The secret "weather" weapon, with which Russian specialists could direct the Katrina hurricane, was found in the Nizhny Novgorod region (photo). Multifunctional radio complex "Sura Installation Sura

Atmospheric weapons

Atmospheric weapons are based on the use of means of influencing the processes occurring in the gaseous shell of the Earth. It is divided into meteorological, climatic, ozone and magnetospheric.

The most studied and tested in practice are meteorological weapons, the use of which, unlike climate weapons, is much more localized and short-term. The provoking of showers, the formation of floods and flooding of territories to impede the movement of troops and heavy equipment, the dispersion of clouds in the area of ​​bombing to ensure aiming at point targets - these are typical uses of meteorological weapons. In order to disperse cloudiness, causing heavy rainfall and floods, it is enough to disperse about a hundred kilograms of silver iodide and lead iodide over an area of ​​several thousand square kilometers. For a cumulus cloud in an unstable state - a few kilograms of silver iodide.

Another area of ​​meteorological weapons is the change in the transparency of the atmosphere in a combat area. Bad weather is often used for a hidden concentration of forces or a sudden strike in another direction, unexpected for the enemy. For precision weapons the main obstacle is smoke, fog and precipitation. Underestimation of the level of cloudiness led to the fact that during the operation "Desert Storm" (Persian Gulf 1990-1991), the effectiveness of laser-guided aerial bombs instead of the expected 90% was 41-60%. Instead of the "one target - one bomb" principle, 3-4 munitions were used per target. targets are maintained in poor visibility. Thus, the spraying of fogging agents may become one of the defense measures in the future.

The civilian use of meteorological weapons technologies is wide - from anti-hail service to "dispersal" of clouds during the Olympic Games and football matches.

Climate weapons are designed to disrupt weather processes on the territory of the enemy country. The result of its application may be a change temperature regime, occurrence hurricane winds, changes in precipitation and much, much more - over the past fifty years, various mechanisms of environmental impact have been developed, and the effect of their application is complex.

The purpose of the use of climate weapons will be to reduce the agricultural production of the enemy, worsen the food supply to the population, disrupt economic programs and, as a result, political and economic changes can be achieved without unleashing traditional war. The climatic weapon will become the leader in the implementation of large-scale wars for fertile territories, which the futurists predict. In this case, the existence of the "golden billion" will be achieved due to massive losses in the population of large regions.

The development of various means of influencing the climate was most intensive during the Cold War, and the strategy of using climate weapons against the USSR was seriously considered by the United States in the 70s. The CIA report "The Potential Consequences of Trends in World Population, Food Production and Climate" of 1975 is indicative. The report said that man-made climate change in the USSR, China and a number of underdeveloped countries "will give the United States a degree of power that it has never enjoyed before." One of the peculiarities of climate weapons is that, all other things being equal, of the two countries that used them, the country with a lower climate and soil potential loses, which is probably why climate weapons were never used either against the USSR or against the USA.

Indochina became the first test site for climate weapons. Then, during the operation "Spinach" during the Vietnam War, the US tested a wide range of weapons that affect the environment. It is characteristic that this operation was multi-stage, clearly planned, carried out in conditions of the strictest secrecy, which was not completely removed until today. The first stage was characterized by the massive use of means of destruction of vegetation and damaging means impacts on animals and public health. At the second stage, they changed weather- The US Air Force and the CIA only according to official data in the period 1963-1972 in Indochina conducted 2658 operations to initiate precipitation. At the third stage, the lithosphere and hydrosphere were changed, large fires were initiated.

Climate weapon technologies are diverse, but the main ones are the creation of chemoacoustic waves, changes in the ionic composition of the atmosphere, introduction into the atmosphere and hydrosphere of specific chemical substances.

For example, a reduction in the amount of precipitation is achieved by applying substances to water surfaces that inhibit evaporation and the formation of cumulus clouds. In this regard, very sensitive European part Russia and Ukraine, since a quarter of the heat coming here falls on a relatively small area in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The impact on the formation of cloud masses in the area or their dehydration can lead to a prolonged drought.

Spraying into the upper atmosphere of substances that will absorb sunlight(and thereby cause a decrease in the temperature of the Earth's surface) or absorb the heat radiated by the Earth (and cause the surface to heat up) will allow global change temperature. downgrade average annual temperature just 1 degree in the mid-latitudes will be catastrophic, since the bulk of the grain is produced here. A decrease by 4-5 degrees will lead to gradual glaciation of the entire surface of the ocean, with the exception of the equatorial region, and the dryness of the atmosphere will be so significant that there can be no question of any cultivation of cereals in non-glaciated territories. However, it is possible that in the future lowering the temperature of the atmosphere through the dispersion of chemical compounds will be used as a means of counteracting the greenhouse effect, such projects are being developed, although, of course, they cannot be a panacea.

Ozone weapons are a set of tools that destroy the ozone layer over selected areas of enemy territory. Hard ultraviolet radiation from the sun with a wavelength of about 3 microns penetrates through the formed ozone holes. The first result of the impact of these weapons will be a decrease in the productivity of animals and agricultural plants. Later, disruption of processes in the ozonosphere will lead to a decrease average temperature and increased humidity, which is extremely dangerous for critical farming regions. The complete destruction of the ozone layer is fatal to all living things.

Magnetospheric (ionospheric) weapons

Magnetosphere

Existence magnetic field Earth is due to sources located in the globe and near-Earth space. Distinguish between the main (due to mechanical and electromagnetic processes in the outer layer of the Earth's core), anomalous (associated with the magnetization of rocks earth's crust) and the external magnetic field of the earth (due to electric currents existing in near-Earth space and induced in the Earth's mantle). The earth's magnetic field is approximately uniform up to a distance of about three earth radii and is 7 A/m (0.70 Oe) at the Earth's magnetic poles and 33.4 A/m (0.42 Oe) at the magnetic equator. In circumplanetary space, the earth's magnetic field forms the magnetosphere, physical properties which are determined by the interaction of the magnetic field and the flux of charged particles of cosmic origin.

The Earth's magnetosphere on the day side extends up to 8-14 Earth radii, on the night side it is elongated, forming the Earth's magnetic tail of several hundred radii. In the magnetosphere there are radiation belts (also called Van Alen belts) - the inner regions of the magnetosphere, in which the planet's own magnetic field holds charged particles that have a large kinetic energy. In radiation belts, particles under the influence of a magnetic field move along complex trajectories from northern hemisphere to the South and back. The Van Alen belts were discovered by the American satellite Explorer 1 in 1958. Initially, there were two Van Alen belts - the lower one, at an altitude of about 7 thousand km, the intensity of proton movement in which is 20 thousand particles with an energy of the order of 30 MeV per second per square centimeter, and the maximum energy for 1 MeV electrons is 100 million per second per square centimeter; the outer belt is located at an altitude of 51.5 thousand km, the average energy of its particles is about 1 MeV. The particle flux density in the belts depends on solar activity and the time of day.

The outer boundary of the magnetosphere and the upper boundary of the ionosphere, the regions of the atmosphere in which air ionization occurs under the influence of radiation, coincide. In addition, the ozone layer is part of the ionosphere. By influencing the ionosphere and magnetosphere, one can cause damage by manpower, disruption of radio communications, destruction of enemy equipment, changes in the wind rose and catastrophic weather events.

Story

In 1914, Nikola Tesla received a patent for an "Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy", which journalists dubbed "death rays". Tesla himself claimed that his invention could be used to destroy enemy aircraft. The invention of Nikolo Tesla was forgotten for exactly 80 years, until the construction of the HARP installation began in 1994.

Project "Argus" (1958) was carried out to study the effect of high-rise nuclear explosions on the transmission of radio signals and the geomagnetic field. Between August and September 1958, the US Air Force carried out three explosions atomic bombs 480 km above southern part Atlantic Ocean, in the region of the lower Van Alen belt. Later, two more hydrogen bombs were detonated 160 km above Johnston Island in the Pacific Ocean. The result of the explosions was unexpected - a new (internal) radiation belt emerged, covering almost the entire Earth. As part of the Argus project, it was planned to create a "telecommunications shield" to eliminate the impact of magnetic storms on telecommunications. This shield was supposed to be created in the ionosphere at an altitude of 3 thousand km and represent 350,000 million copper needles, each 2-4 cm long (with a total weight of 16 kg), which form a belt 10 km thick and 40 km wide, while the needles should have been placed at a distance of 100 m from each other. This plan was strongly criticized by the International Union of Astronomers and ultimately was not implemented.

Project Starfish (1962) changed the shape and intensity of the Van Alen belt. As part of this project, two explosions were carried out - one kiloton at an altitude of 60 km and one megaton - at an altitude of several hundred kilometers. The first explosion sounded on July 9, 1962, and already on July 19, NASA announced that a new high-altitude belt had formed, stretching from a height of 400 km to 1600 km, and it represents a continuation (stretching) of the lower Van Alen belt. This belt is much wider than the one created by Project Argus. A similar planetary experiment was conducted by the USSR in 1962, creating three new radiation belts between 7 and 13 thousand km above the surface. The electron flow in the lower Van Alen belt changed in 1962 and never returned to its original state.

"Solar Energy" - satellite project solar power plants was proposed to the US Congress in 1968. In geostationary orbit, at an altitude of 40 thousand km, it was proposed to place 60 satellites, which were supposed to use solar panels (the size of Manhattan Island), absorb solar radiation and transmit using microwave rays to a ground-based receiving antenna. The project was absolutely fantastic and economically impractical, but it was a development of Tesla's ideas - the same wireless power transmission, and arrays of receiving antennas, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich was estimated to be about 145 square meters. km, and on the territory of which the residence of any people and animals was excluded, resemble the antenna fields of HARP and Sura, which will be discussed below. Satellite power plants were to be put into orbit within 30 years, the cost of the project ranged from 500 to 800 thousand million dollars (in 1968 dollars), and were supposed to provide 10% of US energy needs. The cost of the project was 2 to 3 times the entire DOE budget, and the projected cost of electricity was close to that of most conventional energy sources.

The military role of satellite "power plants" began to be discussed only from 1978 (despite the fact that no one disputed the authorship of the Pentagon for this project). Satellite power stations were to be equipped laser weapons and electronic beam weapons designed to destroy enemy missiles. Directed not at the antenna, but at the target, the microwave beam was supposed to ignite combustible materials. Controlled microwave beams could ensure the conduct of hostilities in any area, regardless of the power supply. Satellite platforms were planned to be used to maintain communication with submarines and to create radio interference to the enemy.

In general, the military application of the Solar Energy project was seen by many as universal weapon, among others - President Carter approved the project and gave it a go, despite numerous critical reviews. The project of satellite power plants was rejected by the US Congress - because of the exorbitant cost.

New stage experiments with the ionosphere in 1975 - 1981, began due to an unfortunate accident - due to malfunctions at an altitude of about 300 km in 1975, the Saturn-5 rocket burned out. The rocket explosion created an "ionospheric hole": over an area with a radius of a thousand kilometers, the number of electrons decreased by more than 60%, all telecommunications were interrupted over the territory of the Atlantic Ocean, and an atmospheric glow at a wavelength of 6300A was observed. The resulting phenomenon was caused by a reaction between the gases formed during the explosion and ionospheric oxygen ions.

In 1981, the Space Shuttle, flying over a network of five surface observatories, injected gases from its orbital maneuvering system into the atmosphere. Thus, ionospheric holes were initiated over Millston (Connecticut), Arecibo (Puerto Rico), Robertal (Quebec), Quilein (Marshall Islands) and Hobart (Tasmania).

Enhanced use of shuttle orbital maneuvering (OSM) gases to disrupt local plasma concentrations began in 1985. Thus, the 47-second combustion of COM on July 29, 1985 created the largest and longest-lived ionospheric hole, and the 6-second drop of about 830 kg of exhaust gases into the ionosphere at sunrise at an altitude of 68 km over Connecticut in August 1985 created the northern lights , covering more than 400 thousand square meters. km.

From 1968 to the present day, 50 km from the city of Fairbanks, pcs. Alaska, the Poker Flat Research Center is under contract with NASA. In 1994 alone, 250 rocket launches filled with various chemicals were carried out here in order to "understand the chemical reactions in the atmosphere associated with global climate change". In 1980, Brian Vilans, during the "Project Waterloo", destroyed the northern lights, causing it to temporarily stop. In February 1983, two Black Brant-X missiles and two Nike Orion missiles were launched over Canada, which are at high altitudes released barium and created artificial clouds that have been observed as far as Los Alamos in New Mexico.

A series of rockets were launched from Poker Flat "to study space weather" (in other words, the impact on the ionosphere), and to create luminous clouds. These clouds were visible on July 2-20, 1997. over a wide area. Trimethylaluminum was delivered to a height of 69 to 151 km and later dissipated in the upper atmosphere.

Chemoacoustic waves

In the upper atmosphere of the Earth, there are waves of large amplitude - of the order of tens and hundreds of kilometers, their interference forms a complex quasi-periodic structure, the spatial period of which can be much less. Presumably, they arise due to photodissociation reactions, which "rock" the acoustic-gravity waves in the atmosphere. Thus, as a result of the reversible cycle of formation of atomic oxygen, the atmosphere receives an energy of the order of the energy of an ultraviolet quantum. This cycle ensures the heating of the atmosphere at altitudes of about 100 km.

In the 1960s, non-equilibrium processes in plasma seemed to be able to provide the key to the implementation of controlled thermonuclear fusion; it turned out that sound, passing through a non-equilibrium medium, releases the energy contained in it. It soon became clear that it was almost impossible to conduct an experiment in laboratory conditions - it was necessary to high degree deviations from the medium from equilibrium, in which the transition of a chemical reaction to an explosive mode is unacceptable. Some layers are perfect for the conditions earth's atmosphere.

Chemoacoustic waves occur when sound is gaseous environment reaches the maximum (nonlinear) amplification, and the nonequilibrium character of the medium is ensured directly chemical reactions. The energy stored in natural chemoacoustic waves is enormous, at the same time it is quite easy to release it - with the help of chemical catalysts sprayed at a certain height. Another method is the excitation of internal gravitational waves in the ionosphere by ground-based heating stands. It is logical, of course, to be armed with both methods of influencing ionospheric instabilities - both radio heating stands and modules with chemical reagents launched with the help of rockets and stratospheric balloons.

Thus, the generated waves are transmitted to the underlying layers of the atmosphere, causing natural disasters - from hurricane winds to sharp local increases in air temperature.

Ground heating stands

A logical continuation of the US military research programs was the creation of the HARP program (High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)) - the Program for the study of high-frequency activity in the auroral region. In addition to HARP, there are six more similar ground stands in the world: in Tromso (Norway), in Jicamarca (Peru), "Sura" in Nizhny Novgorod and an installation in the city of Apatitu (Murmansk region) - in Russia; a radio antenna near Kharkov, and a radio antenna in Dushanbe (Tajikistan). Of these, only two, like HARP, are transmitting - the stand in Tromso and "Sura", the rest are passive, and are intended mainly for radio astronomy research. The qualitative difference between HARP is its incredible power, which today is 1 GW (planned - 3.6 GW) and proximity to the north magnetic pole.

HARP

In 1974, a number of experiments were carried out in electromagnetic transmission in Plattsville (Colorado), Arecibo (Puerto Rico) and Armidale (Australia, New South Wales). And already in the 80s, an employee of Atlantic Richfield, Bernard J. Eastlund, received a patent "Method and device for changing the layers of the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere and / or magnetosphere." It is on this patent that the HARP program, created jointly by the Air Force and the US Navy in 1993, is based. The antenna field and scientific base of the program are located near the city of Gakon in Alaska, and they entered into operation in 1998, however, the construction of the antenna array has not yet been completed.

The program is designed to "understand, simulate and control ionospheric processes that can affect communication and observation systems." The HARP system includes a beam of high-frequency radio energy of 3.6 GW (this power will be achieved upon completion of construction) directed into the ionosphere for:

Generation of extremely low-frequency waves for communication with underwater submarines
-- Carrying out geophysical tests in order to identify and characterize natural ionospheric processes, further development of technology for monitoring and controlling them
-- Creation of ionospheric lenses for focusing high-frequency energy, in order to study the trigger effects of ionospheric processes, which can potentially be used by the Department of Defense
-- Electronic amplification of infrared and other optical emissions that can be used to control radio waves for propaganda purposes.
-- Generation of a geomagnetic field of extended ionization and control of reflective / absorbed radio waves
-- Using oblique heat rays to influence radio wave propagation, which borders on potential military applications of ionospheric technologies.

All these are officially declared goals. However, the idea of ​​the HARP project arose back in the days of Star Wars, when it was planned to create a "lattice" of highly heated plasma (which the ionosphere consists of) to destroy the missiles of the Soviet Union. And accommodation in Alaska is beneficial, because through North Pole is the shortest route to the USA. The creation of HARP coincided with Washington's statements about the need to "modernize" the 1972 ABM Treaty. The "modernization" ended with the US unilateral withdrawal from the Treaty on December 13, 2001 and an increase in HARP program allocations.

Another, not officially mentioned, scope of HARP is the amplification of acoustic-gravity waves (it is no coincidence that the Poker Flat center is located nearby, from which a rocket with a catalyst "braking" the ionospheric wave can be launched, and starting the process of "release" of energy).

The HARP antenna field is located at the coordinates 62.39o N.L. and, 145.15o W. and is a phased transmitter antenna designed to transmit radio signals at frequencies from 2.8 to 10 MHz. In the future, the antenna will cover 33 acres (approximately 134,000 square meters) and will comprise 180 individual antennas (placed in a 12 by 15 antenna rectangle). Each design consists of two pairs of intersecting dipole antennas, one for the "lower" frequency range (from 2.8 to 8.3 MHz), the other for the "upper" (from 7 to 10 MHz).

Each antenna is equipped with a thermocouple, and the entire array is fenced "to prevent possible damage by large animals." In total, 30 complex transmitters (transmitters) are supposed to be installed on the antenna field, each of which will contain 6 pairs of 10 kW smaller transmitters, and the total power of which will be 3.6 GW. The whole complex is supplied with electric energy by six generators of 2500 kW each. As the creators officially stated, the radio beam reaching the ionosphere will have a power of only 3 μW per square meter. cm.

Another heating stand - "EISCAT" in Tromso (Norway) is also located in the subpolar region, but less powerful than HARP and was created earlier.

"Sura"

The heating stand "Sura" was built in the late 70s and was put into operation in 1981. Initially, the Sura facility was funded by the Ministry of Defense, today funding is provided under the Federal Target Program "Integration" (project No. 199/2001). The Research Radiophysical Institute (NIRFI) has developed a project to create a Center for Collective Use of SURA (CCU SURA) for joint research of RAS institutes.

Scientific directions research are as follows:

Studies of turbulence at mesopause heights (75-90 km) and the relationship of this phenomenon with atmospheric processes.

Investigation of atmospheric parameters at altitudes of 55-120 km, as well as parameters and dynamics of the ionosphere at altitudes of 60-300 km by the method of resonant scattering on artificial periodic inhomogeneities.

Studies of dynamic processes in the upper atmosphere, including convective motions of the neutral gas component and the effect of wave disturbances on atmospheric processes using an artificially induced controlled source of acoustic-gravity waves.

Investigation of the patterns of generation of artificial turbulence and artificial electromagnetic radiation of ionospheric plasma in various ranges (HF, microwave, optical glow) when exposed to powerful radio waves; modeling of natural processes of excitation of turbulence and generation of electromagnetic radiation of the ionosphere during the intrusion of flows of energy particles into the Earth's atmosphere.

Observation of radio emission of long-range transionospheric propagation of radio waves in the decameter-decimeter range, development of methods and equipment for predicting and controlling the propagation of radio waves.

Radio complex "Sura" is located in Vasilsursk, Nizhny Novgorod region (57 N 46 E). It is based on three short-wave radio transmitters PKV-250 with a frequency range of 4-25 MHz and a power of 250 kW each (total - 0.8 MW) and a three-section receiving and transmitting antenna PPADD with a size of 300x300 square meters. m, with a frequency band of 4.3-9.5 MHz and a gain of 26dB at the middle frequency.

The main difference between the HARP and Sura installations is in power and location: HARP is located in the area of ​​the northern lights, Sura is in middle lane, the power of HARP today is much greater than the power of "Sura", however, today both installations are operated and their goals are identical: the study of radio wave propagation, the generation of acoustic-gravity waves, the creation of ionospheric lenses.

The United States press accuses the Russians of using Sura to call and change the path of hurricanes, while Russian and Ukrainian officials send warning letters outright calling HARP a geophysical weapon. Discussion of the danger posed by HARP to Russian Federation, did not take place in the Duma, although it was planned.

There are several international treaties, limiting the climatic and meteorological experiments of the participating countries, among them the most fully reflects the problem of the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Other Hostile Influence on Nature (entered into force on October 5, 1978, the validity period is not limited). At the request of any party to the Convention (four States in total), an advisory committee of experts may be convened to consider a questionable natural phenomenon or technical design.

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HAARP

HAARP (_en. High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program - high-frequency active auroral research program) - American research project for the study of auroras; according to other sources - geophysical or ionospheric weapons. The history of creation is associated with the name of Nikola Tesla. The project was launched in the spring of 1997, in Gakone, Alaska (lat. 62°.23" N, long 145°.8" W)

In August 2002, the State Duma of Russia discussed the possible consequences of launching this project.

Structure

Haarp includes antennas, an incoherent radiation radar with a twenty-meter diameter antenna, laser radars, magnetometers, computers for signal processing and antenna field control. The entire complex is powered by a powerful gas power plant and six diesel generators. The Philips Laboratory, located at the US Air Force Base in Cartland, New Mexico, is engaged in the deployment of the complex and research on it. The laboratories of astrophysics, geophysics and means of destruction of the Center for Space Technologies are subordinate to it. air force USA.

Officially, the ionospheric research complex (HAARP) was built to study the nature of the ionosphere and develop air defense and missile defense systems. It is supposed to use HAARP (HAARP) for the detection of submarines and underground tomography of the bowels of the planet.

HAARP as a weapon source?

Some scientists and public figures and organizations express concern that HAARP can be used for destructive activities. For example, they claim that:
* HAARP can be used in such a way that sea and air navigation is completely disrupted in the selected area, radio communications and radar are blocked, on-board electronic equipment of spacecraft, missiles, aircraft and ground systems is disabled. In an arbitrarily delineated area, the use of all types of weapons and equipment may be stopped. Integrated systems of geophysical weapons can cause large-scale accidents in any electrical networks, on oil and gas pipelines US Geophysical Weapon - HAARP] .] .

* HAARP radiation energy can be used to manipulate the weather on a global scale ["Grazyna Fosar" and "Franz Bludorf" [http://www.fosar-bludorf.com/archiv/schum_eng.htm Transition to the age of frequencies] : in one of the patents that was used to develop the HAARP antennas is clear about the possibility of manipulating the weather.] , to damage the ecosystem or completely destroy it.
* HAARP can be used as a psychotronic weapon.
** Use directional death ray technology that can destroy any targets at vast distances.
** Aim with great precision an invisible beam at individuals, causing cancer and others deadly diseases, - and so that the victim will not even be aware of the detrimental effect.
** Sleep whole settlements or to drive the inhabitants into such a state of emotional arousal that they resort to violence against each other.
** To beam a radio broadcast directly into people's brains, so that they think they hear the voice of God, or whoever the presenter of this radio broadcast claims to be.

Defenders of the HAARP project put forward the following counterarguments:
* The amount of energy emitted by the complex is negligible compared to the energy received by the ionosphere from solar radiation and lightning discharges
* Disturbances in the ionosphere, introduced by the radiation of the complex, disappear rather quickly; Experiments carried out at the Arecibo observatory have shown that the return of a section of the ionosphere to its original state occurs in the same time during which it was heated.
* There are no serious scientific justifications for such possibilities of using HAARP as the destruction of all types of weapons, electricity networks, pipelines, global weather manipulation, mass psychotropic effects, etc.

Similar scientific projects

The HAARP system is not unique. There are 2 stations in the USA - one in Puerto Rico (near the Arecibo observatory), the second, known as HIPAS, in Alaska near the city of Fairbanks. Both of these stations have active and passive instruments similar to HAARP.

Europe also has 2 world-class ionospheric research complexes, both located in Norway: the more powerful EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Radar site) is located near the city of Tromsø, the less powerful SPEAR (Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar) is on the Svalbard archipelago. The same complexes are located:
# in Jicamarca (Peru);
# in Vasilsursk (“SURA”), in the city of Apatity (Russia);
# near Kharkov (Ukraine);
# in Dushanbe (Tajikistan).

The primary purpose of all these systems is to study the ionosphere, and most of them have the ability to stimulate small, localized regions of the ionosphere. HAARP also has such capabilities. But HAARP differs from these complexes in an unusual combination of research tools, which allows radiation control, wide frequency coverage nobr|etc.

Radiation power

# HAARP (Alaska) - up to 3600 kW
# EISCAT (Norway, Tromsø) - 1200 kW
# SPEAR (Norway, Longyearbyen) - 288 kW

Unlike broadcast stations, many of which have 1000kW transmitters but weakly directional antennas, HAARP type systems use highly directional phased array transmitting antennas capable of focusing all of the radiated energy into a small area of ​​space.

Sources

* Drunvalo Melchizedek. The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life. Volume 1. ISBN 966-8075-45-5
*Berich, Nick and Jeane Manning. Angels Don't Play This HAARP: Advances in Tesla Technology. ISBN 0-9648812-0-9

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TV company NTV.

Nikola Tesla, Haarp, atmospheric weapons.

Experiments with the ionosphere.
Irreversible processes have begun.

Last summer, when the smog over Moscow had not yet had time to dissipate, and Forest fires they didn’t even think of fading, various “specialists” and “experts” had already appeared, who, as they claimed, knew the cause of the heat. And this reason is the villainous intentions of the Americans who have settled in Alaska and influence the weather with the help of the HAARP complex. Balancing on the edge of conspiracy theories, these same experts argued that the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) actually has nothing to do with the northern lights and the like. does not, and its real purpose is climate control for military purposes.

You can understand these citizens - HAARP is classified in full: not every scientist involved in the ionosphere has access to information from the complex. In addition, the radiation power of HAARP antennas, according to some estimates, exceeds the figure of 3.5 MW, frankly, this is a lot. So the version about the military purpose of the complex had the right to appear.

Interestingly, 2010 was not the first year American researchers were blamed for weather problems. In the early 2000s, a group of Russian State Duma deputies blamed HAARP for the floods in Europe. Moreover, the matter was not limited to statements only - after negotiations, consultations, etc. The deputies sent an appeal to President V. Putin with a request to initiate an investigation into HAARP at the UN level. However, the paper did not go further than the presidential administration, which only added fuel to the conspiracy fire. At the same time, the Deputy Commander of the Space Forces, General V. Popovkin, sent a letter to the State Duma, which spoke of the possibility of catastrophic consequences on a planetary scale in the event of careless and improper handling of the upper atmosphere.

In 2008, Yu. Bobylov's book " genetic bomb. Secret Scenarios of Science-Intensive Bioterrorism. In it, the author claims that the December 26, 2006 earthquake did not happen by itself, for objective seismological reasons, but because of the impact of the same HAARP system. In addition to the impact on the climate, Bobylev accused the complex from Alaska of the ability to jam radio communications, disrupt the operation of electronic equipment, and cause breakdowns in communications. There are also claims in the book regarding the possibility of HAARP operating as a psychotronic. Already scary, right? But this is not all the “sins” of HAARP. According to Venezuelan President W. Chavez, the earthquakes in Sichuan in 2008 and in Haiti in 2010 also occurred not by the will of nature.

If you succumb to panic and believe the above citizens, then you can fall into hysterics on the topic “we will all be washed away by downpours and shaken by earthquakes, and we will not be able to answer with anything!”. However, if you look at the foreign press, you can conclude that Russia has something to respond to the HAARP threats.

Perhaps the most famous debunker of Russian climate weapons is the American meteorologist S. Stevens. It all started with his statements regarding the nature of Hurricane Katrina. According to Stevens, New Orleans was flooded during the tests of some Russian military climatic complex. And as proof of his words, he cited some short-wave interference, which, as he claims, is evidence of the existence of this very complex. Without letting the masses come to their senses, Stevens gave out another terrible and secret information: the Russians learned how to make storms back in 1976, and in last years the existence of the Soviet Union, the technology was sold to at least a dozen various countries and organizations. It would seem that the typical words of a fighter against the "red threat", but the fact that the Post Gazette cited the words of a meteorologist that Russia was to blame for Katrina makes Stevens's statements especially piquant. At the same time, Fox News, again in an interview with Stevens, writes that a certain Japanese mafia is to blame, which is avenging Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Scary? Terribly interesting.

Even more interesting is that Stevens is not the first. Back in the second half of the 80s, the topic of the unnatural origin of the drought in California in 85-91 began to be exaggerated in the States. The yellow and not very press kept saying that a certain installation called the “Russian Woodpecker” created disturbances in the atmosphere and did not allow moist air to reach the east coast of the United States. A certain complex was called a woodpecker because of the characteristic signal, which resembled the sound of a bird. Of course, the signal is unusual, and could mean anything. But for some unknown reason, even in the 80s, when complications in relations between the superpowers were not even expected, there were people who tried to raise the banner of the notorious John McCarthy. So, for example, a character from the US Department of Defense wrote: “The Russian woodpecker is the most powerful source of electromagnetic radiation! 40 megawatts, 10 pulses per second! Moreover, it affects our psyche! The signal comes from the USSR and pervades all of America. It is caught by power wires, and through them the signal penetrates into our homes! One feels like asking, “The Russians are coming, I see them!” didn't he scream?

The American Federal Communications Commission in 1988 also became interested in the Woodpecker and began an investigation. Of course, not a single country that has a transmitter of enormous power will spread about it, or even completely classify it. Soviet Union was no exception, and the Communications Commission was forced to turn to the CIA for help. The guys from Langley shared materials: "Woodpecker" was not a red threat, but a red defense. According to the native Soviet classification, "Dyatel" was called 5N32 "Duga" and was located near Chernobyl (Chernobyl-2 object). "Duga" was an over-the-horizon radar for early tracking of launches intercontinental missiles. With power, that character from the Pentagon was mistaken - "Duga" consumed "only" 10 MW, respectively, the radiation power was even less. But the dimensions of the radar antennas compensated for the "lack" of power. So, the low-frequency phased antenna array "Duga" has dimensions of about 150x400 meters, the high-frequency one and a half times smaller. However, after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the Dugu was mothballed, and then the main components were removed altogether and sent to a similar facility in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

ZGRLS "Duga"

The “Russian woodpecker” remained only in the form of metal structures, but legends about its psychotronic power still circulate in the back streets of the States. On the territory of the former Soviet Union, such stories became more or less widespread only after the release of computer game S.T.A.L.K.E.R., in which there are remotely similar to the "Arc" designs of the radar, which has the nickname "Brain Scorcher".

Let's get back to HAARP. This complex includes 180 antennas (rectangle 12x15) located on an area of ​​about 13 hectares, several lidars, magnetometers and a computer complex. All this equipment receives electricity from one gas-fired power plant and six diesel generators. HAARP emitters can operate at frequencies of 2.7-10 MHz, but due to the fact that some civilian frequencies fall into this range, scientists are forced to use only small frequency bands in their studies. The main method of conducting research: "pumping" a certain layer of the atmosphere with the help of electromagnetic radiation and subsequent observation of the result.

Interestingly, HAARP was not originally created as a research complex. During cold war the superpowers were faced with the problem of ensuring reliable communications with submarines. Physicists at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory have proposed keeping the connection at ultra-low frequencies, less prone to attenuation than others. Later, the idea came up to use the so-called to amplify radio waves. electrojets - charged streams in the ionosphere. HAARP, according to the original idea, was supposed to create these streams and communicate with the boats. However, the complex began to be built only in the early 90s, when the geopolitical situation changed dramatically. As a result, the military-connected purpose of the system was shelved, and the complex was given to scientists for "free use", although under the supervision of the military.

Perhaps it is these facts from the biography of HAARP that provoke various conspiracy theories around the system. At least, regarding the European complexes EISCAT and SPEAR (both located in Norway), which were originally created as purely scientific, there are no conspiracy rumors. But the Sura complex, located in the Nizhny Novgorod region, sometimes falls into various conspiracy theories, of course, in the West. It is possible that "Sura" was what Stevens had in mind. But who knows what exactly he wanted to say.

Complex "Sura"

The Sura complex is slightly smaller than HAARP: a field of 300 by 300 meters with 144 dipole antennas and three 250 kW transmitters. The system can emit waves in the range of 4.5-9.3 MHz. "Sura" can warm up the atmosphere to altitudes of about 300 kilometers. The workers of the complex call it "to pamper the ionosphere". Administratively, Sura belongs to the Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Physics, although earlier, even before the collapse of the USSR, the military also participated in the project. The latter wanted to get a superweapon capable of incapacitating enemy equipment on the other side of the planet. On this occasion, research was carried out regarding the possibility of creating a "mirror" in the ionosphere, which was supposed to reflect electromagnetic pulse and send it to the heads of the enemy. Another fantastic project is the creation of a "lens" over the enemy, which collects, amplifies cosmic radiation and focuses it on the enemy. The third method of military use of complexes like Sura was to transfer energy to any point on the planet through some kind of electromagnetic energy bundle. But studies of the atmosphere showed one of its peculiarities: even to create a light breeze, it is necessary to “cram” into the atmosphere such an amount of energy that is enough to supply a rather large city for several days. And that's not counting the energy costs for "mirrors", "lenses" and other atmospheric wonders.

In addition, both Sura and HAARP have directional antennas: because of this, even with an increase in radiation power by orders of magnitude, it will be possible to disrupt communication only at a relatively short distance from the antennas. In addition, much more effective, cheap and economical electronic warfare systems have long existed.

So on this moment both systems are only capable of causing the northern lights, moreover, they quickly disappear after the emitters stop working. It's beautiful, of course, but practical application, and even more so military, auroras do not and are not expected. Yes, and the Convention "On the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Means of Influencing natural environment» 1978 has not yet been canceled.

And yet the question remains: why have natural “troubles” become more frequent in the last few years? Occam's razor leaves only a version about the interaction of the magnetic fields of the Earth and the Sun, as well as the increase in the activity of the latter.

HAARP. Climatic (uncut version)

In the United States, under the guise of a global missile defense project, carried out under the program for a comprehensive study of radio-frequency effects on the ionosphere "HAARP", the development of plasma weapons began. In accordance with it, a powerful radar complex was built in Alaska, at the Gakona test site - a huge antenna field with an area of ​​13 hectares. Antennas directed to the zenith will make it possible to focus pulses of short-wave radiation on certain parts of the ionosphere and heat them up to the formation of a temperature plasma. The power of its radiation is many times higher than the radiation of the sun.
In fact, HAARP is a colossal microwave oven, whose radiation can be focused at any point. the globe, thereby causing various natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, heat, etc.), as well as various man-made disasters (break radio communications over large areas, degrade the accuracy satellite navigation, “dazzle radars”, create accidents in power grids, on gas and oil pipelines of entire regions, etc.), influence the consciousness and psyche of people.
The film tells about the types of climate weapons and their use, about their developments in the USSR and the USA, about the HAARP complex, about natural disasters, about the impact on human consciousness, about the causes of abnormal heat and fires in the summer of 2010 in Russia.

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In the north of the United States, 400 km from Anchorage, at the Gakhon military base, there is an unusual object. A huge area of ​​the territory is sown with a forest of 25-meter antennas. This is the "HAARP" ("High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program"). The base is surrounded by barbed wire, the perimeter is guarded by armed patrols marines, a air space above the research stand is buried for all types of civil and military aircraft. After the events of September 11, 2001, anti-aircraft defense systems were also installed around the HAARP.

This installation was built by the joint forces of the Navy and the US Air Force to study the possibilities combat use disturbances in the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth. Scientific journals claim that with the help of "HAARP" you can call artificial northern lights, jam over-the-horizon radar stations for early detection of ballistic missile launches, communicate with submarines in the ocean, and even detect underground secret enemy complexes. The HAARP radio emission is capable of penetrating underground and diagnosing hidden bunkers and tunnels, burning out electronics, and disabling space satellites. In addition, specialists working for HAARP are trying to create technologies for affecting the atmosphere, which will allow changing the weather up to the initiation of natural disasters: heavy rains, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes.

Object "Sura"

The Soviet Union had its own HAARP program. Its implementation led to the emergence of the Sura facility, which is located in the central zone of Russia, in remote places - 150 kilometers from Nizhny Novgorod. Belongs to "Sura" Research Institute of Radiophysics, one of the leading scientific research institutes of the USSR.

Today, the object that studies the possibilities of affecting the weather is a somewhat rusted and battered, but still functioning stand. On an area of ​​9 hectares there are even rows of 20-meter antennas, overgrown with shrubs from below. In the center of the antenna field is a huge horn-emitter - with its help, scientists study acoustic processes in the atmosphere. At the edge of the field there is a building of radio transmitters and a transformer substation, a little further away there are laboratory and utility buildings.

Sura was commissioned in 1981. On this completely unique installation extremely interesting results of the behavior of the ionosphere were obtained, including the discovery of the effect of generating low-frequency radiation during the modulation of ionospheric currents, which was later named the "Getmantsev effect" after the founder of the stand. At first, work on the Sura was financed to a large extent by the military department, but after the collapse of the USSR, such work was no longer funded.

They still don't know how to send hurricanes to America. But studies of the relationship between natural disasters and disturbances in the ionosphere and magnetosphere are still being conducted.

“On a business trip abroad, I came across a wonderful book about the HAARP project, which describes 11 ways of its military application,” said Yury Tokarev, head of the solar-terrestrial relations department of the NIRFI, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. - The Americans are striving with all their might to achieve the declared results, they are working out new technologies for influencing the near-Earth environment at HAARP, and they have actually obtained some interesting results. Heating of the ionosphere can create artificial plasma formations (plasma clouds), significantly affect the operation of various radio systems, and cause artificial glow of the night sky.”

In the early eighties, when Sura was just beginning to be actively used, interesting things were observed in the sky above it. anomalous phenomena. Many workers saw strange glows, flaming red balls - hanging motionless or rushing through the sky at high speed. However, these were not UFOs, but only manifestations of the luminescent glow of plasma formations.

“It is possible to influence the weather, but not as large as in the case of hurricanes Katrina or Rita. Neither we nor they - so far no one knows how to do this, - continues Yuri Tokarev. - The capacity of the installations is not enough. Even the capacity that they want to bring HAARP to in the near future will not be enough to effectively arrange natural disasters.”

Now "Sura" works for about 100 hours a year - the institute does not have enough money for electricity for heating experiments. Only one day of intensive work of the stand can deprive the polygon of the monthly budget. The Americans conduct experiments on "HAARP" for 2000 hours a year, that is, 20 times more. The most rough estimate is $300 million a year. Russian science spends only 40 thousand dollars for similar purposes, that is, almost 7,500 times less! Meanwhile, in a few years, HAARP should reach its design capacity of 3.5 gigawatts, which is already an order of magnitude higher than the capacity of Sura.

“If it goes on like this, we risk losing the main thing, namely the understanding of what is happening there,” says Savely Grach, one of the NIRFI scientists, professor at the University of Nizhny Novgorod. - Both Sura and HAARP are not weapons, but only research laboratories. But the processes worked out on them, in the future, it is quite possible that they will be used for military purposes. One should not hope that the Americans will give up the temptation to build something special for themselves ... But then it will be too late to catch up. Now, despite the general lack of money in the 90s, we are still superior to the Americans in understanding the processes taking place in the ionosphere. But the material and technical base is being destroyed, people are leaving abroad, and the gap is incredibly narrowing ... "

Last week, HAARP was up and running at full capacity.

ALL PHOTOS

At first, work on the Sura was financed to a large extent by the military department, but after the collapse of the Union, such work is no longer carried out. Now we work not only in the interests of domestic science, but also participate in international projects research
SURA. Multifunctional radio complex

According to the scientist, in our country, since Soviet times, there have been secret installations that can have a detrimental effect on the weather anywhere in the world. This news was instantly replicated by the American press.
AP Photo

Rumors about the development of meteorological weapons, both in the United States and in our homeland, have been circulating for a long time, but they seem too unbelievable. Meanwhile, such experiments were indeed conducted and are still being conducted on both sides of the ocean.

"Now there are only three such objects in the world, - said the director of the NIRFI Sergey Snegirev. - One in Alaska - the famous one, the second in Norway - in Tromsø, and the third one under the name is located in Russia."

American meteorologist Scott Stevens recently made high-profile accusations towards Russia. He claims that Hurricane Katrina was created artificially by Russian military experts using a secret "weather" weapon based on the principle of an electromagnetic generator. According to the scientist, in our country, since Soviet times, there have been secret installations that can have a detrimental effect on the weather anywhere in the world. This news was instantly replicated by the American press.

"It is established that in the 60s and 70s the former Soviet Union developed and was proud of weather modification technologies that began to be used against the United States since 1976," Stevens claims on his personal website, from where this version was gleaned by the American media. Novye Izvestiya decided to check the claims of the Idaho meteorologist and went in search of a "top-secret Russian weather control machine" and found it.

The mysterious base "Sura" turned out to be a nondescript building. An old stone road, a former Siberian tract, leads to the landfill. It rests on a shabby brick gatehouse with a funny sign at the entrance: "Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin drove here in 1833." The poet was then heading east to collect material on the Pugachev uprising. Now the abandoned tract leads to the neighboring villages of the Republic of Mari El, which begin immediately outside the landfill fence.

Russian "weather" object "Sura" comparable in power to the American HAARP and is located in the central zone of Russia, in remote places, 150 kilometers from Nizhny Novgorod. "Sura" belongs to the Scientific Research Institute of Radiophysics, one of the leading scientific research institutes of the USSR.

"Sura" is a somewhat rusty, shabby lack of money, but in spite of everything still functioning stand. On an area of ​​9 hectares there are even rows of twenty-meter antennas, overgrown with shrubs from below. In the center of the antenna field there is a huge horn-emitter the size of a village hut, with the help of which acoustic processes in the atmosphere are studied. At the edge of the field there is a building of radio transmitters and a transformer substation, a little further away there are laboratory and utility buildings.

"Sura" was built in the late seventies and was put into operation in 1981. Extremely interesting results of the behavior of the ionosphere were obtained on this completely unique installation, including the discovery of the effect of generating low-frequency radiation during the modulation of ionospheric currents, later called the Getmantsev effect after the founder of the stand. At first, work on the Sura was financed to a large extent by the military department, but after the collapse of the Union, such work is no longer carried out. Now we work not only in the interests of domestic science, but also participate in international projects for the study of the ionosphere.

The fundamental difference between Sura and HAARP is that the Russian installation is located in the middle latitudes, and not in the polar ones, where the northern lights occur. But in the North, the lines of tension of the Earth's magnetosphere converge. By influencing them, it is possible to influence the state of the magnetosphere, at least cause artificial aurora borealis, at the maximum disable the electronics of satellites and other equipment, and also cause malfunctions in the operation of ground-based technical systems.

However, they still do not know how to send hurricanes to America on the Sura. But studies of the relationship between natural disasters and disturbances in the ionosphere and magnetosphere are not as widespread as in the United States, nevertheless, they are being conducted. “On a business trip abroad, I came across a wonderful book about the HAARP project, which describes 11 ways of its military application,” said Yury Tokarev, head of the solar-terrestrial relations department of the NIRFI, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences. “The Americans are striving with all their might to achieve the declared results, they are working on new technologies for influencing the near-Earth environment at HAARP, and they have actually obtained some interesting results. Heating of the ionosphere can create artificial plasma formations (plasma clouds), significantly affect the operation of various radio systems, and cause artificial glow of the night sky."

In the early eighties, when Sura was just beginning to be actively used, interesting anomalous phenomena were observed in the atmosphere above it. Many workers have seen strange glows, burning red balls hanging motionless or flying at high speed in the sky. This is not a UFO, but only a luminescent glow of plasma formations. At the moment, work on the study of the glow of the ionosphere under active influence is one of the important areas of research.

“It is possible to influence the weather, but not on such a large scale as in the case of hurricanes Katrina or Rita. Neither we nor they - so far no one knows how to do this, - continues Yuri Tokarev. - The power of the installations is not enough. Even that power , which they want to withdraw HAARP in the near future, will not be enough to effectively arrange natural disasters.

Now "Sura" works about 100 hours a year. The institute does not have enough money for electricity for heating experiments. Only one day of intensive work of the stand can deprive the polygon of the monthly budget. Americans conduct experiments on HAARP for 2000 hours a year, that is, 20 times more. The size of appropriations according to the most rough estimates is 300 million dollars a year. Russian science spends only $40,000 for similar purposes, almost 7,500 times less. Meanwhile, in a few years, HAARP should reach its design capacity of 3.5 gigawatts, which is already an order of magnitude higher than Sura's capacity.

“If it goes on like this, we risk losing the main thing, namely the understanding of what is happening there,” says Savely Grach, one of the NIRFI scientists, professor at Nizhny Novgorod University. “Both Sura and HAARP are not weapons, but "only research laboratories. But the processes worked out on them, in the future, it is quite possible that they will be used for military purposes. One should not hope that the Americans will give up the temptation to build something special with fantastic characteristics for a simple man in the street. But then it will already be late to catch up. Now, despite the general lack of money in the 90s, we still surpass the Americans in understanding the processes taking place in the ionosphere. But the material and technical base is being destroyed, people are leaving abroad, and the gap is incredibly narrowing."

“It’s just a miracle that Sura was saved at all,” said Georgy Komrakov, the head of the test site, Ph.D. "Here, on an area of ​​​​several football fields, keeping track of them in the dark is not so easy. Imagine the efforts it took to save the installation with two village watchmen, who themselves are not averse to stealing. For example, one of the NIRFI training grounds in the nineties was plundered to the ground. Now it does not function. "Suru" could have suffered the same fate. "

In the north of the United States, 400 kilometers from Anchorage, there is an unusual object at the Gakhon military base. A huge area of ​​the tundra is planted with a forest of 25-meter antennas. This is HAARP - High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program or "Project for active research of the auroral area" Northern Lights ". The base is surrounded by barbed wire, the perimeter is guarded by armed patrols of the marines, and the airspace above the research stand is buried for all types of civil and military aircraft. After the events of September 11, anti-aircraft defense systems were also installed around the HAARP Patriot.

The HAARP was built by the joint forces of the Navy and the US Air Force. The Americans do not hide the capabilities of the system. It is stated in open sources that the stand is used to actively influence the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth. In turn, this can lead to surprising results. Scientific journals claim that HAARP can be used to call artificial aurora borealis, jam over-the-horizon radar stations for early detection of ballistic missile launches, communicate with submarines in the ocean, and even detect underground secret enemy complexes. The radio emission of the installation is able to penetrate underground and then diagnose hidden bunkers and tunnels, burn out electronics, disable space satellites. Technologies have also been developed for influencing the atmosphere, which lead to weather changes. HAARP is allegedly used to incite natural disasters, heavy rains, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes similar to Katrina and Rita.

“Officially, HAARP is presented only as a research laboratory used to improve radio communications,” argued the former chairman of the defense committee Andrei Nikolaev. “But there is a military component in the program. The United States is already close to creating geophysical weapons. under the active influence of HAARP, provoking man-made disasters".

"HAARP is very serious," commented a specialist in active effects in the atmosphere of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring environment Valery Stasenko. - It is no coincidence that recent times world science has introduced the term "space weather". This is the relationship of solar activity, disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere with the processes that occur in the atmosphere. Disturbances in the magnetosphere and ionosphere indeed affect the climate. Therefore, by influencing them artificially with the help of powerful installations, it is possible to influence the weather, including globally. It is very correct that the deputies finally paid attention to experiments of this kind in America."

European floods of 2002 - the consequences of American testing of geophysical weapons?

American meteorologists are not the only ones who accuse the planet's neighbors of using a "hurricane gun". Fragmentary information about dubious experiments with the weather, both in the USA and in the USSR, more than once became the cause of political scandals in many countries of the world. After the famous floods of 2002, similar scandals swept through Europe. Then the parliamentarians accused the Americans of undermining the EU economy.

After the tragic procession of Hurricane Katrina across the United States, Americans vividly recalled the warning of the Vice Speaker of the Russian State Duma Vladimir Zhirinovsky to US President George W. Bush. Recall that the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party in September 2002, during a visit to Iraq, in his informal and unofficial address to the US President, where he called him a "shitty cowboy", said:

"At night, our scientists will slightly change the gravitational field of the Earth, and your country will be under water. 24 hours, b ..., - and your whole country will be under the water of the Atlantic, Pacific Ocean. Who are you joking with, f...?" Russian politicians did not stand aside. The first of the officials to start looking for climate weapons were deputies of the State Duma from the Liberal Democratic Party and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In 2002, the Defense Committee brought up for discussion the question of the detrimental effect on climate of experiments to disturb the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere. The object of the deputies' research turned out to be the American HAARP system, which is being built in Alaska.

“The catastrophic flood in Germany, France and the Czech Republic, the tornadoes off the coast of Italy, where tornadoes never happened, are nothing more than the detrimental consequences of testing geophysical weapons by the Americans,” said Tatyana Astrakhankina, deputy of the State Duma of the third convocation. “The weapon has already been created and tested in modes of low power. Soon the installation will be completed, and its capacity will increase several times."

The deputies heatedly discussed the use of HAARP, as a result of which in 2002 they prepared appeals to President Vladimir Putin, as well as to the United Nations, demanding the creation of a joint international commission to investigate the experiments being conducted in Alaska. Then the scandalous appeal was signed by 90 deputies.

It is no secret that in the Soviet Union there were serious studies on how to actively influence the weather, both with the use of chemical reagents, which later became widespread, and with the help of powerful radio emission and small plasma generators.

“More than 20 years ago, studies of the relationship between ionospheric disturbances and processes occurring in the atmosphere were carried out at the Institute of Thermal Processes,” said Valentin Isaev, scientific secretary of the Keldysh Research Center. “Our employee Yuri Utkin, a very enthusiastic and gifted specialist, was engaged in similar studies. management prepared plasma installations that were delivered to the upper atmosphere by meteorockets MP-12 and MP-20.The results of those experiments were not made public and, like many others, were classified.Unfortunately, now the center has moved away from such topics, work in this direction are not maintained, and Yuri Utkin died four years ago.

The experiments, as scientists now admit, had a military purpose and were developed to disrupt the location and radio communications of a potential enemy, that is, the United States. Plasma formations created by installations in the ionosphere jammed American systems early warning of missile launches. But the aggressive impact on the ionosphere gave side effects. With certain perturbations of the ionosphere, slight changes in the atmosphere began to be observed. Utkin believed that somewhere here lies the key to climate control. After the scientist's death, many of his works were declared lost.

In addition, both in the USSR and the USA in the 1950s and 1960s, high-yield nuclear warheads were detonated at an altitude of up to 300 kilometers in the ionosphere. Beams of radio emission instantly spread along the lines of tension of the magnetosphere, disturbed the ionosphere and paralyzed radio communications. At the same time, secondary results of the experiment were recorded. In tropical latitudes, the northern lights appeared, and a number of natural anomalies like small earthquakes and landslides on the other side of the globe.

The technologies of the former secret research institutes are being timidly promoted for civilian use. Not so long ago, a similar apparatus was tested with the assistance of Russian Academy natural sciences.

“The first tests of the ion generator brought a lot of interesting results,” said Mikhail Shahramanyan, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. “During the operation of the apparatus, the flow of oxygen ions rises, causing, depending on the selected mode, a local break in the clouds or the formation of clouds. In April 2004, near Yerevan "We achieved the formation of cumulonimbus clouds in a clear sky with the help of two GIONK-type devices. On April 15–16, 25–27 mm of precipitation fell in Yerevan, which is approximately 50% of the monthly norm. These results are confirmed by protocols signed by independent observers."

However, this apparatus has many opponents, and the inventors of the ion generator have been repeatedly accused of ordinary quackery. federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring firmly states that at the moment the most effective and trouble-free technologies are the technologies for influencing clouds with the help of chemical reagents developed in subordinate research institutes. However, work with the ion generator continues.

“The ion generator really works,” said Valery Stasenko, head of the department of active influences of Roshydromet, Valery Stasenko. “But its effect on the atmosphere is extremely insignificant. Air ionization, no doubt, occurs, but only locally, in the immediate vicinity of the device. There is no question of global control of cyclones generator power is too weak.The effect of ionization on atmospheric processes has not yet been studied in order to use these designs seriously, in national economy. To obtain a more or less discernible effect, the operation of these devices will require gigantic capacities, which are comparable only to HAARP. However, in this case, the question arises about the harm that such installations cause to humans and the environment.

Expert: in Russia there will be no such typhoons as in the USA

Director of the Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation Roman Vilfand is sure that there will be no such typhoons as in the USA in Russia.

"In Russia, tropical cyclones occur mainly in Primorye and affect regions such as Kamchatka and Sakhalin. There are no typhoons in the rest of Russia," Vilfand said.

According to him, in Russia "very dangerous phenomena occur in winter, in particular, heavy snowfalls, snow drifts, snow storms. However, as Vilfand noted, they do not pose such a danger as typhoons or storms, RIA Novosti reports.

He also noted that in Russia "people can feel safer in winter than in summer." "The fact is that in winter the accuracy of forecasts is higher than in summer," the director of the Hydrometeorological Center emphasized.

The mysterious base "Sura" turned out to be a nondescript building. An old stone road, a former Siberian tract, leads to the landfill. It rests on a shabby brick gatehouse with a funny sign at the entrance: "Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin drove here in 1833." The poet was then heading east to collect material on the Pugachev uprising. Now the abandoned tract leads to the neighboring villages of the Republic of Mari El, which begin immediately outside the landfill fence.

The Russian "weather" object "Sura" is comparable in power to the American HAARP and is located in the central zone of Russia, in remote places, 150 kilometers from Nizhny Novgorod. "Sura" belongs to the Scientific Research Institute of Radiophysics, one of the leading scientific research institutes of the USSR.
"Sura" is a somewhat rusty, shabby lack of money, but in spite of everything still functioning stand. On an area of ​​9 hectares there are even rows of twenty-meter antennas, overgrown with shrubs from below. In the center of the antenna field there is a huge horn-emitter the size of a village hut, with the help of which acoustic processes in the atmosphere are studied. At the edge of the field there is a building of radio transmitters and a transformer substation, a little further away there are laboratory and utility buildings.
"Sura" was built in the late seventies and was put into operation in 1981. Extremely interesting results of the behavior of the ionosphere were obtained on this completely unique installation, including the discovery of the effect of generating low-frequency radiation during the modulation of ionospheric currents, later called the Getmantsev effect after the founder of the stand. At first, work on the Sura was financed to a large extent by the military department, but after the collapse of the Union, such work is no longer carried out. Now we work not only in the interests of domestic science, but also participate in international projects for the study of the ionosphere.

The fundamental difference between Sura and HAARP is that the Russian installation is located in the middle latitudes, and not in the polar ones, where the northern lights occur. But in the North, the lines of tension of the Earth's magnetosphere converge. By influencing them, it is possible to influence the state of the magnetosphere, at least cause artificial aurora borealis, at the maximum disable the electronics of satellites and other equipment, and also cause malfunctions in the operation of ground-based technical systems.

However, they still do not know how to send hurricanes to America on the Sura. But studies of the relationship between natural disasters and disturbances in the ionosphere and magnetosphere are not as widespread as in the United States, nevertheless, they are being conducted. “On a business trip abroad, I came across a wonderful book about the HAARP project, which describes 11 ways of its military application,” said Yury Tokarev, head of the solar-terrestrial relations department of the NIRFI, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences. “The Americans are striving with all their might to achieve the declared results, they are working on new technologies for influencing the near-Earth environment at HAARP, and they have actually obtained some interesting results. Heating of the ionosphere can create artificial plasma formations (plasma clouds), significantly affect the operation of various radio systems, and cause artificial glow of the night sky."

In the early eighties, when Sura was just beginning to be actively used, interesting anomalous phenomena were observed in the atmosphere above it. Many workers have seen strange glows, burning red balls hanging motionless or flying at high speed in the sky. This is not a UFO, but only luminescent glow of plasma formations . At the moment, work on the study of the glow of the ionosphere under active influence is one of the important areas of research.

“It is possible to influence the weather, but not on such a large scale as in the case of hurricanes Katrina or Rita. Neither we nor they - so far no one knows how to do this, - continues Yuri Tokarev. - The power of the installations is not enough. Even that power , which they want to withdraw HAARP in the near future, will not be enough to effectively arrange natural disasters.

Now "Sura" works about 100 hours a year. The institute does not have enough money for electricity for heating experiments. Only one day of intensive work of the stand can deprive the polygon of the monthly budget. Americans conduct experiments on HAARP for 2000 hours a year, that is, 20 times more. The size of appropriations according to the most rough estimates is 300 million dollars a year. Russian science spends only $40,000 for similar purposes, almost 7,500 times less. Meanwhile, in a few years, HAARP should reach its design capacity of 3.5 gigawatts, which is already an order of magnitude higher than Sura's capacity.
“If it goes on like this, we risk losing the main thing, namely the understanding of what is happening there,” says Savely Grach, one of the NIRFI scientists, professor at Nizhny Novgorod University. “Both Sura and HAARP are not weapons, but "only research laboratories. But the processes worked out on them, in the future, it is quite possible that they will be used for military purposes. One should not hope that the Americans will give up the temptation to build something special with fantastic characteristics for a simple man in the street. But then it will already be late to catch up. Now, despite the general lack of money in the 90s, we still surpass the Americans in understanding the processes taking place in the ionosphere. But the material and technical base is being destroyed, people are leaving abroad, and the gap is incredibly narrowing."
“It’s just a miracle that Sura was saved at all,” said Georgy Komrakov, the head of the test site, Ph.D. "Here, on an area of ​​​​several football fields, keeping track of them in the dark is not so easy. Imagine the efforts it took to save the installation with two village watchmen, who themselves are not averse to stealing. For example, one of the NIRFI training grounds in the nineties was plundered to the ground. Now it does not function. "Suru" could have suffered the same fate. "