Iskander missile. Now "Made by us" in Telegram

Fashion & Style 19.07.2019

Fashion & Style

There are magic words in world politics that terrify entire governments of countries. For example, the phrase " chemical weapon in Syria", or "Iran's nuclear weapons" causes the political elite of the Western countries to experience extreme military-diplomatic excitement. However, in terms of the speed of the reaction of the progressive public to such phrases, our Iskander has no equal. The mention of the Iskander-M OTRK, especially in the context of its deployment at someone's borders, inevitably entails a reaction close to hysteria from the media, the military and politicians of the border countries and their Western overlords. Let's see what is the secret of our neighbors so frightening magical properties this operational-tactical missile system.

The problem of the Iskander missile system is that it is impossible to "catch" it. Firstly, because during the flight the missile maneuvers with huge overloads, which are still inaccessible for any interceptor missile in service with the countries of the world. Secondly, it flies very low - up to 6 km from the surface at a speed of Mach 4, so it is almost impossible to detect it using standard radar tools. Thirdly, it throws out decoys to deceive the enemy radar, sets up active radio interference and “jamming” all emitters that are used to navigate the missile defense system in space. Those. "Iskander" can destroy any object within a radius of 500 km with an accuracy of 2 meters and a probability close to 100%. Theoretically, by launching a rocket from Kaliningrad, you can "get" to the government quarter in Berlin, and striking force strike can be easily increased by "hanging" a nuclear warhead on the missile. Such missile weapons no one in the world has. At the same time, the Iskander is extremely mobile and secretive - the probability of its detection, even by means of space reconnaissance, is very low. Within 1 minute, he launched a set of missiles and immediately left the place of deployment, turning off all devices.

The rocket is single-stage, has a single-nozzle engine, is non-ballistic and is controlled throughout the entire flight path using aerodynamic and gas-dynamic rudders. Most of the flight trajectory of a missile made using the Stealth technology and having a small dispersion surface passes at an altitude of 50 km, and on the approach section - 6-20 km (depending on the type of OTRK), which makes it an almost impossible task to defeat the enemy . The effect of "invisibility" is achieved through the combination design features, in particular, the treatment of the rocket with special nanostructured scattering coatings, the dropping of protruding parts after launch, etc. The trajectory of the Iskander is not only non-ballistic, but also difficult to predict. Immediately after the launch and immediately upon approaching the target, the rocket performs intensive maneuvering. Depending on the trajectory, overloads range from 20 to 30 units. Accordingly, the interceptor missile must withstand an overload at least 2-3 times higher, which is technologically impossible within the framework of the 4th technological order existing in the world and even the promising fifth.
Iskander-M - the main option for the Russian army - is significantly more complex than the exported Iskander-E. Less noticeable, more maneuverable at the start and at the end of the flight. In addition, it has not just an inertial guidance system, like Iskander-E, but a combined one, including radio correction, GPS, GLONASS, laser and optical homing in the final section. It is controlled by lattice rudders. The warhead is not separated in principle, because. the body serves to create lift in the final section.

In 2012, another complex, Iskander-K, which is a further development of M, passed the final tests. It launches even more accurate, already cruise missiles, which are equipped with small bearing surfaces, like on the R-37. Thanks to this, it became possible to fire along a flat trajectory, as, at one time, at the OKA complex, only much more accurately and faster. The missile can fly at an altitude of only 6 km (horizontal radars have no chance), it uses a combined seeker and interchangeable warheads. Two missiles in salvo can be completed different systems guidance and fire both on a hinged and flat trajectory.

Experts express the opinion that the combined use of the two brothers - Iskander-M and Iskander-K provide a synergistic effect, which is not able to counteract any of the existing missile defense systems. One of the missile technology experts, speaking on the forums under the nickname "Evil Critic", described the new product as follows: "It is known that both ballistic missiles (BR) and cruise missiles (CR), as well as their guidance systems, have a number of limitations on " current state"of the target being hit ... For example, if you bet ONLY on the Iskander-M, for example, with an optical-correlation system of final guidance on the target, and if you assume that you will have to hit the target at "X hour" with low clouds and intense visual opposition of the enemy, - the bet can be lost. Similarly, with the radar system of final guidance, similar in principle to that of the "Pershing-2", - here the "cards" can be confused by the enemy's intense REB. At the same time, low cloudiness, for example, and intense visual masking of the final object, will to a certain extent "on the drum" of the CR with an inertial and optical-correlation system that works out navigational corrections throughout the ENTIRE route (similar to Pendossk. CR ALCM) ... There is no target masking here will not help, - and here you need to ONLY shoot down, shoot down on the route or on the edge on the way to the target.

Finally, let's imagine a situation when Iskander-K and Iskander-M "approach" the target (the Czech missile defense radar or the gentry mines with GBI) - SIMULTANEOUSLY ... And each demonstrates "their own set of gadgets" , - "Iskander-M" - high-intensity maneuvering of a high-flying hypersonic target, "Iskander-K", - an extremely low flight profile (about 6 m) and following the terrain in a practically "autonomous" (i.e. not dependent on the search for a target on-board sensors) mode ... This is REALLY a situation close to 100% probability of hitting a target ... So, to combat EuroPRO, it really is Optimal COMBINATION"Iskander-M" + "Iskander-K". The whole point is to use these products at the same time, "in one blow"".

The German newspaper Bild, citing its sources, reported that Russia deployed Iskanders in the Kaliningrad region near the border with Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. This message was followed by the reaction of the US authorities, who immediately, through all channels of interaction, called on Russia not to destabilize the situation by deploying Iskanders in the west. "We would not want them to take steps that lead to destabilization in the region," said US State Department spokeswoman Marie Harf. Translated from diplomatic to human, it sounds something like this: “The deployment of Iskanders will upset the entire balance of power in Europe, and not in our direction. Anything but Iskander! Concern was also expressed in Poland and Latvia. Lithuanian Defense Minister Juozas Oleakas called it disturbing news, while Lithuanian presidential adviser Dalia Grybauskaite said that Russia's actions are not in line with declarations of a desire for closer cooperation with the European Union and NATO. Even China got nervous when he learned that missile system will be located near its border.

It should be noted that the hands of Azerbaijan were tied with the supply of Iskanders to Armenia, recent times who tried to play with military muscles in the region - the aggressive rhetoric against Yerevan stopped. In 2014, Armenia will complete the re-equipment of its missile units with ultra-precise and long-range missile systems. Armenian Defense Minister Seyran Ohanyan stated this at a press conference in Yerevan on January 24, answering a question from journalists about whether reports about the acquisition of Russian modern operational-tactical missile systems (OTRK) Iskander-M by Yerevan are true. Note that the export Iskander-E, not cut in capabilities with a range of 280 km and one missile in the launcher, but a full-fledged M, firing at a distance of up to 500 km and having 2 missiles at once (by the way, so far the only OTRK in the world capable of launch 2 missiles at once from one launcher). For Armenian friends, apparently, they made an exception due to the heated geopolitical situation throughout the CIS.

"Iskander" can deliver to the target cluster (with 54 submunitions), penetrating, high-explosive fragmentation, as well as nuclear warheads. This allows you to hit small and area targets, including enemy fire weapons, air defense and missile defense systems, aviation at airfields, command posts, etc. The structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan includes a missile, a self-propelled launcher, a transport-loading and command and staff vehicles, a mobile information preparation point, mobile units of technical and household provision, as well as sets of arsenal and training equipment.

The history of the creation of this OTRK began in the early 80s. The use of warheads of conventional (non-nuclear) equipment while maintaining the effectiveness of weapons forced developers to look for new ways to build a missile control system (CS). The accuracy of the inertial control system for solving this problem is insufficient, it should have been raised
about an order of magnitude. In the 80s. attempts have already been made in our country to solve this problem. Optical homing equipment was created for the Scud (we even managed to conduct ground tests and put the missile into trial operation in the troops). A non-nuclear warhead guided by a correlation-type radar seeker was developed for the Volga complex. The modernized "Oka" and "Tochka" had not only an inertial control system, but also an optical correlation-extreme guidance system, which was also not only tested, but also underwent trial operation in the troops. During the years of idle time of our military-industrial complex, the United States achieved great success in this direction: American rocket"Pershing-2", which was destroyed under the INF Treaty, a radar seeker was installed, identifying the terrain in the target area; optical homing systems are used in modern versions of Tomahawk and CALCM cruise missiles. Their effectiveness has been clearly demonstrated in Iraq and Yugoslavia.

The task of creating similar equipment for the Iskander was handled by the Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (TsNIIAG), a leading developer of guidance and control systems for domestic tactical and operational-tactical missiles, which has a 25-year backlog in the development of homing heads. As the main way to solve this problem, the combination of an inertial system with optical guidance along the surrounding terrain was chosen. Moreover, the homing head created at TsNIIAG can be used both as part of the Iskander and on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types (including intercontinental ones). This seeker has already passed flight tests and showed better accuracy than the Americans achieved on their Tomahawks.

The principle of operation of homing systems, which have the scientific name of correlation-extreme, is that the optical equipment forms an image of the terrain in the target area, which is compared in the on-board computer with the reference one, after which corrective signals are issued to the missile controls.

The optical seeker is universal and makes only one requirement for the inertial control system of the rocket: bring the latter to the point where the optics begin to see the target. Against such a head, the existing active electronic warfare systems are powerless, which very effectively counteract radar homing systems. The high sensitivity of the seeker allows you to work even on a moonless night, which distinguishes the new system from existing analogues. In addition, optical systems do not need signals from space radio navigation systems, such as the American NAVSTAR, which in crisis cases can be turned off by its owners or disabled by radio interference. By the way, many potential customers of Iskander-E put forward demands for independence from satellite navigation. At the same time, the integration of inertial control with satellite navigation equipment and optical seeker makes it possible to create a missile that hits a given target in almost any conceivable conditions.

Information about the target is transmitted from a satellite, a reconnaissance aircraft or an unmanned aerial vehicle to an information preparation point (IPP). It calculates the flight mission for the missile, which is then broadcast via radio channels to the command and staff vehicles (CSV) of the battalion commanders and batteries, and from there to the launchers. Commands for launching missiles can be formed both in the KShM and come from the command posts of senior artillery commanders. The PPI and KShM equipment is built on local networks Russian computers, and the functional purpose of the complex of control tools depends only on software and can be easily upgraded to handle a variety of weapons.

On October 11, 2011, the completion of the first stage of testing the updated Iskander-M missile system with new combat equipment was announced - with a new electronic warfare system, which provides cover for the missile in the final phase of the flight. This system includes means of setting passive and active interference with surveillance and firing radars of the enemy's air and missile defense, through noise and the release of decoys. Since 2013, new missiles have been supplied to the Russian army.
The 2012 CIA analytical review “On Strategic Risks and the Global Military-Political Situation in the World” contains a very revealing definition: “The Iskander operational-tactical missile system is a weapon capable of influencing military-political situation in the regions of the world, if the states located in them do not have an extended territory. Therefore, the issues of locating the Iskander complexes, as well as their export supplies, are the subject of political consultations between the countries.”

"Iskander" (9K720) family of operational-tactical missile systems (OTRK) ground forces: Iskander, Iskander-E, Iskander-K, Iskander-M. Designed for covert preparation and delivery of effective missile strikes against especially important small-sized and area targets in the depth of the operational formation of enemy troops.

OTRK "Iskander" (9K720) was created as a result of joint work of a group of research institutes, design bureaus and factories under the leadership of the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (KBM Kolomna), known as the creator of the missile systems "Tochka", "Oka". The launcher was developed by the Central Design Bureau "Titan" (Volgograd), the homing system was developed by the Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (Moscow).

Under the conditions of the 1987 INF Treaty and the refusal to use nuclear weapons on TVD to modern tactical complexes there are a number of fundamentally new requirements:

- the use of only non-nuclear weapons;
- ensuring precision shooting accuracy;
— control over the entire flight path;
- a wide range of effective combat equipment;
– the presence of an automation system in the complex combat control and information systems - - - - support, including the preparation of reference information for correction systems and final guidance;
- the possibility of integration with global satellite navigation systems (GSSN - Glonass, NAVSTAR);
- the possibility of hitting heavily protected targets;
- increase in fire performance;
- the ability to effectively overcome the action of air defense and missile defense systems;
— the possibility of hitting moving targets.

To meet the above requirements, an export version of the OTRK 9K720 was created, which received the designation "Iskander-E." "Iskander-E" incorporated the best scientific, technical and design achievements in the field of operational-tactical missile systems and, in the totality of implemented technical solutions, high combat effectiveness is a weapon of a completely new generation, superior in its performance characteristics existing RK 9K72 Elbrus, Tochka-U, Lance, ATASMS, Pluton, etc.

The main features of the RK 9K720 "Iskander":

high-precision and effective defeat various types goals;
the possibility of covert training, combat duty and effective missile strikes;
automatic calculation and input of the flight task of missiles by means of launcher;
high probability of accomplishing a combat mission in the face of active opposition from the enemy;
high probability of failure-free functioning of the rocket in preparation for launch, as well as in flight;
high tactical maneuverability due to the high cross-country ability of combat vehicles mounted on all-wheel drive chassis,
strategic mobility due to the transportability of vehicles by all modes of transport, including transport aviation;
combat control automation missile units,
prompt processing and dissemination of intelligence information to the relevant command and control levels;
long service life and ease of use.

Iskander-E, in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics, fully complies with the position of the Control Regime for the Non-Proliferation of Missile Technologies. This is a “deterrence weapon” in local conflicts, and for countries with limited living space, a strategic weapon. The structure of the complex, its control system, automated combat control and information support allow you to quickly respond to new requirements without significant modification of its combat means and, as a result, guarantee it a long life cycle.

For the armament of the Russian army, a variant of the Iskander-M missile system with an increased flight range (more than 450 km) was developed, as well as the Iskander-K, equipped with high-precision cruise missile P-500 (range up to 2600 km) of the Caliber system developed by the Yekaterinburg OKB Novator OJSC. The complex was successfully tested in 2007. at the Kapustin Yar training ground.
In 2007, Iskander-M complexes (four combat vehicles) was equipped with a training division in Kapustin Yar, which took part in the war with Georgia in August 2008.

In the west, the complex was designated SS-26.

The complex "Iskander" includes:

rocket 9M723;
self-propelled launcher 9P78 (SPU);
transport-loading vehicle 9T250 (TZM);
command and staff vehicle 9S552 (KShM);
mobile information preparation station 9S920 (PPI);
regulations machine and Maintenance(MRTO);
life support machine;
sets of arsenal and training equipment.

Rocket 9M723 complex "Iskander"

Solid propellant, single-stage with a warhead that cannot be separated in flight. The rocket is controlled throughout the flight path using aerodynamic and gas-dynamic rudders. The flight path of 9M723 is not ballistic, but controlled. The rocket is constantly changing the plane of the trajectory. It maneuvers especially actively in the area of its acceleration and approach to the target - with an overload from 20 to 30g. In order to intercept a 9M723 missile, an anti-missile must move along a trajectory with an overload two or three times higher, and this is practically impossible. Most of the flight trajectory of a missile made using the 'Stealth' technology and having a small reflective surface passes at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of it being hit by the enemy. The effect of 'invisibility' is achieved through a combination of design features and processing of the rocket with special coatings.

The rocket is launched directly at the target using an inertial control system, and then it is captured by an autonomous correlation-extreme optical homing head (see photo). The principle of operation of the OTR 9M723 homing system is that the optical equipment forms an image of the terrain in the target area, which is compared by the on-board computer with the standard introduced during the preparation of the rocket for launch. Optical head has increased resistance to existing media electronic warfare and allows successful missile launches even on moonless nights, when there is no additional natural target illumination, hitting the target with an error of plus or minus two meters.

No tactical system in the world can solve such a problem, except for the Iskander. In addition, optical systems do not need signals from space radio navigation systems, which in crisis cases can be turned off or disabled by radio interference. Integration of inertial control with satellite navigation equipment and optical seeker allows you to create a missile that hits a given target in almost any conceivable conditions. The homing head can also be used on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types.

The missile can be equipped with various warheads (10 types in total), including:

cluster warhead with fragmentation submunitions of non-contact detonation;
cluster warhead with cumulative fragmentation submunitions;
cluster warhead with self-aiming submunitions;
cluster warhead volumetric detonating action;
high-explosive fragmentation warhead (OFBCH);
high-explosive incendiary warhead;
penetrating warhead (PrBCh).

The cassette warhead provides deployment at an altitude of 0.9-1.4 km with further separation and stabilization of the combat elements. The combat elements are equipped with radio sensors, the undermining of the combat elements is carried out at a height of 6-10 m above the target.

Thanks to the implementation of terminal control and guidance methods, control over the entire flight path, a wide range of powerful warheads and the integration of the onboard control system with various systems correction and homing, as well as a high probability of completing a combat mission in the face of active enemy opposition, typical targets are hit by the launch of only 1-2 Iskander-E missiles, which is equivalent in efficiency to the use of a nuclear weapon.

Self-propelled launcher 9P78-1 (SPU) RK 9K720 "Iskander-M"

The fully autonomous SPU is placed on an 8x8 off-road wheeled chassis (MZKT-7930) and is designed for storing and transporting missiles, preparing for launch and launching within the firing sector ±90° relative to the SPU arrival direction. SPU provides: automatic determination of its coordinates, data exchange with all control links, combat duty and preparation for launch with the missile in a horizontal position, single and salvo launches of missiles, storage and testing of missiles. The most important feature of the launcher was the placement on it of not one (as in Tochka and Oka), but two missiles.

The time spent by the launcher at the launch position is minimal and is up to 20 minutes, while the interval between launches of the 1st and 2nd missiles is not more than one minute. Missile launches do not require launching positions specially prepared in engineering and topographic and geodetic terms, which can lead to their disclosure by the enemy. Launches can be carried out from the so-called "readiness from the march", i.e. the launcher drives into any site (except for swampy terrain and loose sands) and its calculation in an automated cycle, without leaving the cockpit, prepares and launches the rocket. After that, the launcher moves to the reloading point and, after loading the missiles, is ready to deliver a second missile strike from any starting position.

Transport-loading vehicle 9T250-1 (TZM) RK 9K720 "Iskander-M"

TZM is also placed on the MZKT-7930 chassis and is equipped with a jib crane. Full combat weight - 40000kg, calculation of TZM - 2 people.

Command and staff vehicle 9S552 (KShM) of the Iskander missile system

The automated control system is built on the basis of a command and control vehicle unified for all levels of control, made on the chassis of the KAMAZ family. Adjustment to a certain level of control (brigade, division, starting battery) is carried out programmatically during operation. To ensure information exchange, the launcher is equipped with combat control and communications equipment. Information exchange can be carried out both through open and closed communication channels.

Iskander is integrated with various intelligence and control systems. Information about the target is transmitted from a satellite, a reconnaissance aircraft or an unmanned aerial vehicle (of the Reis-D type) to an information preparation point (IPP). It calculates the flight mission for the missile and prepares reference information for missiles with OGSN. Then this information is transmitted via radio channels to the command and staff vehicles (KShM) of the battalion commanders and batteries, and from there to the launchers. Commands for launching missiles can be formed both in the KShM and come from the command posts of senior artillery commanders.

It is placed on the chassis of the Kamaz family and is intended for routine checks of on-board equipment of missiles placed on TZM (as well as in containers), checks of devices that are part of the group sets of spare parts and accessories for the elements of the complex and current repairs of missiles by the forces of the MRTO calculation. The mass of the vehicle is 13500 kg, the deployment time is 20 minutes, the time of the automated routine check of the rocket's onboard equipment is 18 minutes, the calculation is 2 people.

Life support vehicle of the Iskander missile system

Designed to accommodate combat crews (up to 8 people) for recreation and meals.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the complex "Iskander" (9K720)

Circular probable deviation……….5-7 m (“Iskander-M” using a missile with a correlation seeker), up to 2 meters.
Launch weight of the rocket………………..3 800 kg
Warhead weight………………..480 kg
Length………………..7.2 m
Diameter………………..920 mm
Rocket speed after the initial section of the trajectory………..2 100 m/s
Max Height trajectories………………..50 km.
Minimum target engagement range………..50 km
Maximum target engagement range………500 km Iskander-K (2000 km with R-500 cruise missile); 280 km Iskander-E (export)
Time to launch the first rocket………………..4-16 minutes
Interval between launches…………1 minute (for 9P78 launcher with two missiles)

Photo of the Iskander missile system

Transfer of the brigade set of Iskander-M missile systems to the 112th missile brigade.
July 08, 2014 - at the Kaspustin Yar training ground

It is interesting

Designed to engage combat units in conventional equipment of small and area targets in the depth of the operational formation of enemy troops.

Conditions for the creation of the complex

The operational-tactical missile system (OTRK) "Iskander" ("Iskander-E" - export, "Iskander-M" - for the Russian army) was created under the conditions of the Treaty on Medium and short range(INF) 1987 and the renunciation of the use of nuclear weapons in theaters of military operations by the opposing sides. In this regard, the complex was created taking into account such fundamentally new requirements for newly developed missile systems as: refusal to use nuclear weapons and the use of combat units only in conventional equipment, ensuring high firing accuracy, missile control throughout (most of) its trajectory flight, the ability to install warheads on a missile, taking into account the type of targets being hit, a high degree of automation of the processes of information exchange and control of combat work.
At the same time, the complex should be able to use data from global satellite navigation systems (GLONASS, NAVSTAR), hit mobile and stationary targets with a high degree of protection, have increased fire performance, and effectively overcome enemy air and missile defense systems.

The new Russian OTRK fully meets the above requirements, which was shown by its preliminary tests with combat missile launches in June 2007. So, when reporting to the President of the Russian Federation, Deputy Prime Minister S. Ivanov noted that the launch new rocket was successful, and its deviation from the intended point of fall did not exceed one meter. This was confirmed by control data obtained from various means of objective control.

The complex was developed by cooperation between research institutes, design bureaus and enterprises under the leadership of Design bureau mechanical engineering (KBM, Kolomna). This design bureau is known as the creator of the missile systems "Tochka", "Tochka-U", "Oka", portable anti-aircraft systems(such as "Strela-2", "Strela-3", "Needle") and other weapons.
The launcher of the complex was developed by the Central Design Bureau "Titan" (Volgograd), the missile homing system was developed by the Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (Moscow).

Purpose

The mobile high-precision operational-tactical missile system (OTRK) is designed to engage combat units in conventional equipment of small and area targets in the depth of the operational formation of enemy troops.
Targets can be:
Various means of fire damage (missile systems, multiple launch rocket systems, long-range artillery);
anti-missile and air defense;
airplanes and helicopters at airfields;
command posts and communication centers;
the most important objects of civil infrastructure;
Other important small and area targets on enemy territory.
High mobility and short preparation time for launching missiles provide covert preparation of the Iskander OTRK for combat use.

Compound

The main elements that make up the Iskander OTRK are: a rocket, a self-propelled launcher, a transport-loading vehicle, a routine maintenance vehicle, a command post vehicle, an information preparation point, a set of arsenal equipment, and training equipment.

The missile of the Iskander complex is a solid-propellant, single-stage, with an inseparable warhead in flight, a guided and vigorously maneuverable missile throughout the flight path that is difficult to predict. It maneuvers especially actively on the starting and final stages of the flight, on which it approaches the target with a high (20-30 units) overload. This necessitates the flight of an anti-missile to intercept the Iskander OTRK missile with an overload 2-3 times greater, which is practically impossible at present.

Most of the trajectory of the Iskander missile, made using stealth technology with a small reflective surface, passes at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of it being hit by the enemy. The effect of "invisibility" is provided due to the combination of design features of the rocket and the treatment of its surface with special coatings.

To bring the missile to the target, an inertial control system is used, which is subsequently captured by an autonomous correlation-extreme optical homing head (GOS). The principle of operation of the missile homing system is based on the formation by the optical equipment of the GOS of the image of the terrain in the target area, which the on-board computer compares with the standard introduced into it when preparing the missile for launch. The optical homing head is characterized by increased sensitivity and resistance to existing electronic warfare equipment, which makes it possible to launch missiles on moonless nights without additional natural illumination and hit a moving target with an error of plus or minus two meters. At present, no other similar missile system in the world can solve such a problem, except for the Iskander OTRK.

It is characteristic that the optical homing system used in the rocket does not need corrective signals from space radio navigation systems, which in a crisis situation can be disabled by radio interference or simply turned off. The integrated use of an inertial control system with satellite navigation equipment and an optical seeker made it possible to create a missile that hits a given target in almost any possible conditions.

The homing head installed on the Iskander OTRK missile can be installed on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types.

To destroy various types of targets, the missile can be equipped with ten types of warheads (cluster warhead with non-contact fragmentation warheads, cluster warhead with cumulative warheads, cluster warhead with self-aiming warheads, cluster warhead of volumetric detonating action, high-explosive fragmentation warhead, high-explosive - incendiary warhead, penetrating to a great depth warhead). A cassette warhead deploys at an altitude of 0.9-1.4 km, where combat elements of various actions are separated from it and continue their stabilized flight. They are equipped with radio sensors that ensure their detonation at a height of 6-10 m above the target.

The launch mass of the rocket is 3800 kg, the payload mass is 480 kg.

The self-propelled launcher (SPU) is used to store and transport two missiles, their pre-launch preparation and launch at a target in a sector of ± 90 degrees relative to the direction of its position on the ground. The autonomous SPU is placed on an 8x8 off-road wheeled chassis (MAZ-79306 "Astrologer"), which ensures its high mobility.
To ensure information exchange, the SPU is equipped with combat control and communications equipment.

The SPU provides automatic determination of its coordinates, data exchange with all command and control units, combat duty, storage and preparation of missiles for launch when they are in a horizontal position, as well as their single and salvo launch. The time spent by the SPU at the starting position from the start of preparation to the start of movement after the launch of the missiles does not exceed 20 minutes, with the interval between the launches of the 1st and 2nd missiles not more than one minute.

Launching missiles does not require launching positions specially prepared in engineering and topographic and geodetic terms. Missiles can be launched in the “ready from the march” mode - the launcher occupies the site (except for swampy terrain and loose sands) from the march, the crew prepares and launches the rocket without leaving the cockpit. After the launch of the missiles, the SPU goes to the point of reloading with new missiles and is ready to deliver a second missile strike from any starting position.

Gross weight - 42 tons, payload - 19 tons, speed on the highway ( dirt road) 70 (40) km / h, fuel range - 1000 km. Calculation - 3 people.

The transport-loading vehicle (TZM) is designed to store two missiles, transport them and load the SPU. The TZM is placed on the chassis MAZ-79306 ("Astrologer") and is equipped with a crane. Full combat weight - 40000 kg, calculation - 2 people.

The command and staff vehicle (KShM) is designed to provide automated control of the Iskander OTRK. It is unified for all levels of control and is placed on the wheeled chassis of the KAMAZ family of vehicles. The use of KShM in the control link of a missile brigade, a missile division, a launch battery is provided by programs and their appropriate settings during operation. Information exchange between various elements complex can be carried out in open and closed modes.

Main characteristics: number of automated workstations - 4, maximum range radio communications in the parking lot (on the march) - 350 (50) km, task calculation time for missiles - up to 10 s, command transmission time - up to 15 s, number of communication channels - up to 16, deployment (clotting) time - up to 30 min., continuous operation time - 48 hours.
The machine of regulations and maintenance (MRTO) is located on the wheeled chassis of a vehicle of the Kamaz family and is designed for routine checks of the on-board equipment of missiles placed on TZM (as well as in containers), checking devices that are part of group sets of spare parts and accessories for complex elements and current repairs missiles by calculation forces MTO.

The mass of the vehicle is 13.5 tons, the deployment time does not exceed 20 minutes, the time of the automated routine check of the rocket's onboard equipment is 18 minutes, the calculation is 2 people.

The information preparation point (PPI) is designed to determine the coordinates of the target, prepare the necessary information and bring it to the self-propelled launcher.

The PPI has two automated workstations, ensures the determination of the coordinates of the target and bringing them to the SPU in no more than 2 and 1 minutes, respectively. Able to conduct continuous combat work for 16 hours.

The life support vehicle is designed to accommodate combat crews (up to 8 people), their rest and meals.

Features of the complex
OTRK "Iskander" was created using modern scientific, technical and design achievements in the field of development of operational-tactical missile systems. In terms of the totality of implemented technical solutions, high combat effectiveness, today it is precision weapons new generation, which in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics surpasses the existing domestic missile systems "Scud-B", "Tochka-U", as well as foreign analogues Lance, ATACMS, Pluton and others.

The main features of the Iskander-type OTRK are:
high-precision effective destruction of various types of targets;
the possibility of covert combat duty, preparation for combat use and launching missile strikes;
· automatic calculation and input of the flight task for missiles when they are placed on the launcher;
high probability of accomplishing a combat mission in the face of active opposition from the enemy;
· high operational reliability of the rocket and its non-failure operation in preparation for launch and in flight;
· high tactical maneuverability due to the placement of combat vehicles on all-wheel drive chassis of high cross-country ability;
· high strategic mobility, which is ensured by the possibility of transporting combat vehicles by all modes of transport, including aviation;
· a high degree of automation of the process of combat control of missile subunits;
fast processing and timely delivery of intelligence information to the necessary command and control levels;
Long service life and ease of use.

The Iskander missile system, in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics, fully complies with the requirements of the Missile Technology Non-Proliferation Control Regime. It is a "weapon of deterrence" in local conflicts, and for countries with a limited territory - a strategic weapon. The structure of the complex, its control system, automated combat control and information support make it possible to quickly respond to new requirements without significant refinement of its combat means and, as a result, guarantee it a long life cycle.

OTRK "Iskander" is integrated with various intelligence and control systems. It is capable of receiving information about a target assigned for engagement from a satellite, reconnaissance aircraft or an unmanned aerial vehicle (of the Reis-D type) to an information preparation point (PPI). It calculates the flight task for the rocket and prepares the reference information for the rockets. This information is transmitted via radio channels to command and staff vehicles of battalion commanders and batteries, and from there to launchers. Commands to launch missiles can come from the KShM or from the command posts of senior artillery commanders.

Placing two missiles on each SPU and TZM significantly increases firepower missile battalions, and an interval of one minute between missile launches on different targets ensures high fire performance.
In terms of its effectiveness, taking into account the combined combat capabilities, the Iskander operational-tactical missile system is equivalent to a nuclear weapon.

The index of the complex is 9K720, according to the classification of the US Defense Ministry and NATO - SS-26 Stone, eng. Stone

Family of operational-tactical missile systems (OTRK): Iskander, Iskander-E, Iskander-K, Iskander-M. The complex was created in the Kolomna Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (KBM). For the first time, the Iskander was shown publicly in August 1999 at the MAKS aerospace show.

Story

The development of the Iskander OTRK was started in accordance with the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated December 21, 1988 No. 1452-294 “on the start of development work on the creation of the Iskander OTRK”, as a result, including the personal efforts of the chief KBM designer S. P. Invincible, who proved to the Military-Industrial Commission of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR the need to create a missile system instead of the Oka OTRK, which does not fall under the provisions of the treaty with the United States on the INF Treaty.

On October 11, 2011, the first stage of testing the updated Iskander-M missile system with new combat equipment was completed. The 9M723 missile of the Iskander-M complex is equipped with a new, correlation guidance system.

Ammunition

The Iskander complex includes two types of missiles: ballistic 9M723 and cruise missiles bearing the index 9M728.

The rocket of the 9M723 complex has one stage with a solid propellant engine.

The trajectory of movement is quasi-ballistic (not ballistic, maneuvering), the rocket is controlled throughout the flight using aerodynamic and gas-dynamic rudders. Made with the use of technologies for reducing radar visibility (the so-called "stealth technologies"): small scattering surface, special coatings, small size of protruding parts. Most of the flight takes place at an altitude of about 50 km. The rocket conducts intensive maneuvering with overloads of the order of 20-30 units in the initial and final sections of the flight. The guidance system is mixed: inertial in the initial and middle sections of the flight and optical (using the GOS developed by TsNIIAG) in the final section of the flight, which achieves a high hit accuracy of 5-7 m. It is possible to use GPS / GLONASS in addition to the inertial guidance system. There are several modifications of the rocket that differ in warhead and telemetry.

On September 20, 2014, during the Vostok-2014 command-and-staff exercises, the Iskander-M missile system was fired for the first time with a 9M728 type cruise missile. The launches were made by the 107th separate missile brigade (Birobidzhan). Developer and manufacturer - OKB "Novator". Chief designer- P.I. Kamenev. Rocket tests took place from 05/30/2007. Firing range: maximum - up to 500 km.

Since 2013, it is planned to supply missiles equipped with an electronic warfare system to the Russian Armed Forces, which provides cover for the missile in the final flight segment. This system includes means of setting passive and active interference with surveillance and firing radars of the enemy's air and missile defense, using noise and the release of decoys.

Options

Option for Russian armed forces, 2 missiles on launchers, the firing range in various sources varies from that declared for Iskander-E - 280 km - up to 500 km (it is not indicated with what type of warhead (warhead mass) the corresponding range is achieved). The flight altitude is 6-50 km, most of them usually pass at maximum altitude. Controllable throughout the flight. The flight path is not ballistic, difficult to predict. The missile is made using the technology of low radar visibility and also has a radar absorbing coating and is a relatively small target in its natural physical size. Predicting a target in an early interception attempt is further complicated by heavy maneuvering during takeoff and descent to the target. When descending to the target, the missile maneuvers with an overload of 20-30 units, descending at a speed of 700-800 m / s (these figures exceed or are on the verge of the capabilities of the best medium-range missile defense / air defense systems), at an angle of about 90 degrees (in some cases only the angle of attack is sufficient for the complete defenselessness of the attacked missile defense system, and even more so for air defense, especially short-range ones), so Iskander-M has a number of advantages over analogues, and high capabilities not only of hitting a target, but even of means of protection in the form modern systems PRO.

The missile carries a complex set of passive and active interference; when approaching the target, false targets and jammers are additionally fired. Sample M is additionally equipped with an electronic warfare system to disrupt the operation of the enemy radar. All this also provides the missile with high combat effectiveness in comparison with simpler similar missiles.

Maneuvering at high altitude is provided by speed and aerodynamic rudders. Such maneuvering is not intensive, but imposes extremely high requirements for the reaction time for the interceptor (in a hundredth of a second, missiles approach tens of meters, the reaction time of one of the fastest missile defense systems is more than 5 seconds, as well as air defense systems for open sources). If the interceptor is kinetic, this also requires successful trajectory prediction with high accuracy. In order to successfully intercept a ballistic target with a high probability, previously created before the non-ballistic Iskander complexes, it was early enough to detect a target of the appropriate size and speed, and, having predicted the trajectory, ensure interception. However, Iskander changes his trajectory. The Oka complex, the predecessor of Iskander, could change the target while maintaining a stable trajectory before and after the maneuver, thereby moving away from the interceptor, or at least reduced the effective protection zone, requiring time to recalculate the meeting point.

Export version, firing range 280 km, warhead weight 480 kg. It is a simplified version of the Iskander-M. Rocket maneuvering at high altitude is provided by aerodynamic rudders and a flight speed of 2100 meters per second throughout the high-altitude flight. Satisfies the conditions of the missile technology control regime.

Variant using cruise missiles, firing range 500 km, warhead weight 480 kg. The flight altitude of the rocket is about 7 meters when reaching the target, and not higher than 6 km, the rocket is automatically corrected all the time of the flight and automatically goes around the terrain. For the Iskander-K OTRK, R-500 cruise missiles with a range of 2000 km are also being assembled.

Combat use

There is no reliable information about the combat use of the Iskander complexes, however, there were reports refuted by the Russian military that the complex was used during the Georgian-South Ossetian armed conflict in 2008.

According to Shota Utiashvili, head of the Analytical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, Russia used Iskander missile systems at facilities in Poti, Gori and the Baku-Supsa pipeline.

In blogs, Utiashvili's statement was widely discussed and was perceived ambiguously, since some of the photographs of several march stages presented as evidence do not refer to the Iskander, but to the 9M79 missiles of the Tochka-U complexes, while the other part of the photographs really shows fragments with applied code 9M723, corresponding to the designation of the missiles of the Iskander complex.

Mikhail Barabanov, an expert in the Moscow Defense Brief, indicates that the Iskander complex was used at the location of a separate tank battalion in Gori. As a result of a direct hit of the warhead in the weapons depot of the Georgian battalion, it was blown up. The author notes that this information is based on unverified sources. A Dutch commission investigating the death of RTL Nieuws cameraman Stan Storimans in Gori on August 12, 2008 determined that the journalist had been killed by a single 5mm steel ball. According to the BBC, the Dutch commission expressed an expert opinion that the Iskander was the carrier of the cluster munition, but the report did not indicate on what grounds such a conclusion was made. Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the data provided by the Dutch side is not enough to determine the type of media. Earlier, Human Rights Watch put forward another version, according to which the cause of the death of the Dutch journalist was RBC-250 aviation cluster bombs.

Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, Colonel-General Anatoly Nogovitsyn denied all reports of the use of Iskanders in Georgia, saying that the Iskander complex during the fighting in South Ossetia not used.

A little about politics

The Iskander operational-tactical missile system is a weapon that can affect the military-political situation in some regions of the world if the states located in them do not have an extended territory. Therefore, the issues of the location of the Iskander complexes, as well as their export supplies, are the subject of political consultations between the countries.

On November 5, 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, addressing the Federal Assembly, said that the response to the American missile defense system in Poland would be the deployment of Iskander missile systems in the Kaliningrad region. But after the US refused to deploy missile defense in Eastern Europe Medvedev said that in response, Russia would not place this complex in the Kaliningrad region. Due to the escalation of tension between Russia and the United States, at the end of 2011, the issue of deploying the Iskander OTRK in the Kaliningrad region remained open. On November 23, 2011, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev again announced that Russian Federation is ready to deploy the Iskander complex if the NATO countries continue to deploy the missile defense system in Europe.

On January 25, 2012, it became known that the first division of the Iskander tactical missile systems in the Kaliningrad region would be deployed and put on combat duty by Russia in the second half of 2012. However, on the same day, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation denied this information, stating that no decision had been made at the General Staff on approving the staff of the military unit of the Baltic Fleet, armed with Iskander missile systems. On December 15, 2013, the German media, citing sources in the security structures, reported that Russia had deployed Iskander missile systems in the Kaliningrad region. This is evidenced by satellite images showing at least ten Iskander-M complexes deployed in Kaliningrad, as well as along the border with the Baltic countries. The deployment may have taken place during 2013.

The complexes were transferred to the Kaliningrad region during military exercises and a sudden check of the combat readiness of the Western Military District and the Northern Fleet in December 2014 and March 2015.

In 2005, it became known about plans to supply Iskander complexes to Syria. This caused a sharp negative reaction from Israel and the United States. During a visit to Israel, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a ban on such supplies to prevent upsetting the balance of power in the region. In August 2008, during a visit to Moscow, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad expressed his readiness to deploy complexes in Syria.

On February 15, 2010, the President of the unrecognized Transnistria, Igor Smirnov, spoke in favor of deploying Iskanders in the republic in response to plans to deploy US missile defense systems in Romania and Bulgaria.

In service

Russia (as of February 2016): 6 brigades (72 SPU)

26th missile brigade of the Western Military District (Luga) - the re-equipment of the brigade began in 2010 with the delivery of 6 complexes (PU), in 2011 the formation of the first brigade (12 launchers) was completed;
-107th missile brigade of the Air Defense Forces (Birobidzhan) - completely re-equipped on June 28, 2013 (12 launchers);
-1st missile brigade of the Southern Military District (Krasnodar) - the transfer of equipment took place on November 14, 2013 (12 launchers);
-112th separate guards missile brigade of the Western Military District (Shuya) - the transfer of equipment took place on July 8, 2014 (12 launchers);

92nd separate missile brigade (Orenburg) of the Central Military District - the transfer of equipment took place on November 19, 2014 (12 launchers);
-103rd separate missile brigade (Ulan-Ude) VVO - the transfer of equipment took place on July 17, 2015 (12 launchers);
By 2018, it is planned to re-equip all missile brigades on the Iskander OTRK

Main characteristics

Purpose of the complex

Designed to engage combat units in conventional equipment of small and area targets in the depth of the operational formation of enemy troops. It is assumed that it can be a means of delivery of tactical nuclear weapons.

Most likely targets:

Means of fire damage (missile systems, multiple launch rocket systems, long-range artillery)
- means of anti-missile and air defense
-airplanes and helicopters at airfields
- command posts and communication centers
- the most important objects of civil infrastructure

The composition of the complex

The complex includes six types of vehicles (51 units per missile brigade):

-Self-propelled launcher (SPU) (9P78-1)

12 pcs. - designed for storage, transportation, preparation and launch of two missiles at the target. Iskander can be made on the basis of a special wheeled chassis manufactured by the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (MZKT-7930). GVW 42 t, payload 19 t, highway/dirt road speed 70/40 km/h, fuel range 1000 km. Calculation 3 people.

- Transport-loading vehicle (TZM) (9T250 (9T250E))

12 pcs. - designed to transport an additional two missiles. Made on the MZKT-7930 chassis, equipped with a loading crane. Full combat weight 40 tons. Calculation of 2 people.

- Command and staff vehicle (KShM) (9S552)

11 pcs. - designed to control the entire Iskander complex. Assembled on a KAMAZ 43101 wheeled chassis. R-168-100KAE "Aqueduct" radio station. Calculation 4 people. Characteristics of KShM:
-maximum range of radio communication in the parking lot / on the march: 350/50 km
- task calculation time for missiles: up to 10 s
- command transmission time: up to 15 s
- number of communication channels: up to 16
- Deployment (clotting) time: up to 30 minutes
- continuous work time: 48 hours

-Machine regulations and maintenance (MRTO)

Designed to check the on-board equipment of missiles and instruments, to carry out current repairs. Made on a KamAZ wheeled chassis. The mass is 13.5 tons, the deployment time does not exceed 20 minutes, the time of the automated routine check cycle of the on-board equipment of the rocket is 18 minutes, the calculation is 2 people.

- Information preparation point (PPI) (9S920, KAMAZ 43101)

Designed to determine the coordinates of the target and prepare flight missions for missiles with their subsequent transfer to the SPU. PPI is interfaced with reconnaissance means and can receive tasks and assigned targets from all necessary sources, including from a satellite, aircraft or UAV. Calculation 2 people.

- Life support machine (LJO)

14 pcs. - designed to accommodate, rest and eat combat crews. Made on a wheeled chassis KAMAZ 43118. The machine includes: a rest compartment and a household supply compartment. The rest compartment has 6 wagon-type beds with folding upper deck chairs, 2 lockers, built-in lockers, an opening window. The household supply compartment has 2 lockers with seats, a folding lifting table, a water supply system with a 300-liter tank, a tank for heating water, a pump for pumping water, a drain system, a sink, a dryer for clothes and shoes.

-A set of arsenal equipment and training aids

Combat characteristics

Circular error probable: 10-30 m (depending on the guidance system used); 5-7 m ("Iskander-M" using a missile with a correlation seeker)
- Launch weight of the rocket: 3 800 kg
-Warhead weight: 480 kg
- Length: 7.2m
- Diameter: 920mm
-Rocket speed after the initial part of the trajectory: 2,100 m/s. Maximum overloads during the flight - 20-30G (the rocket maneuvers in flight both in height and in the direction of flight). The maximum height of the trajectory is 50 km.

Minimum target engagement range: 50 km
-Maximum target range:
-500 km Iskander-K (2000 km with R-500 cruise missile)
-280 km Iskander-E (export)
- Guidance: INS, GLONASS, Optical seeker
-Time to launch the first rocket: 4-16 minutes
- Interval between launches: 1 minute (for 9P78 launcher with two missiles)
-Temperature operating range: ?50 deg.C to 50 deg.C
- Service life: 10 years, including 3 years in the field

Head types

In normal gear:
- cassette with 54 fragmentation submunitions of non-contact detonation (work at a height of about 10 m above the ground)
- cassette with cumulative fragmentation submunitions
- cassette with self-aiming submunitions
- cassette volumetric detonating action
- high-explosive fragmentation (OFBCH)
- high-explosive incendiary
- penetrating (PrBCh)
-special (nuclear)

Iskander (9K720) is a family of operational-tactical missile systems (OTRK) of the ground forces: Iskander, Iskander-E, Iskander-K, Iskander-M. Designed for covert preparation and delivery of effective missile strikes against especially important small-sized and area targets in the depth of the operational formation of enemy troops.

Iskander missile system - rocket launch video

OTRK "Iskander" (9K720) was created as a result of the joint work of a group of research institutes, design bureaus and factories under the leadership of the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (KBM Kolomna), known as the creator of the missile systems "Tochka", "Oka". The launcher was developed by the Central Design Bureau "Titan" (Volgograd), the homing system was developed by the Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (Moscow).

Under the conditions of the 1987 INF Treaty and the renunciation of the use of nuclear weapons in the theater of operations, a number of fundamentally new requirements are imposed on modern tactical systems:

the use of only non-nuclear weapons;
ensuring precision shooting accuracy;
control over the entire flight path;
a wide range of effective combat equipment;
the presence in the complex of a combat control automation system and an information support system, including the preparation of reference information for correction and final guidance systems;
the possibility of integration with global satellite navigation systems (GSSN - "Glonass", "NAVSTAR");
the possibility of hitting heavily protected targets;
increase in fire performance;
the ability to effectively overcome the action of air defense and missile defense systems;
the possibility of hitting moving targets.

To meet the above requirements, an export version of the OTRK 9K720 was created, which received the designation "Iskander-E". is a weapon of a completely new generation, surpassing in its tactical and technical characteristics the existing RK 9K72 "Elbrus", "Tochka-U", "Lance", "ATASMS", "Pluton", etc.

The main features of the RK 9K720 "Iskander":

high-precision and effective destruction of various types of targets;
the possibility of covert training, combat duty and effective missile strikes;
automatic calculation and input of the flight mission of missiles by means of the launcher;
high probability of accomplishing a combat mission in the face of active opposition from the enemy;
high probability of failure-free functioning of the rocket in preparation for launch, as well as in flight;
high tactical maneuverability due to the high cross-country ability of combat vehicles mounted on all-wheel drive chassis,
strategic mobility due to the transportability of vehicles by all modes of transport, including transport aviation;
automation of combat control of missile units,
prompt processing and dissemination of intelligence information to the relevant command and control levels;
long service life and ease of use.

"Iskander-E" in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics fully complies with the position of the Regime of Control over the Non-Proliferation of Missile Technologies. This is a "weapon of deterrence" in local conflicts, and for countries with limited living space - a strategic weapon. The structure of the complex, its control system, automated combat control and information support make it possible to quickly respond to new requirements without significant refinement of its combat means and, as a result, guarantee it a long life cycle.

For the armament of the Russian army, a version of the Iskander-M missile system with an increased flight range (more than 450 km) was developed, as well as the Iskander-K, equipped with a high-precision R-500 cruise missile (range up to 2600 km) of the Caliber system developed by the Yekaterinburg OJSC "OKB" Novator ". The complex was successfully tested in 2007 at the Kapustin Yar test site.
In 2007, the Iskander-M complexes (four combat vehicles) were equipped with a training division in Kapustin Yar, which took part in the war with Georgia in August 2008.

In the west, the complex was designated SS-26.

The complex "Iskander" includes:

rocket 9M723;
self-propelled launcher 9P78 (SPU);
transport-loading vehicle 9T250 (TZM);
command and staff vehicle 9S552 (KShM);
mobile information preparation station 9S920 (PPI);
machine regulations and maintenance (MRTO);
life support machine;
sets of arsenal and training equipment.

Rocket 9M723 complex "Iskander"

Solid propellant, single-stage with a warhead that cannot be separated in flight. The rocket is controlled throughout the flight path using aerodynamic and gas-dynamic rudders. The flight path of 9M723 is not ballistic, but controlled. The rocket is constantly changing the plane of the trajectory. It maneuvers especially actively in the area of its acceleration and approach to the target - with an overload from 20 to 30g. In order to intercept a 9M723 missile, an anti-missile must move along a trajectory with an overload two or three times higher, and this is practically impossible. Most of the flight trajectory of a missile made using the Stealth technology and having a small reflective surface passes at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of it being hit by an enemy. The effect of "invisibility" is achieved due to the combination of design features and the treatment of the rocket with special coatings.

The rocket is launched directly at the target using an inertial control system, and then it is captured by an autonomous correlation-extreme optical homing head (see photo). The principle of operation of the OTR 9M723 homing system is that the optical equipment forms an image of the terrain in the target area, which is compared by the on-board computer with the standard introduced during the preparation of the rocket for launch. The optical head has increased resistance to existing electronic warfare equipment and allows successful missile launches even on moonless nights, when there is no additional natural target illumination, hitting the target with an error of plus or minus two meters.

The missile can be equipped with various warheads (10 types in total), including:

cluster warhead with fragmentation submunitions of non-contact detonation;
cluster warhead with cumulative fragmentation submunitions;
cluster warhead with self-aiming submunitions;
cluster warhead volumetric detonating action;
high-explosive fragmentation warhead (OFBCH);
high-explosive incendiary warhead;
penetrating warhead (PrBCh).

Thanks to the implementation of terminal control and guidance methods, control over the entire flight path, a wide range of powerful warheads and the integration of on-board control systems with various correction and homing systems, as well as a high probability of completing a combat mission in conditions of active enemy opposition, typical targets are hit by launching just 1- 2 Iskander-E missiles, which is equivalent in efficiency to the use of a nuclear weapon.

Self-propelled launcher 9P78-1 (SPU) RK 9K720 "Iskander-M"

The fully autonomous SPU is placed on an 8x8 off-road wheeled chassis (MZKT-7930) and is designed for storing and transporting missiles, preparing for launch and launching within the firing sector ±90° relative to the SPU arrival direction. The SPU provides: automatic determination of its coordinates, data exchange with all command and control units, combat duty and preparation for launch with the missile in a horizontal position, single and salvo launches of missiles, storage and testing of missiles. The most important feature of the launcher was the placement on it of not one (as in Tochka and Oka), but two missiles.

Transport-loading vehicle 9T250-1 (TZM) RK 9K720 "Iskander-M"

TZM is also placed on the MZKT-7930 chassis and is equipped with a jib crane. Full combat weight - 40000kg, calculation of TZM - 2 people.

Command and staff vehicle 9S552 (KShM) of the Iskander missile system

"Iskander" is integrated with various intelligence and control systems. Information about the target is transmitted from a satellite, a reconnaissance aircraft or an unmanned aerial vehicle (of the Reis-D type) to an information preparation point (IPP). It calculates the flight task for the missile and prepares reference information for missiles with OGSN. Then this information is transmitted via radio channels to the command and staff vehicles (KShM) of the battalion commanders and batteries, and from there to the launchers. Commands for launching missiles can be formed both in the KShM and come from the command posts of senior artillery commanders.

It is placed on the chassis of the Kamaz family and is intended for routine checks of on-board equipment of missiles placed on TZM (as well as in containers), checks of devices that are part of group sets of spare parts and accessories for the complex elements and current repairs of missiles by the MRTO crew. Vehicle weight - 13500 kg, deployment time - 20 minutes, time for an automated routine check of the missile's onboard equipment - 18 minutes, crew - 2 people.

Life support vehicle of the Iskander missile system

Designed to accommodate combat crews (up to 8 people) for recreation and meals.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the complex "Iskander" (9K720)

Circular probable deviation .......... 5-7 m ("Iskander-M" using a missile with a correlation seeker), up to 2 meters.
Starting mass of the rocket ............... 3 800 kg
Mass of the warhead .................... 480 kg
Length.................7.2 m
Diameter.................920 mm
Rocket speed after the initial part of the trajectory ........... 2 100 m / s
The maximum height of the trajectory .................... 50 km.
Minimum range of target destruction ........... 50 km
Maximum target engagement range ......... 500 km Iskander-K (2000 km with the R-500 cruise missile); 280 km Iskander-E (export)
Time to launch of the first rocket .............................. 4-16 minutes
Interval between launches......................1 minute (for 9P78 launcher with two missiles)