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Climate of Italy
The main characteristic of Italy's climate throughout the year is moderation, with mild winters and fairly hot summers. because of geographical location and diversity of topography, climatic conditions in northern and southern Italy are markedly different.
Climate in northern Italy
The northern regions of the country, including the environs of Milan, are in the continental zone with cold, wet winters and hot summers. The Italian Alps, blocking the path of air masses from the south, contribute to high humidity in this region throughout the year, during which up to 1000 mm of precipitation can fall here. Winters are characterized by heavy snowfalls, fog, and often rains. In the mountains, weather conditions change depending on the height above sea level. Most of the Italian Alps have snow from November to March. mountain peaks never melts.
In the north-east of the country, rainfall is much less, a maximum of 60 mm per month. In the vicinity of Venice, it is difficult to determine the rainy and dry seasons, precipitation falls evenly. This region is characterized by hot summers, especially July and August. At other times of the year, the air temperature is moderate, without extreme ups and downs. A certain role in shaping the weather in Venice has its close location to the Adriatic Sea, from which showers with thunderstorms often fall on the coast. The most comfortable weather is in spring and autumn, but in summer and winter nature can bring unexpected surprises in the form of high floods or unbearable heat.
A temperate climate has formed near the northern spurs of the Apennines, in which all four seasons of the year are clearly defined: the summer here is dry and hot, the winter is quite cold, but without frost, but it rains in spring and autumn. Autumn weather is characterized by prolonged rains, heavy downpours with wind. This is especially felt in the vicinity of Florence. In general, the Apennine mountains are characterized by a cold climate, and in closed high mountain valleys - continental.
Sea temperature at northern shores Italy
On the western coast of the country, off the coast of Genoa and Levorno, the sea does not cool below +14 degrees in winter, and warms up to +22 degrees by summer. But the Ligurian Sea can please with real warmth from July to September, when its waters warm up to + 24 ... + 25 degrees.
The sea near the north-eastern shores of the country cools much more strongly. In the middle of winter, the temperature of the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Ravenna and Venice is no more than +9 degrees. However, due to the structural features of the bottom of this sea, the water in this region warms up faster and stronger than on the western Italian coast. Already by the beginning of June, the water in the northern Italian resorts is heated to +22 degrees, and by August the temperature can reach +27 degrees.
Climate in southern Italy
The closer to the south of the country, the stronger the dominance of the Mediterranean climate is felt. In the capital of Italy, the weather during the year is much warmer than in the northern regions. Summer in Rome is incredibly hot, at noon the streets are empty. The most comfortable periods for a visit to Rome are spring and autumn. You can count on comfortable weather even in winter, and possible light rains will not spoil the city tour. Regardless of the time of year, the amount of rain in the vicinity of the capital is quite high; up to 900 mm of precipitation falls annually near the western foothills of the Apennines.
Naples boasts typical Mediterranean weather conditions formed under the influence of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Winters are very mild and wet, without frost and snow, summers are dry and hot. In spite of high temperatures air in summer months is located southwest coast Italy is comfortable thanks to the cool sea breezes.
The weather on the island of Sardinia is most favorable for recreation and travel in summer, in April - May and September. At this time, there is little rain here, and the high air temperature is easy to endure due to low humidity. Lovers of solitude and cool weather go to Italy in May: there is no large flow of tourists, and the blossoming nature gives a lot of aromas and magnificent landscapes.
Climate southern regions Italy and Sicily have a number of features that make local resorts popular almost all year round: long and dry summers from April to October, mild and humid winter months not afraid of frost and strong winds. Due to the influence of dry air masses from North Africa, hot summers and its high temperatures are tolerated very easily, because the air humidity does not exceed 40%.
The eastern and southeastern coast of Italy is also located in the subtropical Mediterranean climate zone, however, it has a number of differences from the climate on the western Italian coast. So, in summer the air temperature in the vicinity of San Marino does not exceed +26 degrees. In winter, the entire east coast is open to cold east winds, for which there are no barriers. The locals call them "bora". These winds bring extreme drops in temperature and moisture in the form of snow to the region. Although the snow does not linger here for a long time, it still happens here more often than in the west.
The sea coast in southern Italy is friendly and warm. Definitely the best time to beach holiday is the period from May to September, when not only the waters of the seas warm up to comfortable temperatures, but the weather on the coast allows you to enjoy the Mediterranean. During the winter months, the sea temperature near Naples, Palermo and Policoro is about +15 degrees. On the east coast of the Adriatic water is 2-3 degrees cooler. In the warm season, regardless of the resort, the waters off the coast of southern Italy warm up to +27 degrees and above.
Italy is called sunny, but the weather here is very capricious. The country is located on the Apennine Peninsula. Despite the small area, the terrain varies significantly between regions. It is because of this, and also because of the significant length from north to south, that the climate in Italy has a number of features that cannot be ignored when planning a trip.
Climatic features of mainland and island Italy
The mild Italian climate is not the same in different regions of the country. So in the north the climate is more temperate, while in the center and southern regions it is subtropical Mediterranean.
Northern Italy, Alps
The Alps have a temperate continental climate. In winter, the thermometer here drops to the minus mark, the cold wind "bora" blows, often snowing. In the mountains, it does not melt during all the winter months, falling abundantly from early October until the end of May. Most precipitation is on the slopes of the Carnic Alps (up to 3300 mm per year). Summers are short and rather cool, with frequent rainfall with thunderstorms and almost constant fog. The climate softens only near large lakes (Maggiore, Garda, Como), along which palm trees, olive and citrus trees grow, and in the summer months it is much warmer.
The average temperature is 12 degrees. The annual rainfall is 1000-1200 mm.
So, for example, in Venice, Milan and Turin, located in northern Italy, summers are quite humid and hot, with frequent short-term thunderstorms, and winters are frosty. In Florence, which is somewhat further south, the weather is more favorable and mild. From the beginning of May to the end of September it is sunny, with almost no precipitation, and from the end of October the rainy period begins, flowing into a snowy winter.
Po Valley
In the valley of the Po River, which flows in northern Italy, it is cool, cloudy and foggy in winter, the cold winds of “tramontana” and “mistral” blow.
Padana Plain
In the Padana Plain, the climate smoothly changes from subtropical to temperate continental. It is hot here in summer, and cool in winter, sometimes frosty, fogs prevail. On the plains, snow falls and lies from three weeks to one month a year, at an altitude of 100 to 2000 meters - from three to seven months. Thunderstorms, hail and heavy rains are not uncommon in summer and spring.
Temperature indicators: summer 23-24 degrees; winter from 0 to -10 degrees. The annual rainfall is 600-1000 mm.
peninsula
In the interior of the peninsula, where the main landscape is broadleaf forests, meadows and steppes, common continental climate. Winters here are wet, long, with fogs, and summers are stuffy and hot. Snow falls extremely rarely. Two-thirds of the year are sunny, cloudless days; from Africa, the sirocco wind brings heat and reddish dust to the southern regions of the country. In winter, the northwest "mistral" blows from gulf of lyon. It is quite cold on the tops of the Apennine mountains. So, for example, in the mountains around southern city Palermo is covered with snow most of the year.
Most favorable climate on the coast of the Ionian Sea, in the Ligurian Riviera, where the sea breeze brings freshness, on the islands of Sardinia and Sicily, where most resorts are concentrated, and the temperature is around 32-38 degrees (recorded maximum - 45 degrees) in summer and 18-22 degrees in winter.
There are also climatic differences between the western and eastern slopes of the Apennines. On the first, most of the precipitation is represented by rains, and the climate is quite mild, on the second - by snowfalls.
In summer, the temperature indicators are kept in the region of + 35 degrees. The most arid and hot in July, August. In winter, the thermometer rarely drops to minus levels.
Clothes for traveling in Italy
Light clothing made from natural fabrics and a hat are suitable for traveling in the summer months through the warm, arid regions of Italy. In winter, it is advisable to grab demi-season clothes and an umbrella. And to conquer the Alpine peaks and spend time in this area, you will need warmer winter outerwear and shoes.
Where and when to go
In order not only to choose the right clothes, but also not to make a mistake with the place of rest, it is worthwhile to determine the purpose of the trip for yourself in advance.
If the priority ski vacation then you should go to Italy in winter. The same period is most suitable for visiting art galleries and museums, as well as for shopping tours. In spring and autumn, when there is no suffocating heat, it is most pleasant to spend your holidays, devoting most of your time to excursion programs. Summer is the peak of boat trips and beach holidays.
Transport in Italy
No trip is complete without transportation. Trains and planes, buses and sea connections - all this is an integral part of travel. To visit the best corners of sunny Italy, it is better to get acquainted with the culture of the country, it is worth not only laying the route, but also getting acquainted with all the intricacies of local public transport and traffic.What to bring from Italy
When we hear “shopping in Italy”, we most often think of fashion boutiques, then we think of olive oil, pasta, cheese; someone may have associations with Venetian glass or carnival masks. So? Next - we bring to your attention a list of popular, original and simply interesting souvenirs and other products that may interest you, and some even turn out to be very useful.Italian cuisine
The first thing that comes to mind when you think of Italian cuisine is pizza, pasta and risotto. In this form, Italian cuisine appears before us in any restaurants, but in the country itself it is much more diverse, and one of its features is the difference in recipes for the same dishes in different regions of the country.
Features of Italian cuisine
For kitchen northern regions the use of meat and dairy products is typical (moreover, only sauces are prepared from minced meat, and large pieces are served as main dishes), and for the southern regions - vegetables and seafood.
The diversity of the climate is determined by the territorial extent in longitude. In northern Italy, the climate type is transitional, from subtropical to temperate continental. On the Padan Plain in January, at night the temperature drops to zero and even slightly negative levels, in the daytime it is only 4 ... 6 degrees Celsius. In winter, snow almost always falls, which does not melt for several weeks and, due to the stagnation of cold air flowing from the Alps, fogs are often observed. In the warmest month - July - even at night the temperature is +18 ... +20, during the day the air warms up to +30. The least precipitation falls in the period from January to March (monthly amount of about 50 mm), most of all in October and November (from 100 to 115 mm per month).
In the highlands of the Alps and the Apennines, the climate varies from temperate at the foot of the mountains to cold at the peaks. Temperature decreases with height and interdiurnal contrasts increase. In the mountains, snow lasts up to 6 months, it lies constantly on the peaks, heavy snowfalls are frequent from October to May.
In terms of climatic features, the Apennine Peninsula and the island of Sardinia are typically Mediterranean regions with warm and mild winters and hot and dry summers. On the coast in January, the temperature is already positive at night (+1...+4), although there are frosts, up to +10 in the daytime, in July at night +17...+19, in the daytime +27...+29. July is the driest month (20 mm), the period from October to December is the rainiest (an average of 75 to 100 mm of precipitation falls per month).
On the island of Sicily, and this is the southernmost territory of the country, it is much warmer. In January (the coldest month of the year), night temperatures are +7...+9, daytime temperatures are +13...+16, in July it is very hot (at night +19...+23, in the daytime +30... +32 degrees).
From March to October dry hot winds blow from the Sahara - sirocco. During this period, the temperature often rises to +35 C.
The least precipitation falls in summer (from June to August no more than 15 mm), most of all from October to February (average 80 mm, in some places more than 100 mm).
The water temperature in the period from January to April is 14 ... 16 degrees, from May to August it rises from 16 ... 17 to 25 ... 26, after which it gradually decreases, remaining quite comfortable until October (23 ... 25 degrees), in November and December its value is 18 ... 21 degrees.
Best time to visit Italy:
If the purpose of the trip is an excursion program, then the time of the year to visit is any. If there is a desire to combine excursions with a beach holiday, then the period from May to September inclusive is preferable. Ski resorts are open to tourists all year round.
Italy- a unique country where the tourist flow is inexhaustible at any time of the year. Here you can soak up the seashore, go on a cruise to the nearby islands, go skiing in the mountains, and there are so many sights in Rome or Florence alone that they cannot be bypassed in one trip.
Description of the weather in Italy for each month: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
Climatic zones of Italy
"Italian boot", due to its elongated shape, is included in several climatic zones. mediterranean zone considered the hottest. It includes the coastal territories of the south, the large islands of Sicily and Sardinia. Here short winter(January - first half of February) with frequent rains and occasional snow. The temperature does not fall below zero: during the day the air and water temperature is +14°C. Summer lasts from May to October and is characterized by dry hot weather, air temperature +30°С, water +25°С. Rainy off-season, air temperature +16°C, water +14°C.
Adriatic zone- East of Italy with access to the Adriatic coast, the territory from Trieste to Molise. Only coastal territories fall into this zone, since they are separated from the continent by the Apennine mountains. It's cold winters here high humidity, strong easterly winds. In summer, the temperature can reach up to +35°C.
On the west coast(Tuscany, Lazio, core) soft and warm winter, rainy autumn, hot summer, high humidity in some areas of Liguria.
Continental climate in the interior of the peninsula. These are steppes, forests, meadows in the territories of Lombardy, Veneto. Winters are long, high nebula and humidity make this area not the most popular in winter time. In summer it is hot and stuffy, which is very reminiscent of the Turkish coast in the Antalya region.
Alpine zone It's a long winter and a short summer. It constantly rains here, in sub-zero weather - snow, especially in the mountains. In summer, the temperature in the mountains may not rise above +13°C. in winter average temperature in the region of Bolzano -12°С. But in places where there are large lakes, the climate softens, so here you can find citrus, olive trees and even palm trees. For example, at Lake Garda.
The zone from Liguria to Calabria defines Apennine climate. Along the Apennines harsh winters, hot summer, snowy in winter, and a lot of precipitation will fall in the off-season.
Weather in Italy
Due to its north-south location, the Italian climate is suitable for many types of holidays. In the highlands, snow can lie all year round, at the foot of the hot weather, you can sunbathe.
Hot dry summers and wet and mild winters are characteristic of most of the country. A feature of the local climate can be called dry winds from March to October, which bring sharp warming up to + 35 ° C and unpleasant dust, so it would not be out of place to grab neckerchiefs or pareos to protect your face.
A Mediterranean climate with mild winters and dry but hot summers is characteristic of much of Italy. Sicily is considered the warmest place, where even in winter with an average temperature of +15°C, there can be several days for sunbathing. The sea is the coldest in the area Venice +10°C in February, the warmest - off the coast of the island Capri and Sorrento in August +27°C. More precipitation falls from October to March, with a minimum of rain in June-August.
Tourist seasons in Italy
ski season(second half of December-March). Permanent snow cover can be established at the end of November and in January, it depends on the altitude of the resort. AT Cervinia (above 2 thousand m) the season lasts until May, in Val di Fiemme (above 1 thousand m) until mid-March.
excursion season(all year round, but best time April-May, October-November). Half of Italian cities are monuments of history and architecture (Rome, Florence, Naples, Pisa, Venice). Most of the sights are open-air, so it's best to see them any time except in summer when it's hot and you have to queue at the entrance to each of them. The island part of Italy is also best viewed in the off-season.
Important! There are two mini-states in Italy San Marino and the Vatican therefore, having arrived in Italy, you can visit them.
beach season(end of April - mid-October). Beach holidays are available on the continental and island parts of the country. bathing season starts in May and lasts until November, it lasts the longest on the islands of Capri, Sicily, Ischia.
Important! When choosing a holiday destination on the islands, one must take into account the mountainous terrain and the almost complete absence of wide beaches.
The Velvet season(September October). The water is warmed up to +23°C and cools down slowly, the heat is replaced by warm, pleasant weather of +26°C, the sea breeze brings coolness, so lovers of a relaxing holiday, pensioners come to Italy.
Season of discounts(January-February, July-August). This is the time of shopping tourism in order to purchase high-quality branded items at a discount of up to 80%. Sales centers are Rimini and Milan, where, in addition to hundreds of branded boutiques, you can go to fashion shows.
What to bring to Italy
In the summer, going to Italy, you need to take a standard set of things: several swimsuits, a hat, beach, sightseeing and dress shoes (the latter will come in handy if you decide to visit a restaurant, nightclub, fashion disco, fashion show), light clothing with long sleeves to protect body from the scorching sun. Despite the fact that the probability of freezing at night is almost zero, there are cases of a sharp drop in temperature, so a sweater and warm trousers will not be superfluous. Also, do not forget about sunscreen, glasses and pareos.
In winter, warm clothes and waterproof shoes will be necessary, as it can snow in the mountains, and rain in the rest of the territory. Strong winds in coastal areas make it necessary to wear a down jacket with a hood or a hat. Ski resorts may require sunscreen, since the sun is often in the mountains, and the reflection of the rays from the snow creates good conditions for Tan.
In the off-season, you will have to take more things, because you need to be prepared for both the scorching sun and real winter! Therefore, T-shirts in a suitcase should coexist with hats.
If you are traveling to Italy at the end of summer or winter, remember that at this time from all malls, shopping malls and boutiques during the season of discounts, you can buy branded clothes and shoes for any occasion at an affordable price.
Weather by months
January
AT northern Italy+5°C in the daytime, +13°C in the center, +16°C in the south. The warmest area is Sicily with +14°C. Water temperature +15°C. Swimming in the bosom of nature is possible only in Ischia, where the number of springs and geysers make the water near the seashore warmer. There are almost no sunny days in January, precipitation is frequent, especially in the south. The south is characterized by fogs and cold winds, the sea is stormy.
February
Heavy rains are typical for the southern regions and Rome. Yasnykh sunny days becomes higher, the air temperature in the north + 5°C, in the central part + 13°C, in the south + 16°C. high humidity and chilly wind throughout the territory, except for the south. The Adriatic Sea has cooled down to +9°C, the Ligurian to +15°C. In coastal cities strong wind causes waves in the sea. In the Alps, the weather is minus even during the day, and the snow provides a stable surface for the full operation of the ski resorts.
March
An unstable month, when the temperature can change sharply in the direction of cooling or warming. The average temperature is + 20 ° C, although it can drop to zero, so you need to bring clothes with you for all occasions. Quantity it's raining on the wane, clear days becomes larger, and the sea calms down and becomes clean and transparent.
In Sestriere during the day + 4 ° C, the snow melts, skiing becomes uncomfortable. In Val di Fassa, it sometimes warms up to + 14 ° C, the snow melts quickly and the ski resorts begin to close. The coldest is the Adriatic Sea +12°С. In Venice +12°С during the day +4°С at night.
April
At the end of the month, you can go to the south of Italy to sunbathe and swim, although a warm jacket may be needed at night. In Rome and Florence +18°C, in Rimini, Venice and Turin + 16°C. Water off the coast of Ischia + 16°C, in the northern resorts + 14°C.
Dry and sunny weather persists for most of the month, which contributes to the rapid growth of greenery and tourist activity. In the mountainous area, the temperature can drop to below zero, the snow cover gradually melts, so you can only come to the mountains to breathe the air and admire the green meadows.
May
In the southern regions, the air can warm up to +28°C, the average temperature in the Mediterranean islands is +24°C. The water is cool +18°C. It gets cold at night in Capri and Ischia +12°C. The continental south is less prone to rain than the islands.
21°C during the day, +12°C at night in the north of the country. The water in the Adriatic Sea is +17°C, so Venice and Rimini are visited more for sightseeing purposes. The most cold weather off the coast of the Ligurian Sea in Genoa, Livorno and La Spezia + 20 ° C, in Milan + 23 ° C, it often rains.
June
Daytime +26°C and nighttime +16°C make June the most successful for beach and sightseeing holidays. Cloudy occasionally can be in Milan and Rimini. In the south, +28°C during the day, +18°C at night, the water warms up to +22°C, which contributes to the influx of parents with small children and extreme people who are not indifferent to parasailing, windsurfing and diving. In Genoa and Sanremo +24°C, in Rimini and Venice +25°C. Cool sea breezes and rare rains make a perfect beach holiday.
July
In Rome, heat, closeness and lack of wind. On the beaches of Rimini + 27 ° С - air, + 26 ° С - water. At night, the thermometer does not drop below + 20 ° C, so warm clothes are not needed. In July, there is no rain in the south, the maximum precipitation will fall in the Milan area. In the central regions + 32 ° С, in the northern regions + 28 ° С and at night it can get colder up to +17 ° С.
August
The hottest month forces even local residents go on vacation. The average air temperature is +32°С, water +26°С. The best time for a beach holiday and the worst for an excursion if the cities are not on the seashore. Trips to Pisa, Florence, Rome are best excluded. The exception is the alpine area, where it is not hot in the mountains, and forests, lakes and waterfalls contribute to a pleasant pastime. On the southern islands The Ligurian Sea can be treated at thermal springs and volcanic mud. In Capri, Sicily, Ischia + 34 ° C, the sky is clear, it rains no more than 1 day a month. Good time for cruises. Rimini becomes a place of pilgrimage for shoppers who, in between shopping trips, relax on the beaches.
September
The average air temperature is + 26 ° С, water + 23 ° С - the best time for a beach holiday on the shores of the Ligurian Sea. It is hot in the south +28°С. On the beaches of the Ligurian Riviera, +24°C is comfortable. In Venice, the weather is the same, only cloudy days more and rain more often. It is better to go to Florence, Verona and Pisa at the end of the month, when the thermometer drops to +26°C.
October
It’s not hot anymore, you can swim and sunbathe on the islands, only in the evening you may need light windbreakers. Frequent rains are typical for all regions, there are fewer sunny days, and this is the best time for excursions and gastronomic tours. In Rimini during the day +19°C, at night +10°C. In Genoa, Sanremo +20°C, water temperature +19°C. In mountainous areas +10°C and rainy. The weather is favorable for excursions in Florence, Rome and Milan, where +22°C.
November
Cloudy skies and rains are typical for all regions, with the exception of the south, where you can see the sun more often and you can occasionally walk in light sweaters. The temperature can reach up to +18°C, so there are still people on the beaches. The water is warm +20°C, but the winds and waves do not allow you to fully swim. In Sicily, it rains less frequently than in mainland Italy. In the central part +16°C, at night +7°C. In Milan, Rimini, Turin +12°C during the day, +5°C at night. In the Alpine regions + 7 ° C during the day, at night the thermometer drops to zero. Fallen snow melts quickly. In Lombardy during the day +1°C, at night -4°C.
December
Cold and damp in the northern regions. In Sestriere during the day the temperature does not rise above zero. In Turin during the day +5°C. In the south +15°C, there are intermittent rains. You can only swim in the thermal springs of Ischia. It is uncomfortable on the coast of the Ligurian and Adriatic seas - cold wind, dampness, waves. Snow cover sets in the mountains, so you can come to Italy not only to celebrate New Year, but also to conquer mountain trails.
Weather in cities and resorts by months
Rome
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 12 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 30 | 31 | 27 | 21 | 16 | 13 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 7 | 4 |
Bari
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 13 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 29 | 29 | 26 | 22 | 17 | 14 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 5 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 16 | 13 | 9 | 6 |
Bologna
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 5 | 8 | 14 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 30 | 30 | 25 | 19 | 11 | 7 | |
| Average minimum, °C | -2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 18 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 0 |
Venice
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 7 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 28 | 24 | 18 | 12 | 7 | |
| Average minimum, °C | -0 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 1 |
Verona
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 6 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 23 | 26 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 18 | 11 | 7 | |
| Average minimum, °C | -1 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 14 | 9 | 3 | -0 |
vicenza
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 7 | 9 | 14 | 17 | 23 | 26 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 18 | 12 | 8 | |
| Average minimum, °C | -1 | -0 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 3 | -0 |
Genoa
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 12 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 28 | 24 | 20 | 15 | 13 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 6 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 18 | 21 | 21 | 18 | 14 | 9 | 7 | |
| Rain, mm | 102 | 74 | 82 | 88 | 72 | 58 | 24 | 69 | 136 | 171 | 109 | 93 |
Milan
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 6 | 9 | 14 | 17 | 22 | 26 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 18 | 11 | 6 | |
| Average minimum, °C | -1 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 14 | 9 | 4 | 0 |
Naples
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 13 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 30 | 30 | 27 | 22 | 17 | 14 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 6 |
Padua
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 6 | 9 | 13 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 25 | 19 | 12 | 7 | |
| Average minimum, °C | -1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 4 | -0 |
Palermo
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 15 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 23 | 27 | 30 | 31 | 28 | 24 | 19 | 16 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 15 | 19 | 22 | 23 | 20 | 17 | 13 | 10 |
Pisa
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average maximum, °C | 11 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 29 | 30 | 26 | 21 | 15 | 12 | |
| Average minimum, °C | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 3 |
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In the south, Europe is testing the water in the Mediterranean Sea, dropping a stylish boot into it - Italy. Travelers from all over the world love to come to this blessed country, located on the Apennine Peninsula. In the northwest, it borders with France, further to the east - with Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. different plots mediterranean sea washing Italy from all sides have their own historical names: from the west - the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Sea, from the east - the Adriatic Sea, from the south - the Ionian Sea. In the north of the country are the southern spurs of the Alpine mountains, the Padana lowland. Italy owns such large islands as Sicily and Sardinia, as well as many smaller islands.
The climate in Italy is typically Mediterranean - mild, warm, moderately humid. The Alps, located to the north, are a natural barrier to humid southwestern winds, which leave a lot of moisture here, on the other hand, they reliably protect the whole country from cold northern winds. In the north of Italy there is a temperate forest zone. climate zone, while the south of the country has a typical subtropical climate.
The main factor determining climatic features Apennines and formed the local wildlife, is the Mediterranean Sea. After all, even the most remote from it, the deep corners of Italy are a maximum of 200-220 kilometers from one or another seashore. The diversity of Italy's nature is also determined by the elongation of the peninsula from northwest to southeast, as well as the predominance of hilly or mountainous terrain on it. If on a relatively narrow coastal strip there is a warm mediterranean climate, then in the depths of the peninsula and in the north in the mountains the climate is much cooler.
The Apennine Peninsula is located in a seismically active zone, since under it there is an Alpine geosynclinal zone, which is divided into two branches: the Alpine one, passing under the Alps, and the Dinaric one, under the Apennines and the mountains of Sicily. Therefore, it is not uncommon for these places to erupt from volcanoes such as Etna., and quite strong earthquakes.
Most of the Italian territory is included in the natural zone of dominance of evergreen hard-leaved shrubs and forests. Among the major representatives of the flora, the main ones can be called boxwood, strawberry tree, pine and Aleppo pine, holm oak, cherry laurel, laurel, magnolia and olive. The Podan Plain is almost entirely cultivated, its monotonous densely populated landscapes are sometimes enlivened by oak, less often by pine or birch groves. Along roads, banks of rivers and canals planted alleys of white acacias, willows and poplars.
The coastal lowlands of the islands and the Apennine Peninsula itself are overgrown with a wide strip evergreen shrubs and trees. As wild species among them, we can mention evergreen cork and holm oaks, alpine pines and pines, palms, agaves, cacti, mastic trees. But cultural subtropical species still prevail: almonds, olives, citrus fruits, figs, pomegranates, artificial plantings of cork oak..jpg)
In the Italian mountains, the altitudinal zonality of vegetation is clearly visible. The Alps are in another natural area compared with the Apennines, therefore only the foothills of the latter have a belt of subtropical vegetation. In the Apennines, above 500-800 meters, the belt of subtropical vegetation ends, and broad-leaved forests begin, from which the lowest plant belt begins in the Alps. AT this case It is mainly about the kind oak, forests of which are diluted with hornbeam, chestnut, beech and ash. As for cultural plantings, there are many vineyards, fruit trees, fields sown with oats, rye, potatoes. grow higher mixed forests from beeches and conifers breeds. In the Alps they start from a height of 900 meters, and in the Apennines - only after 2000 meters. In the beech forests, herds graze in the off-season, which are driven to higher pastures in the summer. Above 1500 meters in the Alps, and in the south of the Apennines and in Sicily above 2000 meters the highest coniferous trees- mainly pine, fir and European species of spruce.
Even higher are the tall grasses. subalpine meadows. The juiciest and richest meadows are found in the Alps, which is why they gave them their name. Mountain meadows are excellent summer pastures. Above the meadows up to the glaciers or peaks on the stones grow only lichens or mosses. exposed mountain slopes more often it can be found not in the Alps, but in the Apennines, in places where forests were cut down, after which soil erosion and landslides began.
Climate zones
There are three natural climatic zones: the Mediterranean climate is observed in most of the country, in the Padana lowland it becomes temperate, and in the high Alps it becomes cold. The climate of the coast of Italy is not the same. If on the shores of the Tyrrhenian Sea it is more humid than the sea, then on the Adriatic it is closer to the continental one. .jpg)
The Italian Alps, the Padana Lowland and the rest of the peninsula have their own climatic features. In most of the peninsula, the subtropics are under the predominant influence of the Atlantic winds blowing from the west, in summer they correspond to tropical climate and moderate in winter. In July, the average temperature in the north of the peninsula is +24 degrees, and in the south it is 2 degrees warmer. In summer, a weak wind mainly blows from the west or northeast, only occasionally "sirocco" flies from Africa. In winter, cyclones usually pass, bringing precipitation. In the south of the peninsula in winter, the average temperature is +10 degrees, but further from the coast it is colder - only +3 degrees. Snow at low altitudes falls only in the north of the Apennines, and stable snow cover occurs only in the Alps. In general, the winter is very mild, and on the Italian Riviera and in Genoa it is more like autumn - in January the average temperature is +7 degrees.
In the Padana Lowland, the climate is between temperate and subtropical., with lines of continental (very hot summer - in July the average temperature is +25 degrees, and in January it is quite cool - only 0 degrees).
Subtropical climate of Italy
In the south of the "Italian boot" there is a hilly terrain, and the climate is quite warm, the summer is long and very hot. Evergreen Mediterranean vegetation reigns here. The local rivers are very shallow, and in summer many of them dry up. All Italian islands are mountainous and similar to the mainland. natural conditions. 250 days a year it is clear there, hot and dry summer (in July +26 degrees), winter is very mild (in January +8-10 degrees). From March to October, hot “siroccos” are possible, raising the temperature to +35 degrees.
Continental climate of Italy
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In the northernmost alpine zone, a continental climate is observed with a pronounced manifestation altitudinal zonality. In July at the foot of AlP the air warms up to an average of 20-22 degrees. To the west, in the Bardonecchia mean annual temperature is +7.4 degrees and 660 mm of precipitation falls. Colder and wetter in the eastern part, in Cortina d'Ampezzo(+6.6 degrees and 1055 mm respectively). To the west, in the Aosta Valley, permanent snow cover forms at 3,110 meters, while in the Julian Alps it drops to 2,545 meters. Sometimes in autumn and winter, a dry, warm “foehn” breaks out from Austria and Switzerland. leading to sharp warming in the Susa and Aosta valleys. In the Eastern Alps, gusts of cold and dry "boron" capable of reaching speeds of 200 km/h. In the highlands, rains fall in summer, but in the off-season they shift to the edges of the climatic zone. Snow is possible only in winter, and its amount (3-10 m) is determined by the proximity to the coast and the specific season. The heaviest snowfalls occur in the foothills. But in the mountains, the temperature often drops to -15-20 degrees. Local lakes soften the weather a little. If in Milan the average January temperature is +1 degrees, then on Lake Garda it is +4 degrees. There are several hundred glaciers in the Italian Alps, of the most famous - in the Mont Blanc massif - is Miage - the largest in Italy, and the southernmost in Europe at the top of Corno Grande - Calderon.
Transitional climate from subtropics to temperate
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Between the described zones is the Padana lowland, which is characterized by Central European nature with signs of the beginning of the subtropics. Summers are hot here, and winters are harsh, which soften towards the Adriatic. The average winter temperature in Turin is +0.3 degrees, and in summer +23 degrees. Mostly rains are observed in the off-season, and the higher - the more often they are. Little snow falls on the high plains. On the Adriatic coast, the temperature rises when moving from north to south, not only for reasons of latitude, but also with a change in the wind rose from east to south. In Venice, the average annual temperature is +13.6 degrees, in Ancona +16 degrees, and in Bari +17 degrees. Precipitation - respectively 750, 650 and 600 mm.
The severity of winter in the Apennines is determined by the height, mostly moderate precipitation in the form of rain and snow is observed. Winter cyclones often change the weather, bringing snow even to the southern regions. In the east, in Urbino, the average annual temperature is +12.1 degrees with 890 mm of precipitation, and in Potenza +12.5 degrees with 1000 mm. Inside the peninsula and on its eastern slopes, 800 mm of precipitation falls annually, and in the center of Sicily and Sardinia it does not get even 500 mm. An important feature of Italian nature is the constant tectonic and volcanic processes., since the country is located in the region of young mountain folding.
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