Cartridge 9 mm Luger combat. pistol cartridges

the beauty 26.07.2019

the beauty

Cartridge 9 × 19 "Parabellum"

Developed in 1908 for the Parabellum pistol (Luger). The basis was the cartridge 7.65 mm "Mauser". His case was cut and connected to a 9mm bullet.

For its ballistic qualities, it was widely used. This is the main patron of the armies of NATO countries. Together with the Beretta pistol, the 92FS entered service with the US Army. There is reason to believe that he or his analogue will be adopted in Russia for service.

It is produced with a brass and steel sleeve with bullets having a head in the form of a truncated cone (bullet "K") and chewing shape (bullet "O").

All bullets are jacketed and have a steel or lead core. Now the cartridge is standardized. Tracer and incendiary bullets have been developed. Produced in Belgium, France, Germany, England, Sweden, South Africa, Italy, Israel, USA.

Main characteristics

Ammo:
7.65 mm Browning (left), 7.62 × 25 mm TT (center), 9 × 19 mm Parabellum (right)

Cartridge "Parabellum"

Modern Russian versions of the cartridge 9 × 19 mm

The production of commercial 9×19 mm cartridges in Russia began in the 1990s, initially for export. At the turn of the 1990s-2000s, it was decided to switch to a new standard 9 × 19 mm cartridge for the army and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. For new models of weapons, new modifications of the cartridge with improved ballistic and performance characteristics were developed.

9x19 Pst gzh(GRAU index - 7Н21) - cartridge with a bullet with a steel core. Developed by TsNIItochmash in the early 1990s. Bullet weight - 5.4 grams, muzzle velocity - 445-470 m / s. It outperforms the commercial 9x19mm Parabellum ammunition and the more powerful military 9x19mm NATO (9x19 +P) ammunition in terms of power. The bullet pierces a 4 mm steel plate St.3 at a distance of 55 m.
9x19 PBP gzh(GRAU index - 7Н31) - a cartridge with a bullet of increased penetration. Developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau in the early 2000s. The semi-shell bullet of the 9 × 19 PBP cartridge has a heat-strengthened steel core, exposed at the head. The shirt is made of aluminum alloy. Bullet weight - 4.1 grams, muzzle velocity - up to 600 m / s. High speed and design features of the bullet provide reliable penetration of bulletproof vests of the 2nd protection class according to GOST R 50744-95. When used in combination with a new cartridge of increased penetration (7N31), it provides penetration of bulletproof vests of the 3rd class or an 8-mm steel plate at a distance of at least 20 m.
9x19 PP gs (gzh)(GRAU index - 7Н30) - a cartridge with a bullet of increased penetration. Developed in the late 2000s. KBAL them. L. N. Koshkin together with the Tula Cartridge Plant. Bullet weight - 5.5-5.8 grams, muzzle velocity - 420-445 m / s. The bullet pierces a 4 mm steel plate St.3 at a distance of 60 m, and bulletproof vest Zh-86-2 at a distance of 25 m.
9x19 P gzh(GRAU index - 7Н35) - cartridge with a bullet with a lead core. Developed by TsNIItochmash, not mass-produced.
9x19 T gzh(GRAU index - 7T4) - a cartridge with a tracer bullet. Developed by TsNIItochmash, not mass-produced.
9x19 PRS gs- a cartridge of reduced ricochet ability. Developed and mass-produced by OJSC Barnaul Machine-Tool Plant. Bullet weight - 7.47 grams, muzzle velocity - 345-385 m / s.
9x19 PSO gzh (gs, gl)- sports cartridge. Serially produced by the Tula Cartridge Plant. Bullet weight - 7.46 grams, muzzle velocity - 340 m / s.
9mm Luger- sports and hunting cartridge. Serially produced by LLC PKP "AKBS".
9mm Luger- sports and hunting cartridge. Serially produced by ZAO Barnaul Cartridge Plant.
9mm Luger- sports and hunting cartridge. Serially produced by OJSC "Tula Cartridge Plant".

The history of the most common pistol cartridge on planet Earth at the present time (beginning of the 21st century) is no less interesting than the history of the weapon for which it was created.

The "great-grandfather" of the famous automatic pistol "Parabellum" was the pistol of the German gunsmith Hugo Borchardt, which was called "K-93" (Design of 1893). This pistol used an original bottle-shaped cartridge of 7.65 mm caliber and a cylindrical part with a diameter of 9 mm as ammunition. Let's remember the last number.

The design of the automatic pistol "K-93" turned out to be successful, but material-intensive, time-consuming and expensive. In addition, the unique bottle cartridge was also, firstly, very difficult to manufacture, and secondly, simply expensive. As a result of several upgrades (through the efforts of the talented German engineer and businessman Otto Luger) in 1902, the K-93 pistol turned into the legendary Parabellum, and the “neck” was cut off from the bottle cartridge (to increase the power of the pistol and reduce production costs). They named the cartridge the same as the pistol. "Parabellum" - "prepare for war."

This is how the cartridge 9x19 mm PARA (Parabellum), new for its time, turned out. In 1904, the pistol (and hence the cartridge) was adopted by the German Navy, in 1908 - into service with the German Army. Then he began a triumphal procession around the world. With Parabellum pistols, this cartridge came to countries that bought German pistols for their armies. AT European countries, to Russia and even Brazil.

At first, the cartridge bullet for the Parabellum pistol had the shape of a truncated cone. In 1915, it was replaced with a bullet with an ogival warhead. Since 1917, the bullet and cartridge case began to be coated with waterproof varnish. Since then, the standard 9x19 mm cartridge has not changed much. High ballistic performance ammunition and ease of production, proven by the Second World War, made it the de facto most common cartridge for submachine guns. So it remains in our super-technological time.

Tactical and technical characteristics:

Caliber, mm - 9.

starting speed bullets, m / s - 410-435.

Muzzle energy of a bullet, J - 485–505.

Chuck length, mm - 29.7.

Sleeve length, mm - 19.15.

Cartridge weight, g - 7.2–12.5.

Bullet weight, g - 5.8–10.2.

The weight of a standard bullet, g - 7.5-8.

Weight of a high-speed bullet, g - 2.9.

Powder charge weight, g - 0.36.

Nowadays, the 9x19 mm PARA cartridge (“Parabellum”, or “Luger”, by the name of the designer) is produced in almost all countries of the world that produce ammunition in general, including Russia. By the way, often the first name usually refers to 9x19 mm NATO live ammunition, and the second to ammunition for the civilian market.

Today, the name 9x19 mm PARA indicates only the geometric dimensions of the cartridge, while there are more than two thousand different modifications of this ammunition in the world. Cartridge cases are steel, brass, bimetallic, plastic. The bullet can be of any type, including plastic. Bullet general purpose- shell with a lead core, weighing 7.5 or 8 g, the shell of the bullet is bimetallic or steel, clad with tompak.

In general, bullets are the most different forms and from a variety of materials. A bullet, like a cartridge in general, can be used to solve its own, sometimes very specific tasks. So, the Finnish "police bullets" KRO are a lead "bubble" with a void inside. When hitting a person, such a bullet is crushed, “incapacitating” the person with a painful shock, but without causing serious bodily harm.

There are, on the contrary, armor-piercing bullets with a hardened steel core in the form of a “screw”, which not only stupidly pierces, but is screwed into steel or body armor, penetrating much further than just a sharp piece of iron. There are also quite a few classifications of 9x19 mm cartridges, the most common is according to the muzzle energy of the bullet.

For the European market, 450 J is considered the standard. Anything above 550 J is considered strong (for the military), everything below 400 J is “weak”, for solving special problems. For the American market, an energy of 300-400 J is considered the standard, such cartridges are designated as "Luger". Anything above 450 J is considered "special purpose" and is designated as "Parabellum".

Well, there are generally exotic 9x19 mm cartridges with tracer bullets, designed for training firing from Armbrust and Miniman anti-tank grenade launchers, equipped with special liners.

And one more interesting observation. All pistols chambered for 9x19, produced for the military, have an interlocked bolt (the largest resource), for the police - semi-linked, for the civilian market it is not uncommon to have a free bolt, which has a very small resource. The reason is purely economic - in the quality of ammunition and the resource of weapons (the number of shots before the destruction of the mechanism). A military barrel must reliably fire several thousand times practically without interruption, a police barrel is designed for about a hundred or two hundred shots a year, a civilian one even less.

Plus the quality of the ammo. The standard civilian user chooses the best of standard or weakened ammunition for shooting (military cartridges usually do not get into the civilian trade network), the police suppliers are quite solid and proven.

But stocks for military weapons in case of war are made according to the principle "to be more powerful, simpler and cheaper." Therefore, in any manual for a civilian pistol, even one that is designed for military-style ammunition (for example, the Glock-17), the manufacturer does not recommend doing this. New, modern Russian pistols(Gryazev-Shipunov pistol "GSh-18" and Yarygin pistol "PYa") were originally designed for a 9x19 mm cartridge. "Standard" cartridges 9x19 mm in Russia are produced by the Tula "TPZ", the Ulyanovsk Machine-Building Plant, the Barnaul plant "BARS".

By the way, the 9x19 mm Parabellum pistol cartridge is never converted to the inch system. It is always 9x19 mm "Parabellum". The cartridge, which by its name resembles the well-known truth: “If you want peace, prepare for war!”

9x19 Luger

Pistol cartridge 9x19 Luger (9x19 Luger, 9x19 Parabellum) 9mm caliber, designed by Georg Luger in 1902 for the Parabellum pistol. The 7.65 mm Parabellum cartridge was taken as the basis, in which the sleeve was shortened (instead of a bottle-shaped sleeve it became cylindrical), into which a 9mm caliber bullet was placed. Since 1904, the cartridge has been adopted by the German navy, and since 1908, the cartridge has been used in the German army.
The cartridge is a regular cartridge of NATO countries and is used in pistols and submachine guns. Thanks to a successful design, this cartridge has become the most common pistol cartridge in the world, even in Russia the cartridge is currently adopted under the marking 9x19 PP (7H21).

In 1904, in order to increase the power of the Parabellum pistol, Luger changed the shape of the 7.65 mm cartridge case from a bottle cartridge to a cylindrical one, connecting it with a 9 mm cartridge bullet.

Initially, the 9x19 cartridge had a shell bullet with a flat head (in the form of a truncated cone). In 1915, it was replaced by a bullet with an ogival warhead. The bullet first had a steel sheath clad with cupronickel with a lead core. Since 1917, the steel shell of the bullet has been varnished with tompac.

Cartridge cases 9x19 are available in both brass and copper plated steel. The bullet can be of any type, including plastic. General purpose bullet - jacketed with a lead core. The shell is bimetallic or steel, clad with tombak.

The cartridges produced for civilian and police weapons were equipped with almost all types of bullets produced in the world.

The good ballistic qualities of the 9x19 cartridge made it the standard ammunition for pistols and submachine guns in most countries of the world after World War II.

The 9x19 Luger / Parabellum cartridge is produced in almost all countries of the world.
9x19 Luger from various manufacturers

Some European companies still use the designation 9x19-mm "Luger" for cartridges supplied to the American market, while for other buyer countries the same cartridges are sold as 9x19 "Parabellum".

Nevertheless, the external geometric dimensions of the sleeve, which are the same within tolerance, unite thousands of the most diverse cartridges developed in all corners of the world since 1902 into the 9x19 caliber family.

There are also so-called “automatic” 9x19 cartridges designed for submachine guns, which in the west have the general designation “series B 3” (The use of such cartridges in any pistols is unacceptable, because due to much more "NATO" of the maximum allowable pressure of powder gases can break the barrel.They can only be used in submachine guns).

Modern weapons, such as, for example, pistols "Glock-17", "Beretta-92 FS", etc., are produced taking into account the fact that 9-mm + P + or 9-mm cartridges may be used for firing. -mm NATO.

True, experts do not advise owners of such pistols, such as the Glock-17, Beretta-92 FS, etc., to always fire from it with 9-mm + P + or 9-mm NATO cartridges, it is better to shoot with a “standard” cartridge 9x19, since in the case of firing with a “standard” 9x19 cartridge, the barrel life will be much higher than in the case of firing with 9x19 + P, 9x19 + P + or 9x19 NATO cartridges.

It is also worth mentioning the fact that Russia also switched to the “European standard”, adopting the 9x19 caliber cartridge (and its modifications) as one of the standard cartridges for military weapons(and also due to the fact that the 9x18 PM cartridge turned out to be powerless in front of modern means armor protection) at the Tula Cartridge Plant developed its improved modification - cartridge 9x19 PP.

9x19 PP (GRAU Index - 7N30)- a cartridge with a bullet of increased penetration. Developed in the late 2000s. KBAL them. L. N. Koshkin together with the Tula Cartridge Plant. Bullet weight - 5.5-5.8 grams at a pressure in the bore up to 2200 atm. (220 MPa), muzzle velocity - 420-445 m / s at a distance of 10 meters from the muzzle, which corresponds to kinetic energy 714 J. This energy is enough to break through a 7 mm steel plate, and a 4 mm steel plate St.3 at a distance of 60 m, body armor Zh-86-2 at a distance of 25 m. True, only early 9x19 PP cartridges had such an acceptable pressure .

9x19 PST (GRAU Index - 7N21)- cartridge with a bullet with a steel core. Developed by TsNIItochmash in the early 1990s. Bullet weight - 5.4 grams, muzzle velocity - 445-470 m / s. It outperforms commercial 9x19mm Parabellum ammunition and the more powerful 9x19mm NATO (9x19 +P) military cartridges in terms of power. The bullet pierces a 4 mm steel plate St.3 at a distance of 55 m.

However, later manufacturers, having decided to "build up their muscles", seriously strengthened the serial armor-piercing cartridges 7N21 (developed by TSNIITOCHmash, cartridge designer - I.P. Kasyanov) working pressure, which turned out to be higher than that of 9x19 caliber cartridges, designed for use only in submachine guns.

9x19 PBP (GRAU index - 7N31) - a cartridge with a bullet of increased penetration. Developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau in the early 2000s. The semi-shell bullet of the 9×19 PBP cartridge has a heat-strengthened steel core, exposed at the head. The shirt is made of aluminum alloy. Bullet weight - 4.1 grams, muzzle velocity - up to 600 m / s.
The high speed and design features of the bullet ensure reliable penetration of bulletproof vests of the 2nd protection class according to GOST R50744-95. When used in combination with a new cartridge of increased penetration (7N31), it provides penetration of bulletproof vests of the 3rd class or an 8-mm steel plate at a distance of at least 20 m.

The later 7N31 cartridge (developed by KBP) has even more “hard” levels of maximum allowable pressure even compared to the 7N21 cartridge, which not only leads to unnecessary stress on the weapon, but also makes it impossible to achieve acceptable accuracy and accuracy of fire.

It is also worth noting the fact that Russian ammunition manufacturers produce the 9x19 Luger cartridge with a “standard” working pressure with both brass and steel and bimetallic cases.

It should also be noted that the cartridges produced by the Tula TPZ have an external sealing of the bullet and an increased (compared to other Russian cartridge factories) thickness of the varnish layer at the muzzle of the sleeve.

9x19 P (GRAU Index - 7N35)- a cartridge with a lead-core bullet. Developed by TsNIItochmash, not mass-produced.

9x19 T (GRAU Index - 7T4)- cartridge with a tracer bullet. Developed by TsNIItochmash, not mass-produced.

9x19 PRS- a cartridge of reduced ricochet ability. Developed and mass-produced by OJSC Barnaul Machine-Tool Plant. Bullet weight - 7.47 grams, muzzle velocity - 345-385 m / s.

9x19 PSO- sports cartridge. Serially produced by the Tula Cartridge Plant. Bullet weight - 7.46 grams, muzzle velocity - 340 m / s.

The 9 mm Parabellum cartridge (better known on the North American continent by the name of its creator - Georg Luger - 9 mm Luger, as well as under the designation 9 mm NATO pistol cartridge) is the only cartridge that has deserved to be called simply "cartridge 9" in its more than a century of life. mm".

Georg Luger created the 9x19 cartridge when the Kaiser's German Navy expressed interest in the "Parabellum" pistol of his design, but considered its original 7.65 mm caliber insufficient.

9x19
(early version)

In 1902, to increase the power of the Parabellum pistol, Luger changed the shape of the 7.65 mm cartridge case from a bottle to a cylindrical one, connecting it with a 9 mm cartridge bullet.

In 1904, the German Navy, followed by the German Army in 1908, adopted the Luger pistol and a new cartridge for it.

9x19

Standard cartridges 9x19 Luger / Parabellum (cartridges with standard pressure in the barrel) have a bullet weight from 6 to 10.7 gr, muzzle velocity - from 300 to 450 m / s, muzzle energy - from 450 to 550-600 Joules.

9x19 Luger
FMJ; FMJ nick; HP (R-P); HP (CBC); HP nick
(from left to right)

The cartridges produced for civilian and police weapons were equipped with almost all types of bullets produced in the world.

The good ballistic qualities of the 9x19 cartridge made it the standard ammunition for pistols and submachine guns in most countries of the world after World War II.

The 9x19 Luger / Parabellum cartridge is produced in almost all countries of the world.

9x19 Luger
different manufacturers

In principle, the refinement of the type 9x19 "Parabellum" or 9x19 "Luger" gives only an idea of the geometric dimensions of the sleeve. There is no identity between these designations: in some countries, the first abbreviation refers to live ammunition, and the second to cartridges for the civilian market, in Finland, cartridges with cartridge cases with a Berdan-type primer socket are the first, and Boxer-type primer sockets are the second. ”(The successor to the Berdanovsky primer, which almost replaced the Berdanovsky primer). Some European companies still use the designation 9x19-mm "Luger" for cartridges supplied to the American market, while for other buyer countries the same cartridges are sold as 9x19 "Parabellum". Someone produces cartridges with a mass of the main bullet of 7.5 g, and someone with a mass of 8 g.

9x19 Luger
(standard)

Cartridges 9x19 have several basic modifications that differ in power: 9-mm "parabellum" with a standard pulse (i.e. the pressure in the bore does not exceed the norm), the so-called "standard" cartridge, 9-mm + P (i.e. pressure in the bore is high (increased)), 9mm + P+ (i.e. the pressure in the bore is very high - this type of cartridge is used in the police, less often in "civilian" pistols), 9mm NATO (is in service with the armies NATO countries). There are also so-called “automatic” 9x19 cartridges designed for submachine guns, which in the west have the general designation “series B 3” (The use of such cartridges in any pistols is unacceptable, because due to much more "NATO" of the maximum allowable pressure of powder gases, the barrel can break. They can only be used in submachine guns.).

9mm NATO cartridges are very close in their characteristics to 9mm +P+ cartridges and the use of cartridges of this type in weapons designed for the standard 9x19 cartridge (for example, in old Parabellum-08 or Walter P-38 pistols) ) is unacceptable as it can lead to the destruction of the weapon. Modern weapons, such as, for example, pistols "Glock-17", "Beretta-92 FS", etc., are produced taking into account the fact that 9-mm + P + or 9-mm cartridges may be used for firing. -mm NATO. True, experts do not advise owners of such pistols, such as the Glock-17, Beretta-92 FS, etc., to always fire from it with 9-mm + P + or 9-mm NATO cartridges, it is better to shoot with a “standard” cartridge 9x19, since in the case of firing with a “standard” 9x19 cartridge, the barrel life will be much higher than in the case of firing with 9x19 + P, 9x19 + P + or 9x19 NATO cartridges.

The standard 9mm NATO cartridge has a bullet mass of 7.82 grams at a muzzle velocity of 390-400 m/s, or 8.43 grams at a muzzle velocity of about 375 m/s. Muzzle energy - about 600 Joules.

It is also worth mentioning the fact that Russia also switched to the “European standard”, adopting the 9x19 caliber cartridge (and its modifications) as one of the regular cartridges for military weapons (and also due to the fact that the 9x18 PM cartridge turned out to be powerless in front of modern means of individual armor protection ) at the Tula Cartridge Plant developed its improved modification - cartridge 9x19 PP.

The new armor-piercing cartridge 9x19 is equipped with a semi-sheathed bullet with a steel core. head part steel core - flat, the diameter of the cylindrical part is about 6 mm with a length of 16 mm; the core is enclosed in an aluminum jacket and a bimetallic sheath. A bullet with a total mass of 5.1 grams at a pressure in the bore of up to 2200 atm. (220 MPa) has a speed of 420 m / s at a distance of 10 meters from the muzzle, which corresponds to a kinetic energy of 714 J. This energy is enough to break through 7-mm steel plate. True, only the early 9x19 PP cartridges had such an acceptable pressure.

7Н21

However, later, manufacturers, having decided to "build up their muscles", seriously increased the working pressure of serial armor-piercing cartridges 7N21 (development of TSNIITOCHmash, cartridge designer - I.P. Kasyanov), which turned out to be higher than that of cartridges of 9x19 caliber, designed for use only in pistols -machine guns.

7Н31

It is also worth noting the fact that Russian ammunition manufacturers produce the 9x19 Luger cartridge with a “standard” working pressure with both brass and steel and bimetallic cases. It should also be noted that the cartridges produced by the Tula TPZ have an external sealing of the bullet and an increased (compared to other Russian cartridge factories) thickness of the varnish layer at the muzzle of the sleeve.

Ammunition » Cartridges » 9 - 10 mm
Mercenary 29416 0

Most important element small arms- it's a cartridge. Although modern science in the field of armaments has advanced significantly since the end of the last world war, changes in systems small arms little touched on the appearance of the legendary 9 × 19 cartridge "Luger", which in 2012 celebrated its 110th anniversary.

The origins of the cartridge

The world-famous Parabellum pistol had an ancestor, the pistol of the German gunsmith Hugo Borchard. It was called K-93. Its standard ammunition was a bottle-shaped 7.65 mm round with a 9 mm bore.

The gunsmiths considered the K-93 pistol to be successful. However, its manufacture was complex, expensive and material-intensive. His ammunition was expensive and difficult to manufacture. Borchard and the merchant Luger took steps to improve this pistol. In 1902 they created the legendary Parabellum. His cartridge was also transformed: to increase power and reduce the cost of production, he cut off the “bottleneck”.

The pistol cartridge became known as 9×19 PARA. For service navy Germany adopted the pistol and its ammunition in 1904. And in 1908, they armed the entire German army. Subsequently, Parabellum became so popular that many countries of the world, including Russia, began to buy it.

The beginning of a long journey

Initially, 9x19 was equipped with 2 types of bullets: with a flat top and with a spherical top. In 1915, the production of bullets with a flat tip was stopped. The variant with a bullet with a spherical tip turned out to be the most successful. He maintained the necessary and correct balance between the dimensions of the cartridge and the weapon under them. There are more than a hundred different types and types of small arms that use the Luger 9x19 cartridge.

In 1917, the cartridge case and bullet began to be coated with a special water-repellent varnish. Since that time, the standard 9 × 19 mm cartridge has remained virtually unchanged.

Its high ballistic performance, as well as ease of production, which was tested by numerous wars of the 20th century, led to the fact that it became the most common in the world.

Weapons and cartridge "Luger" 9x19 ("Parabellum") are recognized the best products short-barreled weapons designed for self-defense in the 20th century. Shooting from a Luger or Parabellum pistol recorded the preservation of lethal force at a distance of up to 100-120 meters. The greatest efficiency was achieved at a distance of up to 50 meters. At a distance of 10 m, a 9 × 19 mm cartridge bullet, when hit at an angle of 90 degrees, pierced a steel helmet. Pine board 150 mm thick bullet pierced through at a distance of 50 meters. At this distance, accuracy was about 50 mm.

In addition to the classic pistol cartridge, Germany produced several varieties of them. The Luger cartridge (DWM 480 D) with linear parameters 9 × 19 was designed for firing from the Parabellum carbine. The carbine had an elongated barrel and a wooden stock. The DWM 480 D had the same dimensions as the DWM-480 C pistol cartridge, but the gas pressure of the carbine cartridge was 20% higher. They were not allowed to be used in Luger pistols. These ammunition were distinguished by markings. Moreover, the carbine cartridge was with a blackened sleeve.

World recognition

Since 1910, the Luger 9x19 cartridge has become widely distributed in European countries, including Russia. Before the First World War, the Minister of War, by his order, allowed Russian officers to purchase a Parabellum pistol at their own expense, to use it as a service weapon. He eventually replaced the revolver "Nagant".

Ammunition characteristics

Standard chuck specifications:

caliber 9 millimeters;
muzzle velocity from 410 to 435 meters per second;
cartridge length 29.7 mm;
sleeves 19.15 mm;
loaded cartridge weight from 7.2 to 12.5 grams;
the bullet weighs between 5.8 and 10.2 grams.

Currently, the Luger 9 × 19 cartridge is produced by a lot of countries. Including they are made in the Russian Federation. In NATO countries, it is customary that "Parabellum" is called live ammunition, and the name "Luger" is assigned to ammunition intended for the civilian market.

Variants and modifications

The name 9×19 mm PARA refers only to the geometry of the cartridge. More than 2000 modifications of ammunition of this type are known. Cartridge cases are made in steel, brass, bimetallic and plastic versions. The bullet is also very diverse, including plastic. A standard bullet for general use has a jacketed lead core weighing between 7.5 and 8 grams. Sheath made of bimetal or steel, clad with tampak (applying a bimetallic coating, mainly containing copper).

Bullets chambered for 9 × 19 "Luger" are made in various forms, as well as from a variety of materials. Ammunition is used to solve very unusual problems. So, 9×19 mm police bullets made in Finland are a lead bladder, empty inside. Having hit a person, the bullet is crushed, hitting the target with a painful shock, does not cause bodily harm.

There are other modifications of the 9 × 19 mm cartridges, aimed at guaranteed defeat of a live target. So, in which the core is hardened steel and it is made like a screw, they not only pierce the bulletproof vest, but are also screwed into it, penetrating very deeply.

There are a lot of varieties of 9 × 19 cartridges in terms of their classification. Usually they are distinguished based on muzzle energy indicators.

In the European market, a reading of 450 joules is considered standard. Cartridges of 550 joules and above are classified as strong, designed to equip military units. Cartridges with muzzle energy below 400 joules are weak ammunition, which is used by specials. tasks.

In the US market, 300-400 joules is considered the standard muzzle energy. These ammunition are designated 9×19 "Luger". The same cartridges that give energy above 450 joules are classified as special-purpose ammunition. Designate them 9 × 19 "Parabellum".

History of the Patron in World War II

Cartridge 9x19 "Luger" in World War II was used by all warring countries.

Naturally, it was most actively used by Germany. He was the main cartridge of the MP-18, MP-28, MP-34, MP-35, MP-38, MP-40 submachine guns.

Experiencing a lack of lead at the cartridge factories in Germany, they began to make an iron core, only sheathed in lead. The bullet had a black jacket. AT war time began to produce a shellless version of the bullet, its color was dark gray. It was obtained by sintering iron powder at high temperatures into solid material.

Germany also produced special 9x19 cartridges, namely:

Beschusspatrone 08 - with an increased charge of gunpowder, and its power was 75% more.

Kampfstoffpatrone 08 - The bullets were poisoned. SS units have been supplied with them since 1944. How much ammunition of this type was fired has not been established.

Nahpatrone 08 - intended for weapons with a silencer. The powder charge was smaller, but the bullet differed from the standard weight in a big way.

Pistolenpatrone 08 fur Tropen - this type is designed for use in conditions tropical climate. He had a thermal cartridge case mask in order to prevent the powder from heating up.

Sprengpatrone 08 - an explosive cartridge, an azoimide ball was pressed into the bullet.

Cartridges "Luger" in modern Russia

The 9 × 19 cartridge has also found application in modern Russian army. In March 2003, the armed forces and law enforcement instead of obsolete PM received new pistols:

9mm PYa pistol (Yarygin pistol) chambered for 9×19.

9 mm (Gryazev and Shipunova). Designed for 9×19 pistol cartridge. Ammunition for a pistol of our own design.

Russian carbines

Russian manufacturers They produce only one carbine chambered for 9x19 "Luger". It is called "Vepr-Luger", the factory index of GDP is 132. This weapon is manufactured by the Vyatka plant "Hammer".

From the world-famous carbine "Luger" domestic differs in almost everything. From the prototype, he inherited only the bolt box. There is no venting mechanism. The chamber is reloaded and assembled by a freely swinging bolt. The barrel length reaches 420 mm.

According to the technical data of the carbine, "Vepr-Luger" is intended for hunting at short distances. The main objects are small predators and rodents. The manufacturer recommends equipping the carbine with 9×19 Luger cartridges, which are manufactured at the Barnaul Ammunition Plant. These ammunition at a distance of 25 m have a transverse dispersion of 85 mm. The cartridge pressure is 2350 bar. A bullet weighing 9.4 g. The initial speed is 325 meters per second.

However, the Novosibirsk Cartridge Plant, which produces similar cartridges, offers a much smaller dispersion radius: only 32 mm at a distance of 25 m.