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Security measures in handling weapons and ammunition.
Proper handling of weapons is a guarantee not only for the safety of the trainees themselves, but also for the safety of the people around them.
When starting to work with weapons, you must remember: “weapons don’t understand jokes and don’t forgive mistakes”. Therefore, before taking up a weapon for the first time, it is necessary to study in detail the safety measures when handling it.
Security measures is a set of measures, knowledge, skills and abilities that allows you to avoid tragic consequences in case of unauthorized operation of weapons or ammunition and is aimed at safe handling of them.
Consider the security measures regulated by regulatory legal acts. They are almost exhaustive in their informativeness and are applicable to almost any situation in the handling of weapons and ammunition.
Security measures in the study of the material part of the weapon.
Before starting to shoot from any weapon, trainees must definitely study the material part of the weapon from which they will shoot.
Classes on the study of the material part are carried out using only training weapons and ammunition. Combat or reserve weapons and ammunition may be used only in case of emergency, when the use of training weapons and ammunition is not possible.
At the beginning and at the end of the lesson, the completeness of training weapons and the number of training ammunition to prevent loss of weapon parts and ammunition. Before the start of the lesson, it is necessary to check training cartridges for the absence of combat cartridges among them.
All actions with a weapon begin with a check to see if it is loaded. When checking weapons for unloaded, it is necessary:
disconnect the magazine from the weapon and check the presence of cartridges in it. If there are cartridges in the store, then you do not need to immediately remove them, you should put the store aside;
turn off the fuse (remove the weapon from the fuse) and inspect the chamber;
after making sure that there is no cartridge in the chamber, turn on the fuse (put the weapon on the fuse). If there is a cartridge in the chamber, then inform the teacher about it;
if there are cartridges in the magazine, remove them from it;
attach the magazine to the weapon.
Inept actions during disassembly and assembly of weapons often lead to injuries to the fingers. To avoid this, you must first learn how to disassemble and assemble weapons slowly and correctly, because when performing normative exercises, it is not rush that is important, but the clarity of actions, since when performing sudden movements in a hurry, you can injure your hands on the protruding parts of the weapon.
When disassembling and assembling weapons, it is necessary to ensure that parts and mechanisms do not hit each other. Do not use too much force when removing or installing a particular part or mechanism. With the right actions, as a rule, serviceable weapons are disassembled and assembled without undue effort. It is also necessary to check the serial numbers on parts and mechanisms of weapons in order to prevent their replacement with parts and mechanisms of other weapons. When removing or installing weapon mechanisms with springs, care should be taken not to injure hands or people nearby.
When reloading the magazine with cartridges, the correct technique for loading it should be used. The magazine is held in the left hand with the feeder towards him, and the cartridge is taken in the right hand for the bullet. The feed tooth should not be used to facilitate loading the magazine, this can lead to serious injury to the fingers.
Security measures when cleaning weapons.
Weapons must always be kept clean and in good working order. This is achieved by timely inspection, cleaning and lubrication, careful handling of weapons and proper storage.
Before cleaning, it is necessary to inspect weapons, magazines, bags for magazines, holsters.
Dismantling the weapon for cleaning must begin with checking the weapon - whether it is loaded, while the barrel of the weapon must be directed to a safe place.
Cleaning and lubrication of weapons is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant instructions under the direct supervision of a teacher, a shooting leader, a unit commander in places specially designated for these purposes.
Disassembly and assembly of weapons during cleaning must be carried out in the sequence set forth in the special instructions.
After cleaning and lubricating the weapon, it is necessary to inspect it first disassembled and then assembled.
clean weapons with products that can lead to mechanical and chemical damage;
clean weapons with flammable substances (gasoline, etc.);
smoking while cleaning;
leave foreign objects in the bore after cleaning the weapon (rags, rags, etc.).
Security measures when carrying and transporting weapons.
When units move on foot, machine guns are carried in the position “on the belt”, “on the chest” or “behind the back”, pistols are carried in holsters. An assault rifle with a folding butt is carried in the "on the belt" position with the barrel down, with a straight butt - the barrel up.
Movement with weapons (machine guns) should be carried out only under the guidance of the head of the unit. The machines must be unloaded and put on the fuse.
Transportation of the firearm unit to and from the shooting range must be carried out under the direction of the person responsible for the transport of firearms and ammunition. Before landing in vehicle the machine must be picked up by the handguard so as not to damage the vehicle or injure someone. In a sitting position, submachine guns with a folding butt should be in the hands, placed vertically with the receiver on the seat between the knees, the magazine away from you, pistols - in a separate box under the supervision of the head. Assault rifles with a straight stock must be placed on the floor of the vehicle and held by the handguard.
If the person carrying the weapon is standing, then the machine is taken to the “on the belt” or “behind the back” position.
When transporting and carrying weapons, it is strictly prohibited:
disassemble weapons;
remove from the fuse;
retract the bolt carrier (bolt);
aim at something;
plug the bore with something.
Safety measures during firing practice.
Shooting safety is ensured by strict observance of the requirements of the relevant instructions, the correct organization of firing, and the high discipline of trainees.
Each trainee must know and unquestioningly observe the established safety measures when handling weapons and ammunition.
During firing, safety can be ensured:
clear and competent management of ongoing activities;
serviceability of weapons, imitation tools, bullet receivers and anti-ricochet equipment, as well as lighting, means of amplifying speech and transmitting commands.
The boundaries of an open-type shooting range are marked on the ground with inscriptions: “Shooting range”, “Stop, shoot”, “Passage and passage is prohibited”, which are installed within good visibility, as well as at the intersection of paths and roads leading to the shooting range. If necessary, the boundaries of the shooting range (shooting range) can be dug in trenches. All roads and hiking trails are blocked by barriers or other barriers. In addition, in the settlements closest to the shooting range (shooting range), announcements are posted about the prohibition to enter, enter the territory of the shooting range (shooting range) during shooting.
Unauthorized persons should not uncontrollably enter the areas of organization and conduct of firing.
Permission to open fire is given only by the chief of fire or his assistant. Fire is allowed on the command "Fire".
The "Fire" command is duplicated on command post shooting ranges with a red flag, at night - with a red lantern. For a temporary cessation of firing, the command "Stop" or "Stop, cease fire" is given. On these commands, the shooters must immediately stop pulling the trigger and turn on the safety. These commands may be followed by the following commands:
for a complete cessation of shooting - "Discharge";
to continue shooting - "Fire".
When shooting in anti-noise headphones, it is forbidden to put them on, adjust or take them off with a weapon in your hands.
When performing special exercises related to turns, turns, somersaults, jumps, the weapon must be put on safety until the moment of opening fire.
When moving during exercises, when performing actions with a weapon, as well as in pauses between shots when firing a pistol, the weapon must be directed towards the targets.
Firing by all shooters must cease immediately independently without the command of the chief of fire, and the one who noticed first must give the command “Stop” or “Stop, stop shooting” in the following cases:
when people, cars or animals appear on the target field, as well as low-flying aircraft over the firing area;
when raising a white flag (lantern at night) at a command post or dugout (shelter). This signal is similar to the "Stop, cease fire" command;
in the event of a fire from shooting.
uncover the weapon or remove it from the holster;
load weapons, open and fire without the command of the chief of firing;
direct a weapon, whether it is loaded or not, towards people or in the direction of their possible appearance;
to fire in the following cases: without the command of the head of firing, from a faulty weapon (using faulty ammunition), in dangerous directions, with a white flag (lantern) raised at the command post of the shooting range (shooting gallery);
leave a loaded weapon anywhere, as well as transfer it to other persons.
Appointment, combat properties and the general arrangement of the AK-74.
The machine is individual small arms and is designed to destroy enemy manpower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine.
For firing from the AK-74 assault rifle, 5.45 mm 7n6 and 7n10 cartridges are used with ordinary (with a steel core), tracer and armor-piercing incendiary bullets.
Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of automatic fire. It is conducted in short (up to 5 shots), long (up to 10 shots) bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is made from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.
The most effective fire from the AK-74 assault rifle is carried out at a distance of up to 500 m.
Tactical and technical characteristics of akm and ak-74
|
Characteristic | ||
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Caliber, mm | ||
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Cartridge, mm | ||
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Muzzle velocity, m/s | ||
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Sighting range, m | ||
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Magazine capacity, pcs. Patr. | ||
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Rate of fire, rds / min. | ||
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Combat rate of fire, rds / min. | ||
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when firing single shots | ||
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when shooting bursts | ||
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Machine length, mm | ||
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without bayonet | ||
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with attached bayonet | ||
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Barrel length, mm | ||
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Machine weight without bayonet-knife, kg | ||
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with empty magazine | ||
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with equipped magazine | ||
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Bayonet-knife weight with scabbard, kg | ||
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The range up to which the slaughter is preserved - | ||
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bullet action, m | ||
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Direct shot range | ||
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chest figure (height 50 cm), m | ||
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on a running figure (height 150 cm), m | ||
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Number of rifling in the bore, mm |
The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:
return mechanism;
gas tube with handguard;
trigger mechanism;
shop.
a barrel with a receiver, with an aiming device, butt and pistol grip;
receiver covers;
bolt carrier with gas piston;
The main parts and mechanisms of the machine
AT machine kit includes:
shopping bag.
accessories (ramrod and pencil case with accessories)
Affiliation
Belt and shopping bag
The automatic action of the AK-74 is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore to the gas piston of the bolt carrier.
Interaction of parts and mechanisms of the automaton.
When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the upper part of the barrel into gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston and the bolt carrier with the bolt into the rear position. When moving back, the bolt turns, unlocks and opens the bore, removes the sleeve from the chamber and throws it out, and the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger (puts it on the self-timer cocking).
The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, while the bolt sends the next cartridge from the magazine to the chamber and, turning, closes and locks the bore, and the bolt frame removes the protrusion (sear) of the self-timer from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger. The shutter is locked by turning it to the left and entering the lugs of the shutter into the cutouts receiver.
Appointment and arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine.
Trunk serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right.
Muzzle brake compensator serves to increase the accuracy of the battle when firing bursts from unstable positions (on the move, standing, kneeling), as well as to reduce the recoil energy.
Front sight base has an emphasis for a ramrod and a bayonet-knife handle, a hole for a front sight slider, a front sight guard and a latch with a spring.
Gas chamber serves to direct powder gases from the barrel to the gas piston of the bolt carrier.
sighting device serves to aim the machine when firing at targets at various distances. It consists of a sight and a front sight.
Stock and pistol grip serve for the convenience of automatic operation.
Coupling serves to attach the forearm to the machine. It has a forearm lock, a swivel for a belt and a hole for a ramrod.
Receiver serves to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, to ensure the closing of the bore with a bolt and locking the bolt; a trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. From above it is closed with a lid.
receiver cover protects parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.
Bolt carrier with gas piston serves to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.
Gate serves to send a cartridge into the chamber, close and lock the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber. The shutter consists of a core, a drummer, an ejector with a spring and an axis, and a stud.
trigger mechanism serves to release the trigger from the combat cocking or cocking the self-timer, strike the striker, ensure automatic or single fire, stop firing, prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked and for setting the machine to safety.
trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver, where it is attached with three interchangeable axles, and consists of a trigger with a mainspring, a trigger retarder with a spring, a trigger, a single-fire sear with a spring, a self-timer with a spring and a translator.
Hammer with mainspring serve to strike a striker. The trigger is used to keep the trigger cocked and to release the trigger. The single-fire sear serves to hold the trigger in the rearmost position after firing, if the trigger was not released during single-fire firing.
Self-timer with spring serves to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the bore and bolt are not closed. The translator is used to set the machine to automatic or single fire, as well as to set the fuse.
Return mechanism serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position. It consists of a return spring, a guide rod, a movable rod and a clutch.
Gas tube with handguard consists of a gas tube, front and rear couplings, a handguard and a metal half ring. The gas tube serves to guide the movement of the gas piston. The barrel pad serves to protect the submachine gunner's hands from burns when firing.
Score serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver. It consists of a body, a cover, a locking plate, a spring and a feeder.
Bayonet knife attaches to the machine gun before an attack and serves to defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat.
Sheath used to carry a bayonet-knife on the waist belt. In addition, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.
Affiliation serves for disassembly, assembly, cleaning and lubrication of the machine. Accessories include: a ramrod, a wipe, a brush, a screwdriver, a punch, a hairpin, a pencil case and an oiler.
Purpose, combat properties and general device of the PM.
The 9mm Makarov pistol is a personal offensive and defensive weapon designed to engage the enemy at short distances.
WEAPONS DEVICE
The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon. It is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation in natural night lighting conditions, the AK74N, AKS74N assault rifles are equipped with a universal night shooting sight (NSPU).
For firing from a machine gun, cartridges with ordinary (with a steel core) and tracer bullets are used.
Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is fired in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 10 shots from a machine gun) bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is made from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.
The effective firing range of the machine gun is 1000 m. The most effective fire on ground targets: on the machine gun is at a distance of up to 500 m, and on airplanes, helicopters and paratroopers - at a distance of up to 500 m. 1000 m
Direct shot range:
At the machine on the chest figure - 440 m,
According to the running figure - 625 m;
The rate of fire is about 600 rounds per minute.
Combat rate of fire: when firing bursts from a machine gun - up to 100; when firing single shots from a machine gun - up to 40,
The weight of the assault rifle without a bayonet-knife with a plastic magazine loaded with cartridges: AK74 - 3.6 kg; AK74N - 5.9 kg; AKS74 - 3.5 kg; AKS74N - 5.8 kg. The weight of the bayonet-knife with the scabbard is 490 g.
receiver covers;
shutter;
return mechanism;
Shop.
The machine kit includes: accessory, belt and bag for magazines; in addition, a rifle case with a pocket for a magazine is included in the kit with a folding butt, and a universal night sight is also included in the kit with a night sight.
The principle of operation of automation.
The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber.
The order of incomplete disassembly of the machine gun (machine gun):
1) Separate the store.
2) Remove the accessory case from the stock socket.
3) Separate the cleaning rod.
4) Separate the muzzle brake compensator from the machine.
5) Separate the receiver cover.
6) Separate the return mechanism.
7) Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt.
8) Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier.
9) Separate the gas tube with the handguard.
Assembly is carried out in the reverse order.
AK74: parts and mechanisms of the machine gun, their purpose; delays in firing, their causes and solutions.
The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:
Barrel with receiver, sighting device, stock and pistol grip;
receiver covers;
Bolt frame with gas piston;
shutter;
return mechanism;
Gas tube with handguard;
trigger mechanism;
Shop.
In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife.
The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet.
The receiver is used to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, to ensure that the bore is closed with a bolt and the bolt is locked. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid.
The receiver cover protects the parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.
The aiming device is used to aim the machine when firing at targets at various ranges. It consists of a sight and a front sight.
The buttstock and pistol grip are used for the convenience of the machine gun when firing.
The bolt carrier with a gas piston is used to actuate the bolt and trigger mechanism.
The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.
The return mechanism serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.
The gas tube serves to guide the movement of the gas piston.
The barrel pad serves to protect the hands of the submachine gunner (machine gunner) from burns when firing.
The trigger mechanism is used to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, to strike the striker, to ensure automatic or single fire, to stop firing, to prevent shots when the bolt is unlocked and to set the machine gun (machine gun) to safety.
The fore-end serves for the convenience of action and to protect the hands of the submachine gunner (machine gunner) from burns.
The magazine serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.
The muzzle brake-compensator of the machine serves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy.
The bayonet-knife is attached to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle. In addition, it is used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire).
Shooting delays, their causes and solutions.
Parts and mechanisms of the machine gun (machine gun) with proper handling and proper care for a long time work reliably and without fail. However, as a result of contamination of mechanisms, wear of parts and careless handling of the machine gun (machine gun), as well as malfunction of cartridges, delays in firing may occur.
The delay that occurred during firing should be tried to be eliminated by reloading, for which purpose the bolt carrier must be quickly pulled back by the handle to failure, released and continued firing. If the delay is not eliminated, then you need to find out the cause of its occurrence and eliminate the delay, as indicated below.
| Delays and their characteristics | Reasons for delays | Remedy | |
| Cartridge failure The shutter is in the forward position, but the shot did not occur - there is no cartridge in the chamber | 1. Dirty or faulty magazine 2. Faulty magazine latch | Reload the machine gun (machine gun) and continue firing. If the delay repeats, replace the magazine. If the magazine latch malfunctions, send the machine gun (machine gun) to the repair shop | |
| Cartridge sticking The bullet bullet hit the breech section of the barrel, the moving parts stopped in the middle position | Store malfunction | While holding the bolt handle, remove the stuck cartridge and continue firing. If the delay repeats, replace the magazine | |
| Misfire The bolt is in the forward position, the cartridge is in the chamber, the trigger is released - the shot did not occur | 1. Malfunction of the cartridge 2. Malfunction of the striker or trigger mechanism; contamination or solidification of the lubricant (no or small pinprick of the striker on the primer) / 3. Jamming of the striker in the gate | Reload the machine gun (machine gun) and continue firing. When the delay is repeated, inspect and clean the drummer and trigger mechanism; in case of breakage or wear of the trigger mechanism, send the machine gun (machine gun) to the repair shop Separate the firing pin from the bolt and clean the hole in the bolt under the firing pin | |
| Not extracting the sleeve The cartridge case is in the chamber, the next cartridge rests against it with a bullet, the moving parts have stopped in the middle position | 1. Dirty cartridge or dirty chamber 2. Dirty or defective ejector or its spring | Pull the bolt handle back and, holding it in the rear position, separate the magazine and remove the stuck cartridge. Remove the cartridge case from the chamber with a bolt or ramrod. Continue shooting. When repeating the delay, clean the chamber and cartridges. Inspect and clean the ejector from dirt and continue shooting. If the ejector malfunctions, send the machine gun (machine gun) to the repair shop | |
| Sticking or not reflecting the sleeve The sleeve was not ejected from the receiver, but remained in it in front of the bolt or sent back to the chamber by the bolt | 1. Contamination of rubbing parts, gas paths or chamber 2. Contamination or malfunction of the ejector | Pull the bolt handle back, eject the cartridge case and continue firing. When repeating the delay, clean the gas paths, rubbing parts and the chamber; lubricate moving parts. If the ejector malfunctions, send the machine gun (machine gun) to the repair shop | |
| Shutter frame in forward position | Return spring failure | Replace the spring (in a combat situation, turn the front part of the spring with the tucked end back and continue firing | |
AK-74 assault rifles (AKS-74) (Fig. 2.1) are individual weapons and are designed to destroy enemy manpower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun.
The AK-74 (AKS-74) assault rifle was adopted in 1974 to replace the AKM (AKMS), from which it differs mainly in a reduced caliber (5.45 mm). Automation nodes are preserved in their original form. A small-caliber bullet has a high initial velocity and, as a result, the best flatness of its flight trajectory, has good penetrating power and lethal force. The increase in the lethal effect of the bullet is provided by mixing the center of gravity back. When hit in the human body, such a bullet loses its stability and begins to tumble, completely giving up its energy and causing severe lacerations. In addition, a small recoil momentum at the time of the shot had a positive effect on the accuracy of shooting. The reduction in the mass of cartridges made it possible to increase the wearable ammunition load.
The butt of the machine can be wooden or plastic. The folding stock is made in the form of a rigid welded triangular frame. In the reclined position, it is held by a latch, in the folded position - by a latch located in the receiver.
The handguard of the machine can be wooden or plastic. It has finger rests, which ensure the convenience and reliability of holding the machine. The assault rifle has a two-chamber compensator, which, in combination with the low recoil momentum of the small-caliber cartridge, ensures high firing efficiency. In terms of firing efficiency, the AK-74 is 1.3-1.5 times superior to the AKM.
The combat properties of the AK-74 / AKS-74 assault rifle are given in Table. 2.1.
Table 2.1.
| Properties | Meaning |
| Caliber | 5.45mm |
| Sighting range | 1000 meters |
| Direct shot range | 440 meters |
| rate of fire | 600 h/min |
| Practical rate of fire: | |
| single fire | up to 40 h/min |
| queues | up to 100 h/min |
| muzzle velocity | 900 m/s |
| Bullet kill range | 1350 meters |
| Maximum range of a bullet | 3150 meters |
| Magazine capacity | 30 rounds |
| Machine weight without bayonet and magazine | 3.07/2.97 kg |
| Magazine weight without cartridges | 230 grams |
| Used cartridges | 5.45 x 39 mm |
| Cartridge weight | 10.2 grams |
| machine length: | |
| with a bayonet | 1089 mm |
| without bayonet | 940 mm |
| Machine length with folded stock | 700 mm |
| barrel length | 415 mm |
| sighting line length | 379 mm |
2.1.2. Advantages of the AK-74 / AKS-74 design
The machine has a significant muzzle energy(1316 J), which provides a good penetrating and high lethal effect of the bullet. Reliability, survivability and structural strength at the level of AKM. Thanks to cartridges with low recoil momentum, high initial speed and a gentle trajectory of a bullet, the AK-74 is almost one and a half times superior to it in terms of accuracy and effective firing range. The trigger mechanism, which does not knock down aiming when fired, and the muzzle brake-compensator also contribute to an increase in the accuracy of fire. The lower power of the 5.45-39 mm cartridge compared to the 7.62-39 cartridges reduces the heating of the forearm during long-term shooting.
The fuse guarantees the safety of handling weapons, since the fuse sector, acting on the rectangular ledges of the trigger, simultaneously locks the trigger with a figured ledge of the trigger. The fuse is also a translator of the fire mode.
Provision is made for attachment of the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher to the assault rifle, which significantly increases the combat effectiveness of weapons. The rigid AKS-74 folding buttstock allows them to strike in hand-to-hand combat.
The presence of a strap for attaching a night sight to individual instances of the machine gun allows you to effectively hit targets at night. In addition, luminous nozzles can be put on the front sight and rear sight.
2.1.3. Design flaws AK-74 / AKS-74
Despite the superiority in a number of parameters over the AKM, the machine is still inferior assault rifles NATO countries in terms of effective range and accuracy of fire. Most of the shortcomings of the AKM (and the bayonet) were preserved in this model.
In addition, the practice of combat use of small-caliber machine guns in Afghanistan and Chechnya showed their lower effectiveness compared to 7.62 mm. When firing from an underbarrel grenade launcher, the receiver cover jumps off. The mount of the muzzle brake-compensator is weak, which leads to the appearance of lateral pitching of this brake and a decrease in its effectiveness.
The above shortcomings in the design of the machine are eliminated in the AK-74M model.
2.1.4. The device of the AK-74 / AKS-74 assault rifle
The machine gun consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 2.2): a barrel with a receiver, with an aiming device and a butt; receiver covers; bolt carrier with gas piston; shutter; return mechanism; gas tube with a barrel nozzle; trigger mechanism: forearm; shop, bayonet-knife. The machine kit also includes: accessory, belt and bags for magazines.
Purposeand combat properties of the AK-74 assault rifle
The Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon.It is designed to destroy manpower and defeatenemy firepower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation under natural night illumination conditions to machine guns can be attached to a night shooting sight universal (NSPU).Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Avtomatic fire is the main type of fire: it is fired in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 10 shots) bursts and does notdiscontinuously.
|
Data |
AK-74 |
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Caliber, mm |
5,45 |
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Pritz. range, m |
1000 |
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Far straight. shots: by growth. figure, m by chest figure, m |
625 440 |
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Rate of arrows, in min. |
600 |
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Shotcatch per min.: solitary queues |
100 |
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Beginning bullet speed, m/s |
900 |
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Slaughter. action, m |
1350 |
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Previous far,m |
3150 |
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Weight, kg: with unfortunate. shop with equipment. shop |
3,3 3,6 |
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Capacity shop |
|
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Bayonet - knife weight, gr. |
490 |
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Machine length, mm: with bayonet - knife without bayonet - knife with a complicated butt. |
1089 940 |
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Barrel length, mm |
415 |
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Number of grooves, pcs. |
|
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Rifling pitch, mm |
200 |
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Duln. energy, J |
1377 |
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Cartridge |
5.45x39 |
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Cartridge weight, g |
10,2 |
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bullet weight with steel heart,G |
3,4 |
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Gunpowder weight. charge, g |
1,45 |
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Approx. weight NSPU, kg |
2,2 |
The main parts and mechanisms of the AK-74.
The assault rifle consists of the following main parts and mechanisms: a barrel with a receiver, sighting device, butt and pistol grip (1); receiver covers (3); bolt carrier with gas piston (4); shutter (5); return mechanism (6); gas tube with handguard (7); trigger mechanism; forearm (8); shop (9). In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator (2) and a bayonet-knife (10). The machine kit includes: accessory (11, 12), belt and bag for magazines; the machine kit with a folding butt, in addition, includes a case for the machine gun with a pocket for the magazine; The kit of the machine with a night sight also includes a universal night shooting sight.
Automatic operation of the machine based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber. When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston and the bolt carrier with the bolt to the rear position. When the bolt frame moves back, the bolt is unlocked, the bolt removes the sleeve from the chamber and throws it out, the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger (puts it on the self-timer cocking). The bolt carrier with the bolt returns to the forward position underby the action of the return mechanism, the bolt sends the next cartridge from the magazine to the chamber and closes the barrel bore, and the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger.
The trigger becomes on a combat platoon. The shutter is locked by turning it around the longitudinal axis to the right, as a result of which the lugs of the shutter go beyond the lugs of the receiver. If the translator is set to automatic fire, then the shooting will continue as long as the button is pressed. trigger and there is ammo in the store. If the interpreter is set to single fire, then only one shot will fire when the trigger is pulled; to fire the next shot, you must release the trigger and pull it again.
Purpose of accessories to AK-74 and their composition.
Affiliationto the machine is used for disassembly, assembly, cleaning and lubrication of the machine and accelerated magazine equipment. Accessories include: a ramrod, a wipe, a brush, a screwdriver, a punch, a pencil case, an oiler, clips and an adapter. /. ramrod; 2.rubbing; 3. brush; 4. screwdriver; 5. drift; 6. pencil case; 7. cover; 8. oiler; 9. clip; 10. adapter
The order of incomplete disassembly and assembly after incomplete disassembly of the AK-74.
Partial disassembly procedure:
1. Separate the store. Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt, right hand grab the magazine by pressing the latch with your thumb, move the bottom of the magazine forward and separate it. After that, check if there is a cartridge in the chamber, for which lower the translator down, pull the bolt handle back, inspect the chamber, release the bolt handle and pull the trigger from the cocking.
2. Take out the case with accessories. Drown the cover of the butt socket with the finger of the right Hand so that the pencil case comes out of the nest under the action of the spring, open the pencil case and remove the rubbing, brush, screwdriver, punch and hairpin from it.
3. Separate the cleaning rod. With your left hand, pull the end of the ramrod away from the barrel so that its head comes out from under the stop of the front sight base, and pull the ramrod forward. When separating the ramrod, it is allowed to use a punch.
4. Separate the muzzle brake compensator. Drown the muzzle brake-compensator lock with a screwdriver. Remove the muzzle brake compensator from the threaded protrusion of the front sight base by rotating it counterclockwise. In case of excessively tight rotation of the muzzle brake-compensator, it is allowed to unscrew it using a punch (ramrod) inserted into the windows of the muzzle brake-compensator.
5. Separate the receiver cover. Grasp the neck of the butt with your left hand, press the protrusion of the guide tube (rod) of the return mechanism with the thumb of this hand, lift it with your right hand upper part receiver and separate the cover.
6. Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt. Continuing to hold the machine gun with your left hand, with your right hand pull the bolt carrier back to failure, lift it together with the bolt and separate it from the receiver.
7. Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier. Take the bolt carrier left hand with the bolt up, pull the bolt back with your right hand, turn it so that the leading ledge of the bolt comes out of the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and pull the bolt forward.
8. Separate the gas pipe with the receiver lining. Holding the machine with your left hand, turn the contactor away from you to a vertical position with your right hand and remove the gas pipe. Assembly of the machine after incomplete disassembly is carried out in the reverse order. It must be remembered that after attaching the receiver cover, it is necessary to pull the trigger from the cocking and put the weapon on the safety.
