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The purpose of the study: to learn as much as possible about the life of turtles. Tasks: Learn information about turtles; Find out what turtles are; Make observations of the turtle; Make a memo "Basic rules for caring for a turtle." Hypothesis: Suppose the turtle responds well to the intonation of the voice.
Once upon a time, young daring giants lived on Earth, who considered themselves above the gods. The gods were angry with the giants, and a terrible battle broke out between them. Only shields remained on the battlefield. To show the giants their power, the gods breathed life into their shields.
The very first turtles evolved from primitive reptiles - cotilosaurs. The shell - the house that all turtles now wear, was not yet formed then. Their backs were simply covered with horny shields. Gradually, the back of the turtles hardened and, in the end, turned into a shell covered with shields.
Turtle Misha, 5 years old. The eyes of my turtle are very kind, the legs are small, the shell Brown color, solid. Crawls very slowly. We keep our turtle in a box filled with sawdust. We feed our turtle with special Tortilla food, but most of all Misha likes lettuce and cabbage leaves.
We bathe Misha every 3 days. In the water, he is active, he likes to swim. After bathing, we lubricate the shell with vitamin E or olive oil this strengthens the shell structure. The length of our turtle at purchase was 11 cm. During this time, it has grown in length by 1 cm and in height by 0.5 cm.
Experiment For a month, I talked to the turtle with different intonations and noticed that if you talk to the turtle affectionately, it will stretch its neck and listen, and vice versa, if you scold it, it will hide in its shell. Conclusion: Turtles respond well to the intonation of the voice.
Basic rules for turtle care: The land turtle should be kept in a terrarium, not on the floor. A cardboard box filled with sawdust is allowed. The turtle should be fed a balanced, varied diet appropriate to its species.
Winter hibernation for turtles is optional. If the turtle is inactive, it is necessary to increase the air temperature to +20; 22 C. In summer, when the temperature rises above 20 C land turtles it is necessary to walk so that she can eat grass, as well as to receive natural ultraviolet radiation. Walking time should be half an hour or more.
Bathe your turtle at least twice a week. The water temperature should be degrees. Turtles should not be allowed to come into contact with other pets. If you experience symptoms of disease, you should contact your veterinarian-herpetologist.
Turtles are amazing reptiles. They have lived on earth for over 200 million years. Turtles can be kept at home, but do not forget that the turtle is not a toy, but a live wild reptile. You need to take care of the turtle and not forget that it is the same creature just like you and me...
State institution "Dokuchaevskaya secondary school of the department of education of the akimat
Altynsarinsky district"
research project
Performed:Abanina Elizabeth
3rd grade student.
Work manager:Abdzhanova Aliya Kasymbekovna
teacher primary school
Dokuchaevskaya secondary school 2016
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………3
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………4
1. Theoretical part………………………………………………………………..5
1.1 Who are turtles? .............................................. .............................................5
1.2. Lifestyle and nutrition of turtles…………………………………………………..5
1.3. What are the types of turtles? .................................6
II .Practical part………………………………………………………………..7
2.1 Central Asian tortoise……………………………………………………….7
2.2. Age of turtles………………………………………………………………….7
2.3 Who is a male or a female? .............................................. ...........................................eight
2.4. Sense organs and hearing...……………………………………..............................8
2.5. Keeping land turtles at home……………………..9
2.6. Turtle nutrition at home………………………………………….10
2.7. Turtle Watching…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.8. How to care for a turtle…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….13
Memo for caring for a Mediterranean tortoise at home………………………………………………………………………………..15
List of used literature……………………………………………….17
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………….18
Annotation.
This research project is declared in the nomination "The world around us".
The main goal of the project is to learn how to independently acquire scientific knowledge from various sources of information, to be able to use the acquired knowledge to solve practical problems, to learn how to work in a team, which contributes to the development of creative abilities.
The purpose of the work: to study the living conditions of turtles in nature, to investigate their behavior at home, to compare and draw a conclusion about the correctness of keeping an animal at home.
In the process of creating a work"Land turtle at home» the student's presentation of the diversity of turtles is carried out. She studied the literature on this topic, conducted a study and made a conclusion about the correctness of keeping an animal at home. In the course of work, the student turned to the encyclopedia, uses such methods as observation, conversation.
Introduction
My name is Elizabeth. I'm 10 years old. I study in the 3rd grade of Dokuchaevskaya high school. My research project is called Land Turtle at Home.I like animals a lot. I have loved exotic animals since childhood. I read books about animals with interest, watched TV shows. I have always dreamed of having a turtle. And after they bought me a turtle, Lucy, I began to observe the development of my turtle, to be interested in the life of turtles in nature.But now two years have passed, and it seems to me that the turtle has not grown at all. Then the question arose: am I taking good care of her? And I decided to do research and find answers to all the questions that arose.
I believe that the chosen topic is relevant and significant. Because those animals that ended up in our home need to create the most comfortable conditions for existence.
Objective of the project: learn about the origin, species, lifestyle and maintenance of the turtle at home.
Object of study: Central Asian tortoise at home.
Research hypothesis: how the life expectancy of a turtle depends on the care and standards of keeping the animal at home.
Tasks
1. Studying literature about turtles.
2. Observation of the turtle during feeding and wakefulness. 3. Summary of Turtle Observations
4. Drawing up a memo "How to keep a turtle at home."
Research methods :
reading educational literature;
search for information on the Internet;
help from parents and teachers;
analysis
I .Theoretical part.
1.1 What are turtles?
I studied many magazines, encyclopedias about turtles. With the help of adults, I found information about them on the Internet. With interest I watched TV shows that talk about these animals.
Turtles are one of the few ancient inhabitants of the Earth who have survived to this day. Turtles are often referred to as living fossils. This means that the turtles that live today are almost unchanged and very similar to those that lived 50 million years ago. In the old days, the shell of turtles was called a skull, hence the name turtle. Turtles are very different from other animals. They have a hard outer shell, scaly skin, and a keratinized nose. All turtles breathe with lungs and have shells consisting of two parts: outer, or upper, and lower. Through the holes between these two halves, the turtle can stick its head with neck, tail and paws out. The shell serves as protection from external conditions and from enemies.
Scientists say that turtles evolved from primitive reptiles -cotylosaurs. It is worth noting that these animals, like turtles, had a shell and a beak.tortoise type. However, unlike modern turtles, they did not have the ability to retract their heads and limbs into their shells.
A variety of turtle species inhabit most of the land and waters of tropical and temperate.
1.2. Lifestyle and nutrition of turtles.
Turtles are solitary and usually only seek companionship during the mating season, although some species may form groups during the winter. Land turtles feed mainly on plant foods, while freshwater turtles, on the contrary, mostly other vertebrates. But both of them willingly include food that seems to be unusual for them in their diet: herbivorous - animal food, predators - plant food. Among sea turtles there are predatory, herbivorous, and omnivorous species. Many freshwater species of turtles lead a predatory lifestyle in childhood, and when they mature, they become herbivorous.
1.3. What are the types of turtles?
Turtles are: sea, freshwater and land. They all have a hard outer shell, scaly skin, and a keratinized nose. They all breathe with lungs and have shells.
The most common type of turtle is the land turtle.Central Asian tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii), named after American biologist Thomas Horsfield. It can be found in clay and sandy deserts with vegetation, in river valleys. Central Asian tortoise common in northern and eastern Iran, Afghanistan, northwestern India and northern Pakistan, as well as in southern regions Kazakhstan and in the deserts of Central Asia.
II .Practical part
2.1 Central Asian tortoise.
Having studied with my mother many types of land turtles, we came to the conclusion that our Lucymiddle asian tortoise, also known as steppe turtle. The Central Asian tortoise is the most popular reptile for home keeping. Occasionally it is calledTortoise of Horsfield named after the British explorer. At my turtle the shell is low, rounded, yellowish-brown in color, with vague dark spots; the carapace has 13 horny scutes, the plastron has 16, 25 scutes are located on the sides of the carapace, each of the 13 scutes of the carapace has grooves, usually the number of grooves corresponds to the number of years lived by the turtle (similar to circles on a tree cut). On the front legs of my turtle - 4 fingers,it is a hallmarkCentral Asian tortoises . (Other turtles have 5 fingers).Medium-sized grey-brown headwith a hook-shaped upper jaw,at the slightest danger hides under the shell. The tip of the tail is pointed.Turtles reach sexual maturity: females from 10-12 years old, males from 5-6 years old; Turtles mate from February to August. The duration of pregnancy is 2 months, after which the female lays from 2 to 6 eggs. Incubation at a temperature of 28-30°C lasts 60-65 days. Turtles are born measuring only 3 cm in length and continue to grow throughout their lives. The size of an adult can be 15-25 cm. But, as a rule, they are not very large: males are smaller - 13-20 cm, females are slightly larger than the representatives of the stronger sex - 15-23 cm
2.2. Turtle age.
How to find out the age of turtles?
This question worries many. The horny scutes that cover the shell grow throughout the life of the turtle. On the shields are formedannualrings,like a cut tree trunk. From these rings, you can approximately determine the age of the animal, 2- 3 rings - correspond to one year of the turtle's life. Forto determine the age of my turtle, I measured the shell, its length is 9 cm. The number of rings on the shell is 6. Soshe is still very youngshe is approximately 3 years old. You can also find out the age of a turtle by its size and body weight.
Agenewborn
1 year
2 years
3 years
10 years
Length cm
3-3,5
4,4 -5
5,5-6
7,5 -9
From 15
Weight, grams
10-12
25-35
48-65
95-150
From 150
In nature, they live 40-50 years, and in captivity, 10-15 years.
2.3 Is it male or female?
For research, I took two more turtles from our friends.
After inspection, I determined. That my turtle Lucy and one of the ones taken have: a flat plastron, they are about the same size, on back side thighs with 4 horny tubercles, not very a long tail. All these signs tell us that these are females. The third turtle is noticeably smaller than the first two, on the back of the thigh there is 1 horny tubercle. The plastron is somewhat concave, the tail is long and thickened towards the base. All of these features are male.
Thus, I understood how to determine the sex of turtles.
2.4. Sense organs and hearing.
My Lucy hears very badly. If you approach her from behind so that she does not see, and start talking to her, calling her by name, then she does not turn her head and does not react in any way. This proves that she can hardly hear. Apparently, sounds do not play a leading role in the life of turtles. The ears of turtles are rather primitive. They don't have auricles.Perhaps the reason for the "voicelessness" of turtles is that they generally do not need a voice to protect themselves.
But the turtle sees very well. When someone else approaches the box, she immediately hides her head in a shell. If you release it on the floor and put the food away from it, the turtle easily searches, crawls and starts to eat.Turtles have well-developed color vision, as when looking for food, they are primarily guided by its color, and only then by smell and taste. They are primarily interested in red and green fruits and vegetables, as well as completely inedible objects of this color. For example: my turtle really likes green beads.
The turtle can hold its breath for a very long time. She can starve not only for months, but for whole years. Turtles are unusually tenacious; they endure the most severe wounds relatively easily. The chewing muscles are also unusually developed; my Lucy, clutching a rope or a stick with her mouth, can hang in this position all day long and does not come off even with strong rocking.
2.5. Keeping land turtles at home
Land turtles can be kept in the house. Here they can move freely around a well-heated apartment, live in a terrarium or in enclosures that are easy to keep clean.
The bottom of the aquarium can be filled with soil to a height of 4-6 cm, river gravel or a mixture of rounded pebbles with sifted earth is best suited for soil.
You can not use sand and small sawdust, and also leave the bottom of the terrarium bare. I learned that the turtle must dig the ground - this is its natural need, without these "exercises" it can get sick!
For the pool, you can use a trough that can completely accommodate a turtle. The terrarium must have heating (100 watt incandescent lamp per 100 liter aquarium). The temperature under the "sun" should be about 32 degrees, and in the opposite corner of the terrarium, "in the shade" - about 25 degrees. The turtle needs to bask "in the sun" every day for three hours in the morning and in the evening.
The Central Asian tortoise is very well adapted to temperature changes. Turtles hibernate from November to March at temperatures from +3º to +8ºС. The turtle does not hibernate if kept at the same temperature in both summer and winter. My turtle does not hibernate, but sleeps like a human - at night.
2.6. Turtle food at home.
The main food for turtles is plant food.. Nutrition monitoring. Watching the turtle, I made a table that shows what my turtle eats and what not, and how it behaves. She loves tomatoes, cabbage, peppers, meat, boiled eggs, carrots. Bad banana. Doesn't eat apples, flies, special food for turtles, and she didn’t even come close to bread.
Feeding occurs 2-3 times a week, food should not be left in the feeder for more than two hours. The feeder should always be clean, and the food in it should be fresh. Now it became clear to me why my turtle eats so rarely and little.Tortilla food purchased at a pet store, turtles can eat in winter time when there is no fresh grass.
According to observations, I concluded: the turtle eats 2-3 times a week, preferring fresh vegetables and plant leaves. This means that turtles eat once a day or less. The larger the turtle (more than 15 cm in shell), the less the need for food, because they have a slower metabolism.
Can't feed:
black bread;
river snails;
fish, meat, eggs;
potatoes, cabbage;
nuts;
citrus peel;
porridge and other products from your table;
dry and canned animal feed;
dairy products.
Give in limited quantities:
grape;
cucumber;
onion, garlic, asparagus, herbs.
2.7. Turtle watching.
Watching the turtle from the side, you can say that Lucy is very mobile, curious and cautious. She loves to be talked to and knows how to hide. In summer, the turtle briskly crawls around the apartment and on the grass outside. After the month of October, she moves slowly and sleeps most of the time with her head hidden under her shell.
The same Lucy has her habits. She likes to swim and swim in the water. She does not like being picked up, especially by strangers - she hisses and hides her head in her shell.
When she wants to eat, she raises her front paw up and stretches her head, as if asking for food. The turtle does not like to live in a box, but loves freedom and space. If put in a box, she crawls to the corner of the box and starts scratching it until she is released to run on the floor. After that, she likes to quietly crawl into secluded corners where no one can get her.
2.8. How to care for a turtle
In nature and when properly kept in captivity, the turtle grinds its beak and claws on its own. But, when the turtle is fed soft food and kept on sawdust, the claws and beak grow beyond measure, and they must be trimmed. Having learned this, I realized that I need to watch the claws and beak. When the claws prevent the turtle from moving, my mother and I trim or file the claws, and break off the beak or “bite off” along the edges with a powerful wire cutter.
Turtles periodically molt, only the skin on the head and legs changes. During this period, I bathe in warm water with the addition of 1 tablespoon of soda. After bathing, I lubricate the skin and shell with olive oil.
Turtles cannot live without water. Drinking water should be clean and warm, it is advisable to arrange "bath days" for the turtles once a week, placing them in a bowl of warm water (25-30 degrees) for 1-2 hours.
III .Conclusion
I received answers to my questions from many sources: from books, from friends, I looked for answers to my questions on the Internet. Watching my friend's pet, I learned that she likes what he likes. Turtles are not very beautiful, they do not know how to caress or play, but this does not mean that they can be mistreated or not fed for many days. Turtles need to be cared for just like any other pet.
In the course of his work on the topic "Land turtle at home» I made friends with the turtle, learned even more interesting things about habits and habits, learned to understand it, as well as take care of it on my own.
After my research I did conclusions:
1). The Mediterranean tortoise is unpretentious. It is easy to care for her, but you need to follow the rules of care and maintenance. The turtle is able to survive in artificially created conditions.
2). The behavior of a turtle depends on its diet and the food offered. It is necessary to diversify the turtle's diet according to the recommended diet.
3). In the course of the research, I found out that: a) I properly care for the turtle:
the presence of a terrarium;
feeding the right foods;
compliance with the frequency of feeding;
compliance with the walking regime.
b) I do not comply with all required conditions of detention, I need to:
increase the size of the terrarium;
make changes to the design of the terrarium, namely:
replace hay with soil;
sow oats or wheat;
use a quartz lamp in winter;
diversify the diet and add calcium to food.
I would like to hope that my research work will help curious peers take a different look at such, at first glance, ordinary and familiar, and at the same time, such a mysterious and mysterious land turtle. My research work can be used in the lessons of the world around. This work may be of interest to those who decide to have a land tortoise at home.
And let many adults say that the problematic questions that I tried to answer in my project are childishly naive, and the hypothesis put forward by me makes someone smile, so what, because I'm only 10 years old. I still have everything ahead of me. Perhaps in the near future I will unravel more than one mystery of turtles, or maybe I will get carried away with something else. Thanks to this work, I understood the main thing - "We are responsible for those we have tamed."
While working on a project I:
I learned to plan my work and follow the plan exactly;
I learned how to extract the information I need from various sources and highlight the main thing in it;
gained experience in observing animals, learned to generalize their observations and draw conclusions;
acquired new computer skills.
IV .Reminder for the care of the Mediterranean tortoise at home.
1. The presence of a 0.4 m terrarium 2 , which includes:
soil (peat mixture or garden soil) 5 cm deep;
growing oats or wheat;
quartz lamp;
bath tub.
2.Walking mode:
take out in the sun in summer;
winter use short-term irradiation with quartz lamps.
Winter hibernation for turtles is optional.
3.Power:
vegetables and fruits;
raw and boiled meat;
boiled egg; cottage cheese;
greens;
top dressing with calcium (purchased or in the form of crushed eggshells).
The water must not be dirty. The temperature is about 26-28 C.
What diseases can a turtle suffer from?
If symptoms of illness occur, contact your veterinarian. Keep your turtle out of contact with other pets.
The main diseases of turtles are:
1. Eye diseases .
Symptoms : inflammation of the eyes, swollen eyelids, redness of the mucous membrane of the eyes.
Treatment : bathe the turtle every day in a warm solution of furacilin and create additional warmth for it.
2.Cold diseases.
Cause : low temperature content.
Symptoms : discharge from the nasal passages, vesicles.
Treatment : Raise the temperature of the contents, use an infrared lamp.
3. Damage to the shell .
Cause : a turtle falling from a height.
Treatment : apply antibiotic ointment.
Buying a healthy pet
In order not to run the next day to the veterinarian for a treatment appointment, it is better to immediately buy a healthy turtle. Pay attention to everything:
observe her behavior, activity and coordination of movement;
the appearance must be free of damage and the presence of inappropriate stains;
shell of the correct form with even shields, densely adjoining each other;
the best way to determine if a turtle is healthy is to look into its mouth: the mucosa should be free of plaque, light pink in color and without viscous saliva;
there should be no discharge from the nose.
List of used literature.
1. Biological encyclopedic Dictionary 2nd publishing house. Modern
encyclopedia, 1989
2. Lukyanov M. Modern terrarium its inhabitants.
Citadel Publishing House 2001
Z. Novoselova T.L. Home zoo. Phoenix Publishing, 2006
4. A. Gurzhiy "Popular land turtles"
5. A. E. Chegodaev. Land turtles. - M. : LLC "AQUARIUM LTD", K. : GIPPV; 2002
6. http://enciklopediya.at.ua/children'sencyclopedia
7. http://cherepahi.ru/a site where everything is about turtles and for turtles
Application
Did you know?
1. Turtles have been living on earth for over 200 million years. They appeared before mammals, birds, crocodiles, snakes and even lizards.
2. The earliest turtles had teeth and could not hide their heads in their shells.
3. Most turtles do not like the cold, but there is one species, namely the Blading turtle, which swims under the ice in the Great Lakes region (USA, Canada)
4. Turtles have good eyesight, excellent sense of smell, hearing and touch, besides their shell contains nerve endings.
Myths about turtles:
All turtles are slow
The larger the land tortoise and the heavier its shell, the slower it is. Accordingly, freshwater and sea turtles are quite fast. Sea turtle can reach speeds up to 35 km / h.
2. All turtles are great swimmers
Only marine, freshwater and some land species swim well. Other terrestrial and even semi-aquatic species can drown in deep water.
3. All turtles live 100+ years
This is not true. Yes, turtles are long-lived, but only land turtles live up to 100 years or more giant turtles, for example, elephant, Galapagos. "Domestic" turtles (up to 30 cm long) usually live no more than 40-50 years, even with good maintenance, and even less with poor maintenance. Turtles, 50-70 cm long, live like people up to 70-80 years. That is, the age of the turtle directly depends on the maximum size of this species.
4. All turtles have hard shells.
If a turtle suffers from rickets, then its shell can become soft, that is, squeeze through, which can eventually cause death. Also, the Elastic Tortoises have a rather soft shell, which they need to protect themselves from predators (they hide in the cracks between the stones and "inflate", as a result of which the turtle is very difficult to pull out). And in soft-bodied turtles (trionics) and in leatherback turtles, the shell is covered on top not with horny shields, but with more or less keratinized skin
5. Turtles are amphibians
Absolutely wrong. Turtles are reptiles or reptiles, as are snakes, lizards, and crocodiles. Amphibians or amphibians include frogs, toads, newts, salamanders.
6. A turtle can come out of its shell.
Only if it is a semi-decomposed corpse, then the body itself will fall out of the shell. The shell is the fused bones of the ribs and spine. And just as a man cannot get out of his skeleton, so a tortoise cannot get out of his shell.
7. Turtles live on or in the sand
Since there are many species of turtles, they live in the steppes, forest-steppes, forests, ponds, lakes, rivers, seas and even mountains. Even in deserts, turtles do not live on bare sand, but rather a hard layer of soil with a small layer of sand.
8. Turtles are very smart and wise animals.
Most likely, the myth appeared due to the fact that the turtle lives for a long time, which means it is smart, because the knowledge base increases with age. Also false, because reptiles are "smarter" than amphibians, but "sillier" than mammals and even birds. And it has nothing to do with life.
The largest of the turtles is the tortoise that lived in Cretaceous and the sea-dwelling Archelon ischyros.
The size of her discovered skeleton reaches four meters. The possible mass of Archelon ischyros is up to 2.2 tons.
The turtle has a low, rounded brownish-brown shell. yellow color with blurry black spots 15 mm long. The head is light brown with a hook-shaped upper jaw. The tip of the tail is pointed. There are 4 claws on the forelimbs - this is a distinctive featureCentral Asian tortoises .
According to the number of rings on the shell: 2-3 rings are formed in 1 year. To be more precise, you can count several scales and then find the average value.
Rings appear when the turtle is not yet a year old. In very old specimens, the shell becomes especially smooth, like in newborns, and the annual rings turn pale.
MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL № 4, SHATURY
MOSCOW REGION
Topic:
reptiles
ANIMALS
4th grade student.
Supervisor: Shcheglova NataliaAlexandrovna–
primary school teacher
MBOU secondary school No. 4, Shatura
Moscow region.
G
. Shatura
I like animals a lot. I have loved exotic animals since childhood. With interest, I read magazines about animals, watched TV shows, searched for articles on the Internet. I have always dreamed of having a turtle, a crocodile, a rat, various fish, a chameleon. Began to be interested in literature about fish, cats, turtles. Turtles aroused my greatest interest. I wanted to have turtles at home to watch them.
I believe that the chosen topic is relevant and significant. Because those animals that ended up in our home need to create the most comfortable conditions for existence.
Hypothesis: The basis of the hypothesis was the assumption that by studying the life of turtles, I will be able to keep them at home. And also advise everyone who wants to have a turtle.
Target: learn about the origin, species, lifestyle, keeping the turtle in captivity.
Learn about different types of turtles;
pick up literature about turtles;
make your own observations
analyze the collected information and draw conclusions
Research methods:
reading educational literature;
search for information on the Internet;
help from parents and teachers;
1. How did turtles appear?
I studied many magazines, encyclopedias about turtles. With the help of adults, I found information about them on the Internet. With interest I watched TV shows that talk about these animals.
Turtles are one of the few ancient inhabitants of the Earth who have survived to this day.
The first turtle known to science, Odontochelys semitestacea, appeared 220 million years ago in Triassic period. The turtle had only the lower half of the shell, in the mouth of the ancient creature there were even teeth, which is not at all typical for a modern turtle. So far, 250 different species of turtles have survived.
The largest of the tortoises is the tortoise that lived during the Cretaceous period and lived in the Archelon ischyros sea.
The size of her discovered skeleton reaches four meters. The possible mass of Archelon ischyros is up to 2.2 tons.
Scientists say that turtles evolved from primitive reptiles - cotylosaurs. It is worth noting that these animals, like turtles, had a shell and beak of a tortoise type. However, unlike modern turtles, proganochels did not have the ability to retract their head and limbs into the shell.
2.Distribution.
Various species of turtles inhabit most of the land and waters of the tropical and temperate zones. They are not in cold regions, some deserts, on the Pacific coast South America, and in New Zealand.
On the territory of Russia there are loggerhead (Caretta caretta), leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), Far Eastern turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), bog turtle(Emys orbicularis), Caspian tortoise (Mauremys caspica), Mediterranean tortoise (Testudo graeca); in Kazakhstan and countries Central Asia also Central Asian tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii).
(
caretta caretta)
(Dermochelys coriacea)
3. Lifestyle and nutrition
Turtles are solitary and usually only seek companionship during the mating season, although some species may form groups during the winter.
Land turtles feed mainly on plant foods, while freshwater turtles, on the contrary, are mostly predators. They eat various fish, as well as mollusks, arthropods and other vertebrates. But both of them willingly include in their diet food, it would seem, unusual for them: herbivores - animal food, predators - vegetable food. Among sea turtles there are predatory, herbivorous, and omnivorous species. Many freshwater species of turtles lead a predatory lifestyle in childhood, and when they mature, they become herbivorous.
4. What are the types of turtles?
Turtles are: sea, freshwater and land. They all have a hard outer shell, scaly skin, and a keratinized nose. They all breathe with lungs and have shells.
The most common type of turtle is the land tortoise.
Having studied with my mother many species of land turtles, we came to the conclusion that we have Central Asian tortoise.
5. Age of turtles.
How to find out the age of turtles?
This question worries many. The horny scutes that cover the shell grow throughout the life of the turtle. Rings form on the shields. From these rings, you can approximately determine the age of the animal.
You can also find out the age of a turtle by its size and body weight.
| newborn | |||||
| Length cm | |||||
| Weight, grams |
6. Sense organs and hearing.
Perhaps the reason for the "voicelessness" of turtles is that they generally do not need a voice to protect themselves. After all, they have a wonderful shell of bone base covered with horny plates. The shell is comparable in size to a small car. With extreme slowness, turtles show amazing muscle strength. Even a small turtle can easily drag a boy on its back, and large ones can carry even an adult, a person is not able to stop a medium-sized sea turtle while moving.
The turtle can hold its breath for a very long time. She can starve not only for months, but for whole years. Turtles are unusually tenacious; they endure the most severe wounds relatively easily. The chewing muscles are also unusually developed; a small turtle, grabbing a rope or a stick with its mouth, can hang in this position for whole days and does not come off even with strong rocking.
Turtles have good sharp eyesight. respond well to bright colors- white, red, yellow. Turtles have a great sense of smell, and turtles also have excellent hearing, some of them have almost the same hearing as cats.
7. The birth of turtles.
Female turtles lay their eggs in the soil, which they dig with their hind legs. They can be deposited in the sand or hidden in a pile of rotten plants. The baby turtles hatch and rush to the water where they can take cover from their enemies.
6. Keeping land turtles at home
Land turtles can be kept in the house. Here they can move freely around a well-heated apartment, live in a terrarium or in enclosures that are easy to keep clean.
The bottom of the aquarium can be filled with soil to a height of 4-6 cm, river gravel or a mixture of rounded pebbles with sifted earth is best suited for soil.
Do not use sand and small sawdust, as well as leave the bottom of the terrarium bare.
I learned that the turtle must dig the ground - this is its natural need, without these "exercises" it can get sick!
For the pool, you can use a trough that can completely accommodate a turtle.
The terrarium must have heating (100 watt incandescent lamp per 100 liter aquarium).
The temperature under the "sun" should be about 32 degrees, and in the opposite corner of the terrarium, "in the shade" - about 25 degrees. The turtle needs to bask "in the sun" every day for three hours in the morning and in the evening.
As a house for a turtle, you can use an unnecessary flower pot before cutting it in half. The house should be roomy enough, because she should go completely crazy there.
7. Nutrition of turtles.
Turtles eat any edible fruits and berries, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, young leaves of trees, they are very fond of hercules. The diet depends on the age of the turtle. Adult turtles are fed 2-3 times a week, small turtles under the age of 1 year must be fed daily, but food should not be left in the feeder for more than two hours. The feeder should always be clean, and the food in it should be fresh. Now it was clear to me why my turtle eats so rarely and little.
Animals can get water different ways. To replenish their fluid reserves, turtles drink water from various bodies of water.
Drinking water given to turtles in captivity should be clean, warm.
It is also advisable to arrange "bath" days for the turtles at least once a week, placing them in a bowl of warm water. clean water.
8. Turtle Care
In nature and when properly kept in captivity, the turtle grinds its beak and claws on its own. But, when the turtle is fed soft food and kept on sawdust, the claws and beak grow beyond measure, and they must be trimmed. After learning this, I realized that I need to watch the claws and beak. When the claws prevent the turtle from moving, my mother and I trim or file the claws, and break off the beak or “bite off” along the edges with a powerful wire cutter.
8. Watching a turtle.
Looking at the turtle from the side, one can say that it is very mobile, curious and cautious. She loves to be talked to and knows how to hide.
As a rule, land turtles quickly get used to the new environment of their place of residence. They usually recognize the owner. Many turtles love to be stroked.
Eating during the day
According to the table, I concluded: the turtle eats 2-3 times a week, preferring fresh vegetables and plant leaves. This means that turtles eat once a day or less. The larger the turtle (more than 15 cm in shell), the less the need for food, because they have a slower metabolism. The basis of the diet is leafy greens (dandelions, plantain, clover, alfalfa, quinoa, carrot tops, lettuce). In winter, turtles willingly eat dried dandelions, germinated oats (you can also germinate other cereals and legumes), some houseplants(hibiscus, tradescantia, chlorophytum, aloe without skin)
9. Conclusion.
I received answers to my questions from many sources: from books, from friends, I looked for answers to my questions on the Internet. Watching my friend's pet, I learned that she likes what he likes. Turtles are not very beautiful, they do not know how to caress or play, but this does not mean that they can be mistreated or not fed for many days. Turtles need to be cared for just like any other pet.
In the course of my work on the topic “Adjacent Animals…”, I made friends with my friend’s turtle even more, learned a lot about the habits and habits of animals, learned to understand it, as well as take care of it on my own.
List of used literature.
1. Biological encyclopedic dictionary 2nd publishing house. Modern
encyclopedia, 1989
2. Lukyanov M. Modern terrarium its inhabitants. Citadel Publishing 2001
Z. Novoselova T.L. Home zoo. Phoenix Publishing, 2006
Adishcheva Daria
Project Manager:
Kravchenko Olga Petrovna
Institution:
MOU "Kizilskaya school No. 2"
Research project on the surrounding world "Care and nutrition of red-eared turtles" allowed the author to learn a lot of useful information about pets. A grade 3 student wanted to make sure her red-eared turtles were getting proper care and a balanced diet.
Author research work around the world, "Care and nutrition of red-eared turtles" identified several hypotheses for itself, which were used by the study. At this stage, the student proved that Pond slider at proper care can live long and comfortably at home.
In custody research project on the surrounding world "Care and nutrition of red-eared turtles" the student conducted a survey among her classmates and compiled a memo for them “Caring for the red-eared slider”.
In this research project in elementary school about red-eared turtles, a student of grade 3 studies the features of the red-eared turtle using literary sources, observes the behavior of the red-eared turtle at home, and also determines the correct care and diet of the red-eared turtle.
Introduction
1. Red-eared turtle. Description
2. Research part.
Conclusion
Bibliography
Application
Introduction
Turtles - one of the most ancient reptiles that currently live on Earth, they appeared on our planet about 200 million years ago.
Aquatic, and especially, red-eared turtles are by far one of the most popular exotic animals that live in our apartments. This is due, perhaps, to the fact that most species of these reptiles are ideal for living in apartments.
In 2016, we were presented with two turtles. Now they live with us. We named them apple(which is round) and Caterpillar(the shell is more elongated).
I became interested and decided to determine how to care for them, how and what to feed them properly so that they are healthy and feel good in captivity.
Target research work: to study the lifestyle and behavior of the red-eared turtle at home.
An object research: red-eared turtle.
Tasks:
- To study the features of the red-eared turtle, using literary data.
- Conduct observations of the behavior of the red-eared turtle at home.
- Determine the proper care and diet for the red-eared turtle.
In the course of the work, the following were used: the method of observation, survey data, work with literary sources.
I put forward hypothesis : The red-eared turtle, with proper care, can live long and comfortably at home.
I chose this topic in order to tell those who do not yet know what interesting animals these are, how to properly care for them. Maybe someone will be interested and want to have such a pet at home.
Scenario of a thematic conversation for younger students: Let's talk about turtles
Matveeva Svetlana Nikolaevna, primary school teacher, secondary school №9, Ulyanovsk.
Work description: I bring to your attention a thematic conversation with primary school students about turtles. This conversation is included in the cycle of conversations "Animals of our zoo". The material will be useful for elementary school teachers, after-school educators, kindergarten educators, educators of children's health camps and sanatoriums during events. Thematic conversation It is aimed at students of primary school age, possibly at preschoolers of preparatory groups.
Target: acquaintance with turtles.
Tasks:
- clarify children's knowledge about turtles;
- broaden the horizons of younger students;
- to develop the needs of children for the knowledge of nature, the world of birds;
- improve the environmental awareness of the children's population;
- develop feelings careful attitude to the animal world.
Event progress
Teacher: Hello guys! Please listen to a few riddles and try to guess who they are talking about.1. My house, everywhere with me.
It is placed behind the back.
I'm friends with frogs
I walk very slowly.
Not a bug at all
Who am I...? (Turtle).
2. Who has four paws,
Head, short tail
Shell on top in the form of a hat?
Who will answer the question? (Turtle).
3. I am friends with the guys,
I always go slowly.
My outfit is like a strong shield
For me alone it is sewn.
Checkered shirt -
Me kids... (Turtle).
Teacher: That's right, folks, it's a turtle.
(A photo of a turtle appears on the board.)
Teacher: Turtles are one of the most amazing types of reptiles. Living on Earth for millions of years, they still look almost the same today as they did in those days when there was no man on the planet yet. Turtles live on every continent except Antarctica, and also in warm seas and oceans.
Teacher: There is one ancient Indian legend. Once upon a time, daring giants lived on Earth, who considered themselves above the gods. The gods were angry, and a terrible battle took place between them. It lasted for a very long time. As a result, the giants could not stand it and fled to different sides. All that was left of them was their shields. The gods decided to breathe life into their shields in order to show everyone how powerful and strong they are. As a result, the shields, like giants, spread out in different directions, then their paws and heads grew, as a result of which they turned into beautiful turtles. This is how the first turtles appeared on earth.
Teacher: There are many turtles
Various types and breeds
There is a sea - who does not know
And she lives in the seas.
There is a land breed
What lives on dry land
In general, there are many turtles,
You will learn everything from the book!
(The teacher introduces the children to an exhibition of books about turtles).
Teacher: Turtles are currently divided into two groups: sea and land.
(Photographs of turtles appear on the board - representatives of two groups).
Teacher: sea turtles- large animals, they can be kept in huge pools with sea water. Ground turtles happen land or fresh water. Land tortoises live only on land, and water is used for drinking and bathing. There are about 40 species of them, and all of them are listed in the Red Book. Maybe that's why May 23 is World Turtle Day.
(A photo of the holiday appears on the board).
Teacher: Land tortoises live in warm climates. Animals are cold-blooded, and need to be heated by the sun, so their habitats are steppes, deserts or humid subtropical and tropical zones. At night, when the temperature drops, the turtles burrow into the ground heated during the day. And in the morning, when the sun begins to warm, they get out, substituting their shell for warmth. The main part of the diet is plant foods, occasionally small animals. These reptiles can do without food for a long time, and in the presence of lush vegetation - without water.
Teacher:
Who walks in the world
In a stone shirt?
In a stone shirt
They go... (Turtles).
"Stone Shirt" or the shell protects the delicate body of the tortoise from attacks. In case of danger, the animal hides its head and legs, almost completely hiding inside its armor, which prevents the enemy from attacking again. With their tough shells, turtles are considered one of the most secure animals in existence today. They also have massive paws ending in claws on their fingers. And now, guys, I invite you to take part in the questions section "Do you know that…".
Sample questions:
1. Turtles are the only vertebrate in the world with an external skeleton.
2. This is a cold-blooded species of reptile.
3. Galapagos giant tortoises with Seychelles could live 200 or more years.
4. Most large view- leatherback turtle, close to extinction. It can reach up to 2 m in length and weigh more than 1 ton.
5. The speed of the turtle depends on the ambient temperature.
6. In marine species, paws are in the form of flippers.
7. land species move with maximum speed about 5 km per hour.
8. Turtles do not have teeth; they have sharp horny stripes on the edge of the jaw.
9. The smaller the shell size of land turtles, the more agile they are.
10. Turtles, who spend almost their entire lives in the water, can swim at speeds up to 35 km/h.
11. A sea turtle with a shell length of 20 cm will easily bite through a thick branch.
Don't underestimate the power of turtles! Guys, have you heard that turtles have excellent eyesight? They distinguish colors and, in addition, have their favorite - the brightest! Turtles have an excellent sense of smell, with the help of which they easily manage to find a bowl of food.
Teacher: The next task is color the turtles. We will work individually.
(Children color the sheets with the image of turtles).
Teacher: I suggest you watch one fascinating and interesting cartoon about the friendship of a lion cub and a turtle. I wish you a pleasant viewing!
(Followed by watching the cartoon).
Teacher: Want to see more about some turtle species? Be sure to learn from the presentation.
(View presentation with teacher's comments).
Sample text:
Pond slider- belongs to the American family freshwater turtles. Translated from Latin means - striated, painted. These small turtles got their name due to the red parotid spot that most representatives of this species have. These turtles are medium in size. They feed on invertebrates, fish, amphibians and their tadpoles, carrion, as well as algae, aquatic and semi-aquatic plants.
Central Asian tortoise- belongs to the family of land turtles. It is about her that they say: “crawls like a turtle”, because compared to water turtles, it is a very slow and clumsy animal. Belongs to the genus of European land turtles. Inhabits desert zones and agricultural regions of Central Asia. Tortoise of medium size, carapace length 20-30 cm. Carapace yellowish-brown with dark areas on the scutes. There are four fingers on the forelimbs. They eat plant foods. The Central Asian tortoise chooses habitats near people. It is almost never found in Russia, with the exception of some southern regions.
For preschoolers and students of grade 1, you can conduct a lesson on the development of fine motor skills of the hands.
During the break, you can gymnastics for fingers "Turtle":
Turtle, turtle, (straighten your palms, clench into a fist)
Lives in a shell. (straighten your palms, clench into a fist)
Sticks out the head, (pull out the index finger, put it back)
It will take it back. (Pull out the index finger, put it back)
Finger gymnastics can be repeated several times.
Teacher: I recently visited the local zoo. I recommend everyone to visit it. Both freshwater and land turtles are represented here.
(Photos from the zoo appear on the board).
