Permanent commission and international association for the improvement of labor. The International Labor Organization is

Design and interior 07.08.2019

Design and interior

international organization Labor (ILO)- a specialized agency of the United Nations, an international organization dealing with the regulation of labor relations. As of 2009, 182 states are members of the ILO. Since 1920, the headquarters of the Organization - International Bureau labor, located in Geneva.

Structure of the ILO

supreme body the ILO is international Conference Labor at which all ILO acts are adopted. The delegates of the International Conference are two representatives from the government and one each, respectively, from the most representative organizations of workers and employers of each participating State. The Governing Body of the ILO, also organized on a tripartite basis, is executive body ILO. The International Labor Office serves as the secretariat of the ILO. The ILO adopts Conventions and Recommendations on labor issues. In addition to conventions and recommendations, three declarations have been adopted: the 1944 ILO Philadelphia Declaration on the Aims and Purposes of the ILO (now incorporated into the ILO Constitution), the 1977 ILO Declaration on Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, and the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Rights and Principles in the sphere of labor. Conventions are subject to ratification by member countries and are international treaties binding upon ratification. Recommendations are not legally binding acts. Even if the state has not ratified a particular convention, it is bound by the fact of membership in the ILO and accession to its constitution according to the four fundamental principles in the world of work, enshrined in the ILO Declaration of 1998. These are the principles of freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining; prohibition of discrimination in labor relations; the eradication of forced labor; and the prohibition of child labor. These four principles are also devoted to eight ILO Conventions (respectively - Conventions No. 87 and 98; 100 and 111; 29 and 105; 138 and 182), called fundamental. These Conventions have been ratified by the vast majority of the world's states, and the ILO monitors their implementation with particular attention.

The ILO cannot enforce even ratified Conventions. However, there are mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Conventions and Recommendations by the ILO, the main essence of which is to investigate the circumstances of alleged violations of labor rights and give them international publicity in case of prolonged disregard of the ILO comments by the state party. This control is exercised by the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations, the Governing Body Committee on Freedom of Association and the Conference Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations.

In exceptional cases, in accordance with Article 33 of the ILO Constitution, the International Labor Conference may call on its members to exercise pressure on a state that is especially viciously violating international labor standards. In practice, this has only been done once, in 2001 against Myanmar, which for decades has been criticized for using forced labor and refusing to cooperate with the ILO on this issue. As a result, a number of states applied economic sanctions against Myanmar and it was forced to take a number of steps towards the ILO.

principles:

labor is not a commodity;
freedom of speech and freedom of association are a necessary condition for constant progress;
poverty anywhere is a threat to general well-being;
all human beings, regardless of race, creed or sex, have the right to enjoy their material and spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, economic stability and equal opportunity.

Methods of work and main areas of activity

The main goals of the ILO are to promote social and economic progress, improve the welfare and working conditions of people, and protect human rights.

Based on these goals, the main tasks of the ILO are

development of a coordinated policy and programs aimed at solving social and labor problems
development and adoption of international labor standards in the form of conventions and recommendations and control over their implementation
assistance to participating countries in solving problems of employment, reducing unemployment and managing migration
protection of human rights (rights to work, association, collective bargaining, protection from forced labor, discrimination, etc.)
the fight against poverty, for the improvement of the living standards of workers, the development of social security
promotion of vocational training and retraining of employed and unemployed
development and implementation of programs in the field of improving working conditions and the working environment, occupational safety and health, safety and recovery environment
assistance to organizations of workers and entrepreneurs in their work together with governments on the regulation of social and labor relations
development and implementation of measures to protect the most vulnerable groups of workers (women, youth, the elderly, migrant workers).

In its work, the ILO uses various methods. Of these, four main ones can be distinguished: 1. development of social partnership between governments, organizations of workers and entrepreneurs (tripartism) 2. development and adoption of international labor standards: conventions and recommendations and control over their use (standard-setting activities) 3. assistance to countries in addressing social - labor problems. In the ILO this is called technical cooperation 4. research and publication on social and labor issues. Tripartism is the main method of work of the ILO, its distinguishing feature from all international organizations. The solution of all social and labor problems can be successful only as a result of coordinated actions of governments, workers and entrepreneurs.

History of the creation and development of the ILO

Structure and constitution of the ILO, conventions and methods of work of the ILO

Section 1. History of the creation of the ILO.

Section 2. Reasons for the formation of the ILO

Section 3 Structure of the ILO.

Section 4 Constitution of the ILO.

Section 5. Rules of Procedure of the International Labor Conference.

Section 6 ILO Conventions

Section 7. Methods of work and main areas of activity

Section 8 Member States of the ILO.

Section 9 General DirectorsILO.

this is

International Labor Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the UN system, which aims to promote the principles of social justice, internationally recognized human rights and rights at work.

This is a specialized agency of the United Nations, an international organization dealing with the regulation of labor relations.

The International Labour Organization(ILO, English International Labor Organization, ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, an international organization dealing with the regulation of labor relations. For 2012, 185 states are members of the ILO. Since 1920, the headquarters of the Organization - the International Labor Office, is located in Geneva.

The International Labour Organization - it is one of the oldest and largest international organizations dealing with the regulation of labor relations.

The International Labour Organization - It is an intergovernmental organization established in 1919 that later became a specialized agency of the United Nations. The ILO is one of the most consistent organizations dealing with workers' rights and labor regulation.

The International Labour Organization - it is one of the agencies of the United Nations system. Its activities are aimed at empowering women and men to obtain decent and productive employment in conditions of freedom, justice, social security and respect for human dignity. The main goals of the Organization are to promote the protection of labor rights, the expansion of decent employment opportunities, the strengthening of social protection and the development of dialogue on issues related to the world of work.

The International Labour Organization - it is the only "tripartite" United Nations agency in which government, employer and worker representatives jointly shape its policies and programs.

The International Labour Organization - this is international body which is responsible for the development and implementation of international labor standards.

The International Labour Organization - is a specialized agency of the United Nations, which, according to the Charter, is called upon to promote the establishment of universal and lasting peace based on social justice by improving working conditions (regulation of working hours, combating unemployment, protection of workers from occupational diseases and industrial accidents, protection of children, adolescents and women, equal pay, salary guarantee, organization of vocational training, etc.).

The International Labour Organization -

History of creation, development and tasks of the ILO

The ILO was created in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I to reflect the view that a general and lasting peace could only be achieved if it was based on social justice.

The founders of the ILO strongly advocated the creation of humane working conditions, against injustice, deprivation and poverty. In 1944, during the second period of crisis in world history, the members of the ILO reaffirmed these goals by adopting the Declaration of Philadelphia; it proclaims that labor is not a commodity and defines fundamental human and economic rights based on the principle that "poverty anywhere is a threat to the general welfare".

The constitution was drafted between January and April, 1919 by a labor commission set up by a peace conference that first met in Paris and then at Versailles. The Commission, chaired by Samuel, Chairman of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in the United States, consists of representatives from nine countries:

Belgium, Cuba, Czechoslovakia,

France, Italy, Japan,

Poland, United Kingdom, United States.

This led to a tripartite organization of employers and employees in the executive branch. The constitution contains ideas tested by the International Labor Law Association, founded in Basel in 1901. The advocacy of the international labor organization began in the nineteenth century, led by two industrialists, Robert Owen (1771-1853) in Wales. The driving forces for the creation of the ILO were security, humanitarian, political and economic considerations. Summarizing them, the Preamble to the ILO Constitution states that the Contracting Parties were "moved by feelings of justice and humanity, and a desire to secure permanent world peace..." There was a keen awareness of the importance of social justice in securing peace, against the backdrop of the exploitation of workers in time. There was also a greater understanding of the world's economic interdependence and the need for cooperation to obtain similar working conditions in countries competing in the markets.

Reflecting these ideas, the preamble states:

While universal and lasting peace can only be established on the basis of social justice;

And while working conditions exist with such hardships of injustice and deprivation for a large number people to produce disturbances so great that peace and harmony throughout the world are endangered, and the improvement of these conditions is urgently needed;

Considering also the failure of any country to provide workers with human working conditions, it is an obstacle for other peoples who want to improve the situation of workers in their countries.

To improve the work in the preamble remain relevant today, for example:

Regulation of working hours, including the establishment of a maximum working day and week;

Regulation of labor resources, prevention of unemployment and provision of an adequate living wage;

Protecting workers from sickness, illness and injury arising from his work;

Protection of children, adolescents and women;

Provision for old age and injuries, protecting the interests of workers working in countries other than their own;

Recognition of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value;

Recognition of the principle of freedom of association;

Organization of vocational education, and other measures.

It was the first intergovernmental organization-commission to develop conventions and recommendations on labor legislation, promoting socio-economic progress, improving the welfare and working conditions of people, and protecting human rights.

Reasons for the formation of the ILO

political reason.

The first reason for the creation of the ILO was the revolution in Russia and a number of other European countries. In order to resolve the contradictions that arise in society in an explosive, violent, revolutionary way, the organizers of the ILO decided to create an international organization designed to promote social progress worldwide, establish and maintain social peace between different strata of society, and help resolve emerging social problems in an evolutionary peaceful way.

social reason.

The working and living conditions of the workers were difficult and unacceptable. They were subjected to cruel exploitation, their social protection was practically absent. social development significantly lagged behind the economic, which hindered the development of society.

economic reason.

The desire of individual countries to improve the situation of workers caused an increase in costs, an increase in the cost of production, which made it difficult to compete and required the solution of social problems in most countries. The Preamble notes that "the failure of any country to provide workers with human conditions of work is an obstacle to other peoples who wish to improve the condition of workers in their countries."

Structure of the ILO and its founding documents

A distinctive feature of the ILO is its tripartite structure, within which negotiations take place between governments, workers' and employers' organizations. The delegates of these three groups are represented and confer on an equal footing at all levels of the Organization.

The Governing Body of the ILO, also organized on a tripartite basis, is the executive body of the ILO.

The International Labor Office serves as the secretariat of the ILO. The ILO adopts Conventions and Recommendations on labor issues. In addition to conventions and recommendations, three declarations have been adopted: the 1944 ILO Philadelphia Declaration on the Aims and Purposes of the ILO (now incorporated into the ILO Constitution), the 1977 ILO Declaration on Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, and the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Rights and Principles in the sphere of labor. Conventions are subject to ratification by member countries and are international treaties that are binding upon ratification.

Recommendations are not legally binding acts. Even if a state has not ratified a particular convention, it is bound by the fact of membership of the ILO and acceding to its constitution on the four fundamental principles in the world of work, enshrined in the ILO Declaration of 1998.

These are the principles of freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining; prohibition of discrimination in labor relations; the eradication of forced labor; and the prohibition of child labor. These four principles are also devoted to eight ILO Conventions (respectively - Conventions No. 87 and 98; 100 and 111; 29 and 105; 138 and 182), called fundamental. These Conventions have been ratified by the vast majority of the world's states, and the ILO monitors their implementation with particular attention.

The ILO cannot enforce even ratified Conventions. However, there are mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Conventions and Recommendations by the ILO, the main essence of which is to investigate the circumstances of violations of labor rights and give them international publicity in the event of a prolonged disregard for the ILO's comments by the state party. This control is exercised by the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations, the Governing Body Committee on Freedom of Association and the Conference Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations.

In exceptional cases, in accordance with Article 33 of the ILO Constitution, the International Labor Conference may call on its members to exercise pressure on a state that is especially viciously violating international labor standards. In practice, this has only been done once, in 2001 against Myanmar, which has been criticized for decades for using forced labor and refusing to cooperate with the ILO on this issue. As a result, a number of states applied economic sanctions against Myanmar, and it was forced to take a number of steps towards the ILO.

ILO constitution

ILO Declaration of Philadelphia.

In 1944, at a session in Philadelphia (USA), the International Labor Conference adopted the Declaration of Philadelphia, which specifies the goals and objectives of the Organization.

The Declaration embodies the following principles:

labor is not a commodity;

freedom of speech and freedom of association are a necessary condition for constant progress;

poverty anywhere is a threat to general well-being;

all human beings, regardless of race, creed or sex, have the right to enjoy their material and spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, economic stability and equal opportunity.

Rules of the International Labor Conference

International Labor Conference ILC.

The conference is a worldwide forum for discussing common labor and social issues and international labor standards; it determines the general policy of the Organization. Every two years, the Conference adopts a two-year program of work and budget for the ILO, which is based on contributions from member countries.

Administrative Council.

The Governing Body is the executive body of the ILO. He directs the work of the Organization between sessions of the General Conference and determines the procedure for the implementation of its decisions. Three sessions of the Administrative Council are held annually - in March, June and November.

The Governing Body consists of 56 members (28 government representatives, 14 employers and 14 workers) and 66 deputies (28 governments, 19 employers and 19 workers). Ten seats of the members of the Administrative Council representing governments are reserved on a permanent basis for representatives of the governments of the leading countries of the world:

Brazil, UK, Germany,

India, Italy, China,

Russian Federation, USA, France and Japan.

The remaining members of the Council, representing the governments of other states, are re-elected by the Conference on a rotational basis every three years.

ILO International Labor Office

The International Labor Office in Geneva is the ILO's permanent secretariat, operational headquarters, research and publishing centre. The Bureau prepares documents and reports that are used during conferences and meetings of the Organization (for example, the General Report of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Standards, reports of the Governing Body and its committees, etc.). The Bureau also administers the technical cooperation programs that support the ILO's standard-setting activities.

The Bureau has a department responsible for all matters relating to international labor standards, as well as departments responsible for the activities of employers and workers. Administration and management issues are decentralized and transferred to the regional and sub-regional level and to representations in individual countries.

bureau led by CEO, which is elected for a five-year term with the right to re-election, employs about 2,500 staff and experts, based in Geneva and in more than 40 offices around the world. Regional meetings of ILO member states are regularly held to discuss issues of particular interest to the region.

The Governing Body and the International Bureau are assisted in their activities by tripartite committees covering the main branches of industry, as well as committees of experts on issues, vocational training, management development, labor protection, labor relations, vocational training, as well as special problems of certain categories of workers (youth, disabled people) .

International Labor Conference:

Reminds:

That by freely joining the International Labor Organization, all Member States have recognized the principles and rights enshrined in the Constitution and in the Declaration of Philadelphia, and have pledged themselves to achieve all the purposes of the Organization, using all the means at their disposal and with full regard for their inherent characteristics;

that these principles and rights have been expressed and developed in the form of specific rights and obligations in the Conventions, recognized as fundamental both within the Organization itself and outside it.

Declares that all Member States, even if they have not ratified the said Conventions, have an obligation, arising from the very fact of their membership in the Organization, to observe, promote and put into practice in good faith, in accordance with the Charter, the principles relating to the fundamental rights which are the subject of these Conventions, namely:

freedom of association and effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining;

the abolition of all forms of forced or compulsory labor;

the effective prohibition of child labor;

and non-discrimination in employment and occupation.

Decides that, in order to ensure the full implementation of this Declaration, a mechanism facilitating its implementation, reliable and effective, will be applied in accordance with the measures listed in the following annex, which is an integral part of this Declaration.

ILO conventions

No. 1 Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, 1919

No. 2 Unemployment Convention, 1919

No. 3 Maternity Protection Convention, 1919

No. 4 Night Work Convention, 1919

No. 5 Minimum Age Convention, 1919 for Admission to Industry

No. 6 Night Work of Young Persons (Industry) Convention, 1919

No. 7 Minimum Age Convention, 1920 for Work at Sea

No. 8 Shipwrecked Unemployment Benefits Convention, 1920

No. 9 Seafarers' Employment Convention, 1920

No. 10 Minimum Age Convention, 1921 agriculture

No. 11 Convention on the Right of Association in Agriculture, 1921

No. 12 Agricultural Injury Compensation Convention, 1921

No. 13 White Lead (Painting) Convention, 1921

No. 14 Weekly Rest (Industry) Convention, 1921

No. 15 Minimum Age Convention, 1921 for Coalmen and Stokers in the Navy

No. 16 Convention, 1921 on medical examination teenagers on board ships

No. 17 Compensation for Workers' Compensation for Accidents at Work Convention, 1925

No. 18 Occupational Diseases Convention, 1925

No. 19 Equality of Treatment (Indemnity) Convention, 1925

No. 20 Night Work in Bakeries Convention, 1925

No. 21 Inspection of Emigrants Convention, 1926

No. 22 Seafarers' Contracts of Employment Convention, 1926

No. 23 Repatriation of Seafarers Convention, 1926

No. 24 Sickness Insurance (Industry) Convention, 1927

No. 25 Agricultural Workers' Sickness Insurance Convention, 1927

No. 26 Convention of 1928 on the procedure for fixing the minimum wages

No. 27 Convention, 1929, concerning the indication of the weight of goods carried in ships

No. 28 Convention for the Protection of Dockers against Accidents, 1929

No. 29 Forced Labor Convention, 1930

No. 30 Hours of Work (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1930

No. 31 Hours of Work (Coal Mines) Convention, 1931

No. 32 The Protection of Dockers against Accidental Accidents Convention (Revised), 1932

No. 33 Minimum Age Convention, 1932 in Non-Industrial Occupations

No. 34 Convention of 1933 on paid employment offices.

Working methods and main areas of work of the ILO

The main goals of the ILO are to promote social and economic progress, improve the welfare and working conditions of people, and protect human rights.

Based on these goals, the main tasks of the ILO are

development of a coordinated policy and programs aimed at solving social and labor problems;

development and adoption of international labor standards in the form of conventions and recommendations;

assistance to participating countries in solving the problems of employment, reducing unemployment and regulating migration;

protection of human rights (rights to work, to association, collective bargaining, protection from forced labor, discrimination, etc.);

the fight against poverty, for the improvement of the living standards of the working people, the development of social security;

assistance in vocational training and retraining of employed and unemployed;

development and implementation of programs in the field of improving working conditions and the working environment, occupational safety and health, protection and restoration of the environment;

assistance to organizations of workers and entrepreneurs in their work together with governments on the regulation of social and labor relations;

development and implementation of measures to protect the most vulnerable groups of workers (women, youth, the elderly, migrant workers).

The ILO uses a variety of methods in its work. Of these, four main ones can be distinguished:

development of social partnership between governments, organizations of workers and entrepreneurs;

development and adoption of international labor standards: conventions and recommendations;

assistance to countries in solving social and labor problems.

In the International Labor Organization this is called technical cooperation.

Tripartism is the main method of work of the ILO, its distinguishing feature from all international organizations. The solution of all social and labor problems can be successful only as a result of coordinated actions of governments, workers and entrepreneurs.

Hungary, Venezuela, Vietnam

Gabon, Haiti, Guyana, Gambia, Ghana,

Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Germany, Honduras, Grenada, Greece, Georgia

Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic

Egypt, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Israel, India, Indonesia, Jordan,

Iraq, Islamic Republic Iran, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Yemen

Cape Verde, Kazakhstan, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,

Qatar, Kenya, Cyprus, Kiribati, China, Columbia,

Comoros, Congo, Korea, Republic, Costa Rica,

Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan.

Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia,

Lesotho, Liberia, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Lithuania, Luxembourg

Mauritius, Mauritania, Madagascar, Malawi,

Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Morocco, Mexico, Mozambique, Moldova, Republic, Mongolia, Myanmar

Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Netherlands, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Norway

United United Arab Emirates, Oman

Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal

Russian Federation, Rwanda, Romania

Salvador, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,

swaziland, Seychelles, Senegal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,

Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Singapore, Syrian Arab Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, United Kingdom,

United States of America, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Sierra Leone.

Tajikistan, Thailand, Tanzania,

United Republic, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Turkey

Uganda, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Uruguay

Fiji, Philippines, Finland, France

Croatia, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Chile

Switzerland, Sweden, Sri Lanka

Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia

Yugoslavia, Republic of South Africa

Developments

1818. At the Congress of the Holy Alliance in Germany, the English industrialist Robert Owen insists on the introduction of provisions for the protection of workers and the creation of a commission on social issues.

1831-1834. Two uprisings of weavers in the silk mills in Lyon were brutally suppressed.

1864. The 1st International "International Association of Workers" is founded in London

1866. Congress of the 1st International demands the adoption of international labor legislation.

1867. Publication of the first volume of Karl Marx's Capital.

1833-1891. Adoption in Germany of the first social legislation in Europe.

1889 The 2nd Workers' International is founded in Paris.

1890. Representatives of 14 countries at a meeting in Berlin put forward proposals that will affect the national labor legislation of a number of countries.

1900. At a conference in Paris, the first association for the protection of workers was created.

1906. At a conference in Bern, two international conventions are adopted - on limiting the use of toxic white phosphorus in the production of matches and on the prohibition of women's night work.

1919. Birth of the ILO. The First International Labor Conference adopts six conventions, the first establishes an 8-hour working day and a 48-hour working week.

1927 The first session of the Committee of Experts on the Application of the Conventions takes place.

1930. Convention for the gradual abolition of forced and compulsory labor is adopted.

1944. Declaration of Philadelphia reaffirms the basic objectives of the ILO.

1946. The ILO becomes the first specialized agency associated with the UN.

1969. The ILO was awarded Nobel Prize peace.

2002. The World Day against Child Labor is established.

Sources

Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, WikiPedia

ilo.org - Official website of the ILO

calend.ru - Calendar of events

academic.ru - Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

un.org - Declarations

http://www.ilo.org/

The International Labour Organization (ILO, English International Labor Organization, ILO listen)) - a specialized agency of the United Nations, an international organization dealing with the regulation of labor relations. For 2012, 185 states are members of the ILO. Since 1920, the headquarters of the Organization, the International Labor Office, has been located in Geneva. The office of the Subregional Office for Eastern Europe and Central Asia is located in Moscow.

History of creation, development and tasks of the ILO

The International Labor Organization was established in 1919 on the basis of the Treaty of Versailles as a structural division of the League of Nations. It was founded on the initiative and with the active participation of Western social democracy. The ILO's constitution was drafted by the Peace Conference's Labor Commission and became part of the XIII Treaty of Versailles.

The first general director and one of the main initiators of the creation is the French politician Albert Thomas. The current CEO is Guy Ryder. In 1934, the USA and the USSR became members of the ILO. In 1940, due to the Second World War, the headquarters of the ILO is temporarily moved to Montreal, Canada. As a result, the continuity of the Organization's activities was maintained. In 1940, the USSR suspended its membership in the ILO, and resumed it in 1954. Since that time, Belarus and Ukraine have become members of the ILO.

The goals and objectives of the ILO are proclaimed in its Constitution. The activity of the ILO is built on the basis of a tripartite representation of workers, employers and governments - tripartism.

The ILO is one of the oldest and most representative international organizations. Established under the League of Nations, it survived the latter and since 1946 has become the first specialized agency of the UN. If at the time of its creation 42 states participated in it, then in 2000 there were 174 of them.

Reasons for the formation of the ILO

political reason

The first reason for the creation of the ILO was the revolution in Russia and a number of other European countries. In order to resolve the contradictions that arise in society in an explosive, violent, revolutionary way, the organizers of the ILO decided to create an international organization designed to promote social progress worldwide, establish and maintain social peace between different sectors of society, and help resolve emerging social problems in an evolutionary peaceful way.

social reason

The working and living conditions of the workers were difficult and unacceptable. They were subjected to cruel exploitation, their social protection was practically absent. Social development lagged far behind economic development, which hindered the development of society.

Economic reason

Structure of the ILO and its founding documents

The supreme body of the ILO is the International Labor Conference, which adopts all acts of the ILO. The delegates of the International Conference are two representatives from the government and one each, respectively, from the most representative organizations of workers and employers of each participating State. The Governing Body of the ILO, also organized on a tripartite basis, is the executive body of the ILO. The International Labor Office serves as the secretariat of the ILO. The ILO adopts Conventions and Recommendations on labor issues. In addition to conventions and recommendations, three declarations have been adopted: the 1944 ILO Philadelphia Declaration on the Aims and Purposes of the ILO (now incorporated into the ILO Constitution), the 1977 ILO Declaration on Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, and the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Rights and Principles in the sphere of labor. Conventions are subject to ratification by member countries and are international treaties that are binding upon ratification. Recommendations are not legally binding acts. Even if the state has not ratified a particular convention, it is bound by the fact of membership in the ILO and accession to its constitution according to the four fundamental principles in the world of work, enshrined in the ILO Declaration of 1998. These are the principles of freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining; prohibition of discrimination in labor relations; the eradication of forced labor; and the prohibition of child labor. These four principles are also devoted to eight ILO Conventions (respectively - Conventions No. 87 and 98; 100 and 111; 29 and 105; 138 and 182), called fundamental. These Conventions have been ratified by the vast majority of the world's states, and the ILO monitors their implementation with particular attention.

The texts of the ILO Conventions and Recommendations in Russian, English, French, Spanish, Chinese, German, Portuguese, Arabic are collected in the ILO database of international labor standards.

ILO constitution

ILO Declaration of Philadelphia

ILO conventions

No. 2 Unemployment Convention, 1919
No. 3 Maternity Protection Convention, 1919
No. 4 Night Work Convention, 1919
No. 5 Minimum Age Convention, 1919 for Admission to Industry
No. 6 Night Work of Young Persons (Industry) Convention, 1919
No. 7 Minimum Age Convention, 1920 for Work at Sea
No. 8 Shipwrecked Unemployment Benefits Convention, 1920
No. 9 Seafarers' Employment Convention, 1920
No. 10 Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921
No. 11 Convention on the Right of Association in Agriculture, 1921
No. 12 Agricultural Injury Compensation Convention, 1921
No. 13 White Lead (Painting) Convention, 1921
No. 14 Weekly Rest (Industry) Convention, 1921
No. 15 Minimum Age Convention, 1921 for Coalmen and Stokers in the Navy
No. 16 Medical Examination of Young Persons on Board (Ships) Convention, 1921
No. 17 Compensation for Workers' Compensation for Accidents at Work Convention, 1925
No. 18 Occupational Diseases Convention, 1925
No. 19 Equality of Treatment (Indemnity) Convention, 1925
No. 20 Night Work in Bakeries Convention, 1925
No. 21 Inspection of Emigrants Convention, 1926
No. 22 Seafarers' Contracts of Employment Convention, 1926
No. 23 Repatriation of Seafarers Convention, 1926
No. 24 Sickness Insurance (Industry) Convention, 1927
No. 25 Agricultural Workers' Sickness Insurance Convention, 1927
No. 26 Convention, 1928, concerning the procedure for fixing minimum wages
No. 27 Convention, 1929, concerning the indication of the weight of goods carried in ships
No. 28 Convention for the Protection of Dockers against Accidents, 1929
No. 29 Forced Labor Convention, 1930
No. 30 Hours of Work (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1930
No. 31 Hours of Work (Coal Mines) Convention, 1931
No. 32 The Protection of Dockers against Accidental Accidents Convention (Revised), 1932
No. 33 Minimum Age Convention, 1932 in Non-Industrial Occupations
No. 34 Recruitment Bureau Convention, 1933
No. 35 Old Age Insurance (Industry) Convention, 1933
No. 36 Agricultural Old Age Insurance Convention, 1933
No. 37 Industrial Insurance, etc., Convention, 1933
No. 38 Agricultural Disability Insurance Convention, 1933
No. 39 Industrial Survivor Insurance Convention, 1933
No. 40 Agricultural Survivor Insurance Convention, 1933
No. 41 Women's Night Work Convention (Revised), 1934
No. 42 Compensation for Occupational Diseases Convention (Revised), 1934
No. 43 Flat Glass Works Convention, 1934
No. 44 Unemployment Insurance Convention, 1934
No. 45 Underground Labor Convention, 1935
No. 46 Hours of Work (Revised) Convention, 1935 in Coal Mines
No. 47 Forty Hours Week Convention, 1935
No. 48 1935 Convention concerning the Maintenance of Migrants' Pension Rights
No. 49 Shortening of Working Hours (Glassworks) Convention, 1935
No. 50 The Recruitment of Indigenous Workers Convention, 1936
No. 51 Shortening of Hours of Work in Public Works Convention, 1936
No. 52 Holidays with Pay Convention, 1936
No. 53 Convention Concerning Certificates of Qualification of Officers of Merchant Ships, 1936
No. 54 Seafarers' Holidays with Pay Convention, 1936
No. 55 Convention Relating to the Obligations of Shipowners in Case of Sickness or Injury of Seafarers, 1936
No. 56 Sickness Insurance Convention, 1936
No. 57 Hours of Work on Board Ships and the Composition of the Crew Convention, 1936
No. 58 Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936
No. 59 Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937
No. 60 Minimum Age Convention (Revised), 1937 in Non-Industrial Occupations
No. 61 Shortening of Working Hours in the Textiles Convention, 1937
No. 62 Safety in Building Convention, 1937
No. 63 Wages and Hours Statistics Convention, 1938
No. 64 Indigenous Workers' Contracts Convention, 1939
No. 65 Indigenous Workers' Penal Sanctions Convention, 1939
No. 66 Migrant Workers Convention, 1939
No. 67 Hours of Work and Rest in Road Transport Convention, 1939
No. 68 Catering and Catering for Crews on Board Ships Convention, 1946
No. 69 Certification of Certificates of Qualification for Ship's Cooks Convention, 1946
No. 70 Social Security for Seafarers Convention, 1946
No. 71 Seafarers' Pension Convention, 1946
No. 72 Holidays with Pay Convention, 1946
No. 73 Medical Examination of Seafarers Convention, 1946
No. 74 Certification of Seamen's Convention, 1946
No. 75 Crew Accommodation Convention, 1946
No. 76 Wages, Hours of Work and Composition of Ships' Crew Convention, 1946
No. 77 Medical Examination of Young Persons (Industry) Convention, 1946
No. 78 Medical Examination of Young Persons in Non-Industrial Occupations Convention, 1946
No. 79 Night Work of Adolescents Convention, 1946, in Non-Industrial Occupations
No. 80 1946 Convention on the Revision of the Final Articles
No. 81 Labor Inspection Convention, 1947
No. 81 Protocol of 1995 to the Labor Inspection Convention, 1947
No. 82 Social Policy Convention 1947 in Non-Metropolitan Territories
No. 83 Non-Metropolitan Territories Convention, 1947
No. 84 Non-Metropolitan Territories Convention, 1947
No. 85 Non-Metropolitan Territories Labor Inspection Convention, 1947
No. 86 Indigenous Workers' Contracts Convention, 1947
No. 87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948
No. 88 Employment Service Convention, 1948
No. 89 Women's Night Work Convention (Revised), 1948
No. 90 Night Work (Industrial) Convention (Revised), 1948
No. 91 Holidays with Pay (Seafarers) Convention (Revised), 1949
No. 92 Crew Accommodation Convention (Revised), 1949
No. 93 Wages, Hours of Work and Composition of Ships' Crew Convention (Revised), 1949
No. 94 Labor Clauses in Public Contracts Convention, 1949
No. 95 Wages Protection Convention, 1949
No. 96 Pay Bureau Convention (Revised), 1949
No. 97 Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949
No. 98 The Right to Organize and Collectively Bargain Convention, 1949
No. 99 1951 Convention concerning the procedure for fixing minimum wages in agriculture
No. 100 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951
No. 101 Holidays with Pay (Agricultural) Convention, 1952
No. 102 Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952
No. 103 Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952
No. 104 Aboriginal Sanctions Convention, 1955
No. 105 Abolition of Forced Labor Convention, 1957
No. 106 Weekly Rest (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1957
No. 107 Indigenous and Other Tribal Populations Convention, 1957
No. 108 Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958
No. 109 Wages, Hours of Work and Composition of Ships' Crew Convention (Revised), 1958
No. 110 Plantation Convention, 1958
No. 111 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958
No. 112 Minimum Age Convention for Fishers, 1959
No. 113 Medical Examination of Fishers Convention, 1959
No. 114 Fishermen's Contracts of Employment Convention, 1959
No. 115 Radiation Protection Convention, 1960
No. 116 Revision of the Final Articles Convention, 1961
No. 117 Social Policy Convention, 1962
No. 118 Equality of Treatment (Social Security) Convention, 1962
No. 119 Protective Equipment Convention, 1963
No. 120 Hygiene in Commerce and Offices Convention, 1964
No. 121 Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964
No. 122 Employment Policy Convention, 1964
No. 123 Minimum Age Convention, 1965 for Underground Work
No. 124 Medical Examination of Young Persons for Underground Work Convention, 1965
No. 125 Fishers' Certificates Convention, 1966
No. 126 Fishermen's Accommodation Convention on Board Ships, 1966
No. 127 Maximum Cargo Convention, 1967
No. 128 Disability, Old Age and Survivors' Benefits Convention, 1967
No. 129 Labor Inspection (Agricultural) Convention, 1969
No. 130 Medical Assistance and Sickness Benefits Convention, 1969
No. 131 Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970
No. 132 Holidays with Pay Convention (Revised), 1970
No. 133 Crew Accommodation (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1970
No. 134 Accident Prevention (Seafarers) Convention, 1970
No. 135 Workers' Representatives Convention, 1971
No. 136 Benzene Convention, 1971
No. 137 Port Operations Convention, 1973
No. 138 Minimum Age Convention, 1973
No. 139 Convention, 1974 on professional cancer
No. 140 Paid Study Leave Convention, 1974
No. 141 Rural Workers' Organizations Convention, 1975
No. 142 Human Resources Development Convention, 1975
No. 143 Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975
No. 144 Tripartite Consultation (International Labor Standards) Convention, 1976
No. 145 Continuity of Employment Convention, 1976
No. 146 Holidays with Pay Convention, 1976
No. 147 Merchant Marine (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976
No. 148 Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977
No. 149 Nursing Personnel Convention, 1977
No. 150 Labor Administration Convention, 1978
No. 151 Labor Relations in the Public Service Convention, 1978
No. 152 Occupational Safety and Health (Port Operations) Convention, 1979
No. 153 Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1979
No. 154 Collective Bargaining Convention, 1981
No. 155 Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981
No. 156 Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention, 1981
No. 157 Maintenance of Social Security Rights Convention, 1982
No. 158 Termination of Employment Convention, 1982
No. 159 Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities Convention, 1983
No. 160 Labor Statistics Convention, 1985
No. 161 Occupational Health Services Convention, 1985
No. 162 Asbestos Convention, 1986
No. 163 Seafarers' Welfare Convention, 1987
No. 164 Seafarers' Health and Medical Care Convention, 1987
No. 165 Social Security (Seafarers) Convention (Revised), 1987
No. 166 Repatriation of Seafarers Convention (Revised), 1987
No. 167 Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988
No. 168 Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention, 1988
No. 169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
No. 170 Convention, 1990 on chemicals
No. 171 Night Work Convention, 1990
No. 172 Working Conditions (Hotels and Restaurants) Convention, 1991
No. 173 Protection of Workers' Claims Convention, 1992 in the Event of the Insolvency of Their Employer
No. 174 Major Industrial Accidents Convention, 1993
No. 175 Part-time Work Convention, 1994
No. 176 Safety and Health in Mines Convention, 1995
No. 177 Home Work Convention, 1996
No. 178 Seafarers' Labor Inspection Convention, 1996
No. 179 The Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers Convention, 1996
No. 180 Seafarers' Hours of Work and Manning of Ships Convention, 1996
No. 181 Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997
No. 182 The Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention, 1999
No. 183 Maternity Protection Convention, 2000
No. 184 Safety and Health in Agriculture Convention, 2001
No. 185 Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003
No. 186 Maritime Labor Convention, 2006
No. 187 Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006
No. 188 Work in the Fishing Sector Convention, 2007
No. 189 Domestic Workers Convention, 2011

Recommendation #1

Methods of work and main areas of activity

The main goals of the ILO are to promote social and economic progress, improve the welfare and working conditions of people, and protect human rights.

Based on these goals, the main tasks of the ILO are

development of a coordinated policy and programs aimed at solving social and labor problems
development and adoption of international labor standards in the form of conventions and recommendations and control over their implementation
assistance to participating countries in solving problems of employment, reducing unemployment and managing migration
protection of human rights (rights to work, association, collective bargaining, protection from forced labor, discrimination, etc.)
the fight against poverty, for the improvement of the living standards of workers, the development of social security
promotion of vocational training and retraining of employed and unemployed
development and implementation of programs in the field of improving working conditions and the working environment, occupational safety and health, protection and restoration of the environment
assistance to organizations of workers and entrepreneurs in their work together with governments on the regulation of social and labor relations
development and implementation of measures to protect the most vulnerable groups of workers (women, youth, the elderly, migrant workers).

The ILO uses a variety of methods in its work. Of these, four main ones can be distinguished: 1. development of social partnership between governments, organizations of workers and entrepreneurs (tripartism) 2. development and adoption of international labor standards: conventions and recommendations and control over their use (standard-setting activities) 3. assistance to countries in addressing social - labor problems. In the ILO this is called technical cooperation 4. research and publication on social and labor issues. Tripartism is the main method of work of the ILO, its distinguishing feature from all international organizations. The solution of all social and labor problems can be successful only as a result of coordinated actions of governments, workers and entrepreneurs.

Member States of the ILO

Australia Austria Azerbaijan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Afghanistan Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Bahrain Belarus Belize Belgium Benin Bulgaria Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Burkina Faso Burundi Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Hungary Venezuela Viet Nam Gabon Haiti Guyana Gambia Ghana Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Germany Honduras Grenada Greece Georgia Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Egypt Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe Israel India Indonesia Jordan Iraq Islamic Republic of Iran Ireland Iceland Spain Italy Yemen Cape Verde Kazakhstan Cambodia Cameroon Canada Qatar Kenya Cyprus Kiribati China Colombia Comoros Congo Korea, Republic of Costa Rica Cat d'Ivoire Cuba Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lesotho Liberia Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Mauritius Mauritania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Morocco Mexico Mozambique Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Myanmar Namibia Nepal Niger Nigeria Netherlands Nicaragua New Zealand Norway United Arab Emirates Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Poland Portugal Russian Federation Rwanda Romania El Salvador San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Swaziland Seychelles Senegal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Christopher and Nevis Saint Lucia Singapore Syrian Arab Republic Slovakia Slovenia United Kingdom United States of America Solomon Islands Somalia Sudan Suriname Sierra Leone Tajikistan Thailand Tanzania, United Republic of Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkmenistan Turkey Uganda Uzbekistan Ukraine Uruguay Fiji Philippines Finland France Croatia Central African Republic of Chad Czech Republic Chile Switzerland Sweden Sri Lanka Ecuador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Yugoslavia South Africa Jamaica Japan

Cooperation between Russia and the ILO

Membership in the ILO - one of the oldest and leading international organizations - allows Russia to study and apply the international practice of settling social and labor disputes, develop social partnership (government - trade unions - entrepreneurs), use the ILO recommendations to improve and regulate the labor market. Participation in the activities of the ILO helps to develop norms of labor legislation based on world experience, promotes the development of entrepreneurship, including small enterprises, and the solution of employment problems.

The interaction of the Russian Federation with the ILO is carried out in accordance with the regularly signed Cooperation Programs that determine its main directions.

The ILO provides Russia with advisory assistance in carrying out peer review social and labor legislation, putting into practice the concept of social partnership, a modular system for training workers in production, improving the employment service, social protection and pensions, developing a new classifier of professions, developing labor statistics.

An important step towards bringing our legislation closer to international legal norms was the signing on February 8, 2003 by the President of the Russian Federation of the Federal Law “On Ratification of the Convention on the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (Convention No. 182)”. With the adoption of this law, Russia became a party to all eight fundamental ILO conventions regulating the sphere of social and labor relations.

Since 1959, an ILO branch has been operating in Moscow. In the early 90s. it was transformed into a regional bureau for the CIS countries. In September 1997, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Organization signed an Agreement on the ILO Office in Moscow, providing for the formation on its basis of a multidisciplinary group of experts to assist in solving social and labor problems. The Bureau's activities cover 9 CIS countries (except for Ukraine and Moldova).

Giving the ILO Moscow Office regional functions is essential for Russia practical value, since this status allows it to be more widely and with greater autonomy in the organization of specific technical assistance projects Russian regions to more effectively coordinate ILO activities in Russia and the CIS countries. Russia actively participates in the work of the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization, set up on the initiative of the ILO in 2002 (member of the Commission from Russia - V. I. Matvienko). In September 2004, a meeting of the National Round Table was held in St. Petersburg, which was attended by representatives of business circles, labor protection organizations, government agencies, legislative authorities and public organizations. This forum was timed to coincide with the publication of the report of the World Commission "A Fair Globalization: Creating Opportunities for All".

The Russian Foreign Ministry, being responsible for the foreign policy aspects of our country's interaction with the ILO, coordinates the work of Russian departments and public organizations in this area. Representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Health and Social Development, the Coordinating Council of Employers' Associations of Russia and the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia participate in the work of the governing bodies of the ILO, in conferences on topical issues of labor and socio-economic policy held in Russia by the Moscow Office of the ILO.

Regular contacts are maintained with the leadership of the ILO. In 2002, the Director General of the International Labor Office (ILO) J. Somavia paid an official visit to Moscow, during which, in particular, he met with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia I. S. Ivanov. Of particular importance was the meeting of H. Somavia with the Deputy Minister of Health and Social Development A. Yu. Levitskaya in Geneva during the 95th session of the ILC (June 2006). During this meeting, a Cooperation Program was signed between Russian Federation and the ILO for 2006-2009, which included such areas as improving legislation, developing social dialogue, addressing issues of illegal migration, etc. Within the framework of this program, in May 2007, the State Duma Committee on Labor and social policy headed by the Chairman of the Committee A. K. Isaev.

The organization assisted in the preparation of the G8 Labor Ministerial Meeting in Moscow in October 2006. Among other things, an Office briefing paper on Economic Growth and Decent Work: Strengthening the Linkage was prepared.

Russia is interested in using the legislative experience and research potential of the ILO in order to promote the implementation of Russian economic reforms. At the same time, it seems expedient to completely abandon the technical assistance of the ILO and get involved in participation in extrabudgetary financing of projects of interest to us, primarily in the CIS.

Russia closely follows the work of the ILO supervisory bodies and cooperates with them. In May-June 2005, in connection with the complaints received by Russian trade unions at meetings of the ILC Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations and the Administrative Council Committee on Freedom of Association, the situation with Russia's implementation of ILO Conventions No. 87 and 98 (on freedom of association and the right to conduct collective negotiations). The supervisory bodies of the ILO came to the conclusion that there are some problems with the practice of applying labor legislation in Russia and made a number of recommendations.

Currently, despite the generally favorable situation, a number of conventions remain, on the implementation of which Russia should provide timely reports in order to avoid bringing the discussion of these issues to a higher level. These conventions include the following:

The above-mentioned Nos. 87 and 98 (among the recommendations of the ILO - the need to lift the ban on strikes of workers in the postal and railway services, the provision of more complete information regarding the measures taken against persons guilty of discrimination against trade unions);

Convention No. 95 “On the protection of wages” (requires the implementation of constant monitoring and strengthening of criminal and administrative penalties for violations in this area);

Convention No. 182 “On the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor” (the need to take urgent measures to stop the sale of children and punish those responsible).

In addition, during the 300th session of the ILO Governing Council (November 2007), a complaint from the Federation of Maritime Transport Unions about non-compliance with Convention No. 179 on the recruitment and placement of seafarers was accepted.

Giving great importance control functions of the ILO, Russia at the same time proceeds from the fact that the consideration of such issues should be conducted as objectively as possible, without politicizing the discussion, in strict accordance with the mandate of the Organization and established procedures

ILO conventions ratified by Russia

Convention N 10 "On the minimum age for admission of children to work in agriculture" (1921);
Convention N 11 "On the right to organize and unite workers in agriculture" (1921);
Convention N 13 "On the use of white lead in painting" (1921);
Convention N 14 "On weekly rest at industrial enterprises" (1921);
Convention N 15 "On the minimum age for admission of adolescents to work as coal loaders or stokers in the fleet" (1921);
Convention N 16 "On compulsory medical examination of children and adolescents employed on board ships" (1921);
Convention No. 23 "On the Repatriation of Seafarers" (1926);
Convention N 27 "On the indication of the weight of heavy goods carried on ships" (1929);
Convention No. 29 "On Forced or Compulsory Labor" (1930);
Convention N 32 "On the Protection against Accidents of Workers Engaged in Loading or Unloading Ships" (1932);
Convention N 45 "On the use of women's labor in underground work in mines" (1935);
Convention N 47 "On the reduction of working hours to forty hours a week" (1935);
Convention N 52 "On annual holidays with pay" (1936);
Convention N 58 "On the minimum age for admission of children to work at sea" (1936);
Convention N 59 "On the minimum age for the admission of children to work in industry" (1937);
Convention N 60 "On the age of admission of children to non-industrial work" (1937);
Convention No. 69 “On the Issuance of Qualification Certificates to Ship's Cooks” (1946);
Convention N 73 "On Medical Examination of Seafarers" (1946);
Convention N 77 "On the medical examination of children and adolescents in order to determine their suitability for work in industry" (1946);
Convention N 78 "On the medical examination of children and adolescents in order to determine their suitability for work in non-industrial jobs" (1946);
Convention N 79 "On the limitation of night work of children and adolescents in non-industrial work" (1946);
Convention N 81 "On Labor Inspection in Industry and Commerce" (1947);
Convention N 87 "On freedom of association and protection of the right to organize" (1948);
Convention N 90 "On the night work of adolescents in industry" (revised in 1948);
Convention N 92 "On accommodation for crew on board ships" (revised in 1949);
Convention No. 95 "Regarding the Protection of Wages" (1949);
Convention N 98 "On the application of the principles of the right to organize and conduct collective bargaining" (1949);
Convention N 100 "On Equal Remuneration for Men and Women for Work of Equal Value" (1951);
Convention N 103 "On the protection of motherhood" (1952);
Convention N 105 "On the abolition of forced labor" (1957);
Convention N 106 "On weekly rest in trade and institutions" (1957);
Convention No. 108 "On National Identity Cards for Seafarers" (1958);
Convention N 111 "On Discrimination in the Field of Employment and Occupation" (1958);
Convention N 112 "On the minimum age for the employment of fishermen" (1959);
Convention N 113 "On Medical Examination of Fishermen" (1959);
Convention N 115 "On the Protection of Workers from Ionizing Radiation" (1960);
Convention N 116 "On partial revision of conventions" (1961);
Convention N 119 "On the supply of machines with protective devices" (1963);
Convention N 120 "On Occupational Health in Trade and Institutions" (1964);
Convention N 122 "On Employment Policy" (1964);
Convention N 123 "On the minimum age of admission to underground work in mines and mines" (1965);
Convention N 124 "On medical examination of young people in order to determine their suitability for work in underground work in mines and mines" (1965);
Convention N 126 "On accommodation for crew on board fishing vessels" (1966);
Holidays with Pay (Revised) Convention No. 132 (1970)
Convention N 133 “On accommodation for crew on board ships. Additional provisions "(1970);
Convention N 134 "On the prevention of industrial accidents among seafarers" (1970);
Convention N 137 "On the social consequences of new methods of cargo handling in ports" (1973);
Convention N 138 "On the minimum age for admission to work" (1973);
Convention N 139 "On the fight against the danger caused by carcinogenic substances and agents in working conditions, and preventive measures" (1974);
Convention N 142 "On vocational guidance and training in the field of human resources development" (1975);
Convention N 147 "On minimum standards on merchant ships" (1976);
Convention N 148 "On the Protection of Workers from Occupational Risk Caused by Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration at Workplaces" (1977);
Convention N 149 "On the employment and conditions of work and life of nursing personnel" (1977);
Convention N 150 "On the regulation of labor issues: the role, functions and organization" (1978);
Convention N 152 "On safety and health in port work" (1979);
Convention N 155 "On Safety and Health at Work and the Working Environment" (1981);
Convention No. 156 on Equal Treatment and Equal Opportunities for Men and Women Workers: Workers with Family Responsibilities (1981);
Convention N 159 "On vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities" (1983);
Convention N 160 "On labor statistics" (1985);
Convention N 162 "On labor protection when using asbestos" (1986);
Convention No. 173 for the Protection of the Claims of Workers in the Event of the Insolvency of the Employer (1992)
Convention No. 179 "On the Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers" (1996);
Convention N 182 "On the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor" (1999).
Convention No. 185 on Seafarers' Identity Documents
ILO Convention No. 187 on Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health (2006)

Directors-General of the ILO

Period	Director General of the ILO	Note
November - 7 May	Albert Thomas	France
July June	Harold Butler	Great Britain
June July	John Wynant	USA
July June	Edward Philan	Ireland
June - May	David Morse	USA
June 1 - October 9	Wilfred Jenks	Great Britain
October 9 - February 27	Francis Blanchard	France
February 27 - March 4	Michelle Hansenn	Belgium
March 4 - October 1	Juan Somavia	Chile
October 1 - present	Guy Ryder	Great Britain

Developments

. At the Congress of the Holy Alliance in Aachen, Germany, the English industrialist Robert Owen pushes for the introduction of provisions for the protection of workers and the creation of a commission on social issues.
- . Two uprisings of weavers in silk mills in Lyon were brutally suppressed.
1838 -1859. French industrialist Daniel Legrand picks up on Owen's ideas.
1864. The 1st International "International Association of Workers" is founded in London
1866. Congress of the 1st International demands the adoption of international labor legislation.
1867. Publication of the first volume of the work

1. Creation, development and tasks of the ILO

The ILO was founded in 1919. during the Versailles Peace Conference following World War I. It was founded on the initiative and with the active participation of Western social democracy. The ILO Charter was developed by the Labor Commission of the peace conference and became part of the XIII Treaty of Versailles. The need to create such an Organization was determined by at least three main reasons.

The first is political. The reason for the creation of the ILO was the revolution in Russia and a number of other European countries.

In order to prevent the resolution of contradictions arising in society in an explosive, violent, revolutionary way, the organizers of the ILO decided to create an international organization designed to promote social progress in every possible way, to establish and maintain social peace between different strata of society, to help resolve emerging social problems in an evolutionary peaceful way.

The second is social. The working and living conditions of the working people were difficult and unacceptable from a universal standpoint. They were brutally exploited. Their social protection was practically non-existent. Social development lagged behind economic development, which hampered the overall development of society.

The third is economic. The desire of individual countries to improve the situation of workers caused an increase in costs, an increase in the cost of production, which made it difficult to compete and required the solution of social problems in most, at least, developed countries.

The ILO is one of the oldest and most representative international organizations. Created under the League of Nations, it survived the latter and since 1946 has become the first specialized agency of the UN. If at the time of its creation 42 states participated in it, then in 2000 there were 174 of them.

A distinctive feature of the ILO is tripartism, its tripartite structure, within which negotiations are carried out between governments, organizations of workers and employers. The delegates of these three groups are represented and confer on an equal footing at all levels of the Organization. Decision-making presupposes mutual consideration of interests and the achievement of common agreements, although the coordination of various, and often opposing interests, is a complex and difficult matter.

The first International Labor Conference opened on October 29, 1919 in Washington. This date is considered the foundation of the ILO. This conference adopted the first six international conventions on labor, including working hours in industry, unemployment and others. The first established a limit on working hours in industrial enterprises to eight hours a day and forty-eight hours a week. The Unemployment Convention obliged the members of the organization to establish a system of public employment offices.

In 1920, the headquarters of the Organization - the International Labor Office (ILO) moved to Geneva. In 1926, international labor competition creates a mechanism for monitoring the application of conventions that is still in force today.

In 1934, the Soviet Union and the USA became members of the ILO. Such a coincidence was apparently no coincidence.

In 1940, in connection with the war in Europe, the headquarters of the ILO was temporarily transferred to Montreal (Canada). Thanks to this, the continuity of the organization's activities was maintained. In 1940, the USSR suspended its membership in the ILO and returned to it in 1954. Since that year, Ukraine and Belarus have become members of the ILO.

In 1944, as World War II drew to a close and the ILO was 25 years old, the International Labor Conference in Philadelphia set out the tasks of the ILO in the post-war era. It adopted the Philadelphia Declaration, which defined these tasks. The Declaration became an appendix and an integral part of the ILO Constitution. The leadership of the MBT invited the USSR to take part in this conference as a full member, but the government did not accept this invitation. In 1945 the MBT returned to Geneva.

By 1970, the number of member countries had doubled compared to 1948. With the advent of developing countries, the Organization became universal. Developing countries began to make up the majority in the ILO. The number of staff members of the Office has quadrupled during this time and the budget of the Organization has increased fivefold.

In 1969, in connection with the 50th anniversary of the ILO, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded.

The presence of socialist countries in the ILO led to great political contradictions and confrontation between groups of states. Many countries began to oppose US hegemonism in the Organization. In connection with this criticism and the admission to the ILO as an observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization, the United States withdrew from the ILO in 1977, but then, under the influence of its main Western partners, returned to it in 1980. After the collapse of the USSR and the formation of independent states on the basis of the union republics they all became members of the ILO.

The Office of the Office - this permanent secretariat of the ILO - is characterized by great constancy, which determines not only great experience and professionalism. but also conservatism. In all the years of the existence of the ILO, only eight directors-general have been replaced. The first was the Frenchman Albert Thomas, who did a lot to develop the organization and give it a certain authority. Play a big role in the development of the ILO! American David Morse, head of the MBT from 1948 to 1970. and the Frenchman Francis Blanchard, who was General Director from 1973 to 1989. All the time these posts were held by representatives of developed Western countries, and only in March 1999, a representative of the developing world, the Chilean Juan Somavia, was elected to this post.

The main goals of the ILO are to promote social and economic progress, improve the well-being and improve the working conditions of people, and protect human rights.

Based on these goals, the main tasks of the ILO are:

Development of a coordinated policy and programs aimed at solving social and labor problems;

Development and adoption of international labor standards in the form of conventions and recommendations and control over their implementation;

Assistance to participating countries in solving problems of employment, reducing unemployment and regulating migration;

Protection of human rights (rights to work, association, collective bargaining, protection from forced labor, discrimination, etc.);

The fight against poverty, for the improvement of the living standards of workers, the development of social security;

Assistance in vocational training and retraining of employed and unemployed;

Development and implementation of programs in the field of improving working conditions and the working environment, occupational safety and health, protection and restoration of the environment;

Assistance to organizations of workers and entrepreneurs in their work together with governments to regulate social and labor relations;

Development and implementation of measures to protect the most vulnerable groups of workers (women, youth, the elderly, migrant workers).

These tasks have been and remain the main ones in the activities of the ILO. At the same time, in connection with the transition of the countries of Eastern Europe to market relations, the ILO has also identified new priorities. This is support for the process of democratization, the development of tripartism, the continuation of the fight against poverty, especially by increasing employment.

The new tasks of the ILO are also related to the globalization of the economy, the social aspect of which creates concern for the whole society.

During the existence of the socialist system, the ILO had to deal with a lot of ideological problems associated with the confrontation between the two social systems. Now the focus of the Organization should be directed to solving social problems on the basis of tripartism. At the 75th Anniversary Session of the International Labor Conference (1994), the Director-General's report "The Values We Defend, the Change We Seek" stated that "the collapse of the communist bloc has profoundly affected the life of our Organization, as well as on the process of world development”. Now, to an even greater extent, the report points out, attention must be paid to overcoming the tension that has always existed and will continue to exist between workers and employers, as they need to reconcile their conflicting demands regarding employment and the world of work, production and income distribution. In this regard, the task was set to “continuously and everywhere develop social dialogue, collective bargaining, a sense of compromise”, to make “additional efforts to ensure genuine recognition of the principle of sinfulness throughout the world” 1 . At the same time, I emphasize the role of the state, which, acting either as a regulator, or as an arbiter, or as a mediator in negotiations, often plays a decisive role in the successful conduct of social dialogue and collective bargaining. But, as the Director-General of the Office noted, although the end of the Cold War brought about a number of positive results, "these positive changes at the same time pushed the social goals of economic growth into the background" 2 . According to some trade union leaders, with the collapse of the bloc of socialist states, the attack of capital on labor in the world and in the ILO intensified.

The tasks of the ILO are concretely embodied in the programs of its activities. The report at the 87th session of the International Labor Conference in June 1999 spoke of the need to start a new century with a transition from 39 major programs to four strategic objectives, which was already reflected in the budget for 2000-2001, but more on this in § 4 .

History of creation, development and tasks of the ILO

Reasons for the formation of the ILO

political reason

The first reason for the creation of the ILO was the revolution in Russia and a number of other European countries. In order to counteract the spontaneous resolution of contradictions that arise in society in an explosive, violent, revolutionary way, the organizers of the ILO decided to create an international organization designed to promote social progress worldwide, establish and maintain social peace between different sectors of society, and contribute to the resolution of emerging social problems in an evolutionary peaceful way.

social reason

The working and living conditions of workers at the beginning of the 20th century were difficult and unacceptable. They were subjected to cruel exploitation, their social protection was practically absent. Social development lagged far behind economic development, which hindered the development of society.

Economic reason

The desire of individual countries to improve the situation of workers caused an increase in costs, an increase in the cost of production, which required the resolution of contradictions in labor relations between the state, employers and workers in most countries. The Preamble notes that "the failure of any country to provide workers with human conditions of work is an obstacle to other peoples who wish to improve the condition of workers in their countries."

Structure of the ILO and its founding documents

The ILO adopts Conventions and Recommendations on labor issues. In addition to conventions and recommendations, three declarations have been adopted: the 1944 ILO Philadelphia Declaration on the Aims and Purposes of the ILO (now incorporated into the ILO Constitution), the 1977 ILO Declaration on Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, and the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Rights and Principles in the sphere of labor.

Conventions are subject to ratification by member countries and are international treaties that are binding upon ratification. Recommendations are not legally binding acts. Even if the state has not ratified a particular convention, it is bound by the fact of membership in the ILO and accession to its constitution according to the four fundamental principles in the world of work, enshrined in the ILO Declaration of 1998. These are the principles of freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining; prohibition of discrimination in labor relations; the eradication of forced labor; and the prohibition of child labor. These four principles are also devoted to eight ILO Conventions (respectively - Conventions No. 87 and 98; 100 and 111; 29 and 105; 138 and 182), called fundamental. These Conventions have been ratified by the vast majority of the world's states, and the ILO monitors their implementation with particular attention.

The texts of the ILO Conventions and Recommendations in Russian, English, French, Spanish, Chinese, German, Portuguese, Arabic are collected in the ILO database of international labor standards.

In exceptional cases, in accordance with Article 33 of the ILO Constitution, the International Labor Conference may call on its members to exercise pressure on a state that is especially viciously violating international labor standards. In practice, this has only been done once, in 2001 in relation to Myanmar, which has been criticized for decades for using forced labor and refusing to cooperate with the ILO on this issue. As a result, a number of states applied economic sanctions against Myanmar and it was forced to take a number of steps towards the ILO.

ILO constitution

The original text of the Charter, drawn up in 1919, was amended by an amendment in 1922, which came into force on June 4, 1934; the Amendment Act of 1945, effective September 26, 1946; the Amendment Act of 1946, which came into force on April 20, 1948; The Amendment Act 1953, effective May 20, 1954; the Amendment Act 1962, effective May 22, 1963; and the Amendment Act, 1972, effective November 1, 1974.

ILO Declaration of Philadelphia

ILO conventions

ILO conventions ratified by Russia

List of ILO Conventions ratified by Russia

Convention N 10 "On the minimum age for admission of children to work in agriculture" (1921);
Convention N 11 "On the right to organize and unite workers in agriculture" (1921);
Convention N 13 "On the use of white lead in painting" (1921);
Convention N 14 "On weekly rest at industrial enterprises" (1921);
Convention N 15 "On the minimum age for admission of adolescents to work as coal loaders or stokers in the fleet" (1921);
Convention N 16 "On compulsory medical examination of children and adolescents employed on board ships" (1921);
Convention No. 23 "On the Repatriation of Seafarers" (1926);
Convention N 27 "On the indication of the weight of heavy goods carried on ships" (1929);
Convention No. 29 "On Forced or Compulsory Labor" (1930);
Convention N 32 "On the Protection against Accidents of Workers Engaged in Loading or Unloading Ships" (1932);
Convention N 45 "On the use of women's labor in underground work in mines" (1935);
Convention N 47 "On the reduction of working hours to forty hours a week" (1935);
Convention N 52 "On annual holidays with pay" (1936);
Convention N 58 "On the minimum age for admission of children to work at sea" (1936);
Convention N 59 "On the minimum age for the admission of children to work in industry" (1937);
Convention N 60 "On the age of admission of children to non-industrial work" (1937);
Convention No. 69 “On the Issuance of Qualification Certificates to Ship's Cooks” (1946);
Convention N 73 "On Medical Examination of Seafarers" (1946);
Convention N 77 "On the medical examination of children and adolescents in order to determine their suitability for work in industry" (1946);
Convention N 78 "On the medical examination of children and adolescents in order to determine their suitability for work in non-industrial jobs" (1946);
Convention N 79 "On the limitation of night work of children and adolescents in non-industrial work" (1946);
Convention N 81 "On Labor Inspection in Industry and Commerce" (1947);
Convention N 87 "On freedom of association and protection of the right to organize" (1948);
Convention N 90 "On the night work of adolescents in industry" (revised in 1948);
Convention N 92 "On accommodation for crew on board ships" (revised in 1949);
Convention No. 95 "Regarding the Protection of Wages" (1949);
Convention N 98 "On the application of the principles of the right to organize and conduct collective bargaining" (1949);
Convention N 100 "On Equal Remuneration for Men and Women for Work of Equal Value" (1951);
Convention N 103 "On the protection of motherhood" (1952);
Convention N 105 "On the abolition of forced labor" (1957);
Convention N 106 "On weekly rest in trade and institutions" (1957);
Convention No. 108 "On National Identity Cards for Seafarers" (1958);
Convention N 111 "On Discrimination in the Field of Employment and Occupation" (1958);
Convention N 112 "On the minimum age for the employment of fishermen" (1959);
Convention N 113 "On Medical Examination of Fishermen" (1959);
Convention N 115 "On the Protection of Workers from Ionizing Radiation" (1960);
Convention N 116 "On partial revision of conventions" (1961);
Convention N 119 "On the supply of machines with protective devices" (1963);
Convention N 120 "On Occupational Health in Trade and Institutions" (1964);
Convention N 122 "On Employment Policy" (1964);
Convention N 123 "On the minimum age of admission to underground work in mines and mines" (1965);
Convention N 124 "On medical examination of young people in order to determine their suitability for work in underground work in mines and mines" (1965);
Convention N 126 "On accommodation for crew on board fishing vessels" (1966);
Holidays with Pay (Revised) Convention No. 132 (1970)
Convention N 133 “On accommodation for crew on board ships. Additional provisions "(1970);
Convention N 134 "On the prevention of industrial accidents among seafarers" (1970);
Convention N 137 "On the social consequences of new methods of cargo handling in ports" (1973);
Convention N 138 "On the minimum age for admission to work" (1973);
Convention N 139 "On the fight against the danger caused by carcinogenic substances and agents in working conditions, and preventive measures" (1974);
Convention N 142 "On vocational guidance and training in the field of human resources development" (1975);
Convention N 147 "On minimum standards on merchant ships" (1976);
Convention N 148 "On the Protection of Workers from Occupational Hazards Caused by Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration at Work" (1977);
Convention N 149 "On the employment and conditions of work and life of nursing personnel" (1977);
Convention N 150 "On the regulation of labor issues: the role, functions and organization" (1978);
Convention N 152 "On safety and health in port work" (1979);
Convention N 155 "On Safety and Health at Work and the Working Environment" (1981);
Convention No. 156 on Equal Treatment and Equal Opportunities for Men and Women Workers: Workers with Family Responsibilities (1981);
Convention N 159 "On vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities" (1983);
Convention N 160 "On labor statistics" (1985);
Convention N 162 "On labor protection when using asbestos" (1986);
Convention No. 173 for the Protection of the Claims of Workers in the Event of the Insolvency of the Employer (1992)
Convention No. 179 "On the Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers" (1996);
Convention N 182 "On the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor" (1999);
Convention No. 185 on Seafarers' Identity Documents;
ILO Convention No. 187 on Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health (2006)
MLC Maritime Labor Convention (2006).
Convention N 174 of the International Labor Organization "On the Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents" (Concluded in Geneva on 22.06.1993)
Convention No. 175 Part-time Work Convention, 1994 (ratified in 2016)

Methods of work and main areas of activity

The main goals of the ILO are to promote social and economic progress, improve the welfare and working conditions of people, and protect human rights. The ILO has four main strategic objectives:

promote and enforce fundamental principles and rights at work; empower women and men for decent employment; increase the coverage and effectiveness of social security for all; strengthen tripartism and social dialogue. These tasks are solved in various ways:

by developing international politics and programs aimed at supporting fundamental human rights, improving working and living conditions, expanding employment opportunities; the adoption of international labor standards in the form of conventions and recommendations, supported by a unique system of control over their observance; through large scale international technical cooperation programs; through vocational training and teaching, research and publishing activities to support these efforts.

Member States of the ILO

List of ILO Member States

Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Afghanistan
Bahamas
Bangladesh
Barbados
Bahrain
Belarus
Belize
Belgium
Benin
Bulgaria
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Burkina Faso
Burundi
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Hungary
Venezuela
Vietnam
Gabon
Haiti
Guyana
Gambia
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Germany
Honduras
Grenada
Greece
Georgia
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Egypt
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Israel
India
Indonesia
Jordan
Islamic Republic of Iran
Ireland
Iceland
Spain
Italy
Yemen
Cape Verde
Kazakhstan
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Qatar
Kenya
Kiribati
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Korea, Republic
Costa Rica
Ivory Coast
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lesotho
Liberia
Lebanon
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Mauritius
Mauritania
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Malta
Morocco
Mexico
Mozambique
Moldova, Republic
Mongolia
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Niger
Nigeria
Netherlands
Nicaragua
New Zealand
Norway
United Arab Emirates
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Poland
Portugal
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Romania
Salvador
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Swaziland
Seychelles
Senegal
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Christopher and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Singapore
Syrian Arab Republic
Slovakia
Slovenia
United Kingdom
USA
Solomon islands
Somalia
Sudan
Suriname
Sierra Leone
Tajikistan
Thailand
Tanzania, United Republic
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Turkey
Uganda
Uzbekistan
Ukraine
Uruguay
Fiji
Philippines
Finland
France
Croatia
Central African Republic
Czech Republic
Switzerland
Sweden
Sri Lanka
Ecuador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Yugoslavia
Republic of South Africa
Jamaica
Japan

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Permanent commission and international association for the improvement of labor. The International Labor Organization is

History of the creation and development of the ILO

Structure and constitution of the ILO, conventions and methods of work of the ILO

History of creation, development and tasks of the ILO

Reasons for the formation of the ILO

Structure of the ILO and its founding documents

ILO constitution

ILO Declaration of Philadelphia

ILO conventions

Methods of work and main areas of activity

Member States of the ILO

Cooperation between Russia and the ILO

ILO conventions ratified by Russia

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Developments

1. Creation, development and tasks of the ILO

History of creation, development and tasks of the ILO

Reasons for the formation of the ILO

Structure of the ILO and its founding documents

ILO constitution

ILO Declaration of Philadelphia

ILO conventions

ILO conventions ratified by Russia

Methods of work and main areas of activity

Member States of the ILO

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