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Rocket PC-24 "Yars"- Russian solid-propellant mobile-based intercontinental ballistic missile with a multiple reentry vehicle, developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering under the guidance of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yu. Solomonov. It is a modernization of the missile complex "Topol-M". Tactical and technical characteristics are classified.
In the future, it should replace the liquid carriers of the RS-18 ICBM (UR-100N UTTKh, according to NATO classification - SS-19 mod.1 Stiletto) and RS-20A "Voevoda" (R-36M2, according to NATO classification - SS-18 mod.5 /6 Satan). Together with the RS-12M2 Topol-M monoblock ICBM, the Yars missile should form the basis of the Strategic Missile Forces strike force until the middle of the 21st century.
May 29, 2007 at the Plesetsk test site, the first test launch of the RS-24 was carried out at the Kura test site.
December 25, 2007 at the Plesetsk test site, the second test launch of the RS-24 was carried out at the Kura test site.
November 26, 2008 at the Plesetsk test site, the third test launch of the RS-24 was carried out at the Kura test site.
At the end of 2009, the Russian military-industrial complex supplied the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) with the first combat unit mobile missile systems RS-24 "Yars", equipped with multiple warheads. In July 2010, the deployment of the first RS-24 unit was officially confirmed by Deputy Defense Minister V.A. Popovkin.
As of July 2010, the Strategic Missile Forces were armed with 3 RS-24 mobile-based missiles, each with three warheads:
The maximum flight range is 11,000 km;
Power nuclear charge- 150 kt;
Control system - autonomous, inertial;
Basing method - mobile and stationary;
Length (with warhead) - about 23 m;
Diameter - 2 m.
And although they are still perhaps the most advanced in the world, despite this, they need to be replaced. The fact is that the carriers of the R-36 series were developed at one time in Ukraine - design bureau engineering association "Yuzhnoye" in Dnepropetrovsk. They were carried out there mass production. Both the plant and the design bureau are located today in another state (although some spare parts for Russian speakers are still imported from Ukraine), so it makes sense to keep them in service only until the end of the assigned resource, possibly with a slight extension.
As far as is known R-36M2 resource expires in 2025, although, according to some sources in the military-industrial complex, it can be extended if necessary, according to the most optimistic ideas, for at least another 20 years.
Two opinions are known regarding the creation of the RS-24 Yars ICBM. According to the first, the new missile is a deep modernization of the well-known RS-22 ICBM (RT-23U, SS-24 Scalpel) using scientific, technical and technological solutions previously implemented in the Topol-M missile system.
In the second case, a new rocket was created on the basis of the Topol-M missile with the installation of an additional upper stage and a breeding unit with warheads from . Taking into account the capabilities of solid-propellant missiles of this class, it can be assumed that with a flight range of about 12,000 km, the RS-24 Yars will be able to deliver three to six individually targetable warheads with a capacity of 150 to 300 kilotons to the target.
It will be inferior in terms of throw weight to the RS-18 and RS-20, but will surpass them in terms of operational characteristics and rate of climb. dimensions new rocket should ensure its use in mine and mobile (ground and railway) versions.
According to representatives of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN), the RS-24 Yars ICBM meets all the requirements of the current agreements on the limitation of strategic nuclear warheads (1700-2200 nuclear warheads as of December 31, 2007, until a different agreement is reached).
Intensification of development work to create missile system with ICBM RS-24 "Yars" is one of the key directions in the construction of the Strategic Missile Forces in the near future. This is due to the fact that by 2016 the grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces, with a quantitative decrease in the grouping, will have no more than 20% of missile systems with extended service life and 80% of new complexes(missile systems with ICBMs RS-12M2 Topol-M and RS-24 Yars).
The article uses materials from the sites wikipedia, arms-expo.ru, militaryparitet.com
/ Alex Varlamic /
Up to six thermonuclear warheads of 300 kilotons each, a range comparable to the diameter of the Earth and an accuracy that allows placing charges in a circle with a radius of 150 meters - the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) continue to rearm with newest complex with ICBM RS-24 "Yars". In particular, the Glukhov division in Western Siberia will switch to new missiles by the end of 2017, Major General Pavel Burkov, the commander of the guard formation, said on Friday.
He noted that there were no problems with the development of the RS-24 in the Glukhov division, since it was there that the complexes passed state tests, and representatives of the defense industry managed to train personnel. "Yars" are delivered to the Tagil, Novosibirsk and Kozelsk missile formations. About why in the renewal of Russia's nuclear deterrence forces land-based solid-propellant missiles are assigned special role, - in the material of RIA Novosti.
Eternal dispute
Looking back at the history of development ballistic missiles, then the USSR, since the 1950s, hit the creation of liquid fuel engines, pushing solid fuel engines. The United States, on the contrary, threw all its forces into solid fuel and achieved serious success in this, significantly ahead of Soviet scientists.
The developed technologies were successfully used by the Americans even in civil astronautics, in particular, solid-propellant side boosters were used in the Space Shuttle program and produced more than 80 percent of the launch thrust. To put it simply, a solid propellant rocket engine (SRM) is a dry cylindrical piece with a narrow channel along its entire length, in which the combustion process starts. There are no sealed tanks with fuel and oxidizer, valve systems and turbopump units.
The Soviet Union made up for the lost time only in the late 1980s by creating a solid-propellant three-stage intercontinental ballistic missile RT-23UTTKh (according to NATO classification - "Scalpel") for a combat railway missile system. In terms of combat characteristics, it not only was not inferior, but also surpassed the American ICBMs.
hard decision
The number of solid-propellant carriers of nuclear weapons in Soviet troops began to grow in the 1980s. According to open data, if in 1980 they had less than one percent of warheads, then by the beginning of the 1990s, a third of the entire arsenal was transferred to solid fuel. The US began arming itself with "hard" missiles as early as the 1960s and has maintained this policy ever since.
Disputes between specialized design bureaus about the advantages and disadvantages of "solid" and "liquid" missiles continue, and no one has come to a consensus. However, the former have several undeniable advantages, including in terms of combat capabilities.
Firstly, the dynamics of gaining speed and altitude, incomparable with "liquid" missiles, which significantly reduces the duration of the so-called active phase (with the operation of engines) and reduces the likelihood of interception by anti-missile defense systems. Given the pace of development of the US global missile defense system, this is a valuable quality that directly affects the survivability of a missile.
Secondly, due to the absence of moving units and pipelines, a solid rocket engine is much easier to manufacture and more reliable than a liquid one. To achieve maximum jet thrust, it does not need automatic control systems that take into account hundreds of parameters, but it is enough to choose the right composition of the combustible mixture and "play" with the shape of the nozzle and combustion chamber.
Thirdly, solid-fuel rockets are usually lighter and more compact than 100-ton liquid "monsters", they are more convenient to transport, store and mask from reconnaissance satellites. In addition, the chances are higher that a "solid" ICBM, due to the simplicity of its design, will "survive" under nuclear strike the enemy in the area of \u200b\u200bbasing and will be able to "hurt" in response.
The role of "Yars"
Now the Russian Strategic Missile Forces are armed with five types of missile systems: RS-20M Voevoda, RS-18A, RS-12M Topol, RS-12M2 Topol-M and RS-24 Yars. Interestingly, the American edition of Business Insider, along with the promising heavy liquid-fueled RS-28 ICBM, included the solid-propellant Yars in the list of the deadliest Russian weapons.
The PC-24 ICBM with multiple warheads (MIRV type) was developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering under the guidance of Academician Yuri Solomonov. In September 2017, another successful test launch of the mine version of the Yars was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, as a result of which the warheads "landed" in the settlement area of the Kamchatka Kura test site. It is Yars, together with Sarmat and Topol-M, that will become the basis of the ground component in the near future nuclear triad Russia.
Russia is making a key bet on Yarsa today. Vladimir Dvorkin, chief researcher at the IMEMO RAS, told reporters earlier that these MIRV systems could help Russia partly counter the American "return potential" policy. Recall that it is a reduction nuclear capability not destruction constituent parts ICBMs and warheads, and warehousing.
"It is possible to load more missiles of the Yars type, bringing their equipment to six warheads. In addition, it is possible to equip the Sinev carriers with lighter blocks, and also start producing more missiles. But this is still incomparable with the capabilities available to the United States," - recognized Dworkin.
The expert cited as an example the American missile of the Minuteman-3 type, which can carry three warheads instead of one. And instead of four, Trident-T5 can be equipped with either eight powerful units or 12 weak warheads.
Missile complex "Yars"
The construction of a fifth-generation solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile began back in the USSR. The assignments were received by two missile development centers - the Institute of Thermal Engineering in Moscow and the Dnipropetrovsk Design Bureau Yuzhnoye. Light-class ICBMs were supposed to be based on tractors and in mine installations. Deadlines were tight.
disappearance Soviet Union made adjustments to the plans of the developers, but the cooperation under the leadership of the Moscow Institute managed to finalize the missile system with the name Topol-M. The missiles were deployed in the mines much earlier, and the commissioning of the mobile ground version was delayed.
A promising predecessor of "Yars" - Topol-M
Monoblock head part high power became combat equipment as a result of the START-1 treaty. But it was clear that the arms race would continue, and it was necessary to take care of the prospects for new missile combat equipment. The survey work was launched by decree of the President of Russia, and this moment can be considered the beginning of the creation of the Yars complex based on the promising Topol-M, which has finally taken up combat duty.
Task for the Yars missile system
The task of the Yars missile system (RS-24) was to deliver multiple warheads to the enemy's vital centers. Due to the increase in the thrown weight, the range of the rocket had to be reduced in comparison with the Topol-M. great attention was given to shooting false targets and generating interference that confuses the enemy's missile defense system. Since the United States unilaterally terminated the ABM treaty and began to improve its missile defense system, it was decided to speed up the development of the Yars complex, and increased funding for the work.
New missile system "Yars"
The Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering adequately coped with the task. This is not surprising, his employees even managed to bring to an end the long story with the Bulava. Academician Yu.S. Solomonov led the successful development of Yars.
Experimental launches were carried out from the cosmodrome in Plesetsk (Arkhangelsk region), the head of the rocket hit targets at the Kura test site (Kamchatka). To track the flight of divided warheads, Yars was launched from Kapustin Yar (Astrakhan region). Despite the success, some experts consider the number of test launches insufficient to confirm the full reliability of the RS-24 in combat conditions.
New missile system "Yars"
The main technologies and components of the rocket were borrowed from Topol-M, they are unified for both complexes. Differences "Yars" in the breeding system of warheads, the design of the warhead, he needed a different control system.
Three mid-flight stages are enclosed in a one-piece cocoon body made of a polymer composite based on durable aramid fiber. For the sake of reducing the weight of the rocket, the developers used a minimum of metal. The head fairing is made of organic polymers, the nozzle nozzles and the socket of the nozzle blocks are made of carbonaceous material.
All stages are solid propellant, including the warhead disengagement mechanism. Fuel containing octagen is used high density retaining its properties over a wide range of humidity and temperature environment. The range of the Yars is about 10 thousand kilometers, but the exact characteristics of the rocket are classified.
Maneuvering is carried out using hydraulic rudders. On the active leg of the flight (its height was reduced compared to Topol-M), the rocket can maneuver to a limited extent due to auxiliary engines. Yars successfully overcomes the layered missile defense of any potential enemy.
The missile is equipped with at least four high-speed warheads. Their "visibility" in flight is reduced in many ranges of electromagnetic radiation. Hit accuracy is ensured by GLONASS positioning. Warheads are covered by decoys and jammers.
On combat duty
"Yars" have already begun to enter the troops. First, they complement and replace Topol-M mobile complexes. RS-24 will soon be installed in mine installations. In the coming years, these two missiles will become the basis of the Russian strike force. The minimum service life of the Yars complex is 15 years. In the mobile version, the RS-24 is based on a multi-axle chassis with high cross-country ability. Yars comes from the factory in a fiberglass case that is resistant to external influences.
"Well, you fool!" - not with an insulting intonation, but, on the contrary, with undisguised admiration, swept through the stands on Red Square, when from behind the building Historical Museum, embedding in the front column military equipment, a hulk of the installation of the Yars mobile ground missile system left. Directly from the center of Moscow, this rocket can easily fly to any point, say, the United States: from Miami to San Francisco. Named "Yars"Mobile ground missile system (PGRK) "Yars" with RS-24 The mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) with the RS-24 intercontinental ballistic missile is an improved version of the Topol-M. During its production, the experience of military operation of the fifth generation PGRK ("Topol-M") was taken into account. The Yars are already equipped, in particular, with the Teykov missile formation of the Strategic Missile Forces (Guards of the Order of Kutuzov II degree missile division), stationed in Ivanovo region. It was from the composition of this division that the very “hulks” who took place on May 9 on Red Square were from, impressing the spectators and participants in the current Victory Parade. By the way, this is not the first time that the Teykovites show their weapons at the parade in the capital. Since 2008, the division has been taking part in the passage of a column of military equipment across Red Square, but for the first time with Yars. Yury Solomonov, general designer of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, considers Yars to be the most serious achievement of domestic engineering and scientific thought. In his opinion, by 2020 this type of weapon can be considered as the basis of a ground-based strategic nuclear group. Intercontinental ballistic missile RT-2PM "Topol" “Due to the versatility of the Yars missile, just like the missiles of the Topol-M complex, it can be used both in mine and in mobile launchers,” Yuri Solomonov notes, “this complex contains big potential modernization. Including, as the potential missile defense system is modernized.” performance characteristics"Yars", for obvious reasons, little is known. But even the available information is impressive. For example, with a range of 12 thousand kilometers, the deviation of the missile from the target does not exceed ... 150 meters! The autonomous launcher of the PGRK is capable of providing a topographical reference of the complex at any location, has its own system for supplying energy and monitoring the temperature and humidity conditions in the container and ground equipment. All 16 wheels of the multi-axle chassis are driving, that is, in fact, there are no insurmountable land barriers for the PGRK. Less than six months ago, another test launch of the RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome. The launch was carried out just from a mobile launcher to confirm the reliability of a batch of missiles supplied by the manufacturer, as well as to verify the combat and operational characteristics of the complex. The set goals of the launch were achieved, and the tasks were completed in full, then representatives of the Russian Ministry of Defense noted. The results of the experimental combat duty PGRK "Yars" testify to the reliability of this weapon, in connection with which a decision has already been made to re-equip the mobile group of the Strategic Missile Forces with this type of missile systems. Nuclear triad arsenalVoevoda missile system with R-36M2 missile Rocket troops strategic purpose - a special type of troops of the Armed Forces. The fact is that these are not just troops - they are the main component of strategic nuclear forces states. The task of the Strategic Missile Forces is to nuclear deterrence possible aggression and defeat by massive, group or single nuclear missile strikes of strategic enemy targets located in one or more strategic aerospace directions and forming the basis of the enemy’s military and military-economic potential. The Strategic Missile Forces - 3 missile armies and 12 missile formations, as well as the State Central Interspecific Range. Specialists for the troops are being trained by the Peter the Great Military Academy and two training centers plus a school of technicians. In the course of all recent reforms in the army, the structure of these particular troops was preserved unchanged. If we talk about the armament of the Strategic Missile Forces, then the troops have 6 types of missile systems of the fourth and fifth generations, of which 3 are silo-based and 3 are mobile ground-based. In general, as experts note, more than two-thirds of the nuclear carriers of Russia's strategic nuclear forces are concentrated in these troops. The basis of the Strategic Missile Forces arsenal today, in addition to the Yars, is the intercontinental ballistic missiles RT-2PM Topol, R36M2 (Voevoda), UR-100NUTTH, as well as ICBM RT-2PM2 (RT-2PM1), unified for mine and mobile basing options. The Voevoda missile system with the R-36M2 missile is rightfully considered the most powerful weapon in the world. This missile is capable of delivering 10 warheads with a total mass of 8 tons and a capacity of up to 0.75 megatons each to a range of 11.5 thousand kilometers. For comparison, the power atomic bomb The "Little Boy" dropped by American pilots on Hiroshima was 13-18 kilotons, that is, in one Voyevoda warhead "hidden" from 40 to 60 such bombs. The rocket body has a multifunctional coating, there is protection of the control system equipment from gamma radiation, and the separation of the head fairing is carried out after passing through the zone of high-altitude blocking nuclear explosions. Shield and sword of power Missile-complex with MBR-UR-100NUTTH The Russian Strategic Rocket Forces in its history (and its countdown has been going on since 1959) have never been used for their intended purpose as military force. However - this cannot be denied - together with other components of the strategic nuclear forces, they have always been invisibly present in the solution of various military-political problems. Strategic Missile Forces - troops on combat duty continuously, being in readiness to carry out combat missions by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. By the way, about 6,000 people are at combat posts every day as part of the duty forces of the Strategic Missile Forces. Taking into account the rearmament to the Yars complex, the share of modern complexes in the Strategic Missile Forces is now about 50 percent. The task for this and next year- upgrade the missile systems of the strike group of troops to 60 percent, and by 2021 - to 100 percent. AT last year According to the plan for the rearmament of the Strategic Missile Forces, these troops were supplied with a significant number of modern weapons, military and special equipment, including intercontinental ballistic missiles (16 ICBMs of the Yars RK, 12 of which are mobile ground-based and 4 are mine-based). The arsenal of troops was replenished with autonomous launchers, mobile command posts missile regiments and divisions, combat support vehicles, as well as engineering support and camouflage equipment. this year work will continue on re-equipping the Novosibirsk, Tagil and Kozelsk formations with new missile systems. Two regiments in the Tagil and Novosibirsk formations and one more (stationary) one in the Kozel division are already armed with "Yars" mobile-based. In December last year, these 3 regiments took up experimental combat duty. In total, this year it is planned to supply 24 Yars ICBMs of mobile ground and stationary basing to the Strategic Missile Forces this year. In addition, it is planned to conduct 14 launches of intercontinental ballistic missiles with the main tasks of extending the service life of existing missile systems, equipment. An important role is also assigned to maintaining troops in a combat-ready state. The Strategic Missile Forces skills personnel during the exercises, they are trained in conditions as close as possible to the actual performance of combat missions. For example, the Topol, Topol-M and Yars mobile-based launchers are working out the tasks of carrying out combat duty on combat patrol routes (field positions). security, protection and intelligence. The actions of reconnaissance and sabotage groups of the enemy are practiced with the involvement of imitation units. An important role in the practical actions of the troops is assigned to the development of forms and methods of camouflage, and ensuring the survivability of missile systems. In total, in 2015, the Strategic Missile Forces planned to hold more than a hundred military exercises and more than forty different training camps.
