Functions of the red cross and crescent. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the largest humanitarian community in the world. Its purpose is to alleviate human suffering, protect human life and health and uphold human dignity, especially in times of armed conflict and other emergencies. The movement operates in all countries of the world and is supported by millions of volunteers.

Three components International Movement are:

International Committee Red Cross (ICRC)

189 National Societies Red Cross and Red Crescent

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).

Our Movement sees its mission in preventing or reducing the suffering of a person, wherever he is. Our Fundamental Principles guide us in this mission.

International Committee of the Red Cross

The ICRC is an impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence and to provide them with assistance. The ICRC promotes the development of international humanitarian law and also draws attention to universal humanitarian principles. As depositary of the Geneva Conventions, the ICRC has a permanent mandate under international law to visit places of detention, organize rescue operations, reunite separated families and carry out other humanitarian activities in times of armed conflict.

For more information visit the website of the International Committee of the Red Cross >>>

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

The Federation is a Global Humanitarian Organization that coordinates and directs international assistance to victims of natural and man-made disasters in non-conflict situations. The Federation provides support to 189 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies that are members of the International Movement. Its relief operations combined with development issues, including programs for disaster preparedness, health and medical measures, promotion of humanitarian values. In particular, it supports programs to reduce risks and control the spread of diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, bird flu and malaria. The organization also works to combat discrimination and violence, and organizes assistance for migrants.

For more information, visit the website of the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent >>>

Standing Commission Red Cross and Red Crescent

The tasks of the International Committee of the Red Cross include:

Visiting prisoners of war, as well as civilians detained in connection with a military armed conflict;

Search, missing persons;

Reunion of separated families;

Providing food, water and medical care to civilians,

who are deprived of the most necessary;

Spreading knowledge about international humanitarian law and monitoring

compliance with its rules;

Drawing attention to violations of IHL and promoting its development.

To protect and assist victims of armed conflict, the ICRC

a) works on the improvement of international humanitarian law, on the clarification and dissemination of the text of the Geneva Conventions;

b) organize visits to military and civilian prisoners who ended up in camps and prisons as a result of armed conflicts; reunites families dispersed by war; provides medical assistance to victims;

c) helps the civilian population experiencing material needs;

provides assistance to war invalids;

d) take measures to protect refugees and other displaced persons.

4. Symbols of the International Organization Red Cross and Red Crescent.

To recognize people and property that have a corresponding right to protection, use international decals and emblems. The decals must be large and clearly visible.

(1. For all medical formations and clergy, a distinctive sign - red cross on white background , this sign has no religious meaning.

Muslim countries, first Turkey, and then others, adopted the sign red crescent.

2. Sign white-blue shield stands for cultural values.

3. The sign of three orange circles located on a white field indicate installations and structures containing dangerous forces.

4. Blue equilateral triangle on an orange background - facilities and personnel

civil defense.

6. Bel th flag is the truce flag used for negotiations.)

The red cross on a white field is the distinctive emblem to designate the medical units of the armed forces. The emblem is used as a protective and as a distinctive sign. During armed conflicts, the emblem is used primarily as a protective sign to identify personnel of institutions,

The principle that guides the ICRC is that "even war has limits that limit the methods and means of warfare."

The member states of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 assumed the obligation to take measures to prevent and suppress the abuse of the emblem both in peacetime and in wartime.

Responsibility for violation of international humanitarian law.

International humanitarian law defines the norms of conduct for participants in hostilities. Like any law, IHL is not always respected. A person who violates the law is liable. In international humanitarian law, individual criminal responsibility is provided for especially serious offenses committed during an international armed conflict, which are called war crimes.

They are specified in 1 and 2 of the Geneva Convention. (aloud) and in Article 356 of the Criminal Code.

Knowledge control:

Give answers to questions:

1. Why is the Red Cross movement international?

2. What is the main goal of the Red Cross movement.

3. What do you know about the activities of the International Red Cross Movement?

Test "How tolerant are you?"

Do you admit that there are opinions different from yours, do you treat them with respect, tolerance? The proposed test will help to assess the degree of your tolerance. One condition - answer quickly, without hesitation.

1. Are you uncomfortable with the situation in which you have to abandon the plan that you came up with, because your friends suggested another plan:

1. You meet up with friends and someone offers to start a game. What would you prefer:

a) that only those who play well participate in it;

b) so that those who do not know the rules can play.

3. You calmly perceive the news that is unpleasant for you:

4. Do you dislike drunk people:

a) if they do not cross the permissible boundaries of behavior, then this does not interest me at all;

b) I am always unpleasant people who do not know how to control themselves.

5. Can you easily get in touch with people who have different views, habits than you:

a) it is difficult for me to do it;

b) I don't care.

6. How do you react to a joke that you become the object of:

a) I do not like either the joke itself or the joker;

b) even if the joke is unpleasant to me, I will try to answer in the same joking manner.

7. Do you agree with the opinion that many people are “sitting in the wrong place”, “doing their own thing”:

8. You brought a friend (girlfriend) to your company who becomes the object of everyone's attention.

How would you react to this:

a) it is unpleasant for me that attention is diverted from me;

b) I am happy for a friend (girlfriend).

9. At a party you meet an elderly person who criticizes modern youth,

extols the old days. How do you react:

a) I leave early under a plausible pretext;

b) get into an argument.

FOR ANSWERS 1-B2-B3-B4-A 1. GIVE YOURSELF 2 POINTS 5-B 2. CALCULATE THE NUMBER6-B OF YOUR POINTS 7-A8-B9-A

0 - 5 POINTS - You are adamant and stubborn, imposing your opinions on others in order to achieve your goal. You find it difficult to maintain normal relationships with those who think differently than you. 5 - 12 POINTS - You stand firm in your beliefs, but are able to change your point of view. 13 - 18 POINTS - You can accept a different idea, treat any act with understanding . You are quite critical of your opinion, able to abandon a point of view that turned out to be erroneous.

(International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, IFRC) — international organization(Non-Governmental Association), a permanent representative body of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

International Federation Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies along with the International Committee of the Red Cross and National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

The mission of the movement is to prevent or alleviate human suffering everywhere and at all times, to ensure respect for human dignity (in particular during armed conflict and other emergencies), to work for disease prevention, health and welfare, to encourage the involvement of volunteers, to promote constant readiness to the provision of assistance and, ultimately, the development of solidarity everywhere with all those who need help and protection of the movement.

In carrying out its mission, the movement is guided by fundamental principles - humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntariness, unity and universality.

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) was founded in 1919 in Paris after the end of the First World War. The initiator of its creation was the president of the American Military Committee of the Red Cross, Henry Davison.

Initially, at an international medical conference in Paris, the League of Red Cross Societies was formed, which in 1983 was renamed the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and since 1991 became known as the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC and RC).

Initially, the goal of the IFRC and the KP was to improve the health of people in countries that had suffered greatly during the First World War.

Later, its tasks also became the unification existing societies Red Cross and promoting the creation of new societies. Initially, the federation brought together five member societies of the Red Cross - Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan and the USA. Currently, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies includes 189 national societies.

The Secretary General of the IFRC and the KP is Elhaj As Si, the President is Tadateru Konoe.

The Russian Red Cross Society (ROKK) was formed on May 15, 1867 and recognized by the International Committee of the Red Cross on October 5, 1921. Since May 1923 - the Red Cross Society of the RSFSR as part of the Union of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (SOCC and KP). In 1934, the ROCK as part of the SOCC and the CP was admitted to International League Societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (now the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent). Since 2002, the society has been called the All-Russian social organization"Russian Red Cross".

For more than a century, the Red Cross and Red Crescent have been at the service of humanity, protecting the victims of armed conflicts and those who provide assistance to them. In December 2005, an additional emblem of the red crystal was created, which is used along with the emblems of the red cross and red crescent. The document brought to your attention tells about the history of the creation of emblems.

Until the nineteenth century, each country had its own symbols used by the medical services of the armed forces. These symbols were not widely known, were rarely respected, and offered no legal protection.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the rapid development of production firearms led to a significant increase in the number of killed and wounded during the war.

On June 24, 1859, the War for the Reunification of Italy was underway. During a private trip, a Swiss citizen named Henri Dunant ended up in the city of Solferino. There he witnessed the tragedy of more than 45,000 soldiers abandoned to the mercy of fate, who died or were injured on the battlefield.

Returning to Geneva, Henri Dunant began to write a book in which he proposed to significantly expand the scope of assistance to the victims of the war.

create in Peaceful time in each country a group of volunteers to assist the victims during the war;

to ensure that countries agree to provide protection for first aid volunteers as well as the wounded on the battlefield.

The first proposal formed the basis for the creation of National Societies, which today exist in 183 countries. The second is the basis for the creation of the Geneva Conventions, which are signed today by 192 states.

On February 17, 1863, a committee of five members - the future International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) - met to study the proposals of Henri Dunant.

One of the main goals of the meeting was the adoption of a single distinctive emblem, the use of which would be supported by law and ensure respect for the medical service of the armed forces, volunteers of first aid societies, as well as victims of armed conflicts.

The emblem had to be simple, clearly visible from a distance, known to all and the same for both allies and enemies. It was supposed to be the same for everyone and enjoy universal recognition.

On October 26, 1863, the first international conference was convened. It was attended by delegates from 14 countries.

Ten resolutions were adopted that regulated the creation of societies to help wounded soldiers - the future Red Cross societies, and later the Red Crescent Society. In addition, the conference also adopted the emblem of the red cross on a white background as a single distinctive emblem.

In August 1864, the Diplomatic Conference, convened to transform the resolutions adopted in 1863 into treaty norms, adopted the first Geneva Convention.

This is how modern humanitarian law was born.

The first Geneva Convention recognized the red cross on a white background as a single distinctive emblem.

The emblem was supposed to reflect the neutrality of the medical service of the armed forces and indicate the protection that is provided to it. The adopted emblem was the reverse colors of the Swiss flag.

The permanent neutral status of Switzerland was confirmed by the practice of the last few years, and also reinforced by the Vienna and Paris Treaties of 1815. Moreover, the white flag was and remains a symbol of the desire for negotiations or the desire to surrender. Shooting anyone who has flown a white flag of their own free will is unacceptable.

The resulting emblem had the advantage of being easy to reproduce and recognizable from a distance, as it had contrasting colors.

During the Russo-Turkish War, the Ottoman Empire announced that it intended to use the emblem of the red crescent on a white background instead of the emblem of the red cross. Respecting the emblem of the red cross, the authorities Ottoman Empire were of the opinion that the red cross, by its very nature, is offensive to Muslim soldiers. The red crescent emblem was temporarily approved for use until the end of the conflict.

After World War I, a Diplomatic Conference was convened in 1929 to revise the Geneva Conventions. The Turkish, Persian and Egyptian delegations requested the Conference to recognize the emblems of the red crescent and the red lion and sun. After lengthy discussions, the Conference agreed to recognize these emblems as distinctive emblems in addition to the red cross emblem. However, in order to avoid a further increase in the number of emblems, the Conference has limited the number of countries that can use these emblems to the above three States that have already used them. Under the Geneva Conventions, the three distinctive emblems have equal status.

Today, 151 National Societies use the Red Cross emblem and 32 National Societies use the Red Crescent emblem.

A diplomatic conference convened in 1949 to revise the Geneva Conventions after the end of World War II examined three proposals to resolve the issue of emblems:

the Dutch proposal for a new unified emblem;

a proposal to return to the use of a single red cross emblem;

an Israeli proposal to recognize the new emblem of the red shield of David, which was used as the distinctive emblem of the medical service of the Israeli armed forces.

All three proposals were rejected. The conference expressed its protest against the increase in the number of protective emblems. The emblems of the red cross, red crescent, and red lion and sun remain the only recognized emblems.

Islamic Republic Iran has announced that it is waiving its right to use the red lion and sun emblem and will continue to use the red crescent emblem as the distinctive emblem of the medical service of the armed forces. However, Iran has reserved the right to revert to the red lion and sun emblem if any new emblems are recognized in the future.

Debate about emblems continued after the decision in 1949. A number of countries and aid societies operating on their territory still wanted to use national emblems or both red cross and red crescent emblems at the same time. By the 1990s, there were also concerns about respect for the neutrality of the Red Cross and Red Crescent in several complex armed conflicts. In 1992, the president of the ICRC made a public call for an additional emblem, devoid of any national, political or religious connotations.

international Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent of 1999 supported the proposal to form a joint working group of representatives of States and National Societies to develop a comprehensive and long-term solution to the issue of the emblem, acceptable to all parties in both content and procedural terms

The Working Group has come to understand that the history of most States and National Societies is inextricably linked with the use of the red cross and red crescent emblems. Thus, the only solution that would suit all parties was the adoption of a third additional emblem, devoid of national, political or religious connotations.

The design of the new emblem was to allow the National Societies using it to:

place a red cross or red crescent in the center of the new emblem;

place both the red cross and the red crescent in the center of the new emblem;

place in the center of the new emblem any other symbol that is used by the National Society and has been transferred to the Depositary State of the Geneva Conventions and the ICRC.

In December 2005, during the Diplomatic Conference in Geneva, the states adopted the Third Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions, which regulates the use of an additional emblem along with the emblems of the red cross and red crescent. The new emblem, known as the Red Crystal Emblem, solves several problems that the Movement has faced over the years. Among them:

the possibility for countries not wishing to adopt the red cross or red crescent emblem to join the Movement and become full members by using the red crystal emblem;

the ability to use the red cross and red crescent at the same time.

In June 2006, an International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent was convened in Geneva to amend the Movement's charter by adopting a new additional emblem.

On January 14, 2007, the Third Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 entered into force (six months after the first two countries ratified it). This completed the process of creating an additional emblem for use by governments and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the largest humanitarian community in the world. Its purpose is to alleviate human suffering, protect human life and health and uphold human dignity, especially in times of armed conflict and other emergencies. The movement operates in all countries of the world and is supported by millions of volunteers.

The three components of the International Movement are:

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

189 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).

Our Movement sees its mission in preventing or reducing the suffering of a person, wherever he is. Our Fundamental Principles guide us in this mission.

National Societies embody the work and principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in 189 countries. National Societies act as assistants to the public authorities of their countries in the humanitarian field and provide wide range services, including natural disasters, health and social programs. In times of war, National Societies provide relief to affected civilians and medical services to the army (when appropriate).

The ICRC is an impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence and to provide them with assistance. The ICRC promotes international humanitarian law and also draws attention to universal humanitarian principles. As depositary of the Geneva Conventions, the ICRC has a permanent mandate under international law to visit places of detention, organize rescue operations, reunite separated families and carry out other humanitarian activities in times of armed conflict.

The Federation is a Global Humanitarian Organization that coordinates and directs international assistance to victims of natural and man-made disasters in non-conflict situations. The Federation provides support to 189 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies that are members of the International Movement. Her operations for
assistance in combination with development issues, including programs for disaster preparedness, health and treatment activities, promotion of humanitarian values. In particular, he supports programs to reduce risks and control the spread of diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, avian influenza and malaria. The organization also works to combat discrimination and violence, and organizes assistance for migrants.