The newest Russian military equipment. The most formidable military equipment of Russia (12 photos)

Recipes 09.07.2019

Recipes

Content

Chapter 1. Types of weapons of the Russian army .............................................. ..

Conclusion………………….......................................... .................................

List of sources used…………………………………………………………………………… ........

Introduction

Armed forces Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces), - state military organization of the Russian Federation, designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, for the armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of its territory, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with international treaties Russian Federation .

The Armed Forces of Russia include the Ground Forces, the Air Force, and the Navy; separate types of troops - Space, Airborne Troops and Strategic Missile Forces; central bodies of military command; The rear of the Armed Forces, as well as troops that are not included in the types and types of troops.

The Russian Armed Forces were formed on May 7, 1992. This is one of the largest armed forces in the world, the number of their personnel is 1 million people. The Russian Armed Forces are distinguished by the presence of the world's largest an arsenal of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons, and a well-developed system of their delivery systems.

Relevance: At military affairs in Russia richest history. And always Russian warriors were loved and respected by compatriots. One of the reasons for this is the high level of spirituality of the Russian military. For centuries, a code of morality has been worked out in the Russian army. His non-permanent values - fidelity to duty, military honor, dignity, pride in belonging to the profession of the defender of the Fatherland - were preserved as shrines and passed down from generation to generation, tested for strength in battles and brought up by military labor in Peaceful time. Statesmen, commanders, military leaders, officers and generals of the Russian army tirelessly cared about increasing the glory and traditions of the troops, improving culture, and observing the rules of etiquette. Particularly great are the merits in this area of Peter I, P., A. Rumyantsev, G. A. Potemkin, A. V. Suvorov, M. I. Kutuzov, F. F. Ushakov, V. A. Kornilov, P. S. Nakhimov, M. I. Dragomirova, S. O. Makarova, N. D. Skobeleva.

Purpose of the study: to acquaint students with the structure, purpose and armament of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Research objectives:

Object of study: weapons of the Russian army.

Subject of study:

Chapter 1.

1.1. Armament of the ground forces

Ground troopsare the most numerous species and form the basis of groupings of troops in strategic directions. They are designed to provide and to protect our country from external aggression on land, as well as to protect Russia within the framework of its international obligations to ensure collective security.

In terms of their combat capabilities, the Ground Forces, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, are capable of conducting an offensive in order to defeat the enemy grouping and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to a great depth, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, firmly hold the occupied territories, areas and frontiers.

The ground forces organizationally consist of (Fig. 1) motorized rifle and tank troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, which are branches of the military, as well as special troops (reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, NBC protection, technical support, rear protection, rear units and organizations). basis them combat strength are motorized rifle, tank divisions and brigades (including mountain), brigades (regiments) of military branches and special troops, organized in the army and front (district) groupings of troops (forces).

The formations and formations of the Ground Forces are the main component of the military districts: Moscow (MVO), Leningrad (LenVO), North Caucasus (SKVO), Volga-Ural (PurVO), Siberian (SibVO), Far Eastern (FOR).

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the armed forces, which forms the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their battle formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, effective means intelligence and control.

Rice. 1. Structure of the Ground Forces

Tank forces- the type of troops and the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They are used mainly in the main directions for delivering powerful cutting blows to the enemy to a great depth.

Possessing great stability and firepower, high mobility and maneuverability, tank troops are able to make fullest use of the results of nuclear and fire strikes and achieve the final results of a battle and operation in a short time.

Rocket troops and artillery- a branch of the Ground Forces, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction in front-line and army (corps) operations and in combined arms combat. Designed to destroy nuclear weapons, manpower, artillery, other fire weapons and enemy targets.

Troops air defense - a branch of the Ground Forces, designed to repel enemy air attacks and protect groupings of troops and rear facilities from air strikes.

The successful fulfillment by the combined-arms formations of the tasks facing them is ensured by special troops (engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, etc.) and services (weapons, rear).

Special Troops- military units, institutions and organizations designed to ensure the combat activities of the Ground Forces and solve their inherent special tasks.

In addition to small arms (Fig. 2-5), the Ground Forces are armed with tanks (T-90 - Fig. 6, T-80U, T-72, T-64, T-62, T-54/55), armored personnel carriers ( BTR-60/70/80 - Fig. 7), infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-1/2/3 - Fig. 8), combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicles (BRDM), howitzers (Fig. 9) and 122-caliber guns 203 mm, mortars of caliber 82 (Fig. 10), 120, 160 and 240 mm, multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS of caliber 122, 140, 220, 240 and 300 mm - Fig. 11), anti-tank weapons (hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers, anti-tank missile systems, guns), military air defense systems (anti-aircraft self-propelled units, anti-aircraft missile systems, portable anti-aircraft missile systems), Tochka-U operational-tactical missiles, Mi-8 helicopters (Fig. 12), Mi-24, Mi-26.

Rice. 2. Makarov pistol (PM): caliber - 9 mm; barrel length - 93 mm; magazine capacity - 8 rounds; weight with a loaded magazine - 810 g; effective firing range - 25 m; combat rate of fire - 30 rounds / min; muzzle velocity - 315 m/s

Rice. 3. Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD): caliber 7.62 mm; length - 1220 mm: barrel length - 620 mm; muzzle velocity - 830 m/s; magazine capacity - 10 rounds; weight with an equipped magazine - 4.51 kg; effective range - 1300 m

Rice. 4. Kalashnikov assault rifle (LK-74M): caliber - 5.45 mm; magazine capacity - 30 rounds; weight without bayonet and cartridges - 2.71 kg; rate of fire - 600 rounds / min; effective range - 1000 m

Rice. 5. Machine gun NSV-127 "Kord": caliber - 12.7 mm; weight - 25 kg; tape capacity - 50 rounds; combat rate of fire 650-750 rounds / min; muzzle velocity - 820-860 m/s; effective range - 2000 m

Rice. 6. Tank T-90 "Black Eagle": length - 9.5 m; height - 2.225 m; width - 3.78 m; weight - 48 tons; power - 840 l. e.; maximum speed - 70 km / h; range - 550-650 km; armament - 125 mm smoothbore gun, 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun, 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, ATGM; ammunition - 43 shells, 300 rounds of 12.7 mm caliber, 2000 rounds of 7.62 mm caliber; crew - 3 people

Rice. 7. Armored personnel carrier BTR-80: combat weight - 13.6 g; length - 7.6 m; width - 2.9 m; height - 2.3 m; armament - 14.5 mm coaxial machine gun, 7.62 mm anti-aircraft machine gun; maximum speed on the highway (afloat) - 80 (9) km / h; cruising range on the highway - 600 km; engine power - 260 l. e.; combat crew - 10 people (3 people - crew, 7 people - landing)

Rice. 8. Infantry fighting vehicle BMP-3: combat weight - 18.7 tons; length - 6.7 m; width - 3.3 m; height - 2.65 m; engine power - 500 l. e.; maximum speed ho highway (afloat) - 70 (10) km / h; cruising range on the highway - 600 km; rate of fire - 300 rounds / min; firing range - 4000 m; armament - 100 mm gun; ammunition - 40 ATGM rounds; combat crew - 10 people (3 people - crew, 7 people - landing)

Rice. 9. Self-propelled howitzer "Acacia": caliber - 152 mm; combat weight - 27.5 tons; mass of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile (cumulative) - 43.56 (27.4) kg; muzzle velocity - 655 m/s; armor penetration of a cumulative projectile - 250 mm; maximum firing range - 17400 m; rate of fire - 4 shots / min; ammunition - 46 shots; engine power - 520 l. e.; highway speed - 60 km / h; power reserve - 500 km; calculation (crew) - 6 (4) people

Rice. 10. Mortar 2B14-1 "Tray": caliber - 82 mm; firing range - 4270 m; rate of fire - 24 rounds / min; calculation - 4 people; weight - 39 kg; ammunition - 120 rounds

Rice. 11. Multiple launch rocket system "Smerch": caliber - 300 mm; number of guides - 12; projectile weight - 800 kg; firing range - 20-70 km; area affected by one volley - 67.2 hectares; full salvo time - 40 s; power reserve - 900 km; calculation - 4 people

Rice. 12. Transport combat helicopter Mi-8: length - 18.22 m; height - 5.65 m; diameter of the main screw - 21.29 m; maximum takeoff weight - 12200 kg; cruising speed - 225 km / h; range - 465 km; ceiling - 4500 m; crew - 2-3 people; payload - 4000 kg in the cab or 3000 kg on the suspension; armament - 7.62 mm or 12.7 mm machine gun; combat load - 1000 kg (PU, bombs or ATGMs)

1.2. Armament of the navy

A warship is a ship belonging to the armed forces of a state, bearing the external markings of nationality, under the command of an officer who is in the service of his state, and also manned by a crew who are subject to regular discipline. A warship flying the flag of its own state has sovereignty, which guarantees against interference by officials of another state. Warships are the property of the country, and wherever they are, they are subject only to its laws.

Each warship, as a rule, is equipped with several types of weapons, of which one is the main one, designed to solve the main tasks, and the rest are auxiliary, to perform additional tasks and self-defense. To control weapons, provide navigation, communications and monitoring the situation, ships are equipped with radio-electronic and other technical means. The ships are driven by steam, diesel, diesel-electric, gas turbine, combined or nuclear power plants. Depending on the purpose, displacement, armament and other qualities, ships are divided (classified) into classes, subclasses and types, as well as in a number of fleets in order to determine seniority, in particular the Russian Navy and the Ukrainian Navy, ships are divided into ranks.

CLASSES OF DOMESTIC MODERN FIGHTING SHIPS

BY WEAPONS AND PURPOSE

Aircraft carriers - as the main armament, they have airplanes and helicopters used in solving combat missions, as well as for transporting goods and people, communications between ships of the formation. Equipped with means to ensure the basing and operation of aircraft.

Large warships designed to destroy enemy submarines, surface ships and ships at sea, provide amphibious landings, fire support for ground forces and solve other combat missions at sea.

Destroyers (destroyers) are warships designed to destroy enemy submarines and surface ships (ships), conduct anti-submarine and air defense of their surface ships and ships at sea crossing and in battle, to ensure the landing of amphibious assault forces, sea transportation, fire support for troops on the coast, mine laying and other tasks.

Anti-submarine ships (large anti-submarine ships, small anti-submarine ships) - designed to combat submarines, provide anti-submarine defense of formations of ships, convoys and landings at the sea crossing. Anti-submarine ships are capable of operating both in remote areas of the seas and oceans, and in the seas adjacent to the country's territory. To do this, anti-submarine ships are equipped with sonar systems for searching and detecting submarines, classifying them, tracking them and issuing target designations for weapons. These ships are armed with anti-submarine missiles and torpedoes, jet bombers for throwing depth charges. As well as anti-aircraft missiles and artillery systems. As a rule, they have anti-submarine helicopters on board.

Designed for the transportation of military equipment and personnel

Mine-sweeping ships - designed for mine defense

Rocket and artillery ships - as the main armament they have guided missile weapons and artillery

Patrol ships - designed to carry out patrol service, anti-submarine defense, air defense and anti-ship protection of formations and convoys

Special purpose ships (staff, reconnaissance)

BY NAVIGATION AREA

ships of the far sea zone

coastal sailing ships

ships of inland navigation (river) and mixed navigation

BY METHOD OF MOVEMENT

displacement ships

submarines (missile strategic purpose(RPKSN), nuclear-powered with cruise missiles, multi-purpose nuclear submarines with torpedo or torpedo-missile weapons, non-nuclear submarines with torpedo or torpedo-missile weapons)

with dynamic maintenance principles - hydrofoil ship, air cavity ship

BY TYPE OF MAIN POWER PLANT

with a nuclear power plant

with gas turbine power plant

with diesel power plant

BY ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL TYPE AND NUMBER OF PROPELLER SHAFTS

monohull ships

double-hulled ships

single-deck (multi-deck) ships

single-shaft (two-shaft) ships

AUXILIARY VESSELS (SUPPLY VESSELS)

Auxiliary ships of war or support ships of the auxiliary fleet are ships that are not warships, but belong to the armed forces or are under their exclusive control and have external national markings. Auxiliary military vessels are not designed to perform combat missions. Their main purpose is combat or logistic support for fleet operations at sea and in roadsteads. Military support vessels can be equipped with both a military crew and civilian personnel (team). Auxiliary ships are military vessels, regardless of whether the ship is commanded by a commander (officer) or a captain (civilian). Auxiliary warships have the same sovereign immunity as warships due to the fact that they are owned by the state, or temporarily operated in government non-commercial service. Like warships, auxiliary ships have exclusive sovereignty over the actions of the crew (ship's crew) and passengers on board.

Depending on the purpose and performance characteristics, auxiliary vessels, like warships, are divided into classes, and within classes - into subclasses, taking into account the cruising range, tonnage or specialization.

TYPES OF AUXILIARY SHIPS

Auxiliary vessels are divided into training ships, mother ships, wholesale ships, search and rescue, hospital ships, loaders, torpedo boats, cable ships, hydrographic ships, transports and so on.

TYPES OF SUPPLY VESSELS

Support vessels include basic watercraft, which include tugs, barges, floating cranes and the like.

Summing up this publication, I would like to note that the naval strategies of the leading states of the world, based on the geopolitical realities of the 21st century, have led to a change in the methods and methods of conducting naval battles and organizing fleet forces. First of all, this is due to the creation in the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany and a number of other countries of rapid deployment forces, the core of which was aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships. In this regard, one of the main trends in the development of fleets is new stage their "aviation". According to experts, in the 21st century, aircraft carriers will regain the role of the “backbone” of the navies of the great powers.

As you know, aircraft carriers form the basis of an aircraft carrier strike group, which includes modern warships of various classes. So destroyers, in turn, are approaching cruisers in terms of combat capabilities, frigates - to, - to frigates.

Patrol boats have become widespread. This publication shows a trend towards the creation of multi-purpose boats built on a modular basis, on which, depending on the tasks, a set of weapons can quickly change.

Naval impacts of the 21st century, primarily in local conflicts, are characterized by air-land-sea operations in coastal areas. For the amphibious forces, the decisive factor was the conduct of an “over-the-horizon” landing operation, the main means of delivering the landing force of which were transport and assault helicopters. All this led to an increase in the role of landing ships with the presence aviation facilities and reducing the role of amphibious assault ships that are not armed with regular group-based helicopters and convertiplanes.

Thus, the most promising ships of the amphibious forces should include universal landing ships and landing helicopter-carrying dock ships, and the production of tank landing ships with direct landing will be limited.

In addition to nuclear submarines, which are in service with the navies of some of the leading countries of the world, recently there has been an active development of non-nuclear submarines, which are characterized by low cost and allow less wealthy countries to buy them. In addition, nuclear submarines dominate in such an important criterion as acoustic stealth. The creation of non-nuclear submarines with air-independent power plants provides significant advantages. It is believed that this particular class of submarines will become the basis of the submarine forces of non-nuclear states in the near future.future

1.3. Armament of the Air Force.

Air Force- the most mobile and maneuverable type designed to protect the centers, regions of the country (administrative, industrial and economic), groupings of troops and important objects from enemy attacks from air and space, to ensure the actions of the Ground Forces and , delivering strikes against enemy air, land and sea groupings, its administrative-political and military-economic centers.

The main tasks of the Air Force in modern conditions are:

opening the beginning of an attack by an air enemy;

notification of the main headquarters of the Armed Forces, headquarters of military districts, fleets, bodies civil defense about the beginning of an enemy air attack;

gaining and maintaining air supremacy;

covering troops and rear facilities from aerial reconnaissance, air and space strikes;

air support for the Ground Forces and the Navy;

destruction of objects of the military-economic potential of the enemy;

violation of the military and state administration of the enemy;

the destruction of nuclear missile, anti-aircraft and aviation groups of the enemy and his reserves, as well as air and sea landings;

defeating enemy ship groupings at sea, in the ocean, at naval bases, in ports and bases;

dropping military equipment and landing troops;

transportation by air of troops and military equipment;

conducting strategic, operational and tactical air reconnaissance;

control over the use of airspace in the border zone.

In peacetime, the Air Force performs the tasks of protecting the state border of Russia in airspace, notify about the flights of foreign reconnaissance vehicles in the border zone.

The air force includes the air armies of the Supreme Command for Strategic Purposes and the Supreme Command for Military Transport Aviation; Moscow Air Force and Air Defense District; armies of the Air Force and Air Defense: separate corps of the Air Force and Air Defense.

The Air Force includes the following types of troops (Fig. 1):

aviation (types of aviation - bomber, assault, fighter, air defense, reconnaissance, transport and special);

anti-aircraft missile troops;

radio engineering troops;

special troops;

units and institutions of the rear.

bomber aviationIt is armed with long-range (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers of various types. It is designed to defeat groupings of troops, destroy important military, energy facilities and communication centers mainly in the strategic and operational depth of the enemy’s defense. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both conventional and nuclear, as well as air-to-surface guided missiles.

Attack aircraftdesigned for aviation support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects mainly at the forefront, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy, as well as orders to combat enemy aircraft in the air.

Rice. 1. Structure Air force

One of the main requirements for an attack aircraft is the high accuracy of hitting ground targets. Armament: large-caliber guns, bombs, rockets.

Fighter aviationair defense is the main maneuvering force of the air defense system and is designed to cover the most important directions and objects from enemy air attacks. It is capable of destroying the enemy at maximum ranges from the defended objects.

Air defense aviation is armed with air defense fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.

reconnaissance aviationDesigned to conduct aerial reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and weather, can destroy enemy hidden objects.

Reconnaissance flights can also be carried out by bomber, fighter-bomber, assault and fighter aviation. To do this, they are specially equipped with photographic equipment for day and night shooting at various scales, radio and radar stations with high resolution, heat direction finders, sound recording and television equipment, and magnetometers.

Reconnaissance aviation is subdivided into tactical, operational and strategic reconnaissance aviation.

Transport aviationdesigned to transport troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, airborne landings, evacuation of the wounded, sick, etc.

Special aviationdesigned for long-range radar detection and guidance, refueling aircraft in the air, maintaining electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological protection, management and communications, meteorological and technical support, rescue of crews in distress, evacuation of the wounded and sick.

Anti-aircraft missile troopsdesigned to protect the country's most important facilities and groupings of troops from enemy air strikes.

They constitute the main firepower of the air defense system and are armed with anti-aircraft missile systems and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes, which have great firepower and high accuracy in destroying enemy air attack weapons.

Radio engineering troops- the main source of information about an air enemy and are designed to conduct its radar reconnaissance, control over the flights of its aviation and compliance with the rules for the use of airspace by aircraft of all departments.

They issue information about the beginning of an air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft missile forces and air defense aviation, as well as information for controlling air defense formations, units and subunits.

Radio-technical troops are armed with radar stations and radar complexes capable of detecting not only air but also surface targets at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference.

Units and divisions of communicationsare intended for the deployment and operation of communication systems in order to ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.

Units and subdivisions of electronic warfaredesigned to interfere with airborne radars, bomb sights, communications and radio navigation means of enemy air attack.

Units and divisions of communications and radio engineering supportdesigned to provide control of aviation units and subunits, aircraft navigation, takeoff and landing of aircraft and helicopters.

Units and divisions of engineering troops,as well asunits and divisions of radiation, chemical and biological protectionare designed to perform the most complex tasks of engineering and chemical support, respectively.

The Air Force is armed with Tu-160 (Fig. 2), Tu-22MZ, Tu-95MS, Su-24, Su-34, MiG-29, MiG-27, MiG-31 aircraft of various modifications (Fig. 3), Su -25, Su-27, Su-39 (Fig. 4), MiG-25R, Su-24MP, A-50 (Fig. 5), An-12, An-22, An-26, An-124, Il -76, IL-78; helicopters Mi-8, Mi-24, Mi-17, Mi-26, Ka-31, Ka-52 (Fig. 6), Ka-62; anti-aircraft missile systems S-200, S-300, S-300PM (Fig. 7), S-400 "Triumph", radar stations and complexes "Opponent-G", "Nebo-U", "Gam - ma-DE" , "Gamma-C1", "Casta-2".

Rice. 2. Tu-160 strategic supersonic bomber bomber: wingspan - 35.6 / 55.7 m; length - 54.1 m; height - 13.1 m; maximum takeoff weight - 275 tons; maximum combat load - 45 tons; cruising speed - 960 km / h; range - 7300 km; ceiling - 18000 m; weapons - missiles, bombs (including nuclear); crew - 4 people

Rice. 3. Multipurpose fighter MiG-31F/FZ: wingspan - 13.46 m; length - 22.67 m; height - 6.15 m; maximum takeoff weight - 50,000 kg; cruising speed - 2450 km / h; range - 3000 km; combat radius of action - 650 km; ceiling - 20,000 m; armament - 23-mm six-barreled gun (260 rounds, rate of fire - 8000 rounds / min); combat load - 9000 kg (UR, bombs); crew - 2 people

Rice. 4. Attack aircraft Su-39: wingspan - 14.52 m; length - 15.33 m; height - 5.2 m; maximum speed near the ground - 2450 km / h; range - 1850 km; ceiling - 18,000 m; armament - 30 mm gun; combat load - 4500 kg (ATGM with ATGM. RCC, NUR, R. bombs - conventional, induced, cluster, nuclear)

Rice. 5. A-50 long-range radar detection and control aircraft: wingspan - 50.5 m; length - 46.59 m; height - 14.8 m; normal takeoff weight - 190,000 kg; maximum cruising speed - 800 km / h; range - 7500 km; ceiling - 12000 m; target detection range: air - 240 km, surface - 380 km; crew - 5 people + 10 people tactical calculation

Rice. 6. Combat attack helicopter Ka-52 "Alligator": rotor diameter - 14.50 m; length with rotating screws - 15.90 m; maximum weight - 10,400 kg; ceiling - 5500 m; range - 520 km; armament - 30-mm cannon with 500 rounds of ammunition; combat load - 2000 kg on 4 hardpoints (ATGM, unified containers with machine-gun and cannon weapons, NUR, UR); crew - 2 people

Rice. 7. Anti-aircraft missile system S-300-PM: hit targets - aircraft, cruise and tactical missiles of all types; affected area - range 5-150 km, height 0.025-28 km; the number of simultaneously hit targets - up to 6; the number of simultaneously aimed missiles at the target - 12; readiness for combat work from the march - 5 minutes

Conclusion:

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are the most important state organization for the protection of the population and territories from external and internal enemies, and also act as a means of political settlement of world conflicts.

The navy of the Russian Federation is intended mainly to strike at important enemy targets and defeat its naval forces in the oceanic (maritime) theater of operations.

The modern Navy of the Russian Federation has nuclear missile power, high mobility of ships and air groups, high autonomy, and the ability to operate under any conditions. weather conditions in various regions of the oceans.

The Navy of the Russian Federation consists of branches of forces: underwater, surface, naval aviation, coastal missile and artillery troops and marines.

The Russian Navy consists of four fleets (Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea) and the Caspian flotilla and includes the types of forces: submarine forces, surface forces, naval aviation, coastal troops (motorized rifle, tank formations and units, Marines and coastal rocket and artillery troops), support and maintenance units and subunits.

creation of conditions for the security of the economic activity of Russia or the economic structures representing it;

timely detection of a threatening development of the military-political situation or the preparation of an armed attack on the Russian Federation and (or) its allies;

use of military force.

List of used sources.

Retired Major General Igor Pokhlopko: “There is no brotherhood holier than the army!” // February 23, 2012 No. 35 - vsr.mil.by/index/35__2.html?publication=35.// Belarusian Military Newspaper (vsr.mil .by/)

http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/av-strat.htm - www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/av-strat.htm Russia: Long-range aviation". GlobalSecurity.org .2011 . ( English.)

veinik/articles/0e/848/attach.docRussian army under fifth traders].// The Russian army under the heel of traders. Veinik V. A. Manuscript, October 11, 2013

Drogovoz I. G. "The Air Shield of the Land of the Soviets" // Part 4. Sunset, Chapter 1 "Above the Abyss". - Minsk: "Harvest", 2002. - S. 441. - ISBN 985-13-1390-4

Retired Major General Igor Pokhlopko: “There is no brotherhood holier than the army!” // February 23, 2013 No. 35 - vsr.mil.by/index/35__2.html?publication=35.// Belarusian Military Newspaper (vsr.mil .by/)

The development of the branches of the Armed Forces and branches of service - goup32441.narod.ru/files/ogp/001_oporn_konspekt/2009/2009-04-3.html.// Combat training of units (goup32441.narod.ru

Explanatory note

Theme of my individual project called : Types of weapons of the Russian army.

Relevance: Military affairs in Russia have a rich history. And always Russian warriors were loved and respected by compatriots. One of the reasons for this is the high level of spirituality of the Russian military. For centuries, a code of morality has been worked out in the Russian army. His non-permanent values - fidelity to duty, military honor, dignity, pride in belonging to the profession of the defender of the Fatherland - were preserved as shrines and passed down from generation to generation, tested for strength in battles and brought up by military labor in peacetime. Statesmen, commanders, military leaders, officers and generals of the Russian army tirelessly cared about increasing the glory and traditions of the troops, improving culture, and observing the rules of etiquette. Particularly great are the merits in this area of Peter I, P., A. Rumyantsev, G. A. Potemkin, A. V. Suvorov, M. I. Kutuzov, F. F. Ushakov, V. A. Kornilov, P. S. Nakhimov, M. I. Dragomirova, S. O. Makarova, N. D. Skobeleva.

Purpose of the study: to acquaint students with the structure, purpose and armament of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Research objectives:

Study the weapons of the ground forces.

Consider the weapons of the navy.

Analyze the weapons of the air force.

Object of study: weapons of the Russian army.

Subject of study: find out the role of weapons in political life countries.

As a result of the work done, we came to the following conclusions:

that the armed forces of the Russian Federation perform the following vital tasks:

maintaining safe conditions for the life of Russian citizens in zones of armed conflict and political or other instability;

creating conditions for the security of Russia's economic activity;

protection national interests in territorial waters, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of Russia, as well as in the World Ocean;

carrying out, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation, operations using the forces and means of the Armed Forces in regions that are a sphere of vital economic and political interests of the Russian Federation;

organization and conduct of information confrontation.

maintaining the state of combat and mobilization readiness of the country, strategic nuclear forces forces and means ensuring their functioning and use, as well as control systems in order to, if necessary, inflict the specified damage on the aggressor;

maintenance of combat potential and mobilization readiness of groupings of troops (forces) general purpose at a level that provides a reflection of aggression on a local scale;

maintaining readiness for strategic deployment when the country is transferred to wartime conditions;

organization of territorial defense.

containment of military and military-political threats to security or encroachments on the interests of the Russian Federation;

protection of the economic and political interests of the Russian Federation;

carrying out military operations in peacetime;

use of military force.

You can get acquainted with the list of used literature sources on the presented slide.

Some samples and characteristics of Russian military equipment.

Title: Perspective aviation complex front-line aviation PAK-FA: T-50

Type: fifth generation multirole fighter

Developer: Sukhoi Design Bureau, Russia

Crew: 1

Length, m: 19.7

Height, m: 4.7

Wingspan, m: 14

Wing area, m2: 79

Masses, kg:

Empty: 18500

Normal takeoff: 26000

Maximum takeoff: 36000

Fuel in internal tanks: 10400

Speed, km/h:

At altitude: 2440 (M=2.3)

Near the ground: 1700

Practical ceiling, m: 20000

Rate of climb, m/s: 330

Maximum operating overload: 10.5

Takeoff / run length, m: 350/350

Practical range, km:

4300 without PTB,

5500 with 2 PTB

Range, km: 1500…1800

Flight duration: up to 5.8 hours

Engine: 2 TRDDF Saturn "Product 117S" AL-41F1 (flying at supersonic speed without afterburner and resource increased to 4000 hours, in 2016 it is planned to install a promising engine "Product 129", which has flat nozzles to reduce radar visibility).

Thrust, kgf:

Max: 2x8800

Afterburner: 2x14500

Name: Tank T-14 "Armata"

Type: main tank

Manufacturer: KB UralVagonZavod, Russia

Crew, people: 3

Length, body m: 8.35

Length with gun forward, m: 10.40

Width, m: 4

Height, m: 2.80 on the roof of the tower

Combat weight, kg: 57000

Engine: 12 - cylinder, X-shaped diesel turbo piston engine A-85-3A (aka 12N360 and 2V12-3)

Power, hp: lowered from 1500 to 1200 to save engine life

Dry engine weight, kg: 1550

Speed, km/h:

Highway: 70

Power reserve, km: 520

Armament:

1 x 125mm 2A82 smoothbore gun capable of firing guided missiles

1 x 7.62 mm tank modernized Kalashnikov machine gun

1x12.7 mm machine gun "Kord" (6P49) is mounted synchronously with the commander's panorama

Like a tank gun, machine gun control is remote-digital

Ammunition, pcs:

Shots to the gun: 45 (of which 32 in the automatic loader)

Cartridges for machine guns: caliber 7.62 - 2000 pcs. Ammunition ready for battle - 1000 rounds. Another 1000 rounds in the belts at the rear of the turret.

Caliber 12.7 mm - 300 pcs. and 300 cartridges in tapes are stored in a box

Loading: automatic loader

Rate of fire in combat conditions, rds / min: 10

Target detection range, m: up to 5000

Target engagement range, m: up to 7000

Built on the universal tracked platform "Armata", it uses the best practices from the projects of experimental tanks T-95 and "Black Eagle". The tank is larger and heavier than the T-90 and has seven rollers on board. The crew consists of three people. Among the main features of "Armata" is an uninhabited tower. None of the crew members are stationed in the tower during the battle. Resistant armor is created using a new grade of steel, and the addition of ceramic and composite layers. Steel grade 44S-SV-Sh was created at JSC Research Institute of Steel.

The operation of the tower is fully automated and has remote control. Emphasis was placed on the comfort and safety of the crew. The crew must be better protected than any other tank in the world. The capsule has active protection.

Name: T-72B

Type: main tank

Developer: Design Bureau of the Ural Carriage Works, Russia

Start of production: 1985

Combat weight, t: 42.5

Crew, people: 3

Dimensions:

Length (with gun forward), m: 9.53

Width, m: 3.46

Height (on the roof of the tower), m: 2.226

Clearance, m: 0.47

Booking: anti-projectile combined with hinged dynamic protection

Armament: 1 x 125 mm 2A46M cannon 1 x 7.62 mm PKT machine gun 1 x 12.7 mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun

1 x 9K120 Svir guided weapon system (ATGM 9M112 with radio control and optical feedback)

Cannon firing range, m:

Maximum: 4000

Effective: n/a

Projectile weight: up to 23kg

Beginning projectile speed, m / s: up to 850 (at 23 kg) up to 1700 (at 7.05 kg)

Ammunition for the gun, pcs.: 45

Ammunition for the PKT machine gun, piece: 2000

Ammunition for the NSVT machine gun, pcs.: 300

Ammunition for anti-tank systems, pcs.: 4

Pointing angles:

Horizontally, degrees: 360

Vertical, degrees: -6 to +14

Engine: V-84-1 diesel

Power, l/s: 840

Max, speed, km/h:

Highway: 60

Cross country: 35

By water: n/a

Power reserve, km: 500 (700 with external tanks)

Overcome obstacles:

Rise at an angle, deg.: 30

Roll, degrees: 25

Wall height, m: 0.85

Ditch width, m: 2.8

Ford depth, m: 1.2 (with OPVT - 5)

Equipment:

R-173 radio station, R-174 intercom, GPK-59 navigation equipment, TDA smoke screen installation, 8 x 902B, commander's sighting system TKN-ZV, fire extinguishing equipment ZETS13 "Hoarfrost" with freon cylinders.

Adoption Soviet army in 1985, tanks of a new modification T-72B became a kind of response to the appearance in the armed forces of NATO of tanks of the third post-war generation: "Leopard-2", Ml "Abrams" and "Challenger". The design of the T-72B implemented the latest achievements of the then Soviet defense industry - a dynamic protection system and a complex of tank guided weapons.

Armor protection:

The armor of the T-72 is rolled and cast steel, the VLD of the hull (on all models) and the frontal armor of the turret (most models) are combined. The hull of the tank is welded, made of rolled armor parts of various thicknesses and designs. VLD combined, inclined at an angle of 68° from the vertical. NLD made of homogeneous steel, its thickness is 80 mm (on the T-72A it was increased to 100 mm). The steel sheets of the side armor are 70-80 mm thick.

Name: Tu-160 "Blackjack"

Type: Strategic supersonic missile bomber

Crew: 4

Length, m: 54.1

Height, m: 13.1

Wingspan, m: 55.7/35.6

Wing area, m2: 360

Masses, kg:

Empty: 118000

Normal takeoff: 267600

Maksim. takeoff: 275000

Fuel: 148000

Maksim. combat load: 40000

Normal combat load: 9000

Speed, km/h:

Altitude: 2200

Near the ground: 1030

Cruising: 850

Practical ceiling, m: 15000

Maksim. rate of climb, m/min: 4200

Maksim. operating overload: 3.5

Takeoff / run length, m: 2000/1600

Required runway length, m: 3050

Breakaway speed, km/h: 284

Landing speed, km/h: 300

Practical range, km (without refueling):

With normal loading - more than 12500

With max. Loading - 10500

Flight duration, h: 15

Engine: 4xTRDDF NK-32

Thrust, kgf:

Afterburner: 4x25000

Armament: no built-in armament. Two weapons compartments can accommodate various loading options weighing up to 40,000 kg: up to 12 KR type X-55, up to 12 KR type X-15, KAB various types caliber up to 1500kg, thermonuclear and conventional bombs, mines.

avionics: the aircraft is equipped with an integrated sighting and navigation system, including a backup INS, an astronavigation system, a radar, an optoelectronic automatic bombing sight. There is an electronic warfare complex.

Name: Tu-142M "Bear-E"

Type: Anti-submarine aircraft

Developer: Tupolev Design Bureau, Russia

Crew, people: 10-11

Length, m: 55.1

Height, m: 13.6

Wingspan, m: 50.04

Wing area, m2: 289.9

Masses, kg:

Empty: 91800

Maksim. takeoff: 182000

Fuel: 86000

Maksim. combat load: 9000

Speed, km/h:

Maksim. at altitude: 855

Cruising: 735

Practical ceiling, m: 10600

Takeoff / run length, m: 2530 / n.d

Practical flight range, km: 10050

Range, km: 5000

Flight duration, h: 12

Engine: 4xTVD NK-12MV

Power, hp: 4х15000

Armament:

Ammunition: n / a

The bomb bays can accommodate various weapons weighing up to 9000 kg; depth charges, torpedoes, rockets, as well as various sonar buoys. Up to 8 Kh-35 anti-ship missiles can be suspended on parts of the aircraft under the wings.

Airborne avionics: aircraft are equipped with various search and sighting systems: Korshun, Korshun-Kaira, 2 Korshun-K, Berkut, as well as electronic warfare systems.

Name: Su-30 (T-10PU) "Flanker-C"

Type: Air defense fighter-interceptor

Manufacturer: OKB Sukhoi, Russia

Crew: 2

Length, m (with PVD): 21.93

Height, m: 6.35

Wingspan, m: 14.7

Wing area, m2: 62.04

Masses, kg:

Empty: 17500

Normal takeoff: 24000

Maksim. takeoff: 30500

Fuel in internal tanks: 9400

Maksim. combat load: 4000

Speed, km/h:

At height: 2125(M=2.0)

Near the ground: 1400 (M=1.14)

Practical ceiling, m: 17500

Rate of climb, m/s: 13700

Maksim. operating overload: 9

Takeoff / run length, m: 750/650

Breakaway speed, km/h: 270

Landing speed, km/h: 240

Practical range, km:

Altitude: 3000

Near ground: 1300

With one refueling: 5200

Engine: 2xAL-31F

Thrust, kgf:

Max: 2x7600

Afterburner: 2x12500

Armament:

1хGSh-301 (30mm, 1500 rds/min)

Ammunition, pcs: 150

Air-to-air missile armament is similar to that of the Su-27P, but with the possibility of using R-77 missiles with an active RGSN.

avionics: SUV similar to that used on the Su-27P. Additionally, the Su-30 avionics includes special communication and guidance equipment for fighters operating in the group. All data on the tactical situation is displayed on a widescreen display in the rear cockpit, from where the target distribution in the group takes place. Also on the Su-30, the navigation system, SDU, have been modernized, there is an in-flight refueling system. The defense complex is similar to the Su-27P. Serial production started in 1991. in Irkutsk.

Name: MiG-25PD (ed. 84D) "Foxbat-E"

Type: Interceptor

Producer: OKB MiG, Russia

Crew: 1

Length, m (with LDPE): 22.3

Height, m: 6.6

Wingspan, m: 14.056

Wing area, m2: 61.9

Masses, kg:

Empty: about 20,000

Normal takeoff: 34920

Maksim. takeoff: 41000

Fuel in internal tanks: 14750

Maksim. combat load: 1800

Speed, km/h:

At altitude: 3000 (M=2.83)

Near ground: 1200

Practical ceiling, m: 20700

Rate of climb, m/sec: n/a

Maksim. operating overload: 5

Takeoff / run length, m: 1250/800 (with TP)

Breakaway speed, km/h: 360

Landing speed, km/h: 290

Practical range, km: 1730

Ferry range, km: n/a

Engine: 2xRD-15BD-300

Thrust, kgf:

Max: 2x8000

Afterburner: 2x11200

Armament: up to four R-40RD missiles with PARGSN and R-40TD with IKGSN, or up to four R-60 and R-60M missiles with IKGSN in various combinations. There is no built-in cannon armament. It is possible to hang one PTB (5300kg) under the fuselage.

Airborne: N005 Sapphire-25 radar with AVM-25 computer and TP-23Sh1 heat direction finder.

The interceptor is guided using the Lazur-M command radio control line, SPO-15 Bereza is installed to warn about exposure.

The first flight of the MiG-25PD was made on November 19, 1977 under the control of test pilot Menitsky V.E. Serial production took place at the Sokol NGAZ in 1978-79, more than 150 units were produced, some of the machines were exported to Iraq, Syria and Algeria.

Type: 130-mm self-propelled gun mount of the coastal artillery complex A-222 "Bereg"

Producer: TsKB "Titan", Russia

Crew: 8

Length, m: 12.95

Width, m: 3.2

Height, m: 3.925

Combat weight, kg: 43700

Booking: n/a

Engine: diesel, D-12A-525A

Power, hp: 525

Max. speed, km/h:

Highway:60

Power reserve, km: 650

Armament:

1x130mm gun

Firing range, km: 23

Projectile type: high-explosive F-44

Projectile weight, kg: 33.4 (all types)

Beginning projectile speed, m/s: 850.

Ammunition, pcs: 48

Pointing angles, degrees:

Vertical: -5/+50

Horizontal: +/-120

Rate of fire, rds / min: 14

State tests of the 130-mm self-propelled coastal artillery system A-222 "Bereg" were completed on May 30, 1993.

The complex is designed to defend the coast from ships, aircraft and KR (within the guidance angles) of the enemy.

The complex consists of a self-propelled artillery mount (up to 4 pieces), a fire control system BR-136 and a combat duty support vehicle.

All components of the A-222 "Bereg" complex are placed on the MAZ-543M chassis with the wheel arrangement 8X8. The weight of the chassis is 21 tons.

The gun mount cannon uses shells from the AK-130 ship gun mount, but the barrel has a muzzle brake and an ejector. The length of the barrel is about 54 calibers, a number of elements of the swinging part are taken from the self-propelled guns 2S19 "Msta".

Charging unitary type.

The installation is equipped with a ballistic computer, a laser rangefinder and an optoelectronic command sight, which allows you to autonomously fire at targets in the event of the destruction or failure of the BR-136 Podacha fire control system.

Type: Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser (project 1143.5 "Eagle")

Displacement, tons: 55000 standard 67500 full

Dimensions, m: 302.5 × 72.3 × 10.5.2 aircraft lifts

Speed, knots: 30

Power plant: 8 boilers, 4 GTZA. 200000 hp 4 screws.

Range, miles: 3850 at 29 knots, 8500 at 18 knots, 12000 at 10 knots

Crew: 2590 people, incl. 626 air wing.

Armament: 12 launchers SM-233 SCRC P-700 "Granit", 4 × 6 VPU air defense systems "Dagger" 192 SAMs 9M-330, 8 SAMs "Kortik" - 2x4 SAMs 9M311 + 2x500 pieces, 6 × 6-30mm AK- 630M - in the installation of 2000pcs, 2x10 RKPTZ-1 "Udav-1M" - 60 RSL-120, 24 Su-33, 18 Ka-27 missiles of various modifications.

REO: BIUS "Lesorub", navigation and communication radar, space communication system, Mars-Passat complex, Fregat-MA radar, Podkat radar, antenna launchers for air defense systems and artillery, control radar flights "Resistor", landing system "Moon", electronic warfare system"Constellation-BR".

MODERN SMALL ARMS

World practice shows that in recent decades the development of conventional means of armed struggle has reached a qualitatively new level. Under these conditions, the real prospects not only for solving combat missions, but also for the survival of personnel on the modern battlefield without modern equipment and weapons are practically reduced to zero.

In the new Military Doctrine of Russia, attention is focused on the use against the enemy the latest tools armed struggle: precision weapons, weapons on new physical principles, unmanned aerial and autonomous marine vehicles, bio-cybernetic and other systems. Russia needs a modern and well-equipped army with high combat power.

To defeat the enemy, various fire weapons are used, but small arms remain the most massive. It is in service with all types of troops and branches of the Armed Forces. It is no coincidence that the Kalashnikov assault rifle is considered the “most important” weapon of the last 50 years.

The value of small arms and man-portable fire support is especially great in local wars, counter-guerrilla and anti-terrorist operations, which have become the main type of military conflicts of the modern era. In such conflicts, uni-
the destruction of dispersed enemy manpower is much more important than the capture or destruction of infrastructure, and here small arms are indispensable. Yes, and in a large-scale war, it becomes the main means of destruction in the battle in the city, in the forest, and in the mountains, when the possibilities of other means are limited. Such conditions combat regulations they are usually referred to as “special combat conditions”, but this does not at all mean their rarity or exclusivity. On the contrary, battles under such conditions are becoming more commonplace.

Small arms, which are in service with the Russian army and designed to solve combat and operational tasks, are classified as combat. There are various approaches to the class and definition of modern small arms. One of them is its classification by combat capabilities. Consider samples of military small arms in service military units Russian army.

Pistols

Pistols and revolvers are weapons of direct attack and defense at short distances - up to 50 m. The small mass and small size allow you to constantly carry these weapons with you and quickly open fire from various positions. the main advantage of personal weapons throughout the history of its existence.

Most modern combat pistols have self-cocking (double action) trigger mechanisms. This allows you to make the first shots much faster if the cartridge is in the chamber. Self-loading pistols are used as service weapons by senior and senior officers, and as auxiliary weapons by officers, privates and non-commissioned officers, they are widely used by special forces. The most common combat pistols of caliber 7.62-9 mm with a magazine capacity of 8-18 rounds (Fig. 66). Figure 66 Makarov pistol

Revolvers are now decommissioned in the armies of developed countries, but remained in paramilitary formations and the armed forces of underdeveloped states. Basically, revolvers are used as police and civilian weapons. An important requirement for modern combat personal weapons has become a reduction in size and weight, since for the owner it is usually an auxiliary load, and not the main one; increasing the accuracy of shooting and penetrating action in connection with wide application personal protective equipment. An example of this is the emergence of Russian pistol cartridges with bullets of increased penetrating action such as 7N25 (9x18 PBM) or 7N31 (9x19 PBP) while maintaining the stopping effect.

Automata

During the Second World War, the problem of increasing the density of fire in close combat had to be solved with the help of submachine guns. But the war revealed the need for weapons that would reliably hit targets at medium ranges. Neither a low-powered pistol nor an overly powerful rifle cartridge was suitable for this. The problem was solved by creating an intermediate power cartridge. On its basis, an automatic handgun with a replaceable magazine and a variable mode of fire was created, which eventually became the main one. In the USSR and a number of other countries, these weapons began to be called "automatic", in the West - "assault rifle". Their first samples had a caliber of 7.5-7.62 mm. Initially, the difference between a machine gun and an assault rifle was not only in the name. If the Soviet Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK) was created under an intermediate cartridge (later called "automatic"), which made it possible to make the weapon compact and maneuverable enough for close combat, then the NATO countries adopted a rifle-powered cartridge and relatively long-barreled assault rifles under it (Fig. 67).

Machine guns and assault rifles took their place in the center of a kind of “triangle” (between a rifle, a submachine gun and a light machine gun). With a mass of 3.5-4.5 kg, they have a relatively short length of 800-1100 mm, a combat rate of fire in bursts of up to 100-150 rounds per minute, and are convenient for operations in various conditions, are reliable.

In the 1960s there was an important change - a decrease in the caliber of weapons. In the United States, the M16 (M16A1) 5.56 mm assault rifle was adopted, and soon small-caliber rifles appeared in other countries: the Israeli Galil (SaSh), the Belgian

Rice. 67. Kalashnikov assault rifle

FNTs (P1 ^ C), Austrian Stt-77 (51d-77), French FAMAS (RA MAZ). An automatic cartridge of 5.56 mm caliber, with a slight decrease in the effective range, made it possible to increase the efficiency of firing at ranges up to 300 - 400 m, since a high-speed bullet gave a flatter (flatter) trajectory at these ranges, and due to the lightening of the cartridge and reduced recoil, the maneuverability of the weapon increased and increased wearable ammunition.

In 1974, a new 5.45 mm caliber small arms system entered the armed forces in the USSR, the AK 74 assault rifle became its basis, small-caliber small-caliber cartridges equalized machine guns and assault rifles in capabilities. Since the machine gun has to fire at various targets, its ammunition includes cartridges with both an ordinary steel-core bullet and tracer, as well as other special bullets. The bullet must have a good stopping and penetrating effect. The stopping effect of a bullet depends on the amount of energy transferred to the target when it hits, and the nature of the lesion.

The combination of the stopping action of a bullet with a penetrating one is becoming especially important at the present time in connection with the widespread use of personal armor protection equipment (body armor, helmets, shields). The bullets of modern machine guns pierce steel helmets at a distance of up to 800 m, bulletproof vests of the 2nd - 3rd class - up to 400-500 m. Night sights are used for shooting at night, optical and collimator sights are increasingly being used in individual weapons. hand-to-hand combat serves as a detachable bayonet-knife.

1 Collimator sighting systems are systems that use a collimator to build an image of a target mark projected to infinity. Collimator & torus - a device for obtaining parallel beams of light rays or particles. The collimator sight provides a very high aiming speed - about 2-3 times faster than traditional front sights, since when aiming you need to combine only two points: a red luminous mark, which is visible through the eyepiece, and, in fact, the target itself.

For airborne troops, actions on vehicles, etc., a number of samples are equipped with folding or retractable stocks.

In the development of machine guns and assault rifles over the past 10-15 years, one can see the desire to ensure that a fighter can fire the first shot as quickly as possible or transfer fire to another target, with the maximum probability of hitting a pinpoint target with the first shot or the first short burst, as long and conveniently as possible. carry weapons. This is achieved by improving the weapon itself (its accuracy and accuracy of fire, improving balance and ergonomics, more convenient location of the translator-fuse) and sights, reducing its size and weight without sacrificing accuracy and power. In some samples, two standard mode of fire - continuous and single - are supplemented by a fixed queue mode of two or three shots to increase the probability of hitting without overspending cartridges.

The versatility of machine guns and assault rifles made them the most massive, "circulation" weapons used in all branches of the military. They will probably remain so for a long time to come. A modern complex of individual weapons is often an automatic-grenade launcher, i.e., it is characterized by a combination of a “rifle” barrel, “artillery” in the form of an underbarrel grenade launcher with a fragmentation shot, and an electro-optical system in the form of a night or combined sight.

Sniper rifles

Rifles under a powerful rifle cartridge remained in service mainly as sniper weapons. The sniper rifle has gone through several historical stages in its development. At first, specimens that gave the most accurate battle were selected from a batch of ordinary rifles, and optical sights were fitted to them. Then sniper rifles began to be made on the basis of regular ones, making minor changes to the design, but they were made with increased accuracy, sights were specially developed for them.

A modern sniper rifle is a specially designed "cartridge-weapon-sight" complex. Optical sights, special sniper cartridges made with increased accuracy, improved ergonomics significantly increase its accuracy (Fig. 68). One of the first such sniper systems

Rice. 6 V. Sniper Rifles

The weapon was the Soviet SVD rifle with a 7.62-mm sniper cartridge and a PSO-1 optical sight. The main tasks of army snipers include hitting small targets at ranges up to 600 m, and large targets up to 800 m.

Important targets for which a sniper must work include command personnel, observers, liaison officers, snipers, group weapon crews, enemy tank crews, surveillance and communications equipment. In addition, a sniper can conduct harassing fire at a range of 1,000 - 1,200 m, demoralizing the enemy, guarding his movements, interfering with mine clearance, etc. At present, the sniper's likely targets are becoming more protected, including manpower in the means of individual armor protection.

Among military sniper rifles, two types can be distinguished: rifles for the best shooters(special design, or "ersatz-sniper" based on a machine gun or light machine gun) and more accurate rifles for professional snipers.

Special requirements are imposed on the armament of the snapper-professiopil in terms of accuracy and accuracy of fire at long ranges, sufficient penetrating action of the bullet.

For police sniper rifles, the requirements are higher: if a miss by an army sniper may not have fatal consequences, then the price of a miss by a police sniper is the loss of a hostage or the injury of a person not involved in the incident.

Because there are no "standard" shooters (people vary in height, shoulder width, neck and arm length, and hand size), many rifles use adjustable stocks and cheek rests. The use of special target weapons in close combat is ineffective, so the sniper has to be additionally armed with a shortened machine gun or submachine gun.

Local conflicts, counter-guerrilla and counter-terrorist operations only increased the importance of the combat work of single snipers, sniper pairs and targeted sniper units. Characteristically, a qualitatively new sniper rifle was among the priority samples for adoption by the Russian army.

Light machine guns

Light machine guns are superior in combat capabilities to assault rifles and machine guns and are designed to destroy manpower at distances where the latter's fire is ineffective - up to 1,000 meters.

16Т19 [modern version)

Light machine guns usually have the same caliber as the machine guns in service, differing in a weighted barrel, a larger magazine capacity or the possibility of belt feeding, firing based on a bipod (Fig. 69). This provides the best

Rice. 70. Heavy machine gun 6P50 Kord 12.7 on an infantry machine 6T7

accuracy and a higher combat rate of fire - 150 rounds per minute in bursts. The mass of light machine guns in full gear is usually 6-14 kg, and the length of the blinker is the length of the rifles. This allows the machine gunners to act directly in the battle formations of the units. Modern light machine guns fill the niche between individual and group weapons (Fig. 70).

The main method of arrows (from a light machine gun) is to rest on a bipod and rest the butt on the shoulder, but you also need the ability to fire from the hip, on the move. The main problem light machine gun is the need to combine in mm weapons small size and weight with a higher intensity of fire, accuracy and stock of cartridges than an automatic machine.

Similar information.

Russian Federation as the successor of the broken Soviet Union today, many European states are seen as a potential adversary. Therefore, when creating military doctrines, emphasis is placed on a possible military confrontation. The doctrine of the United States of America is somewhat different. According to experts, of all states, it is the United States that strives for world domination. The Russian Federation is forced to respond symmetrically. In this regard, it is quite understandable why many people compare the military equipment of the United States and Russia. According to experts, the military potential of the two states is not inferior to each other. Information about the weapons and military equipment of Russia is contained in the article.

Acquaintance

The formation of the armed forces of the Russian Federation took place in 1992. At that time, there were only 288,000 people in the Armed Forces. Today, the number has reached 1 million. According to experts, Russia's military equipment is modern and highly developed. The country has weapons of mass destruction and a lot of nuclear stocks. According to experts, in Russian army do not use weapons brought from abroad. Everything necessary for the needs of the army is made on the territory of the state. Gunsmiths and the defense industry are developing new military equipment in Russia. To date, the Armed Forces are equipped with the most modern weapons. Modernizing the army, the state had to spend more than 19 trillion rubles. Experts suggest that by 2020, samples of new Russian military equipment will amount to at least 70%.

About heavy weapons

According to experts, in the production of self-propelled artillery systems volley fire Russia is four times greater than the United States. The Russian army has weapons that have no analogues in Western countries and, according to experts, will not appear in the near future. For example, the Russian Federation has a heavy flamethrower system "Solntsepek" and a system that provides volley fire, Tornado. In Russia, the names of military equipment are quite original. For example, in the UK, a self-propelled artillery mount is listed as "Archer", an American howitzer - "Paladin". In Russia for self-propelled howitzers, mortars and cannons, the names of colors are used: "Carnation", "Acacia", "Tulip", "Hyacinth", "Peony". For anti-tank missiles 9M14M and 9M123, the names "Baby" and "Chrysanthemum" were used.

"Voevoda"

The main defense of the state is provided by strategic nuclear weapons. It is represented by a whole complex of ammunition, carriers, management systems and vehicles. This weapon uses nuclear energy, which is obtained by fission and fusion of nuclei. To date, the new Russian nuclear weapon is considered to be the RS-24 Yars.

It began to be created back in the years of the Soviet Union, after the collapse of which Russia became the owner of all design developments. The workers of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant are assembling nuclear complexes. The missile deployment took place in 2009. Soon, on the basis of Yars, engineers created a similar complex, which is known as Topol-M.

PAK-FA T-50

It is a fifth-generation multirole fighter. A new military equipment of Russia has been developed in the Sukhoi Design Bureau. The crew of the aircraft consists of one pilot. The length of the fighter is 19.7 m. The height is 4.8 m. The plane weighs 18,500 kg. The rate of climb is 330 m/s. For the takeoff run, the T-50 needs at least 350 m. The flight range is in the range from 4300 to 5500 km. The fighter is designed for a maximum combat load of up to 9400 kg. It rises to a height of up to 20 thousand km. The flight duration indicator does not exceed 5.8 hours.

Tu-160

It is a strategic supersonic missile bomber. Military equipment was developed in Russia by employees of the Tupolev Experimental Design Bureau. The crew of the aircraft is 4 people. The Tu-160 weighs 118 thousand kg. The aviation model is designed for a maximum combat load of up to 40,000 kg. The combat load indicator does not exceed 9 thousand kg. The aircraft moves with a maximum speed of 2200 and a cruising speed of 850 km/h. The Tu-160 needs 2,000 meters to take off. The time spent in the air is limited to 15 hours. Bomber without built-in weapons. Used to transport thermonuclear and conventional bombs, min.

MiG-25PD

This aircraft model belongs to the type of interceptors. Produced in OKB "MiG". The crew consists of one pilot. The aviation unit weighs 20 thousand kg. For the aircraft, a combat load of up to 1800 kg is provided. Develops a speed of 3 thousand km / h. It is equipped with four R-40RD and R-40TD missiles. Aircraft without built-in cannon armament. The interceptor is equipped with a Sapphire-25 radar system and a TP-23Sh1 heat direction finder.

T-14 "Armata"

This sample of Russian military equipment is the main tank. Produced in the design bureau UralVagonZavod. There are three people in the crew of the tank. The combat weight of one combat unit is 57 thousand kg. The tank is equipped with a 12-cylinder X-shaped diesel turbo piston engine A-85-3A. In order to save the motor resource of "Armata", the power of the power plant from 1500 hp. lowered to 1200. On a flat surface, the T-14 is capable of moving at a speed of 70 km / h. The Armata is armed with a 125mm 2A82 smoothbore gun. Guided missiles are used as projectiles.

In addition, this military equipment of Russia is equipped with one 7.62 mm modernized Kalashnikov tank machine gun and one Kord machine gun of 12.7 mm caliber as additional weapons. Main and secondary weapons with remote digital control. The cannon has 45 rounds. Of these, 32 are located in the charging machine. Ammunition for the Kalashnikov machine gun consists of 2 thousand rounds. Of these, 1 thousand are on alert. Another thousand are located in special belts. For Korda, 300 ammunition is provided. They are kept in boxes. Charging is done automatically. The Armata can detect a target at a distance of 5 thousand meters. The defeat is carried out at a distance of up to 7 thousand meters. The tank uses a universal tracked platform, in the creation of which the best practices of such models as the Black Eagle and T-95 are used. The peculiarity of "Armata" is the presence of an uninhabited tower. In the manufacture of armor, high-quality steel 44S-SV-Sh and additional ceramic and composite layers were used.

About the T-72B tank

The Ural Carriage Works became the developer of military equipment in Russia. The design of the tank began in 1985. The crew of the combat transport unit consists of three people. The tank weighs 42.5 tons. T-72B with anti-shell combined armor. In addition, hinged dynamic protection is provided for the equipment. Equipped with a 125 mm 2A46M gun. The function of additional weapons is performed by a Kalashnikov tank machine gun and an anti-aircraft NSVT of 7.62 and 12.7 mm calibers.

In addition, the T-72B is equipped with the 9K120 Svir system, which is fired with anti-tank guided missiles. Index maximum range firing from the main gun is 4 thousand m. The projectile weighs no more than 23 kg. The combat set of the main gun consists of 45, ATGM - 4 shells, Kalashnikov machine gun - 2 thousand rounds, NSVT - 300. power unit represented by a V-84-1 diesel engine with an HP 840 power. On a flat surface, the tank moves at a speed of 60 km/h. The rough terrain runs at 35 km/h. The T-72B is equipped with the R-173 radio station, the R-174 intercom, the GPK-59 navigation equipment, the TDA smoke screen, and the TKN-3V sighting system. In addition, the tank has fire-fighting equipment ZETs13 "Hoarfrost" and freon cylinders. T-72B - a tank with a katana and cast steel armor. The body is made by welding. In production, rolled armor parts with various thicknesses and designs are used.

5P85S

It is a launcher that is equipped with the S-300PS complex. The preparation and launch of missiles is provided by a special container, autonomous power supply - the 5S18A system. In combat calculation - four people. The fire is conducted by anti-aircraft guided missiles 5V55R. There are 4 rounds in the ammunition load. It takes 5 minutes to deploy the complex. The target is destroyed at a range of 47 thousand meters at an altitude of up to 2 km. The indicator of the maximum flight altitude of the rocket is 30 km. The projectile flies at a speed of 1.2 m/s. When arranging the chassis, the MAZ-54ZM chassis was used. The complex is capable of reaching a maximum speed of up to 60 km / h.

A-222 "Coast"

Combat vehicles is a 130 mm artillery mount. Crew size - 8 people. Weight exceeds 43 tons. The unit is equipped with a D-12A-525A diesel engine with a capacity of 525 horsepower. On a flat surface, the vehicle moves at a maximum speed of 60 km / h. The installation was equipped with one 130 mm caliber gun. Shooting from it is carried out at a target located no further than 23 thousand meters. The barrel has a muzzle brake and an ejector. Military equipment is equipped with F-44 high-explosive shells in the amount of 48 pieces. One ammunition weighs 33.4 kg. He moves towards the target at a speed of 850 km / h. Within one minute, 14 shots can be fired from the complex. The task of this military equipment is to provide defense on the coast. The crew of the A-222 "Bereg" fires at enemy ships, aircraft and cruise missiles. In addition to the ACS, the complex has a BR-136 "Feed" management system and an on-duty fighting machine. In the production of the A-222, the MAZ-543M chassis is used, the mass of which is 21 tons. The installation uses a ballistic computer, a laser rangefinder and an optoelectronic command sight, thanks to which, in the event of a breakdown in the BR-136 control system, fire is fired at the target automatically.

"Eagle"

It is a heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser, with a displacement of 55,000 to 67,500 tons. It moves at a speed of 30 nautical knots. The cruiser is equipped with boilers (8 pcs.), GTZA (4 pcs.) and four propellers. The power plant capacity reaches 200 thousand liters. With. The crew is 2590 people. The cruiser transports 626 aviation units. "Eagle" is armed with 12th launchers P-700 "Granit", anti-aircraft missile systems "Dagger" (4 units) and "Kortik" (8 units). In addition, the cruiser has two RKPTZ "Udav-1M", the ammunition load of which consists of the RSL-120 (60 units), Su-33 (24 missiles) and Ka-27 (18 units).

On the conservation of military equipment in Russia

According to experts, there are secret strategic military bases in the country designed to store various pieces of military equipment: vehicles, mobile command posts, S-300 systems, engineering and radar. For most combat units, the wheelbases of MAZs and KRAZs are used. Judging by the reviews, some of the equipment is rather worn out. However, there are models in the hangars that were sent for conservation after successful sea trials. If necessary, they are suitable for combat missions.

The modern Russian Armed Forces are strikingly different from the army that was in the 90s and early 2000s. Today, the Russian Armed Forces receive the most modern weapons. Already by 2020 latest designs military equipment and weapons in the Russian army should be at least 70%. According to experts, more than 19 trillion rubles can be spent on the modernization of the army. Such a huge amount is provided for by the new state program on military-technical priorities and armament of the Russian army.

Prospects for the latest secret weapons of the Russian army

The rearmament of the army is not only the supply of already created modern equipment to the troops. In Russia, the development of fundamentally new weapons is constantly being created, and decisions are being made for their maximum development. According to experts, in the next decade, the Russian Air Force will receive newest species weapons:

over 500 aircraft of various types;
over 1000 helicopters of various types;
over 200 newest air defense systems that will merge into a single aerospace defense system;
the latest fifth-generation fighters;
modernized and new ballistic missiles for nuclear deterrence forces;
the latest types of high-precision weapons are a variety of bombs and missiles with the latest guidance systems;
new types of anti-tank weapons and new generation air defense systems;
new weapon.

Additional development will be automated systems troop control. Perhaps in the near future Russia will have a super weapon that works on new physical principles. At the moment, scientific developments are underway to create this super weapon. At the moment it has the status of "secret". Also, developments on the creation of hypersonic air-launched missiles do not stop. They should appear before 2020. Hypersonic missiles will exceed the speed of sound by about 6-8 times. The first types of hypersonic vehicles should appear no earlier than 2030.

New nuclear strategic missiles

The core of Russia's shield is strategic nuclear weapons. Its main representatives are heavy liquid ICBMs "Sotka" and "Voevoda". They have already tripled their service life. Today, they are being replaced by the Topol and Topol-M missiles, as well as promising nuclear weapon new generation.

- a small-sized grenade launcher with a reusable launcher and a single shot. This anti-tank weapon was developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau, created on the basis of the RPO-M flamethrower. MGK "BUR" was first demonstrated at arms exhibitions in 2010. This anti-tank weapon was adopted by the army in 2014. It has been mass-produced since the same year.

RPG-32 Hashim

SVLK-14S

SVLK-14S is an ultra-precise sniper weapon that can effectively hit targets at a distance of 1.5-2 km. This small arms was created by Vladislav Lobaev. His companies Design Bureau of Integrated Systems, Tsar Cannon and the Lobaev Arms brand are the first in Russia to develop and produce long-range and high-precision weapons, from the stock to the barrel. According to Lobaev, the main tasks of "Lobaev Arms" are distributed equally - this is work with the power structures of Russia and the commercial component.

The most powerful small arms in terms of effective firing range from Lobaev Arms is the SVLK-14S sniper rifle. Initially, the SVL rifle was designed to accurately hit the target at a distance of over 2000 meters.

The SVLK-14S rifle provides very high accuracy when shooting. This small arms allows you to confidently hit targets at a distance of up to 2300 meters.

Sniper complex 6S8

The 6S8 sniper complex is the leader among Russian large-caliber rifles. The 6S8 sniper complex was created at the plant. Degtyarev. This rifle was created back in 1997, however for a long time for various reasons, it was not mass-produced and was not put into service. Nevertheless, after working on the bugs and collecting all the developments over the previous 10 years, the Degtyarevites managed to achieve the adoption of this rifle into service. This happened in June 2013. The ASVK large-caliber sniper rifle was put into service under the designation 6S8 sniper complex.

The 6S8 sniper rifle was designed to solve special tasks to defeat lightly armored and unarmored enemy vehicles, including openly located manpower, including group and other targets at a distance of up to 1500 meters. The rifle can use a specially designed 7N34 cartridge, as well as the entire range of standard 12.7x108 mm cartridges. This large-caliber sniper rifle is structurally made according to the bullpup scheme. This made it possible to reduce the weight and dimensions of the weapon, providing increased compactness and maneuverability. In general, this sniper rifle turned out to be quite reliable and simple, which is incredibly important.

Russia's new surface-to-surface cruise missiles

The BrahMos complex with the SK310 missile is a cruise anti-ship missile or a special cruise missile against ground targets. Work on the complex began in 1999 in related design bureaus (for example, NPO Iskra). The model of the rocket was first shown at the MAKS-2001 air show. Tests began in 2001, and in 2004 they began to serial production. The complex was offered for export. In 2006, the BrahMos missile was adopted by India. Many of its characteristics are identical to those of the Onyx and the Yakhont anti-ship missiles.
The KTRV hypersonic missile is a project to create the latest hypersonic cruise missile. Work on its creation has been carried out by the Dubna division of the Tactical Missile Corporation (former MKB Raduga) since 2011. When creating a hypersonic missile, the results of tests on research and development "Kholod-2", as well as the experience of creating a hypersonic experimental apparatus "Igla", will be used. In August 2013, it was reported that the TRV Corporation had created a hypersonic missile, however, it only flies for a few seconds.
BrahMos-II is a project of a new hypersonic missile. The development has been carried out by NPO Mashinostroeniya together with the Indian company DRDO since 2008. The work was planned to be completed in 5 years. The BrahMos-II hypersonic missile was supposed to have a speed of 5-7M. In 2013, exhibition photos of the rocket model appeared.
Zircon-S - missile system with a hypersonic missile. The complex has been developed by NPO Mashinostroeniya since 2011. In 2012, there was a hitch with the design of the rocket, but since 2013, work has continued. In 2019, work continues, the issues of creating materials, technologies, demonstrators, as well as the concept of combat use of the latest hypersonic missile are being resolved.

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