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Anti-aircraft division of the "heavy" divisions of the United States
Lieutenant Colonel M. Vanin
The military-political leadership of the United States, hatching plans to unleash new wars, is carrying out large-scale measures to build up the combat power of the armed forces. Special Role in these aggressive preparations, the ground forces are being assigned, which are currently carrying out the largest reorganization of their army in history under the Army-90 program. During her great attention given military air defense, which, as noted in the foreign press, is one of the most important types of combat support for troops and has a significant impact on the course and outcome of hostilities. American military experts believe that the implementation of such measures as equipping anti-aircraft units and subunits modern means Air defense, the transition of anti-aircraft formations to a new organizational structure, as well as improving the methods and methods of conducting combat operations by them, will significantly increase the ability to cover troops from enemy air strikes.
As reported in the foreign press, great changes have taken place in the anti-aircraft division of "heavy" formations (mechanized and armored divisions), designed to cover their units and subunits from attacks by enemy aircraft and helicopters from low and extremely low altitudes. Partially carried out and continues to modernize the weapons of the division, its organizational structure has been changed. In particular, mixed Vulkan-Stinger batteries, Stinger MANPADS batteries were formed, the number of launchers in the platoons of the Chaparel air defense missile system has changed. Thus, the number of ZSU in it increased by 12 installations (from 24 to 36), and the Chaparel air defense system decreased by six complexes (from 24 to 18). The introduction of the Stinger MANPADS units into the division, as American military experts note, made it possible to concentrate all the regular anti-aircraft weapons of the division in one formation - the anti-aircraft division. Such a centralization of air defense systems, in their opinion, will generally increase the ability to control anti-aircraft systems during the battle and the flexibility of their use to cover the most important objects, and will also improve the interaction and coherence of the air defense units of the "heavy" division.
At present, the new organizational structure of the anti-aircraft division of the "heavy" division has been approved, and the transition to it has begun and will be carried out as new and modernized anti-aircraft weapons enter the troops. In accordance with the plans for the reorganization of the anti-aircraft battalion of "heavy" formations, the command of the US ground forces intended to equip the battalion with the new ZSU M247 "Sergeant York" (36 installations). However, due to the fact that in 1985 it was decided to terminate the program for financing the development and production of this installation, the Vulkan ZSU remained in service with the anti-aircraft division.
Organizationally, the anti-aircraft division includes a headquarters and six batteries: a headquarters battery, three Vulkan ZSU - Stinger MANPADS and one Chaparel and one Stinger MANPADS each. Total population personnel about 860 people, including 46 officers. It has 18 Chaparel air defense systems, 36 Vulcan air defense systems, 75 Stinger MANPADS (fire crews), eight FAAR radars for detecting low-flying air targets, 21 M113A1 armored personnel carriers, various weapon, anti-tank weapons, cars, radio stations and other military equipment.
The headquarters and headquarters battery (173 people) consist of nine sections (control, administrative, operational and fire control, coordination and interaction, airspace control, medical, logistics and supply, communications, maintenance and repair) and a radar platoon. The control section (11 people) includes the chief of staff (he is also the deputy commander), officer-operators, the head of communications of the division and mechanics-drivers.
Administrative section(9) designed to ensure the administrative and technical activities of the headquarters. The operational and fire control section (16) ensures the control of the combat operations of the division, as well as the collection, processing of data on the air enemy and the issuance of target designations to the firing units. It includes two crews, one of which deploys the division's combat operations control center, the other - the combat situation information processing center.
Section of Coordination and Interaction(13) is responsible for the interaction between the anti-aircraft division, the air defense systems of the army corps (divisions of the "Improved Hawk" or "Patriot" air defense systems) and the covered units.
Air Enemy Control Section(7) is designed to coordinate air defense actions in the division and to notify the command post of the division about an air attack.
Medical Section(12) provides fire units with medics, provides first aid to the wounded and organizes their evacuation.
Logistics and Supply Section(9) plans, coordinates and organizes all logistic activities in the division.
Communication Section(23) organizes stable radio communication of the division headquarters with firing units, the anti-aircraft unit of a higher authority and covered units, if necessary lays a wire connection, and also maintains and repairs communications equipment of the division units.
Maintenance and Repair Section(38) maintains the armament of the headquarters battery and the Stinger MANPADS battery.
The radar platoon (35) is designed to detect and identify low-flying air targets and issue target designations to the operational and fire control section and to fire units. It consists of a platoon control, eight radar sections and a radar maintenance section. Each radar section has one FAAR radar for detecting low-flying air targets. The maintenance section provides scheduled maintenance and current repairs of the radar.
Battery ZSU "Volcano" - MANPADS "Stinger" (148 people) includes four sections (control, communications, equipment repair, repair Vehicle), three platoons of ZSU "Volcano" and a platoon of MANPADS "Stinger". It has 12 ZSU "Volcano" and 15 MANPADS "Stinger" (fire crews).
Control Section intended for combat control fire subunits and their logistic support, including receiving ammunition from the headquarters battery and distributing it among platoons.
Communication Section provides for the deployment of wired communications between battery units, as well as maintenance and repair of communications equipment. The equipment repair section is intended for the repair and maintenance of radio-electronic equipment of anti-aircraft weapons and missiles, for these purposes it is equipped with a van with instrumentation and spare units.
Vehicle Repair Section carries out maintenance and repair of battery vehicles (the section has a repair and recovery vehicle and a 12-ton crane).
Platoon ZSU "Volcano" has control and four calculations (one setting in each). The directorate organizes the combat work of the platoon and provides the supply of ammunition, for which it has two vehicles serving two installations.
Platoon of MANPADS "Stinger" consists of control and three sections (five fire crews in each).
The battery of the Chaparel air defense system (160 people) includes four sections (control, communications, equipment repair, vehicle repair) and four air defense platoons. The organization and purpose of the sections are the same as in the battery ZSU "Volcano" - MANPADS "Stinger". The organization of platoons of the Chaparel air defense system is different. Each consists of command and control (in three platoons - four and in one - six) for one air defense system. The directorate organizes the combat work of the platoon, ensures the delivery of missiles, reconnaissance on the route of movement, and the selection of firing positions. In total, there are 18 Chaparel air defense systems in the battery.
The Stinger MANPADS battery (83 people) consists of a control section and two platoons, similar in organization to the Stinger MANPADS platoon from the Vulkan ZSU battery - Stinger MANPADS. In total, there are 30 Stinger MANPADS (fire crews) in it.
According to American military experts, such an organization of an anti-aircraft division, along with equipping it with modern anti-aircraft weapons, can increase the reliability of covering units and subunits of a "heavy" division from enemy air strikes, primarily from low and extremely low altitudes in its entire offensive (defense) zone. Choice of method combat use units of an anti-aircraft battalion will depend on the tactical and technical characteristics of air defense systems, as well as on the implementation of the main provisions of the "air-ground operation (battle)" concept, which determines the methods of conducting combat operations of ground forces for the period up to the year 2000.
Currently, the anti-aircraft division, judging by reports from the foreign press, is armed with the Chaparel M48 air defense system, the refinement of which, according to military experts, will keep it in service with anti-aircraft units until the end of the 90s. The complex is a mobile installation capable of independently detecting and hitting with a probability of 0.4-0.7 air targets flying at speeds up to 500 m / s, at ranges from 800 to 4000 m and altitudes from 15 to 2500 m from a standstill and in movement (from short stops). The time for transferring an air defense system from traveling to combat is 5 minutes, from combat to traveling - up to 3 minutes. The complex includes a launcher with four guides, mounted on the chassis of the M113A1 amphibious tracked armored personnel carrier, as well as an optical sight and fire control devices. The fire capabilities of the complex have been increased by equipping it with an IR forward-looking station, which makes it possible to detect low-flying air targets and carry out aiming at night. The ammunition load includes 12 missiles, four of which are on rails and eight in the fighting compartment. The reloading of the launcher is carried out manually (the weight of the rocket is 84 kg). The passive infrared homing system for missiles ensures firing at a rate of up to four missiles per minute. In order to increase the noise immunity of the complex and increase its capabilities for shelling targets on a collision course, an improved missile defense system with a homing head operating from two wavelengths is being put into service. The calculation of the Chaparel air defense system consists of five people (commander, operator, driver, two observers).
ZSU "Volcano" M163 can fire at enemy aircraft and helicopters from a standstill and on the move (from short stops). Mounted, like the Chaparel air defense system, on the chassis of the BTR M113A1, the installation is equipped with a 20-mm six-barreled automatic cannon located on a rotating turret, an air target tracking radar, a counting device and an optical sight. Being an autonomous anti-aircraft weapon, the Vulkan ZSU can independently detect and fire at all targets flying at a speed of up to 300 m/s, at a distance of up to 1500 m and an altitude of up to 2000 m. The foreign military press notes that in some cases the ZSU can also be used to fire at ground targets, including lightly armored targets. The shortcomings of the Vulkan ZSU, which significantly reduce the effectiveness of cover, are the lack of means for detecting air targets and firing only during daylight hours and clear weather. The calculation of the ZSU "Volcano" consists of four people (commander, gunner, his assistant, driver).
The portable air defense system "Stinger" enters the troops instead of the "Red Eye" MANPADS, which is being withdrawn from service and withdrawn from combat and reconnaissance battalions and field artillery divisions. This complex, according to experts, has significantly increased the ability of the anti-aircraft division to combat low-flying enemy aircraft and helicopters. The fire crew (commander and gunner) has communication facilities and equipment for identifying "friend or foe" air attack weapons and can fire simultaneously at two single or one group targets, not only on catch-up (like the Red Eye MANPADS), but also on the opposite courses from a standstill and in motion (from short stops). At the same time, all targets flying at speeds up to 400 m / s can be fired upon and hit with a probability of 0.4-0.6 at ranges from 500 to 5200 m (on catch-up courses) or up to 1000 m (on head-on courses) and at altitudes from 30 to 3500 m. Ammunition consists of 10 missiles in transport and launch containers, which are transported in a jeep-type vehicle. To improve the noise immunity of the complex, a new missile is currently being developed, equipped with a homing head that operates in the infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths.
The foreign military press notes that military air defense systems should provide fighting ground troops, covering them from air strikes. It is believed that such basic principles of the "air-ground operation (battle)" concept as initiative, depth, speed and coordination will be taken into account when developing methods for the combat use of anti-aircraft formations. American military experts believe that it is expedient to be guided by these organically interconnected principles in organizing and conducting air defense formations and units of the ground forces.
The initiative consists in a rapid transition from centralized to decentralized use of air defense systems, it manifests itself in the independence and strict purposefulness of the use of individual air defense units and subunits in the interests of fulfilling the main task. At the same time, their commanders are advised to make decisions based on reasonable risk, to skillfully implement any achieved success in their own interests, and, if necessary, move away from the template ways of solving the tasks. The depth is determined by the time, distance and reach of anti-aircraft weapons and consists in the timely organization of air defense of troops throughout the depth of their battle formation and defeat the enemy at the maximum possible ranges. Speed is understood as the possibility of regrouping forces and means of air defense to the likely directions of enemy air raids in a short time, the flexibility of their use on the battlefield, the ability, without reducing efficiency, to provide cover for troops during sudden changes in the situation and the transition from one type of combat operations to another. Consistency lies in the unity of actions of air defense units and subunits and ground forces, as well as in the possibility of massing fire to inflict maximum damage on the enemy, especially in critical situations. Air defense units and subunits, in addition, must maintain close interaction with combat support units, army and tactical aviation.
The commander of the anti-aircraft division (he is also the head of the air defense formation) organizes the cover of units and divisions of the division based on the decision of the commander of the formation in accordance with the prevailing situation and taking into account the available forces and means. As noted in the foreign press, when building the battle formation of anti-aircraft units, as a rule, the need to have a continuous cover zone in the entire offensive (defense) zone of the troops is taken into account. However, according to American military experts, to create such an effective air defense division, the assets of the anti-aircraft division alone will not be enough. Therefore, the air defense of "heavy" formations will be of a focal nature, first of all, command posts of divisions and brigades, battle formations of battalions, field artillery divisions, and helicopter bases will be covered army aviation, communication centers, warehouses, points for replenishing ammunition and refueling equipment with fuel. At the same time, the division commander, in order to ensure reliable air defense, establishes the following priority for covering objects. In the offensive, units and subunits in the direction of the main attack are primarily covered, during withdrawal, units and subunits providing withdrawal, and in defense, rear facilities, field artillery units, command posts and reserves.
When organizing air defense of a division, the division commander, taking into account performance characteristics fire defense systems, will provide cover for mobile units and subunits with mobile anti-aircraft systems (ZSU "Vulcan" and MANPADS "Stinger"), and the air defense system "Chaparel" as a means that does not have sufficient capabilities for firing on the move, is allocated to cover sedentary and stationary objects. In general terms, the distribution of fire subdivisions of a division can be as follows: each mixed Vulcan-Stinger battery is attached to a brigade; the battery of the Chaparel air defense system covers the command post of the division (with a platoon of six installations) and stationary rear divisional objects; a battery of MANPADS "Stinger" allocates fire crews to cover field artillery divisions.
The battalion commander makes the final decision on organizing the cover of one or another object based on an assessment of the current ground and air situation, the nature of the combat operations of the division's units and subunits, the availability of combat-ready weapons, ammunition and other factors. Thus, in the opinion of the American command, the Vulcan-Stinger mixed battery allocated to cover the brigade (consisting of four battalions) can be used in various variants of the distribution of its anti-aircraft weapons. When attacking from a position of direct contact with the enemy, two battalions of the first echelon are recommended to be covered by units of the Stinger MANPADS (one section per battalion), and each of the two battalions of the second echelon - by a platoon of ZSU "Vulcan" (two installations per company of the first echelon). The third ZSU platoon is supposed to be used for air defense of the command post of the brigade and the command post of the anti-aircraft battery, and the third section of MANPADS - for the rear facilities of the brigade. When organizing an offensive on the move, two battalions of the first echelon operating in the main direction, it is advisable to cover each with a platoon of the Vulkan ZSU, and the third, located on the secondary one, with the Stinger MANPADS section. The battalion following in the second echelon of the brigade can be reinforced by the MANPADS section. The remaining forces and means are used for air defense of the command posts of the brigade and the anti-aircraft battery and rear facilities of the brigade.
The foreign military press emphasizes that the greatest effectiveness of anti-aircraft weapons against an air enemy is achieved when divisional facilities are covered by mixed air defense units consisting of Chaparel air defense systems, Vulkan air defense systems and Stinger MANPADS, the combined use of which allows you to create a fairly reliable system fire. Therefore, in brigades to cover the battalion tactical groups created for the period of the battle, mixed anti-aircraft units can be allocated as part of the Vulkan ZSU platoon and the Stinger MANPADS section. In the offensive, Vulkan anti-aircraft guns are assigned to first-echelon companies (two guns per company), and the tasks of covering second-echelon companies, command posts of the battalion tactical group and rear facilities are assigned to MANPADS fire crews. In defense, a Vulkan ZSU platoon is used, as a rule, centrally, and installations are located in the directions of the most probable enemy air raids, usually on the flanks of a battalion tactical group, in the gaps between companies, as well as in places that provide the ability to conduct effective fire both on air as well as ground targets. The fire crews of the Stinger MANPADS are distributed one per company, and are also used to cover the command post and the rear of the group.
FAAR radars for detecting low-flying air targets can be assigned to firing batteries, platoons or mixed units, however, as noted in the foreign press, the greatest efficiency in reconnaissance of an air enemy is achieved with a centralized application. It is recommended that they be placed evenly throughout the division's entire offensive (defense) zone in such a way as to create a continuous radar coverage in this area. Data on air targets are transmitted to the firing units and to the command post of the division (in the operational and fire control sections). Through the organization and interaction section, the command post of the division receives information about the air enemy from the air defense units of the army corps. After analyzing the air situation, a command is issued by means of communication (radio or wired) from the combat operations control center of the division to the firing units to destroy targets. American experts note that in the face of massive enemy air raids, all anti-aircraft divisions of the division must be ready to fire, independently detecting air targets.
In the offensive (defense), the positions of the Chaparel air defense system are selected taking into account the possible interception of air targets from the most probable directions of enemy air raids, while all-round coverage of objects should be provided. The installations occupy firing positions at a distance that allows for mutual support at a distance of 3-4 km from each other. With an insufficient number of anti-aircraft weapons, the combat formations of the units of the Chaparel air defense system can be built taking into account the mutual overlap of the affected areas, which is achieved by placing installations at a distance of up to 5 km between them.
Fire crews of the Stinger MANPADS should be deployed directly in the combat formations of the covered subunits or behind them. In this case, the firing positions are chosen in such a way as to exclude as much as possible the possibility of the impact of enemy fire weapons. If the combat order of the unit and the number of MANPADS crews covered by it allow, air defense is organized taking into account the provision of mutual support for neighboring fire crews. According to American military experts, this is achieved by removing them from each other at a distance of up to 2-3 km. Firing positions must provide visual detection of low-flying targets at a distance of at least 6 km. In some cases, MANPADS section commanders, given the vulnerability of fire crews, may decide to place fire crews on armored personnel carriers of reconnaissance, engineering and other combat support units. In the initial area, MANPADS crews are located taking into account the all-round cover of subunits from enemy air strikes and the possibility of quickly including subunits in columns with the start of their movement. In this case, firing positions are equipped at a distance of 400-600 m from the covered subunits in the directions of a probable enemy raid.
The firing positions of the ZSU "Vulkan" are placed in such a way that it is possible to intercept targets in the main areas of action of enemy aircraft and helicopters, provided that fire communication with each other is maintained. The foreign press notes that the distance between anti-aircraft installations should not exceed 1000 m.
According to American military experts, despite the fact that the Chaparel air defense system, the Vulkan ZSU and the Stinger MANPADS can independently detect and fire at air targets, they should be used as part of platoons and batteries, since in this case the greatest efficiency is achieved. their actions, management is improved, and the reliability of covering objects is increased. In defense, part of the anti-aircraft battalion's firepower may be allocated for operations as part of ambushes or nomadic subunits. When assigning areas of combat operations and routes for the movement of anti-aircraft weapons, their capabilities are taken into account, as well as the possibility of covering the likely directions of the covert approach of air targets or enemy landings.
In the foreign press, it is noted that during the actions of mixed anti-aircraft units, it is not advisable to place fire weapons in one position, since this will significantly reduce not only their fire capabilities, but also reduce the effectiveness of the entire air defense system as a whole. According to the US command, the distance of the positions of the MANPADS crews from the ZSU and the ADMS should be 1.5-2 km, and the ZSU from the ADMS - within 1 km. In this case, the mutual overlapping of the affected areas is ensured, the joint shelling of the most dangerous air targets, in addition, the homing of the SAM on the route of the ZSU projectiles is excluded.
On the march, fire weapons can be deployed in columns of covered subunits and follow with them in readiness to repulse raids, or placed in firing positions along movement routes in places most vulnerable to enemy air strikes (crossroads, crossings, defiles, halts, refueling points etc.). Foreign military experts believe that it is advisable to use the Vulkan ZSU and the Stinger MANPADS to cover troops on the march, placing them in marching columns. In order to create a zone of continuous cover for the unit, anti-aircraft weapons are distributed evenly throughout the column, while the distance between the fire crews of MANPADS should not exceed 3000 and ZSU - 1000 m. column tail. In the presence of side guards, MANPADS fire crews will be located together with side guard units. The use of the Chaparel air defense system, as noted in the press, is most effective when they are advanced in advance to firing positions located along the routes of movement of units. In this case, the installations are located from each other at a distance not exceeding 2000 m.
As reported in the Western press, the command of the US ground forces continues to develop plans for further improvement of the division's air defense units and subunits. Work is underway to improve the Vulkan ZSU, which, after appropriate modifications, will probably remain in service until the mid-1990s. It is planned to further increase the fire crews of the Stinger MANPADS, as well as to equip them with their own means of reconnaissance of air targets at a distance of up to 20 km. New anti-aircraft systems in order to increase the effectiveness of air defense "heavy" formations of the ground forces.
An anti-aircraft missile battalion is a tactical unit of a military air defense and is designed to directly cover brigade units from air strikes in combat, while moving and deploying on the spot.
The anti-aircraft missile battalion is capable of zonally covering all units and subunits of the brigade.
In service zrdn it is planned to have the Tor-M1 air defense system
However, currently in service zrdn there is also an air defense system 9K33.
Organizational zrdn includes:
Management - the division commander, his deputy for armaments, a paramedic and headquarters;
Combat units- three anti-aircraft missile batteries ( zrbatr ) and technical platoon;
Combat support units - control and radar reconnaissance platoon (VURR);
Subdivisions of technical and logistic support - a platoon of regulations and repairs (VRP), a platoon of support (VO) and the calculation of simulators.
Division management designed to organize the combat training of units and manage them in the performance of assigned tasks, including combat ones.
Combat units- three anti-aircraft missile batteries and a technical platoon.
Technical Platoon designed for maintenance, storage and transportation of missiles. The technical platoon includes:
Missile transportation department (6 ТМ 9Т245 based on Ural-4320);
Missile storage compartment (KNO 9F116 is transported by Ural-4320 truck, KS-2573-1 truck crane based on Ural-4320, UKS-400V-131 on Zil-131);
Security department on the Ural-4320 car for personnel and property.
Combat support unit- control and radar reconnaissance platoon - designed to conduct reconnaissance, deploy a division command post, maintain it during combat operations, control division divisions and maintain communication with a senior commander.
The composition of the VURR in accordance with its purpose includes means of control, radar reconnaissance and communications:
Calculation of automated controls, equipped with a mobile command post 9S912 based on the BTR-80;
Radar stations (RLS) of different wave ranges of the 9S18M1 (GM-352) and 35N6 types (KamAZ 4315 with 1-P-2.5);
Communication facilities in zrdn include two wheeled radio stations of the R-166-0.5 type (BTR-80) and a command and staff vehicle R-142NMR (Gaz-66).
For zrdn with the 9K33 air defense system, it is possible to use the P-18 and P-19 radars and the R-166 and PUS R-146A radars
Subdivisions of technical and logistic support: maintenance and repair platoon (RRP), support platoon (VO) and the calculation of simulators are designed to carry out Maintenance and repair of weapons, material and medical support for division units.
Regulation and repair platoon division, designed to solve the problems of technical support consists of:
Maintenance calculation for MTO 9V887-1M (Ural-4320 with 1-P-2.5);
Calculation of maintenance on the MTO 9V894M1 (Ural-4320 with 1-P-2.5), in addition to this having base chargers E-350PM with a / m Gaz-66;
Power supply departments (3 PES-100 with Ural-4320 vehicles for towing each and 4 VPL-30 current converters).
For zrdn with SAM 9K33 instead of a platoon of regulations and repairs, a maintenance department.
Support Platoon division has:
Maintenance department (MTO AGZM1 workshop on Ural-3203-31, UZM-R device);
Automotive department (4 Ural-3203-31, ATZ-7-5555 tanker truck, AC-7.5-4320 tank truck, 2 PC-4.7-782 tank trailers, TsV-1.2 tank trailer, 2 trailers 2 -PN-4, isothermal trailer van PFI-1-8912);
Household department (2 trailer kitchens KP-130, ovens PKhP-04).
Calculation of simulators includes 2 9F678 simulators on a Ural-43203 vehicle with a 2PN-2M trailer.
Total in zrdn there are 27 target channels, of which 24 all-weather.
For zrdn 9K33 - 15 target channels, of which 12 all-weather.
Anti-aircraft missile battery armed with air defense systems 9K331 (ZRK 9K33) is a tactical fire unit of military air defense and is designed to cover units from enemy air strikes MSBR in all types of combat operations.
Organizational structure zrbatr includes:
Control;
combat units;
Technical support divisions
Battery management- commander and his deputies - designed to organize and plan combat training, battery management in the performance of combat missions.
Combat units- calculations of combat vehicles 9A331 (9A33), anti-aircraft squad - designed to destroy aircraft, helicopters and other means of air attack.
- control department - designed to deploy a battery command post, maintain it during combat operations, control the battery and maintain communication with the senior commander and subordinates.
Technical support divisions- missile transportation department (SAM delivery) and maintenance department (technical calculation) - designed to transport missiles and load BM, maintenance and repair of BM.
In service zrbatr (9K331) consists of:
ACS calculation - command post 9S912 (BTR-80);
Anti-aircraft missile crew - fighting machine 9A331 (based on GM-355) - 4 pcs.;
Missile transportation compartment - transport-loading vehicle (TZM) 9T244 - 2 pcs., RPG-7V2 - 1 pc.;
Technical calculation - maintenance vehicle MTO 9V887 (based on URAL-4320) - 1 pc, spare parts machine 9F399 - 1 pc;
In service zrbatr (9K33) consists of:
Department of control - control point PU-12M6 (9S682), RPG-7V - 1 pc.;
Anti-aircraft missile crew - 9A33 BMZ combat vehicle (on the BAZ-5937 chassis) - 4 pieces;
Missile transportation department - transport-loading vehicle (TZM) 9T217 - 2 pcs., RPG-7V - 1 pc.;
Maintenance department - maintenance vehicle (MTO) 9V210 - 1 pc, ZIP 9F373 car - 1 pc;
Anti-aircraft compartment - portable anti-aircraft missile system 9K310 - 3 pcs.
Organizationally, an anti-aircraft missile battery is part of an anti-aircraft division MSBR .
Anti-aircraft division
An anti-aircraft division is capable of covering up to two battalions or objects such as a brigade artillery group, a command post or the rear of a brigade.
The anti-aircraft division is the tactical fire division of the military air defense. Organizationally, it is part of msbr (tbr) and is designed to cover brigade units from enemy air strikes in all types of combat.
The division includes:
Division management;
combat units;
Combat Support Units;
Subdivisions of technical and logistic support.
We will consider the organizational structure of an anti-aircraft division using the example of an anti-aircraft division of a motorized rifle brigade.
The division control is designed to organize, plan and manage the combat operations of the division.
Management includes: commander, chief of staff, deputy commander for armaments, paramedic and medical instructor.
Combat units designed to destroy aircraft, helicopters, UAVs and other aircraft within the affected area.
Combat units include:
1. Anti-aircraft missile artillery battery, armed with ZPRK 2K22;
2. Anti-aircraft missile battery, armed with air defense systems 9K35;
3. Anti-aircraft missile battery armed with MANPADS 9K310.
Combat Support Units designed to organize reconnaissance airspace, organization of communications and control of the division, reception of data on the air situation and warning of an air enemy.
The combat support units are the command and control departments of the battalion commander and the crews of the battery commanders' automated controls.
Subdivisions of technical and logistic support designed for comprehensive technical and logistical support, both in preparation and during combat operations.
These include:
Department of regulations and repairs (ORR);
Support platoon as part of the technical maintenance, automotive and economic departments;
In motorized rifle (motorized infantry) and other troops (special forces). Like a battalion, a division is smallest formation, which has a headquarters.
Regardless of belonging to the armed forces of a state, artillery battalion comprises division headquarters, firing batteries and auxiliary units of combat and rear support. fire batteries are called batteries armed with guns. In the artillery of the armed forces of different states, auxiliary formations can be called batteries in different versions - battery management, battery artillery reconnaissance , headquarters battery, auxiliary battery, maintenance battery and so on.
Regimental artillery
Artillery battalion- a unit in the composition of a motorized rifle / tank / parachute / marine infantry regiment / brigade.
For example, organizational structure adn motorized rifle regiment in the Armed Forces of the USSR in the mid-1980s had the following form:
- division headquarters and separate platoons with him:
- command platoon of the chief of artillery of the regiment (wuna),
- division control platoon (wood),
- support platoon (in),
- divisional medical center (dmp);
- self-propelled artillery battery (sabatra) which included:
- control platoon (woo),
- two fire platoon (ov) three 2C1 units in each;
- two howitzer artillery batteries
(gauge) each of which included:
- control platoon (woo),
- two fire platoon (ov) three units of 122-mm howitzers D-30 each,
- thrust separation (drivers department) (from/s).
Control platoon of the chief of artillery of the regiment (Vuna) is a formation providing communication with artillery units in battalions. Formally in organizational order wuna listed at the headquarters of the regiment / brigade, actually part of division. Division control platoon (wood) performs the function of providing communications and intelligence for firing batteries. Control platoon (woo) in firing battery It is designed for reconnaissance (by the forces of the reconnaissance squad consisting of the squad leader, rangefinder and driver) and communications (by the forces of the communications squad from the squad leader, three or four radiotelephonists and a driver). The wu may include a calculator with the rank of corporal. Traction separation (from) performs the task of towing guns.
In service adn regimental artillery there could be from one to three types of guns.
Structure artillery battalion in the armies of NATO countries is similar to the Soviet one, with the exception of details, such as different terminology and the unification of auxiliary combat and logistics support platoons during division headquarters in formations called headquarters battery and maintenance battery. AT artillery battalion In the US Army, these units are divided into a headquarters battery and a maintenance battery. AT artillery battalion motorized infantry brigade
Germany, auxiliary units are consolidated into one formation referred to as headquarters and supply battery .
Divisional artillery
- regimental headquarters
- self-propelled artillery battalion (sadn) at 18 2С3
- two howitzer artillery battalions (gadn) in each for 18 D-30
- rocket artillery battalion (readn) for 18 BM-21
- Combat and logistic support units.
In addition to the uniformity of weapons, the rest of the organizational and staffing structure adn artillery regiment- fully complied adn motorized rifle / tank / parachute regiment.
It should be noted that in the US Army there is no such formation as artillery regiment/brigade. Divisional artillery is represented in it artillery headquarters and headquarters company under him, headed Division Artillery Commander who manages several artillery battalions. Compound artillery battalion unlike the Soviet counterpart, it has auxiliary combat and rear support units combined into two batteries.
For example, the composition artillery battalion 155 mm self-propelled howitzers
heavy mechanized infantry division of the United States has the following form:
- division headquarters
- headquarters battery in the following composition:
- control platoon
- communications platoon
- maintenance battery in the following composition:
- control platoon
- support platoon
- ammunition platoon
- maintenance platoon
- 3rd howitzer batteries, 8 self-propelled howitzers M109.
The number of personnel artillery battalion 155 mm self-propelled howitzers - 687 people.
Separate artillery battalion
separate artillery battalion (OADN) - a separate formation as part of a division. AT armed forces some states in the division except artillery regiment / brigade, also included/is included oadn . For example, in the period before 1983, the Soviet airborne divisions Besides artillery regiment was also separate self-propelled artillery battalion (siege) on ASU-85 and separate rocket artillery battalion (oreadn) on BM-21V.
Separate missile battalion
separate missile division (ordn)
- a separate formation as part of motorized rifle / tank divisions of the USSR Armed Forces in the period before 1988, and after 1988 - a structural formation in separate missile brigades (ORBR) military subordination.
They were formed in the mid-60s and initially were armed with 9K52 Luna-M complexes, which were later re-equipped with 9K79 Tochka.
staff structure order
:
- division headquarters
- support platoons
- 2nd starting batteries (sbatr) 2 self-propelled launchers (spu).
Personnel - about 120 people.
Separate anti-tank artillery battalion
separate anti-tank artillery battalion (optadn) - a separate formation in the composition motorized rifle divisions (msd) VS USSR.
During the Second World War, as part of rifle division Red Army similar formation was referred to as separate anti-tank fighter battalion (optdn) , and in the infantry division
Anti-aircraft missile division / zrdn/ - subdivision of the military air defense forces of the brigade, the main means of air defense of the brigade commander. Designed for zonal cover of the main forces of the brigade from enemy air strikes.
The anti-aircraft missile battalion consists of a control platoon, three anti-aircraft missile batteries (each with four crews of Tor-M1 infantry fighting vehicles and an anti-aircraft squad), and a support platoon.
Total in the division:
personnel of about 200 people, air defense missile system "Tor-M1" 12 units, MANPADS "Igla" 9 calculations.
Anti-aircraft division
Anti-aircraft division / zdn/ - subdivision of the military air defense forces of the brigade, the main means of air defense of the brigade commander. Designed for objective cover of the main forces of the brigade from enemy air strikes.
The anti-aircraft division consists of a control platoon, an anti-aircraft missile and artillery battery / zrabatr/ (three anti-aircraft missile and artillery platoons / healthy/ two calculations each of the Tunguska air defense missile system), an anti-aircraft missile battery / zrbatr/ (two anti-aircraft missile platoons / zrv/ three crews each of the Strela-10 air defense system), an anti-aircraft missile battery / zrbatr/ (three anti-aircraft missile platoons / zrv/ for nine calculations of MANPADS "Igla"), and a support platoon
Organization scheme
Total in the division:
personnel of about 150 people, ZRPK "Tunguska" 6 units, ZRK "Strela" -10 "6 units,
MANPADS "Igla" 27 calculations.
COMBAT SUPPORT UNITS
Reconnaissance company / pp/ - Reconnaissance unit of the brigade. Designed to conduct military, radar, radio and electronic intelligence in the brigade's range of action to a depth of 100 km from the guard line of friendly troops.
A reconnaissance company consists of a company headquarters, three reconnaissance platoons, a reconnaissance platoon (technical reconnaissance equipment), and an electronic reconnaissance platoon.
Total in the company: personnel of about 130 people, BMP-3 7 units, BRM-3 4 units.
Communication Battalion / bs/ - a unit of the signal troops of the brigade, designed to deploy a communication system and ensure the control of the brigade units in all types of their combat activities. It is also entrusted with the task of deploying and operating automation systems and means at control points and carrying out organizational and technical measures to ensure communications security.
The communications battalion consists of a command, a communications company (communication center of the command post), a communications company (control points), a communications platoon (mobile communications equipment), and a support platoon.
In total, there are about 220 people in the battalion.
Engineer Battalion / isb/ - Engineer division of the brigade. Designed for engineering support of the brigade's combat operations, as well as for inflicting losses on the enemy, using engineering ammunition.
Engineer-sapper company / isr/ battalion is, as a rule, a mobile detachment of barriers /POZ/, which is integral part brigade order of battle. POZ operates, as a rule, in cooperation with the PTRez of the brigade.
The engineer-sapper battalion consists of a management, an engineer-sapper company / isr/, road engineering company / and etc/, engineering company / itr/, pontoon company / ponr/, platoon engineering intelligence/vir/, support platoon /in/.
In total, there are about 300 people in the battalion.
Rota rhbz /rrhbz/- subdivision of the rkhbz brigade. It is intended for conducting radiation, chemical reconnaissance, performing dosimetric and chemical control, carrying out special processing of units, as well as for inflicting losses on the enemy using incendiary weapons.
A rkhbz company consists of a company headquarters, a rkhbr platoon, a special processing platoon, an aerosol countermeasures platoon, and a flamethrower platoon.
Total in the company: personnel of about 70 people, RPO-A 180.
Company electronic warfare /relectronic warfare/ - an electronic warfare unit of the brigade, designed for electronic suppression of radio relay and tropospheric communications, radar, radio navigation, radio control of optoelectronic and other means of controlling enemy troops and weapons, as well as to cover the combat formations of their troops from artillery and aviation strikes using radio fuses. In addition, it can be used to carry out radio disinformation and countermeasures technical means enemy reconnaissance.
An electronic warfare company consists of a control platoon, a radio interference platoon (HF radio communications), a radio interference platoon (VHF radio communications), a radio interference platoon (VHF aviation radio communications), a radio interference platoon (radio communications, satellite systems communications, cellular communication, ground consumers of the Navstar CRNS, SPR, ZPP and AZPP), a radio interference platoon (radio communications and radio lines for controlling the detonation of explosives), a support platoon.
In total, there are about 100 people in the company.
SUBDIVISIONS OF LOGISTICS AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Repair and restoration battalion / rb/ - designed to maintain weapons and equipment in constant combat readiness for combat use, to ensure high efficiency and non-failure operation in any situation, to quickly restore and return to service weapons and equipment in case of damage.
It includes units for the repair and restoration of armored and automotive equipment, weapons, engineering weapons and chemical protection equipment.
Logistics Battalion /BMO/- is designed to provide brigade units with all types of materiel, in order to maintain their combat capability and create favorable conditions for the successful completion of assigned tasks.
Material assets include fuel, food, protective equipment, engineering, clothing, medical and other types of property, materials and liquids for various purposes, as well as water.
Medical company / medr/ - designed to carry out activities for the medical support of the personnel of the brigade. Medical support is carried out in order to maintain combat capability and improve the health of personnel, timely provision of medical care to the wounded and sick, and their speedy return to duty. In a combat situation, medical support includes medical evacuation, sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, as well as medical measures to protect personnel from weapons of mass destruction.
a) services and departments of combat support:
Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection Service (RCBZ);
Topographic Service;
intelligence service;
Engineering service;
Mobilization department;
Operations department;
Department of personnel and drill;
Department of ZAS and SUV;
Secret branch.
b) services and departments of technical support:
Rocket and Artillery Service (RAW);
Automotive service.
c) services and departments of logistic support:
Service of fuel and lubricants (fuels and lubricants);
clothing service;
food service;
Communal maintenance service (CES);
medical service;
Financial service.
The main divisions of the regiment are:
Automated command post (AKP zrp);
Groups of anti-aircraft missile divisions (gr. zrdn);
Technical battery (tbatr).
The organizational structure of the AKP zrp is shown in fig. 2.
The organizational structure of the anti-aircraft missile division is shown in fig. 3.
The technical battery is directly part of the main subdivisions of the zrp only in accordance with the peacetime staff. In wartime, each group of the regiment has one technical battery.
Rice. 2. Organizational structure of automated CP
Rice. 3. Organizational structure of the anti-aircraft missile division
The composition of the support and maintenance units is established for each specific regiment, taking into account the tasks assigned to it and the conditions of deployment.
Typical subdivisions for the provision and maintenance of an anti-aircraft missile regiment are:
Company of material support (RMO);
Repair and technical company (rtr);
Automobile company;
Department of the RCBZ;
Engineering department;
operational platoon;
Sanitary part.
To facilitate the task of controlling the CP ZRP (ZRBR) by firing units, a regiment (brigade) can be divided into groups of anti-aircraft missile battalions, several (from 2 to 6) zrdn in each.
A group of anti-aircraft missile battalions is a tactical unit of the ZRV.
Centralized management of the combat activities of divisions in each group is carried out by the command post of the zrdn group. The technical capabilities of the equipment of the command post of the zrdn group allow the exchange of combat information with divisions, the total number of which should not exceed 6. Thus, the task of reducing the number of control objects at the command post of the zrp (zrbr) is being solved.
The main tactical fire division of the ZRV is the anti-aircraft missile division.
The concepts of "anti-aircraft missile division" and "anti-aircraft missile system" should not be equated.
The anti-aircraft missile system is only the basis of a set of weapons and military equipment (AME) of the anti-aircraft missile division (zrdn). However, depending on the specific conditions in which the anti-aircraft missile division will have to carry out its combat mission, he is given additional weapons and military equipment to increase the efficiency of solving assigned tasks in these conditions.
To coordinate the combat activities of anti-aircraft missile divisions and organize their effective interaction, a centralized control point is needed. It is the command post of an anti-aircraft missile regiment (KP zrp) or brigade (KP zrbr).
The level (regiment or brigade) of a military formation carrying out the defense of an object (extended sector) depends on the required number of firing units. An anti-aircraft missile regiment contains 6 or less srdn, an anti-aircraft missile brigade - more than 6 srdn.
2. Armament of an anti-aircraft missile regiment
The composition of the S-300PS air defense system includes:
1. Command post ZRS (KPS) 5Н83С;
2. Anti-aircraft missile systems(ZRK) 5Zh15S(up to 6 complexes);
3. A set of technological equipment and vehicles for storage, reloading and transportation of ZUR 81Ts6.
Armament and military equipment of the KPS and SAM contain fixed and attached assets. Fixed assets are elements of weapons and military equipment that are functionally necessary for combat. The availability of attached weapons and military equipment increases the effectiveness of the combat use of fixed assets.
Small arms of a group of anti-aircraft missile battalions
In the units of the group of anti-aircraft missile divisions, small arms are in daily operation, the number of which corresponds to the number of personnel in the peacetime state. Weapons of personnel absent from subunits due to current shortages should be stored in the armory of the unit. Small arms are also stored there, designed for the full staff of the wartime zrdn group.
Based on the full staffing of the zrdn group according to the state of wartime (administration of the zrdn group, 1 gbu, 6 zrdn, 1 tbatr, support units of the zrdn group) small arms should be:
Automatic 5.45 mm AK-74(7.62 mm AKM) - 763 units;
Pistols 9.0 mm PM - 260 units;
5.45 mm light machine guns RPK-74(PKK) - 21 units;
grenade launchers RPG-7(RPG-2) - 21 units;
Anti-aircraft machine guns 12.7 mm DShKM(12.7 mm ZPU "Cliff" on the machine 6U6) - 7 units.
Anti-aircraft missile system S-300PM
(Targets hit: aircraft, cruise and tactical missiles of all types)
Damage zone:
D min, (km) / D max, km 5/150
N min, (km) / N max, km 0.025/28
The number of simultaneously hit targets by air defense systems is up to 6
The number of simultaneously guided missiles on the target 12
The probability of being hit by one missile is 0.8-0.99
Readiness time for combat work from the march, min 5
Taking a position and transferring to a combat position in a position
field type, h up to 5
Transfer to the stowed position in the position of the field type, h up to 4
Conclusion
To check the quality of assimilation of the lesson material by conducting a short survey of students on the following issues:
1. Reveal the tasks solved by the ZRV in peacetime
2. Reveal the tasks solved by the ZRV in wartime
3. Reveal the organizational structure of the anti-aircraft missile regiment
4. Reveal the organizational structure of the automated command post
5. List the main equipment and weapons of the anti-aircraft missile regiment
6. List the support and maintenance units that are part of the structure of the anti-aircraft missile regiment
Summarize in brief formulations the target settings of the lesson.
Bring grades for the lesson, issue a task for self-study.
Give instructions on how to clean up the classroom.
Senior Lecturer of the Military Department
lieutenant colonel A. Leontiev
