Professionally applied physical culture. Professionally applied physical training of students

Recipes 14.10.2019

Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)

Department of Economics

Finance and credit (taxes and taxation)

Abstract on the topic:

Professional applied physical training

1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………..3p.

2 Definition of the concept of PPFP, its goals and objectives …………………………..3str.

3 Place of PPFP in the system of physical education of students ……………6str.

4 The main factors determining the content of PPFP ………………… 7p.

5 References ………………………………………………………..10p.

Introduction

Physical culture is the basis of the socio-cultural being of the individual, the fundamental modification of his general and professional culture. As an integrated result of upbringing and professional training, it manifests itself in a person’s attitude to his health, physical capabilities and abilities, in his lifestyle and professional activities and appears in the unity of knowledge, beliefs, value orientations and in their practical implementation.

Physical culture acts as an integral quality of a person, as a condition and prerequisite for effective educational and professional activity, as a generalized indicator of the professional culture of a future specialist, and as a goal of self-development and self-improvement. It characterizes the free, conscious self-determination of a person who, at different stages of life development, chooses from a variety of values and masters those that are more significant for her.

Definition of the concept of PPFP, its goals and objectives

Professional-applied physical training is a specially directed and selective use of physical culture and sports means to prepare a person for a certain professional activity.

Modern work requires a significant strain of mental, mental and physical strength, increased coordination of the movements of workers in any field of work. But each profession dictates its own level of development of psychophysical qualities, its own list of professionally applied skills and abilities. Therefore, if you are preparing for the profession of a prospecting geologist, then you need professionally applied physical training of one content, and a future philologist - another. These differences are reflected in the goals and objectives of the PPFP as an independent section of the discipline "Physical Education".

So, the goal of PPFP is psychophysical readiness for successful professional activity. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to create psychophysical prerequisites and readiness for future specialists:

to accelerate vocational training;

to achieve highly productive labor in the chosen profession;

to the prevention of occupational diseases and injuries, ensuring occupational longevity;

to the use of means of physical culture and sports for active recreation and restoration of general and professional performance during work and free time;

to the performance of service and public functions for the introduction of physical culture and sports in a professional team.

The specific tasks of the PPFP students are determined by the peculiarities of their future professional activities and are to:

to form the necessary applied knowledge;

to master applied skills and abilities;

educate applied psychophysical qualities;

cultivate applied special qualities.

Let us dwell in more detail on the semantic content of the listed specific tasks.

Applied Knowledge have a direct connection with future professional activity, they can be obtained in the process of physical education, at lectures on the academic discipline "Physical Culture", during brief methodical conversations and attitudes at methodological and practical and training sessions, through independent study of literature. Specific applied knowledge about the necessary psychophysical readiness can also be obtained in the educational material in other disciplines (“Safety”, etc.). It should be noted that knowledge about the regularities of increasing sports performance has a single psychophysiological basis with knowledge about achieving and maintaining a high professional performance of a person in the field of work.

Take the example of mountaineers. In the course of their sports practice, they learn a lot of information about the impact of mountain hypoxia (lack of oxygen) on the human body, about ways to overcome it, etc. The same knowledge is necessary for geodesists, geologists, glaciologists working in the mountains. You can give a lot of similar examples of applied knowledge that is acquired in sports practice and can be used by specialists of various profiles in their work.

Applied skills ensure safety at home and when performing certain professional types of work, contribute to fast and economical movement in solving production problems (swimming, skiing, rowing, horseback riding, etc.). Naturally, these skills and abilities are better mastered by a person involved in applied sports: tourism, motorsport, water and various types of equestrian sports, etc.

Applied psychophysical qualities - this is an extensive list of applied physical and mental qualities necessary for each professional group, which can be formed when practicing various sports.

Applied physical qualities - speed, strength, endurance, flexibility and agility are necessary in many types of professional activities, where specialists need either increased general endurance, or speed, or the strength of individual muscle groups, or dexterity to perform quality work. Early accentuated formation of these applied qualities in the process of physical education to the professionally required level is one of the tasks of PPPT.

Applied mental qualities and personality traits, necessary for a future specialist, can be formed both at training sessions and independently. You can not make a person bold, courageous, collectivist with the help of some conversations. It must be put in conditions when it is required to show these qualities. It is at sports training, with regular independent physical education, that conditions can be created under which such volitional qualities as perseverance, determination, courage, endurance, self-control, self-discipline are manifested.

Directed selection of exercises, choice of sports, sports games it is possible to accentuate influence on a person, contributing to the formation of specific mental qualities and personality traits that determine the success of professional activity.

For example, everyone imagines that a civil engineer, in order to perform control and other professional duties, sometimes needs to climb a high-rise building or structure under construction. But after all, out of habit, not everyone can climb to a considerable height through temporarily constructed passages, shields and ladders without handrails.

Well, where is it better to get used to this unusual height - at a construction site under the mocking gaze of workers or in advance during the years of study at an educational institution?

The fact that this, it would seem, the simplest life problem needs to be solved even in the classroom on PPFP, gives an idea of a very clear and convincing example, which was given in one of his works by Professor N.G. Ozolin. Speaking about the fact that in the formation of any skill or skill it is necessary to gradually lead the trainee to perform the exercise in a “working” environment, he emphasized that it is possible to easily develop a strong skill of walking on a log lying on the ground, but not enough one of them will immediately walk on a log raised to a height of several meters. Fearing to fall, excessive muscle tension will not allow you to immediately show the developed skill. We need special training with a gradual complication of the task - a gradual increase in the height of the log. And the fact that gymnasts, divers will cope with the above task faster and better than, for example, weightlifters, swimmers or runners, is quite obvious not only to specialists. This example shows the possibility and necessity in a number of cases of cultivating applied mental qualities through specially selected physical exercises in preparing a person for his chosen professional activity.

Many sports and especially gaming moments can simulate possible life situations in a production team when performing professional types of work. The habit brought up in sports activity to observe the established norms and rules of behavior (a sense of collectivism, endurance, respect for rivals, diligence, self-discipline) are transferred to everyday life, in professional activity. Conscious overcoming of difficulties in the process of regular physical culture and sports, the fight against growing fatigue, feelings of pain and fear bring up the will, self-discipline, self-confidence.

Applied special qualities - this is the body's ability to withstand specific environmental influences: cold and heat, motion sickness in a car, at sea, in the air, insufficient partial pressure of oxygen in the mountains, etc. Such abilities can be developed by hardening, dosed thermal training, special exercises that affect the vestibular apparatus (somersaults, rotations in various planes), strengthening the abdominal muscles, endurance exercises, in which motor hypoxia occurs, etc.

It is possible to form special qualities in the process of PPFP not only with the help of specially selected exercises, but also with regular classes in appropriate (applied) sports in each case. It should be borne in mind the features of the so-called non-specific adaptation of a person. It has been established that a well-trained and physically developed person acclimatizes faster in a new area, more easily tolerates the effects of low and high temperatures, is more resistant to infections, penetrating radiation, etc.

The place of PPFP in the system of physical education of students

When solving specific problems of professional-applied physical training of future specialists, one should always remember that such training is carried out in close connection with general physical training, which is the basis of the practical section of the academic discipline "Physical Culture" at the university. However, studies have shown that only the general physical training of future specialists cannot fully solve the problems of special training for a particular profession.

Professional-applied physical training should be based on good general physical fitness of students. The ratio of general physical and vocational training may vary depending on the profession. For representatives of the humanitarian professions, good general physical fitness is almost enough to have a psychophysical readiness for a future profession. Although in recent studies of labor physiologists it is noted that possible dizziness, the early manifestation of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine in many representatives of mental labor arise from detraining of the vestibular apparatus, from a long motionless tilt of the head forward. All this requires knowledge and skills of independent application of specially selected physical exercises for the prevention or treatment of these adverse events.

In other cases (training of civil aviation flight personnel, etc.), general physical training cannot provide the necessary level of psychophysical readiness for professional work.

Here, special and voluminous professionally applied physical training is required in all respects, which often needs an independent additional course of PPFP in excess of the allotted training hours for the discipline "Physical Education". In the course of the educational process, the level of preparedness of students in the PPFP section is controlled by special standards, which is specifically stipulated in the program of the discipline "Physical Education". Usually these standards differ for students of different faculties and differ depending on the semester and course of study. The level of preparedness in PPFP is assessed separately and is included in the comprehensive assessment for the academic discipline "Physical Culture" along with marks for theoretical knowledge and general physical fitness.

The main factors determining the content of PPFP

The motor activity of a person, his labor activity is determined by such components as muscle strength, endurance, speed, coordination of movements, the ability to concentrate and sustained attention, the reaction of choice and other psychophysical qualities. It is generally recognized that all these components, as well as professional personality traits, are trainable under certain conditions and limits. The psychophysiological concept of "labor activity" in terms of psychophysical components is similar to the concept of "sport". The fundamental requirements and conditions for their improvement are also similar.

So, the specific content of PPFP is based on the psychophysiological identity of the labor process and physical culture and sports. Thanks to this identity, it is possible to model individual elements of labor processes in physical culture and sports.

The main factors determining the specific content of PPFP:

forms (types) of labor of specialists of this profile;

conditions and nature of work;

mode of work and rest;

features of the dynamics of the working capacity of specialists in the process of work and the specifics of their professional fatigue and morbidity.

Forms (types) of labor. The main forms of labor are physical and mental. The division of labor into "physical" and "mental" is conditional. However, such a division is necessary, because with its help it is easier to study the dynamics of the working capacity of specialists during the working day, as well as to select the means of physical culture and sports in order to prepare students for the upcoming work in the profession.

Working conditions(length of working time, comfort of the production sphere) influence the selection of means of physical culture and sports to achieve high working capacity and labor activity of a person, and, therefore, determine the specific content of the PPFP of specialists in a particular profession.

The nature of labor also determines the content of PPFP, because in order to choose and apply the means of physical culture and sports correctly, it is important to know with what physical and emotional load the specialist works, how large is the area of his movement, etc. It should be borne in mind that the nature of the work of specialists of the same profile may be different even when working in the same conditions, if they perform different types of professional work and service functions. In such cases, specialists have completely different psychophysical loads, therefore, different applied knowledge, skills and abilities, multidirectional recommendations on the use of physical culture and sports means in the work and rest regime are needed.

Mode of work and rest influences the choice of means of physical culture in order to maintain and increase the necessary level of vital activity and working capacity. A rational mode of work and rest at any enterprise is considered to be such a mode that optimally combines labor efficiency, individual productivity, working capacity and health of workers.

When developing the relevant sections of the PPFP, it is necessary to know and take into account the organizational structure and features of the production process, as well as conduct a joint analysis of working and non-working time, since there is an objective relationship between the main work and human activities in free time.

Health Dynamics specialists in the labor process - an integral factor that determines the specific content of students' PPFP. In order to model individual elements of the labor process by selecting physical exercises, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the dynamics of the working capacity of specialists when performing various types of professional work. To do this, you need to build a “performance curve based on fixed changes in technical, economic and psychophysiological indicators: after certain periods of time, certain indicators of the performer are measured: the amount of output, the time spent on the operation, etc., as well as the psychophysiological indicators of the pulse, blood pressure, muscle strength, tremor, respiratory rate, indicators of attention, speed, visual-auditory and mental reactions, etc. The "curve" of working capacity is determined for one work shift, and for a working week (month), and for a one-year period of work. It can serve as a starting point in the development of recommendations for the directed use of physical culture means both in the process of PPPT and in the mode of work and rest.

Bibliography

1 V.I. Ilyinich, M. Gardariki. "Physical culture of the student" 2002

2 P.A. Agadzhanyan, A.N. Katkov. "Reserves of our body" 1990

3 R.T. Raevsky "Professional - applied physical training" 1985

The principle of organic connection of physical education with practice labor activity most concretely embodied in professional-applied physical training.

Modern labor leads to overloads of some functional systems of the body and underloads of others, which adversely affects the overall capacity of a person.

In order to correct these psychophysiological "distortions", measures are taken in the labor organization system, including the directed use of specially selected physical exercises. The use of means of physical culture and sports in order to maintain and improve the general and professional capacity of a person in the theory and practice of physical culture is called "professional-applied physical training".

Professionally applied physical training(PPFP) is a specially directed and selective use of the means of physical culture and sports to prepare a person for a certain professional activity.

The main purpose of PPPP is the directed development and maintenance at the optimal level of those mental and physical qualities of a person, to which specific professional activities make increased demands, as well as the development of the functional resistance of the body to the conditions of this activity and the formation of applied motor skills and abilities.

Each profession imposes specific requirements on a person and often very high ones on his physical and mental qualities, applied skills. In this regard, there is a need for profiling the process of physical education in preparing students for work, combining general physical training with specialized - PΠΦΠ.

A geodesist, a geologist, needs the ability to navigate the terrain. He must be able to prepare a lodging for the night, cook food in field conditions. Proper crossing of the river or behavior in the mountains, taiga are vital skills. Tourism for students of such specialties will be a preparation for professional activities.

In order to be realized in professional activities, employees of a number of engineering and technical specialties (radio electronics engineer, mechanical engineer, etc.) need to have a number of physical qualities. They are required to be able to dose small but large power voltages when using various hand and foot controls (buttons, handles, levers, pedals), working with a personal computer, display equipment, oscilloscope, etc. The work of representatives of the mental type of labor (economists, designers, designers, lawyers) is often characterized by hypodynamia, a long stay in a forced position (sitting, standing) during design work, operator activities. All this indicates the need to develop static endurance of the muscles of the trunk and back, which experience the greatest stress during sedentary work.

The professional activity of workers in a number of modern engineering and technical specialties often contains operations associated with the manipulation of small objects, tools. They must be able to perform quick, precise and economical movements, have dexterity and coordination of hand and finger movements.

In the professions of an engineer, manager, teacher, scientist, mental qualities play an important role. With intense mental activity, attention is especially necessary: the ability to simultaneously perceive several objects (amount of attention), perform several actions (distribution of attention), quickly transfer attention from object to object (concentration of attention). In addition, operational thinking, operational and long-term memory, neuro-emotional stability, endurance, self-control are required.

Thus, the professional activity of modern specialists imposes quite strict requirements on them, including physical and mental qualities and abilities. In the process of general physical training, it is almost impossible to form such a level of psycho physical fitness which would provide high-performance professional activity. In many cases, special physical exercises and sports are needed, i.e. PΠΦΠ.

During the period of preparation for professional activity, i.e. while studying at a university, it is necessary to create psychophysical prerequisites and student readiness:

- to accelerate vocational training;
- achievement of highly productive labor in the chosen profession;
- prevention of occupational diseases and injuries, ensuring occupational longevity;
- the use of means of physical culture and sports for active recreation and restoration of general and professional performance during working and free time;
- performance of official and public functions for the introduction of physical culture and sports in a professional team.

Modern work requires a significant amount of mental, mental and physical strength, increased coordination of movements of workers in any field of work, and also leads to overloads of some functional systems of the body and underloads of others, which adversely affects the overall capacity of a person. In order to correct these psychophysiological "distortions", measures are taken in the labor organization system, including the directed use of specially selected physical exercises. Professional applied Physical Culture- this is a system of physical exercises, physical culture, health and sports activities aimed at increasing and maintaining a stable professional capacity. The form and content of these events are determined by the characteristics of professional work and everyday life of a person. Indeed, I believe that each profession dictates its own level of development of psychophysical qualities, its own list of professionally applied skills and abilities. Therefore, if a person, for example, is preparing for the profession of a prospecting geologist, then he needs professionally applied physical training of one content, and a future philologist needs another. These differences are reflected in the goals and objectives of the PPPC, as an independent section of the discipline "Physical Education". You can do PPFC both during work and in your free time. The purpose of the PPFC is to promote health and work efficiency. Labor efficiency can be increased by expanding the physiologically acceptable limits of its intensity, as well as by increasing individual productivity, the level of which is also influenced by physical fitness.

Tasks of the PPFC:

1. prepare the human body for the optimal inclusion of professional activities;

2. actively maintain the optimal level of performance during work and restore it after its completion;

3. to carry out in advance an accentuated psychophysical preparation for the performance of certain types of professional activity;

4. prevention of possible effects on the human body adverse factors professional work in specific conditions.

Indeed, at present, when the rhythm of life requires more and more physical and mental strength from a person, it is simply necessary to have a professionally applied physical culture. The main goal and objectives of the PPFC are aimed at strengthening the human body, at preventing its health, at maintaining an optimal level of performance. It is with the help of such a system of physical exercises and recreational activities that an employee can improve his health and prevent the influence of adverse factors on him.

Annotation: Definition of PPFP, its purpose and tasks, means and application for a specific type of activity.

8.1. General characteristics of PPFP

The desire to profile physical training in relation to the requirements of the profession was expressed, among other things, in the creation of a special kind of physical activity - professionally applied physical culture and the cultivation of professionally applied sports. As a kind of physical education, professional-applied physical training is a pedagogically directed the process of ensuring specialized physical readiness for the chosen professional activity. This is such a learning process that enriches the individual fund of professionally useful motor skills and abilities, the development of physical and directly related abilities, professional capacity directly depends on them. Typical exercises for them and the method of their application are characterized, on the one hand, by modeling forms and especially significant moments of coordination of movements included in professional activity, and on the other hand, by more directed and, ultimately, higher requirements for motor and related abilities. .

The process of acquiring motor skills (especially production ones) is accompanied by a number of certain difficulties, which consist in determining the time intervals, segments of the trajectory and actions of muscle groups that must be selected for the concentration of muscle strength, changing the functional state of the motor analyzer in accordance with the requirements of work operations. This is reflected in the combination of many complex work movements, elements and operations into a single system - a dynamic stereotype, in the development of skills to properly plan and program work actions. The discrepancy between the program and the actual performance of the movement is especially pronounced in case of fatigue in combination with negative emotions.

In the complex of exercises and the methodology of professional applied gymnastics, a kind of analytical approach is often predominantly expressed, in which the necessary forms of movements are consistently constructed, and a selectively directed influence is carried out on certain parts of the musculoskeletal system, its morphological and functional qualities (in particular, strength, mobility in the joints , local and regional static endurance), and proceeding not only from the requirements of professional activity, but also from the need to prevent adverse effects on the physical and general condition of the employee arising during its course, which is aimed, in particular, at gymnastic exercises that prevent and correct violations of posture due to the peculiarities of the working posture.

In professional applied sports, a holistically accentuated impact on the development of motor and closely related abilities, which are essential for improvement in professional activity, is clearly expressed. Accordingly, oriented sports improvement can have a direct positive impact on professional activity, provided, of course, if the subject of sports specialization has a significant similarity with professional activity both in terms of the operational composition of actions and the nature of the displayed abilities. This is what determines the choice of professional-applied sports by representatives of a particular profession.

The theoretical foundations of training (sports and professional) have been developed to a sufficient extent. They are based on the formation and automation of motor skills. As a result of automating a motor skill, a clear, quick execution of a movement is ensured and the ability is developed with the least effort in the shortest possible period of time to consciously perform the greatest physical work, or act gracefully and energetically.

Although the degree of intensity of physical effort in most modern species of professional activity is relatively low and stable, the methodology for constructing PPPP should be guided by the principle of a gradual increase in training loads, and to the extent that it is necessary not only to prepare for specific professional work loads, but also for a general increase in the level of functional capabilities of the body, strengthening and maintaining health. Here, just as in physical education in general, there cannot be any universal quantitative norms for the increase in loads that are equally suitable in all cases, since the boundaries of an expedient increase and their dynamics depend on many variable circumstances, including the actual the total volume of loads and the regimen of physical exercises in an individual lifestyle (for example, some, in parallel with PPFP, devote a lot of time and effort to in-depth studies of one or another sport, and for others, the main physical exercises are limited mainly or exclusively to the framework of PPPP).

When organizing classes on PPFP, unified programs are created, usually developed for groups of related professions or individual professions.

The main forms of classes are lesson forms, which have the usual structure in physical education.

An effective form of PPFP training is competitions in professional applied exercises. Competitive forms of training are most widely represented in the case of in-depth specialization in the chosen professional applied sport. At the same time, the system of classes acquires the character of a specialized sports training and regular participation in competitions, which puts forward a special problem of rational balancing of sports, vocational education, and work activities. For athletes who are not moving into the field of sports, professional work skills should be a priority.

8.2. Purpose and tasks of professionally applied physical training

Differences in the requirements for the physical and mental fitness of specialists in different professions dictate the need for professionally applied physical training (PPPP).

VOCATIONAL AND APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING- this is a specialized type of physical education, aimed at the formation and improvement of the properties and qualities of the individual, which are essential for a particular professional activity.

With the help of PPPP means, various professionally important sensory, mental, motor, organizational and pedagogical skills are formed and improved, knowledge and skills in the field of physical culture are acquired, a high level of functioning and reliability of all major organs, systems, mental processes of the human body is ensured.

The introduction of PPPP into the practice of physical education creates the prerequisites for reducing the terms of professional adaptation, improving professional skills, achieving high performance and labor productivity, PPPP effectively promotes health, increases resistance to diseases, and reduces injuries.

The main factors that determine the overall focus, objectives and content of the PPFP are:

the nature, volume of incoming information and the conditions for its perception by employees in the course of their work;
the nature of the main professional motor actions;
special external conditions of professional activity.

Psychophysiological features of professional activity largely determine the direction of PPFP. They are: reception, storage and processing of production information, decision making, motor actions, load on individual physiological organs and systems, emotional states, fatigue and performance dynamics, mental stress, etc. The study of these features allows you to identify the sensory, mental, motor skills, physical and mental qualities, the level of functioning and reliability of individual organs and body systems necessary for successful work.

Certain working conditions require the development of appropriate special physical and mental qualities. Thus, outdoor work at low or high temperature, its sharp fluctuations require the body's resistance to cold, heat, sharp fluctuations in temperature effects, general endurance, good condition of the cardiovascular system, thermoregulation system. When working on a limited support, height, a sense of balance is necessary, good condition vestibular apparatus. Long-term work in a limited space, a monotonous working position requires static endurance of the muscles of the back, torso, arms, and resistance to hypodynamia. Professional activity in conditions of harmful production (air pollution, noise, vibration, motion sickness, exposure to radiation, etc.) determines the development of special qualities aimed at increasing the body's resistance to adverse environmental conditions.

These factors determine the main tasks of professionally applied physical training:

development of leading physical abilities for this profession;
formation and improvement of auxiliary-applied motor skills;
increasing the body's resistance to external influences of working conditions;
education of volitional and other mental qualities specific to this profession;
increasing the functional stability and adaptability of the human body to the adverse effects of working conditions;
assistance in the formation of the physical culture of the individual, the strengthening of his psyche.

The solution of these problems is directly related to increasing labor productivity, accelerating the process of workability, with the specifics of motor activity in the labor process, with its nature (monotonicity, static character, features of working postures).

In order to practically implement this general focus of PPFP on the formation and improvement of specific physical abilities, it is necessary to have sufficiently complete data on the profession. These include, first of all, the characteristics of the actual production movements and actions or the professiogram. Its content includes detailed description working conditions, its nature and specificity. They are determined by the characteristics of working movements, actions and techniques. These include the type of motor action (rotational, shock) and the parts of the body involved, the amplitude of movements, temporal and power characteristics, features of coordination of movements, the degree of their plasticity, etc.

After clarifying the main characteristics that define and reveal the typical features of labor, it is necessary to determine how this profession affects the human body, what physical abilities and motor skills are the most professionally important (for example, for a driver - static endurance, for an operator - general endurance, for a driller - strength , weavers - fine motor coordination). Since there are currently more than a thousand professions, they are unified according to working conditions and the nature of motor activity into groups (for example, a group of professions of an operator profile - programmers, dispatchers, operators, etc.). The requirements for physical abilities and motor skills in these groups will be approximately the same, although their narrow specialty will have certain specifics.

After professionally important physical abilities are clarified and specific professional motor skills are determined, the most effective means contributing to the development of these qualities. When choosing means, it is important to take into account that this exercise, if possible, acts in a complex way: it solves several problems simultaneously, develops physical abilities, forms a motor skill, contributes to the improvement of body functions, its ability to counteract the influence of adverse environmental factors, etc. These requirements are met by such types of physical exercises as skiing, cross-country running, rowing, swimming and many others. For drillers, for example, strength is a professionally important quality. Therefore, preference should be given to gymnastic exercises with weights.

Very important in solving the problems of PPFP is the selection of appropriate means, the choice of effective methods and forms of their implementation.

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abstract

Professionally applied physical training of students

Introduction

physical student applied

Labor activity modern man characterized by an increase in complexity and intensity, a high concentration of attention, a large amount of professional knowledge. This requires flexibility of thinking, psychological stability, and endurance from the specialist. At the same time, the high intensity of life, psychological discomfort, physical inactivity, ecology, social and environmental crises contribute to the modern specialist - all this leads to physical and mental overstrain, a feeling of constant fatigue, decreased performance, and the occurrence of diseases. One of the most effective means of maintaining health and a high level of performance is reasonably organized physical activity, healthy lifestyle life, competent use of means of physical culture and sports. Therefore, university graduates should become carriers of the values of physical culture, introduce the acquired knowledge into the sphere of professional work. For the same purpose, during the years of study at the university, students need to develop the need for physical education.

1. Definition of the concept of professionally applied physicaltraining

The principle of connection of physical education with the practice of labor activity is most realistically embodied in PPFP. Modern labor causes the body system to overload or underload other body systems, which adversely affects the overall capacity of a person.

In order to somehow correct these psychophysiological effects, various activities are carried out related to the labor organization system, including the use of specialized physical exercises. The use of means of physical culture and sports in order to maintain and increase the general and professional capacity of a person in the theory and practice of physical culture is called PPFP.

PPFP is the intentional selective use of physical culture and sports to prepare a person for his future professional activities.

The main purpose of PPFP is the directed formation and maintenance at the optimal level of those mental and physical qualities of a person, to which a specific professional activity makes an increase, as well as the development of the functional resistance of the body to the conditions of this activity and the accumulation of motor skills and abilities.

Each profession has its own specific requirements for a person and are often very high in comparison with his real physical and mental qualities, applied skills. In this case, it becomes necessary to profile the process of physical education in preparing students for their further work, combining such factors as general physical training and specialized - professional physical training.

So an archaeologist needs the ability to navigate on a map of the area, knowledge of the surrounding area, skills in excavations. He should also be able to prepare a lodging for the night, cook food in field conditions. Proper crossing of the river or behavior in the mountains, taiga are vital skills. Tourism for such specialties will be a preparation for professional activities.

To be realized in professional activity, employees of a number of engineering and technical specialties need to have a number of physical qualities.

They are required to be able to dose power voltages when using various hand and foot controls, when working with a personal computer, display equipment, an oscilloscope, etc.

The work of various representatives of the mental type of labor, designers is often characterized by reduced mobility, prolonged stay in one position, during design work, camera work.

All this indicates the need to develop static endurance of the muscles of the trunk and back, which experience the greatest stress during sedentary work.

The professional activity of a number of modern engineering and technical specialties often contains operations related to the manipulation of small objects, tools. They must be able to perform quick, precise and economical movements, have dexterity and coordination of hand and finger movements.

In the professions of an engineer, manager, teacher, scientist, mental qualities play an important role. With intense mental activity, attention is especially needed:

the ability to simultaneously perceive several objects, perform several actions

quickly shift attention from object to object.

operational thinking,

operational and long-term memory, neuro-emotional stability, endurance, self-control.

Based on the above, the professional activity of modern specialists imposes rather strict requirements on them, including physical and mental qualities and abilities. In the process of general physical training, it is practically impossible to form such a level of psychophysical preparedness that would ensure highly productive professional activity. In many cases, special physical exercises and sports are needed, that is, professionally applied physical training (PPPP).

During the period of preparation for professional activity, that is, while studying at a university, it is necessary to create psychophysical prerequisites and student readiness:

to accelerate vocational training;

achievement of highly productive labor in the chosen profession;

prevention of occupational diseases and injuries, ensuring occupational longevity;

the use of means of physical culture and sports for active recreation and restoration of general and professional performance during working and free time;

performance of service and public functions for the introduction of physical culture and sports in a professional team.

2. The main factors determining the content of PPFPstudents

Currently, there are several thousand professions, and specialties - tens of thousands. Only relatively few of the modern professions require the maximum or close to it mobilization of physical abilities in the process of labor activity itself. In most types of professional work, even physical, the requirements for physical capabilities are far from being maximum.

In order to successfully prepare a student for his further professional activity, it is necessary to know the main factors that determine the specific content of the PPFP:

forms of work of specialists of this profile;

conditions and nature of work;

mode of work and rest;

features of the dynamics of the working capacity of specialists in the process of work and the specifics of their professional fatigue and morbidity.

Forms of labor. The main forms of labor are physical and mental. This division is somewhat arbitrary, since with its help it is easier to study the dynamics of an employee's performance during the working day. In addition, such a division provides a more effective selection of physical culture and sports means in order to prepare the student for the upcoming professional activity. For example, different qualities of attention are important for mental work. Stability in the manifestation of attention is developed by track and field exercises.

Working conditions - duration of working hours, comfort of the production sphere. Properly selected means of PPFP in the process of physical education of a student, contribute to the rise of the body's resistance to adverse production factors, contribute to an increase in the adaptive capabilities of the body of any specialist.

Endurance and resistance to high temperatures are achieved through mobile and vigorous exercise, combining significant heat generation and improved lung function. Endurance and resistance to low temperatures is provided through physical exercises performed at low temperatures in lightweight clothing, hardening with cold air and water.

The nature of labor - the features of motor work operations, in the characterization of which they mean mainly: the type of movements; range of motion; power characteristics of movement; features of coordination of movements.

So, during the work of operators, quite often the movements are performed with a very low frequency - less than 3 cm. Therefore, the operator's motor actions are characterized by inactivity, high requirements for the speed of the motor reaction, accuracy of movement, with a constant tension of attention.

Mode of work and rest. The regime of work and rest is understood as such a regime that optimally combines labor efficiency, individual productivity, working capacity and health of workers.

When developing the relevant sections of the PPFP, it is necessary to know and take into account the structure and features of the production process, as well as to conduct a joint analysis of working and non-working time, since there is an objective relationship between the main work and the activities of students in their free time.

3. PPFP student funds

Modern PPPP is based on a system of exercises that allow you to purposefully increase precisely those professionally essential functional properties of the body, motor and related abilities, on which the effectiveness of professional activity significantly depends.

The student's means of PPFP are quite diverse. These include:

applied physical exercises and individual elements of various sports;

applied sports;

healing forces of nature and hygiene factors;

auxiliary means that ensure the quality of the educational process of PPFP.

PFC is a system of exercises, by means of which a student's motor skills and abilities are developed, which are used in the conditions of professional activity or in extreme situations. For a directed impact on the vestibular apparatus of function and education of the ability to maintain balance in difficult conditions, such as a civil engineer, an engineer of electrical networks, they use exercises on a low - high support, an unstable platform, a trampoline, exercises in balance, in climbing vertical, inclined and horizontal stairs; to increase the stability of the vestibular apparatus - long runs in tight clothes or in hot weather, forced marches, etc. In preparation for a number of other professions, natural movements such as walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, skiing, etc. are widely used. This was the reason that in some types of labor activity, perfect skills in natural movements have a directly applied value.

A thorough comprehension by them is an indispensable condition for the effective professional activity of a student. certain kind sport contributes to the improvement of the conditioned physical and mental qualities of any student. And if these qualities, abilities and skills, mastered in the course of sports improvement, coincide with professional ones, then such sports are considered professional and applied.

Significant and indirect PHO certain types sports. The use of means of physical culture and sports in the professional activities of students is based on the phenomenon of "transfer" of fitness. And although the exercises used by the PPFP do not copy professional movements, they create the necessary ground for the successful mastery of professional skills.

PPFP of students in the classroom is carried out in the form of lectures and practical exercises.

PPFP outside of school hours is necessary for students who have insufficient general and special physical fitness. Forms of PPFP in free time:

sectional classes at the university in applied sports under the guidance of a teacher-trainer;

self-studying applied sports in various sports groups outside the university (in tourist clubs, etc.);

independent fulfillment by students of the tasks of teachers of the department of physical education.

One of the forms of PPFP is mass health-improving and sports events, for example, intra-university competitions between study groups, courses, faculties

Conclusion

Thus, PPFP allows to give future students the knowledge that would ensure the conscious and correct use of the means of physical culture and sports to prepare for professional types of work. Educational material should be designed not only for the preparation of the student on a personal level, but also for his preparation as a future leader of a production or creative team. To do this, you can use lectures and methodological and practical, as well as training sessions. It is more expedient to explain PPFP issues related to safety precautions during practical exercises.

Bibliography

1) Makarova V.A., Professional-applied physical training, publishing house "Drofa", 2008, 410 pages.

2) Dubrovsky G.I., Physical culture and sport, Vlados publishing house, 2005, 230 pages.

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Professionally applied physical culture. Professionally applied physical training of students

8.1. General characteristics of PPFP

8.2. Purpose and tasks of professionally applied physical training

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