the apex. The seeds at the base of the lionfish are narrowed towards the base. The root system is shallow (up to 2 m), but highly developed and branched, greatly dries up the soil. The breed is demanding on fertility and soil moisture. thermophilic.
Perhaps no country in the world is as rich in forests as Russia. Legends are made about the trees of the forest, poems and songs are dedicated to them. Forest trees and shrubs are the "lungs" of our planet, thanks to the endless forest expanses, the air is saturated with oxygen, and harmful carbon dioxide impurities are actively absorbed from the atmosphere.
Below you will find out which trees are often found in forests. middle lane Russia, and you can see in the photos how they look.
Trees growing in the forest: pine, spruce and larch
Such names of Russian trees as pine, spruce and are familiar even to preschoolers, they are one of the most common in our country.
forest tree Scotch pine (Pinus silvestris L.) distributed in the European part of Russia, in the Urals, in Siberia, as well as in other regions.
Pine reaches 20-40 meters in height. Trees have slender trunks covered with red-brown bark. The crown of young trees is cone-shaped, while that of old trees is wide and rounded.
Trees growing in the forest have a high crown, while those growing in open places have a low crown.
In medicine, unopened spring buds of pine, needles, resin are used. They contain essential oil, resins, starch, tannins, vitamins. Pine oil has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, general stimulating properties.
Norway spruce(Picea abies Karst) distributed almost throughout Russia. Forest breed.
Spruce reaches 30-35 m, there are trees 50 m high and up to 1 m in diameter. Spruce grows all its life, the maximum age of spruce is 300 years.
This evergreen forest conifer tree with a shallow root system.
Shade-tolerant, dense forest the crown is preserved in the upper part of the tree, and in trees growing in open places, the crown starts from the ground itself.
European larch(Larix decidua) common in Siberia and Far East Russia.
Larch grows up to 50 m in height and up to 1 m in diameter. Lives 300-400 years.
This type of forest tree has a cone-shaped crown. The root system is deep. Does not tolerate waterlogging.
The needles are annual, soft. Flattened, bright green, located on elongated shoots in a spiral, and on short ones - in bunches.
Cones are egg-shaped, 1.5-3.5 cm long, ripen in autumn in the year of flowering. Mature cones open either immediately, or - having overwintered - in early spring. Seeds are small, ovoid, with tightly attached wings. Fruiting begins at the age of about 15 years.
Larch wood is elastic, durable, resinous, very resistant to decay.
What trees grow in the forest: fir, cedar and juniper
The following photos and names of Russian trees, which are not inferior in importance to pine, spruce and larch, are fir, cedar and.
fir(abies) distributed in the European part of Russia, in Siberia, in the Caucasus.
Tree 40-50 m in height, trunk diameter about 1 m. Lives 500-700 years.
The crown is pyramidal. The bark is light gray, sometimes with a reddish tint.
The needles are flat, located in two rows, comb. The upper side is dark green, the lower side is with white stripes.
Fruits for 25-30 years.
Siberian cedar(Pinus sibirica)- evergreen tree 30-44 m in height, trunk diameter about 1.5 m. Lives up to 500 years.
The crown is multi-apex, dense.
The needles are dark green with a bluish bloom, 6-14 cm long, soft, triangular in section, growing in bunches, five needles in a bunch.
Mature cones are large, elongated, egg-shaped, first purple and then brown, 5-8 cm wide, up to 13 cm long.
Each cone of this forest tree species contains from 30 to 150 seeds - cedar "nuts".
Common juniper (Juniperus communis) found almost throughout Russia.
Evergreen coniferous multi-stemmed tree or shrub 2-6 m in height.
The crown is multi-apex, dense.
The needles are sharp-needled, located in whorls of three needles, which are pressed against the shoot and stick out to the sides.
"Fruits" of juniper, cones, green at first, in the second year blue-black with a bluish bloom and resinous pulp.
Cones are used in cooking as a seasoning and for the production of tinctures. Pine needles and cone berries are used for smoking fish and meat.
Trees in the forests of central Russia with photos and names: oak, birch and linden
Of course, everyone knows such names of trees in central Russia as oak, birch and linden.
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) reaches a height of 20-40 m. It can live up to 2000 years, but usually lives 300-400 years.
The name of such a tree in Russia as common birch (Betula pubescens), is strongly associated with our country. Birch grows throughout the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the mountains of the Caucasus, is one of the symbols of the state.
Reaches 25-30 m in height and up to 80 cm in diameter. The bark of young trees is brownish-brown, and from 8-10 years it turns white. Lives up to 120 years.
The root system of birch is highly developed, but does not penetrate deep into the soil.
Leaves ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3.5-7 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide.
The tree is monoecious, but the catkins are dioecious. Fruiting catkins 2.5-3 cm long, on pubescent legs, seed scales 3-5 mm wide, ciliated along the edge.
Leaves and buds are used in folk medicine.
Linden heart-shaped, or small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata) distributed in the European part of Russia, especially in the Urals.
20-38 m tall with a tent-shaped crown.
The bark is dark, furrowed on older trees.
The leaves are alternate, heart-shaped, long-petiolate, serrated, green above, bluish below.
The flowers are regular, bisexual, with a double five-parted perianth, up to 1-1.5 cm in diameter, yellowish-white, odorous, collected in drooping corymbose inflorescences of 3-11 pieces. Blooms from early July 10-15 days.
The fruits of this tree of the forests of Russia are spherical, pubescent, thin-walled, one- or two-seeded nuts. The fruits ripen in August - September.
Linden blossom is used as a flavoring agent in perfumery, in the production of cognacs and liqueurs, and as a substitute for tea.
Honey plant. Linden honey has long been considered the best in terms of taste and healing qualities.
What trees are found in the forest: aspen, maple, elm and beech
The following photos and names of central Russia, which are not inferior to the rest in their significance, are aspen, maple and beech.
Common aspen, or trembling poplar (Populus tremula) widely distributed in temperate and cold regions of Europe and Asia.
Aspen has a columnar trunk, up to 35 m in height and up to 1 m in diameter.
Lives 80-90, rarely up to 150 years.
The bark of young trees is smooth, light green or greenish-gray, cracking and darkening with age.
The leaves are rounded or rhombic, 3-7 cm long, sharp or obtuse at the apex, with a rounded base, crenate margins, pinnate venation.
The fruit is a very small capsule.
Bees collect pollen from aspen flowers in April, and glue from blossoming buds, which is processed into propolis.
Aspen is credited with the ability to drive away evil spirits.
Norway maple, or sycamore maple (Acer platanoides)- deciduous tree 12-28 m high with a dense spherical crown.
The bark of young trees is smooth, gray-brown, darkens and cracks with age.
The leaves are simple, palm-shaped, opposite, with 5-7 serrated, coarsely serrated lobes, pointed at the ends of the lobes, glabrous, up to 18 cm in length.
Elm, or elm (Ulmus)- Predominantly deciduous plant. The height reaches 40 m with a trunk diameter of 2 m, some species grow as a shrub. The crown is wide-cylindrical with a rounded top to compact-spherical.
Life expectancy is 80-120 years, live up to 400 years.
European beech, or European beech (Fagus sylvatica)
Deciduous tree up to 30-50 m tall with a slender columnar trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter (centuries-old trees up to 3 m), ovoid or wide-cylindrical crown.
Lives 500 years, sometimes up to 950 years.
Leaves are elliptic, broadly pointed towards the base and towards the top, 4-10 cm long, 2.5-7 cm wide.
In autumn, the leaves are yellow, then brown, fall off at the end of October.
Nuts are used in food: in their raw form they are harmful in large quantities, it is better to use them fried.
All about forest trees hornbeam and ash
What other trees grow in the forest in Russia? This section of the article describes hornbeam and ash.
Hornbeam ordinary, or European (Carpinus betulus)
Tree 7-12 m high, sometimes up to 25 m. Trunk up to 40 cm in diameter, ribbed. The crown is dense, cylindrical. The bark of young trees is silver-gray, deeply cracking with age.
The leaves are oval, pointed, up to 15 cm long, 5 cm wide, dark green above.
Musical instruments, veneer, instrument handles, parquet are made from hornbeam.
Poplar (Populus)
Genus of fast-growing trees of the willow family. Large trees with a height of 40-45 m and a trunk diameter of up to 1 meter.
The genus includes about 90 species.
Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
Distributed in the European part of Russia.
A tree 20-30 m high and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. The crown is highly raised, openwork.
The bark is grey. The leaves are pinnate, consist of 7-15 leaflets. The leaves are lanceolate, bright green above and light green below. Flowers small, bisexual.
Honey plant.
Types of forest trees willow and alder
Speaking about what trees are found in the forest, of course, it is worth mentioning willow and alder.
Willow(Salix) represents a tree up to 15 m high or less tall shrub. There are about 170 species of willows.
Due to the ability to give adventitious roots, willows are easily propagated by cuttings.
Leaves alternate, petiolate.
The stem is branched, the branches are thin, twig-like, flexible, brittle, with matte or shiny bark.
The flowers are dioecious, small, collected in dense inflorescences. They bloom before the leaves open.
The fruit is a capsule that opens with two flaps.
Willow bark and twigs from some shrub willows are used to make basketry.
Alder measured, or sticky alder (Alnus glutinosa)- a tree up to 35 m high, with a trunk up to 90 cm in diameter. The crown is pyramidal.
Lives up to 80-100 years.
The root system is superficial.
The leaves are opposite, simple, rounded, 4-9 cm long, 6-7 cm wide.
Blooms in early spring, before foliage appears. The fruit is a cone 2 cm long and 2-2.5 cm wide.
Forest shrubs wolfberry, heather, wild rosemary and hazel
Wolfberry ordinary, or wolf's bast(Daphne mezereum)- deciduous, slightly branched, 60-120 cm high, shrub growing in the form of a small tree.
The fruits are red oval drupes with spherical shiny seeds. Fruits in late July - August.
All parts of the plant, especially the fruits, contain poisonous juice.
heather (Calluna vulgaris) grows in the European part of Russia, Western and Eastern Siberia.
Evergreen, strongly branching shrub with small triangular leaves.
Honey plant. Heather honey is a good antiseptic.
wild rosemary (Ledum)- evergreen shrub, about ten species grow in Russia.
The leaves and branches of wild rosemary emit a sharp intoxicating smell, cause dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes loss of consciousness.
Common hazel, or hazel(Corylus avellana)- deciduous, woody shrub, 2-7 m high. The crown is ovoid or flat-spherical. The bark of the trunks is smooth, light, brownish-gray.
The leaves are rounded, 6-12 cm long, 5-9 cm wide, usually narrowed at the apex.
Staminate catkins up to 5 cm long; covering scales densely pubescent, anthers glabrous, with tuft of hairs above.
The nut is almost spherical or somewhat elongated, 1.8 cm long, 1.3-1.5 cm in diameter.
