Russian anti-aircraft missile system Sosna. Anti-aircraft missile system 'Sosna'

Forum "Army-2018", held in Kubinka near Moscow, continues to delight fans military equipment novelties of the domestic military-industrial complex. On the eve of the public, an anti-aircraft gun was presented for the first time. missile system short range"Pine". Previously, this combat vehicle could only be judged by a few photographs, layouts and sketches. The Sosna air defense system is designed to protect ground forces from various air threats both while moving and in position.

The developer of this complex is JSC " Design department precision engineering them. Nudelman". Work on its creation began in the 90s of the last century.

A worthy replacement for the well-deserved "Arrow"

The Sosna anti-aircraft missile system can rightly be called one of the longest-running projects of the Russian defense industry. Back in the early 90s, the legendary designer Shipunov proposed creating a new combat vehicle to replace the outdated Strela-10 air defense system. The idea was accepted and its implementation began. It was planned that the developed complex will receive modern system optoelectronic control, as well as new rocket with non-contact-contact laser fuse. In addition, the efforts of the designers were aimed at increasing the survivability of the machine and its noise immunity, increasing the accuracy of shooting and improving the working conditions of the crew.

Models of the new air defense system have been "roaming" around various exhibitions since about the middle of the last decade. The prototype of the combat vehicle was first demonstrated to specialists in 2013, after which the process of testing and fine-tuning the product began. Only at the end of 2016 was the readiness of the new complex and plans for its purchase by the Ministry of Defense officially announced. He received the designation "Pine".

The Sosna short-range air defense system is a self-propelled combat vehicle that has a full set of means for detecting targets and missile weapons for their destruction. The complex demonstrated in Kubinka is based on the MT-LB tracked armored transporter, but the developer assures that another chassis can be chosen at the request of the customer. Sosna will be able to destroy all means of air attack, including cruise and aircraft missiles, unmanned vehicles, aircraft and helicopters. The target engagement range is from 1.3 to 10 km, the height is from 20 m to 5 km. The reaction time of the air defense system from the moment an air object is detected is 5-8 seconds. The Sosna crew consists of two people - a driver and an operator.

The main weapon of the air defense system is twelve 9M340 Sosna-R guided missiles located in launchers. Each of them weighs approximately 30 kg. SAMs are equipped with a laser guidance system. Them maximum speed is 900 meters per second. Reloading is carried out by the crew manually and takes about 10 minutes.

An interesting feature of the Sosna anti-aircraft missile system is the complete rejection of radar detection tools. Monitoring of the air situation and search for targets is carried out only at the expense of optoelectronic systems. Rocket control is also carried out using a combined technique, in which optical means play a significant role.

Observation of the air situation and targeting is carried out using a block of optoelectronic equipment. Its main elements are a thermal imager and a day camera. Another thermal imaging device is used to track the fired missile. In addition, the block is equipped with three laser installations: two of them work as rangefinders, one more is needed to control the missile.

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The Sosna anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) is designed to protect military units and subunits in any form of combat operations, including on the march, from air attack and reconnaissance means of a potential enemy.

The complex ensures the destruction of helicopters, aircraft, WTO weapons, cruise missiles, remotely controlled vehicles and lightly armored ground equipment at any time of the day in conditions of limited visibility in the presence of natural and artificial interference at a distance of up to 10 km.

The lead developer of the complex is OJSC Design Bureau of Precision Engineering named after A.E. Nudelman". The development of the complex has been carried out since 1987. The main areas of work were to increase the combat stability of the complex, reduce the cost of the combat vehicle. The increase in the combat stability of the air defense system was achieved by refusing to use radar detection systems, in order to reduce the vulnerability to anti-radar weapons of the enemy.

The Sosna air defense system has a modular design, the components of which can be installed on various carriers with a payload capacity of at least 3.5 tons, and also be made in stationary versions. At the request of the customer, the complex can be manufactured both in a combined rocket and cannon version (see photo), and in only a cannon or rocket.

For service Russian army a missile version of the complex is proposed on the chassis of a multi-purpose lightly armored tractor MTLB.

For the first time, the complex in the form of posters was demonstrated at the international arms exhibition in Abu Dhabi IDEX-2003 and MAKS-2003, in the future, various options and components of the complex were repeatedly exhibited at various exhibition venues.

The Sosna air defense system is completely unified with the ship's missile and artillery system in terms of its main structural elements - means of destruction and control. The Sosna-R missile from the complex is also used in the Strela-10M4 air defense system.

As of 2013, the complex was being tested.

Compound

Part combat module complex includes:

• two packages with six Sosna-R missiles in transport and launch containers,
• optoelectronic control system,
• digital Computing System,
• guidance mechanisms,
• power supply system.

Rocket "Sosna-R" - two-stage with a detachable engine. After the rocket leaves the container, control is carried out using a radio command system, which brings it to the line of sight, then the starting engine is separated and the noise-immune laser guidance system is turned on.

Warhead: fragmentation-rod for destruction on the span, armor-piercing fragmentation for destruction with direct hits. The fuse is a non-contact laser fuse with a continuous circular radiation pattern and an adaptive detonation time.

The rocket does not need additional checks or tests during its entire service life. The small mass of the rocket made it possible to exclude the transport-loading vehicle from the complex.

Initially, the complex used a two-stage anti-aircraft guided missile 9M337 (see photo_1, photo_2, photo_3), currently the Sosna air defense system is equipped with 9M340 (9M340E) missiles (see photo_1, photo_2, photo_3, photo_4, photo_5).

The 9M337 missile is capable of defeating targets flying at altitudes up to 3500 meters. The range of destruction is from 1.3 to 8 km, while the flight time of the missile is maximum range is 11 seconds. Warhead weighing 5 kg. The mass of the rocket in the transport and launch container is 36 kg, without the container - 25..26 kg.

The optical-electronic control system of the complex has high accuracy characteristics for determining the coordinates of targets, noise immunity and secrecy of action and provides automated combat operation of the complex from the moment targets are detected to firing them.

It consists of: an optical-electronic module (OEM), a digital computer system, drives for horizontal and vertical guidance of weapons, a control and indication panel, a power supply, automatic capture and tracking missiles and targets.

The OEM is placed on a gyro-stabilized platform and serves for autonomous or according to external target designation (radar, higher command post) target detection, automatic or semi-automatic tracking, high-precision determination of its coordinates (target sighting angles and range) and issuing them to a digital computer system for firing.

The OEM includes:

• television system,
• thermal imaging channel
• laser rangefinder with beam deflection device,
• equipment for a laser-beam missile control channel,
• thermal imaging channel of the direction finder of the rocket,
• climate control device.

Autonomous target detection is carried out by a television channel with a wide field of view, and the determination of the distance to it is carried out by a laser rangefinder operating in automatic mode.

Rockets and myself anti-aircraft complex are protected from interference by several methods implemented at the design level at once. Thus, the location of the laser radiation receiver in the rear of the rocket does not allow to distort or drown out the control signal. Noise immunity of the ground part of the complex is ensured by a narrow field of view of television and thermal imaging channels, as well as the use of special computational algorithms that allow identifying a target by its characteristic features. The complex is practically insensitive to radar and optical countermeasures used by the enemy.

The combination of a high level of missile performance and control system allows you to get large areas of destruction (see diagram). The Sosna air defense system can be used as part of a battery, including a mixed one, receiving target designation from a battery control center or command vehicle, as well as autonomously. The battery of the Sosna air defense system, using a sector search, can do without external target designation, carrying out a circular review and target detection in a passive mode, which makes PRR attacks impossible.

Tactical and technical characteristics

In Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) on April 14 opens international exhibition armaments DSA-2014, which will be attended by leading holdings and enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Russia.. Plans to present a large exposition. Among its exhibits are - anti-aircraft missile system "Sosna".

SAM "Sosna" is designed to destroy almost all means of air attack, including precision weapons types of cruise missiles and guided aircraft missiles, in the area of ​​responsibility: in range - up to 10 km, in height - up to 5 km, as well as the destruction of lightly armored ground vehicles.

The basic principles of building the complex:
. placement on one combat vehicle of missile weapons with launcher, means of detecting and tracking targets, means of controlling missiles in flight, united by a single optoelectronic control system (OECS) for weapons;
. the use of missile weapons, consisting of 12 high-speed precision missiles"Sosna-R", placed on the launcher, the small mass of which made it possible to exclude the transport-loading vehicle from the complex;
. the use of SAM combat equipment of the optimal configuration, which made it possible to dramatically increase the effectiveness of the impact due to an increase in the mass of spaced warheads and the use of a non-contact-contact laser fuse with a continuous circular radiation pattern with an adaptive detonation time;
. the use of a specially developed original multi-channel automatic high-precision, all-day and almost all-weather OESU;
. use of combined control system missile weapons- radio command system at the launch site, after the engine is separated and the rocket is brought to the line of sight - teleorientation in the laser beam;
. providing the possibility of combat work in the mode of obtaining a centralized target designation and in the mode of autonomous, automated scanning using the OESU.

The main advantages of the air defense system "Sosna":
. high efficiency combat use, including high-speed and low-flying targets, as well as helicopters on a jump;
. high degree automation of the process of combat work;
. the ability to conduct combat work at any time of the day and in difficult weather conditions;
. secrecy of the firing preparation process and high survivability;
. no restriction on the minimum flight altitude of the target being hit;
. insensitivity to radar and optical countermeasures used by the enemy;
. the possibility of firing on the move.

Main characteristics:
Armament - 12 pcs. SAM "Sosna-R"
Mass of UR / SAM in TPK 30 / 42 kg
Caliber before and after rocket separation 130 / 72
Maximum rocket speed - 875 m / s
Guidance system - combined
Damage zones: in range up to 10 km, in height up to 5 km
Round-the-clock application - provided
Reaction time: 5-8 seconds, recharge time 10 minutes
Operating modes: autonomous and under centralized control

Anti-aircraft guided missile "Sosna-R"

Anti-aircraft guided missile "Sosna-R" ensures the destruction (defeat) of helicopters, aircraft, anti-aircraft weapons, cruise missiles, remotely controlled vehicles and lightly armored surface and ground equipment.

Structure and basic principles of construction
. Two-stage rocket with detachable engine
. Combined guidance system:
by radio command at the start
on laser beam on the march
. Lack of routine checks and maintenance during operation and storage
. Warhead:
fragmentation-rod warhead for destruction on the span
armor-piercing fragmentation warhead for direct hits
. Proximity-contact laser fuse with a continuous radiation pattern and adaptive detonation time
. Accommodation in a transport and launch container.

Main performance characteristics
Damage zones: in range / in height up to 10 km / up to 5 km
Speed: maximum / average with guidance 875 m/s / 565 m/s
Caliber: before and after separation of the SAM 130 mm / 72 mm
Mass of missiles / missiles in TPK 30 kg / 42 kg
SAM length in flight / in TPK: 2317 mm / 2400 mm

With the development of air-military technology, there was a need for weapons ground forces and protection personnel from a surprise air attack. To this end, short-range weapons began to be adopted in the Russian army. Their main purpose is to protect units from attack by enemy aircraft in all types of combat, as well as on the march.

Development history

The idea to create a lightweight one, which is the Pine, appeared back in 1990. Member Russian Academy Sciences Shipunov A. G. proposed to design a lightweight version of equipment based on the Strela-10 air defense system by introducing a laser guidance system for missiles and an optical-electronic control system.

The development of a new model of air defense systems began in 2005 and is still ongoing. The sample was first presented to the public in 2013 at a conference dedicated to the development of technology air defense in the city of Smolensk. Then the first tests were carried out. It is expected that after the final tests in 2017, the Sosna air defense system will be approved and put into service.

Goals and objectives of the complex

On the early stages The development of the complex was aimed at increasing the combat potential of the Strela-10 air defense system and increasing its endurance. In accordance with this, the basic design principles were formulated:

• introduction of the Sosna-10R anti-aircraft guided missile into the basis of the complex;
• creation new system control of a missile defense system teleoriented in the laser beam;
• introduction of a multi-channel optical-electronic weapon control system with automatic control, protected from electronic interference and capable of operating around the clock, in almost any weather;
• creation of automatic and semi-automatic modes of aiming fire.

Among other things, Sosna missiles were supposed to become more effective due to precise targeting, the use of several types of fuses (non-contact and contact laser with a circular diagram), as well as by reducing the flight time to the target by increasing the initial speed.

SAM design

The lightly armored multi-purpose chassis LT-MB of the Soviet amphibious armored personnel carrier serves as the basis for the combat vehicle. Moreover, the main elements can be mounted both on and on the pneumatic wheel structure. In addition, the Sosna air defense system can be installed on floating vessels and presented as a stationary installation on land.

The main requirement for the platform is a load capacity of at least 4 thousand kg. Common transporters BTR-82, BMP-3 and BMD-4 can be used as a basis. In this case, the composition of the combat module will include:

• optoelectronic control system (OESU);
• guidance system and power mechanisms;
• digital computing facility;
• packages with six Sosna-R missiles in the amount of two pieces.

SAMs are located in special transport and launch containers; they do not need to be checked for performance throughout the entire service life. If desired, the complex can be designed in several versions.

Tactical and technical characteristics

The combination of the high characteristics of the rocket and the efficient operation of the optical-electronic control system with laser guidance made it possible to increase the radius of destruction of aircraft by the Sosna air defense system. The performance characteristics of the new model compared to the prototype ("Strela 10MZ") are at a higher level.

The complex can be used as part of a battery (including batteries of mixed composition). In this case, either the battery control point or the command vehicle will be responsible for target designation. In addition, the air defense system can independently aim at targets using a sector search and operating in a passive mode, which at the same time makes it difficult to detect.

Anti-aircraft guided missile "Sosna-R"

SAM "Sosna-R" is a new development of Russian military engineers. Its mass is only 7 kg, which made it possible to exclude the charging machine from the Sosna air defense system.

The rocket consists of three elements:

• an armor-piercing warhead to defeat the enemy in direct contact with him;
• combat fragmentation-rod part, which is used for non-contact destruction of air equipment;
• laser contact-non-contact fuse equipped with a combined control system.

The Sosna short-range air defense missile system is a two-stage missile with one detachable rocket engine. With the exit from the transport and launch container, the direction of flight of an anti-aircraft guided missile is controlled by a radio command system. She also brings the rocket to the line of sight. After that, the starting engine is separated, and the protection against radio interference is turned on. Further pursuit of the target is carried out using a laser guidance system.

Optoelectronic control system

Feature of the new anti-aircraft missile system is an optoelectronic control system. Thanks to her, the air defense system:

• has high accuracy;
• instantly and accurately determines the coordinates of the target;
• protected from radar interference;
• able to covertly fire at the enemy.

From the moment of detection to the destruction of enemy aircraft, the Sosna air defense system can operate in fully automatic mode.

The characteristics of the OESU are almost incomparable.

The optoelectronic module is installed on a gyro-stabilized platform and is capable of operating in semi-automatic mode, when the complex is controlled by the machine operator, but many computing processes take place in a digital block. Semi-automatic guidance mode is preferable to use in a difficult combat situation.

Protection technology

Even in the early stages of the development of the complex, it was decided to abandon the use of radar target detection systems. This decision subsequently increased the degree of protection of the combat vehicle from enemy anti-radar systems - it became practically invulnerable to them.

Anti-aircraft guided missiles, like Sosna itself - short-range air defense systems, are protected from interference by several methods at once, which are embedded in their design. The laser radiation receiver is located in the tail section of the SAM, which makes it impossible to block and distort the control signal.

Protection against interference from the ground part of the complex is created due to the narrow field of view of television and thermal imaging channels. If necessary, the air defense system is equipped with means of visual and thermal camouflage.

Assessment of air defense systems in Russia

During field and state tests, the command of the armed forces Russian Federation highlighted a number of advantages of the new Sosna air defense system (photo attached) compared to previous representatives of short-range missile systems:

1. The effectiveness of the destruction of both high-speed and low-flying aircraft, including helicopters and UAVs.
2. Controlled level of automation for detecting and destroying targets in combat.
3. Ability to work around the clock and in all weather conditions.
4. An almost imperceptible process of deploying the complex on alert.
5. No height restrictions, the possibility of destroying ground equipment.
6. The ability to fire from a place, in motion and during short stops.

The command noted the low cost of both the combat vehicle and anti-aircraft guided missiles. It was suggested that after successful tests in 2017, the complex will be adopted by the Russian army.

Do not confuse! ZRPK "Sosna-RA" and SAM "Sosna"

Under the index "Pine" in the Russian army adopted various types of weapons and military equipment. Most often, the Sosna-RA mobile towed anti-aircraft missile and gun system and the air defense system presented in the article are confused.

Sosna-RA, like the missile system, can either act as an independent combat unit or be mounted on various vehicles.

Unlike its "older brother", the ZRPK is designed to cover ground forces only from low-flying aircraft. Like the Sosna air defense system, the Sosna-R short-range missiles are used to destroy air targets. Perhaps this is the only common feature of the two presented units of military equipment.

An interesting promotional video posted by a colleague Alexei Khlopotov of JSC “Design Bureau of Precision Engineering named after M.V. A. E. Nudelman" with a demonstration prototype long-range anti-aircraft missile complex "Sosna" with anti-aircraft guided missiles 9M340 "Sosna-R" with a laser beam guidance system. Fighting machine made on the MT-LB chassis.

According to the official data of JSC "Design Bureau of Precision Engineering named after. A. E. Nudelman”, the Sosna complex is designed to destroy almost all air attack weapons, including air defense weapons such as cruise missiles and guided aircraft missiles, in the area of ​​​​responsibility: in range - up to 10 km, in height - up to 5 km.

Basic principles of building a complex

Placement on one combat vehicle of missile weapons with a launcher, means of detecting and tracking targets, means of controlling missiles in flight, united by a single optoelectronic control system (OECS) for weapons;

The use of missile weapons, consisting of 12 high-speed high-precision missiles "Sosna-R", placed on the launcher, the small mass of which made it possible to exclude the transport-loading vehicle from the complex;

The use of SAM combat equipment of the optimal configuration, which made it possible to dramatically increase the effectiveness of the impact due to an increase in the mass of spaced warheads and the use of a non-contact-contact laser fuse with a continuous circular radiation pattern with an adaptive detonation time;

The use of a specially developed original multi-channel automatic high-precision, almost all-weather and all-day OESU;

The use of a combined missile weapon control system - a radio command system at the launch site, after the engine is separated and the missile is brought to the line of sight - teleorientation in a laser beam;

Ensuring the ability to detect targets autonomously using OESU with a sector view and in the mode of obtaining automated target designation.

The main advantages of the air defense system "Sosna"

High efficiency of combat use, including against high-speed and low-flying targets, as well as against helicopters on a jump;

High degree of automation of the process of combat work;

The ability to conduct combat work at any time of the day and in difficult weather conditions;

Secrecy of the firing preparation process and high survivability;

No restriction on the minimum flight altitude of the target being hit;

Insensitivity to radar and optical means of suppression used by the enemy;

Possibility of firing on the move.

Main characteristics

Armament12 pcs. SAM "Pine-R"

Mass of the rocket in flight / in TPK, kg30 / 42

Caliber before and after rocket separation130/72

Maximum rocket speed, m/s900

Guidance systemcombined

Damage zones, km:

in rangeup to 10.0

Height up to 5.0

Round-the-clock application is provided

Reactions, s5 - 8

Reloads, min10.0

Autonomous and centralized operating modes