Missile weapons Missile weapons are weapons in which means of destruction are delivered to the target with the help of missiles; collection of different missile systems(missile with a conventional or nuclear warhead, means of targeting, launcher, check-launcher

BOMB WEAPONS

WEAPONS OF THE AIRBORNE AND SPECIAL FORCES By this time, a significant amount of engineering and special ammunition and weapons systems had been adopted by special intelligence units, with the help of which saboteurs were supposed to destroy nuclear attack weapons

You can pilot this machine both from the cockpit and from the cockpit of the pilot-operator, who acts as an instructor. "Night Hunter" with dual control will greatly simplify and speed up the process of training combat crews, which will open up new export opportunities for the Mi-28NE, representatives of the aircraft plant noted in an interview with a RG correspondent. After all, in addition to the acquired learning function, the machine must retain the entire arsenal of an all-weather attack helicopter aimed at destroying enemy armored vehicles, hitting low-flying low-speed air targets, aerial reconnaissance - and not only during the day, but also - justifying its name - at night, including in difficult weather conditions.

On the this moment The manufacturer's portfolio includes two contracts for the supply of Mi-28NE with dual control abroad, the company said. Which countries will receive new helicopters and in what quantity, the representatives of the company did not specify.

Recall that earlier interest in the purchase of "Night Hunter" expressed, in particular, Algeria, India, Kenya and Iraq. The latter signed a contract for the purchase of more than 40 Mi-35 and Mi-28N helicopters from Russia back in 2013, and the first batch of Mi-28NE was delivered to this country in the fall of 2014. Algeria, according to some reports, planned to receive dual-control helicopters.

Among the most valuable advantages of the Mi-28NE with dual control are not only its maneuverability and the possibility of round-the-clock use, but also its firepower. In the arsenal of the helicopter - controlled and uncontrolled missile armament, as well as a mobile gun mount, which is equipped with a 30 mm caliber gun. All vital systems and units of the helicopter are duplicated. The cockpit is securely armored - it is not afraid of armor-piercing bullets and shells of up to 20 mm caliber.

The "impenetrability" of the helicopter became possible thanks to the use latest materials and constructive solutions. The Mi-28NE main rotor blades with dual control are made of composite materials, and the design of the fuel system eliminates the explosion or ignition of the fuel.

In addition, the new Night Hunter will be very difficult to detect by ground-based air defense systems. The helicopter is equipped with an integrated avionics system, which, among other things, allows you to find and recognize ground and air targets, determine their coordinates and transmit target designations to ground and air targets. command posts.

Made in 2014 prototype Mi-28NE with dual controls. At the end of 2015, the State joint tests were completed.

Characteristics of the “Night Hunter”

Normal takeoff weight - 10900 kg;
Maximum flight speed - 300 km / h Cruise flight speed - 265 km / h.

Main armament

"Ataka-V" air-to-surface guided missile system;

Air-to-air missile system "Sagittarius";

Fixed movable gun mount with a 30 mm caliber gun;

Blocks of unguided aircraft missiles (NAR) B-8V20A with a missile of the S-8 type of 80 mm caliber;

Blocks of unguided aircraft missiles (NAR) B-13L1 with a missile of the S-13 type of 130 mm caliber.

Aviation munitions for rocket weapons. Purpose, composition and classification of NAR

Missile weapons are an integral part of most modern military aircraft. Its appearance was due to the need to successfully solve combat missions by aviation during the conduct of wars and conflicts.

Currently, the aviation missile armament includes:

Unguided aircraft missiles (NAR);

Guided aircraft missiles (UAR);

Aviation anti-submarine missiles (APR);

Aviation sea missiles-mines.

In this topic, we will focus on NAR.

According to their purpose, NARs are divided into missiles:

Main purpose (means of destruction);

Auxiliary purpose (means of support).

Both those and others are divided into separate groups according to other classification criteria, among which two main ones can be distinguished: the type of warhead and caliber.

The type of warhead and the features of its design predetermine not only the intended purpose of the NAR, but also reflect the features of its operation at the target. So, they consider NAR with warheads of high-explosive, fragmentation, cumulative, penetrating, combined (high-explosive fragmentation, cumulative fragmentation, etc.), lighting type, etc.

According to the design of warheads, NARs are divided into missiles with single-block warheads, with multiple-type warheads, missiles with cluster-type warheads, etc. For example, NARs with a tandem arrangement of cumulative warheads; NAR with a multiple warhead equipped with volumetric detonating submunitions, etc.

An important parameter of NAR is its caliber. It is determined by the characteristic size of the rocket engine chamber - usually the outer diameter of the chamber.

For existing system solid rockets the caliber of the solid propellant rocket engine is reflected in the short code name of the rocket. So, in the name of missiles of the S-8, S-13, S-25, etc. type, the figure means the caliber of the solid propellant rocket engine, expressed in cm and corresponding to the nominal value of the diameter of the engine chamber. If the diameter of the warhead is greater or less than the caliber of the solid propellant rocket engine, then they say: NAR with an over-caliber or sub-caliber warhead. Their examples are, respectively, NAR-S-25O and S-13T.

Sometimes, according to the size of the caliber, NARs of small, medium and large caliber are distinguished. Although such a classification is conditional, it still gives some idea of ​​the number of missiles suspended from one suspension point of an aircraft (helicopter). It is clear that NAR large caliber you can hang only one for each suspension point with a beam holder of the third group (BD-3). On the same suspension point, you can hang a block with several dozen small-caliber NARs or a launcher with 3-5 medium-caliber missiles.

Since the advent of aviation in service and up to the present, NARs have retained their positions and have invariably been part of the armament of aircraft and helicopters of various generations. This is explained by the fact that, due to their specific properties, NARs significantly increase firepower percussion aviation complexes and expand their capabilities in solving problems of hitting ground and sea targets.

hallmarks and features of unguided rockets as primary munitions are:

Ability to create warhead large mass, comparable in terms of power to air bombs of 100, 250 and even 500 kg caliber;

A significant share of the warhead itself in the total starting weight missiles (up to 65%), which is much more than for UAR;

Big variety types of combat units that ensure high efficiency of aviation operations against a wide range ground targets;

Large NAR ammunition for each aircraft or helicopter due to the use of multi-charge launchers for small and medium caliber missiles;

Sufficiently high accuracy of missile launch, providing the possibility of hitting small targets;

A wide range of missile launch ranges, which makes it possible to hit targets even when they are inaccessible to artillery weapons or air bombs;

The relative simplicity of the device and production, which makes it possible to implement the modular principle of creating a whole class of missiles of the same caliber, having the same engine, but different types Warheads (up to 10 or more);

Ease of operation both in flight and on the ground, which is practically not much different from the operation of air bombs;

A sufficiently long service life, as a result of which NARs are included in the armament options for aircraft of several generations (for example, NARs of the C-24 type have been in service for more than half a century);

Relatively low cost series production NAR in comparison with UAR of a comparable caliber (for example, the cost of an unguided missile of the S-25 type and a guided missile of the S-25L type was estimated at a ratio of 1:6 on the scale of the same ruble exchange rate);

Possibility to implement less costly disposal of NARs prohibited for their intended use.

In addition to the above, one more feature of NAR should be considered. Representing a system consisting of combat (warhead) and missile (solid propellant rocket) parts, unguided rockets, due to obvious advantages, began to be used not only “as a whole”, but also “in parts”, which served as an impetus for the creation of other types of ammunition. Their examples are the already mentioned APR anti-submarine torpedo-missiles, the RM pop-up rocket-mines, the BETAB-500Sh concrete-piercing bombs, which include braking and accelerating engines running on solid fuel, as well as the S-25L guided missile, created on the basis of the NAR S- 25, etc.

At present, the possibilities of NAR are far from being exhausted. A very relevant and promising task is the creation of a large-caliber NAR with a cluster warhead (CBC), which ensures the use of combat elements (bombs, mines, etc.) in large quantities - up to several thousand pieces in a warhead. On the basis of such a missile, an NAR with a gliding flight on the passive part of the trajectory can easily be created, which makes it possible to attack targets from long ranges (up to 10 km or more). The development and adoption of a planning NAR would greatly expand the combat capabilities of modern carriers, including in terms of successfully overcoming enemy air defenses.

Particular attention should be paid to the accuracy characteristics of the use of NAR. In terms of technical dispersion parameters, NARs are significantly superior to aerial bombs, but inferior to guided missiles. Reducing the technical dispersion of NAR is achieved in several ways:

Firstly, due to the short flight time of missiles from the moment of launch to the meeting with the target. Having a high speed at the end of the active part of the trajectory, the rockets fly the rest of the way in a short time, which eliminates the influence of many random factors, including atmospheric turbulence, on the nature of their movement.

Secondly, like a feathered projectile, missiles have a large margin of static and dynamic stability. In the passive section of the trajectory, the center of mass of the NAR is shifted towards the head part due to fuel burnout. The tail unit is located at a considerable distance from the center of mass due to the engine, which has a large length, therefore, in terms of stabilization, it is very effective.

Thirdly, using rotary motion missiles. All NARs in service during movement rotate around the longitudinal axis with angular velocities ranging from several hundred (NAR type C-24) to several thousand (NAR type C-5, C-8) revolutions per minute. The rotation of the missiles is provided by the action of the moments created by directing the thrust force (for NAR with multi-nozzle engines), or due to the aerodynamic moments created by the stabilizer, the feathers of which have either a setting angle of attack or a cut along one of the faces of the feathers. Rotation (rotation) around the longitudinal axis eliminates the influence of the asymmetry of the aerodynamic shape or the eccentricity of the rocket's mass on the trajectory of its movement. If there was no cranking of the rocket, then under the influence of these factors, a lateral moment would arise, leading the rocket away from the direction of fire.

The implementation of constructive measures made it possible to create missiles, the technical dispersion of which was determined by the probable deviation of the circular dispersion in the plane of the sky, equal to 2-3 thousandths of the firing range. With such a dispersion, the accuracy of fire was quite high, which ensured the defeat of small-sized, including air, targets. It is appropriate to recall once again that the first missiles of the S-5 type were created specifically to destroy air targets.

With the advent of the first guided air-to-air missiles, the S-5 NARs were "retargeted" and began to be used to destroy ground targets. Currently, all NARs are used to destroy ground targets.

To increase the probability of hitting small ground targets, an increase in the number of missiles used in one attack is required. Therefore, for missiles of the S-5 type, blocks UB-16 and UB-32 were developed, equipped with 16 and 32 missiles, respectively.

From the above comparative assessment it follows that NAR, as a means of destruction, occupy an intermediate position between aerial bombs and guided missiles and to a large extent complement combat properties and the capabilities of artillery weapons. In terms of accuracy of hitting the target, NARs are significantly superior to aerial bombs, but they are inferior to them in terms of the power of the explosion (action) of warheads. NARs are noticeably superior to air bombs in solving the tasks of hitting especially strong and deep targets due to the provision high speed collision warhead penetrating type. Compared to precision-guided munitions (guided air-to-air missiles and guided air bombs), NARs are inferior to them in terms of accuracy of hitting the target, but are superior in such properties as independence from weather conditions of use and noise immunity.

NARs of small caliber, as well as shells of aviation artillery weapons, make it possible to form, when attacking ground targets, zones of dispersion of points of impact, having such a shape and size that the maximum efficiency of hitting the target is achieved.

Thus, the NAR system should be considered as an integral part of constituent part(type) of weapons of modern combat aviation systems, significantly expanding the combat properties and tactical capabilities of the latter.

Mi-28N helicopter during a training flight on August 6, 2012 at the Mozdok airfield ( North Ossetia). During landing, the helicopter crew was not injured, there was no damage on the ground. The helicopter received minor damage.

In 2002, factory tests were completed.

In March 2006, a state commission chaired by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force issued a preliminary conclusion on the production of an initial batch of Mi-28N helicopters.

In February 2008, the first two helicopters entered the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

On December 26, 2008, the state commission, based on the results of state tests, recommended that the Mi-28N combat helicopter be adopted by the Russian Ministry of Defense and put into serial production.

Serial production of the Mi-28N was launched at the Rostov plant (JSC Rostvertol).

During the operation of this machine Mi‑28N. June 19, 2009 during a flight at the Gorokhovets combined arms training ground ( Nizhny Novgorod Region) the helicopter made an emergency landing, during which the main rotor and tail boom were destroyed. There were no casualties. On February 15, 2011, the Mi?28 helicopter made a hard landing in the Budyonnovsky district of the Stavropol Territory, during which the crew received injuries of varying severity. The commander of the helicopter crew died on the same day in a military hospital. On August 6, 2012, the Mi-28N helicopter made a hard landing at the Mozdok airfield (North Ossetia). During landing, the helicopter received minor damage, the crew was not injured.

Crew - 2 people (if necessary, 2-3 more people can be transported in the rear compartment).

The power plant is 2 TV3-117VMA engines with a capacity of 2200 horsepower each.

Takeoff weight:

Normal - 10400 kg,
- maximum - 11500 kg.

Mass of combat load:

Maximum - 1605 kg,
- normal - 638 kg.

The weight of the empty helicopter is 7890 kg.

Flight speed:
- maximum - 282 km / h,
- cruising - 260 km / h.

Static ceiling - 3450 m.

Dynamic ceiling - 5750 m.

Flight range with normal takeoff weight - 460 km.

Ferry range - 1105 km.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources