Russia is developing radio-electronic munitions designed to disable enemy equipment due to a powerful microwave pulse, an adviser to the first deputy general director recently said. Such statements, often containing extremely scarce information, look like something from the realm of fantasy, but they are heard more and more often, and not by chance. The United States and China are intensively working on electromagnetic weapons, where they understand that promising technologies for remote action will radically change the tactics and strategy of future wars. Is it capable modern Russia respond to such challenges?

Between the first and second

The use of electromagnetic weapons is considered part of an element of the US "third offset strategy", which involves the use of the latest technologies and control methods to achieve an advantage over the enemy. If the first two "compensation strategies" were implemented during cold war exclusively as a response to the USSR, the third is directed mainly against China. The war of the future involves limited human participation, but it is planned to actively use drones. They are controlled remotely, it is precisely such control systems that electromagnetic weapons should disable.

Speaking of electromagnetic weapons, they primarily mean equipment based on powerful microwave radiation. It is assumed that it is capable of suppressing, up to the complete incapacitation of enemy electronic systems. Depending on the tasks to be solved, microwave emitters can be delivered on rockets or drones, installed on armored vehicles, aircraft or ships, and also be stationary. Electromagnetic weapons usually operate for several tens of kilometers, electronics are affected in the entire space around the source or target located in a relatively narrow cone.

In this sense, electromagnetic weapons represent a further development of electronic warfare. The design of microwave radiation sources varies depending on the damaging targets and methods. Thus, compact generators with explosive compression can serve as the basis for electromagnetic bombs. magnetic field or emitters with focusing electromagnetic radiation in a certain sector, and microwave emitters installed on large equipment, such as aircraft or tanks, operate on the basis of a laser crystal.

Let them talk

The first prototypes of electromagnetic weapons appeared in the 1950s in the USSR and the USA, however, it was possible to start producing compact and not very energy-consuming products only in the last twenty or thirty years. In fact, the United States started the race, Russia had no choice but to get involved in it.

Image: Boeing

In 2001, it became known about the work on one of the first samples of electromagnetic weapons mass destruction: American system VMADS (Vehicle Mounted Active Denial System) made it possible to heat a person's skin to a pain threshold (about 45 degrees Celsius), thus actually disorienting the enemy. However, in the end, the main goal of advanced weapons is not people, but machines. In 2012, in the United States, as part of the CHAMP (Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project) project, a rocket with an electromagnetic bomb was tested, and a year later, a ground-based electronic suppression system for drones was tested. In addition to these areas, laser weapons and railguns close to electromagnetic weapons are being intensively developed in the United States.

Similar developments are underway in China, where, moreover, they recently announced the creation of an array of SQUIDs (SQUID, Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, superconducting quantum interferometer), which allows detecting submarines from a distance of about six kilometers, and not hundreds of meters, as traditional methods. The US Navy experimented with single SQUID sensors rather than arrays for similar purposes, but the high noise level led to the fact that the use of promising technology was abandoned in favor of traditional means of detection, in particular sonar.

Russia

Russia already has samples of electromagnetic weapons. For example, the remote demining vehicle (MDR) "Foliage" is an armored car equipped with a radar for searching for mines, a microwave emitter for neutralizing the electronic filling of ammunition and a metal detector. This MDR, in particular, is intended to accompany cars along the route. missile systems Topol, Topol-M and Yars. "Foliage" has repeatedly been tested, in Russia until 2020 it is planned to adopt more than 150 such vehicles.

The effectiveness of the system is limited, since only remotely controlled fuses (that is, with electronic filling) are neutralized with its help. On the other hand, there is always the function of detecting an explosive device. More complex systems, in particular "Afganit", are installed on modern Russian cars universal combat platform "Armata".

Per last years in Russia, more than ten electronic warfare systems have been developed, including Algurit, Rtut-BM and the Krasukha family, as well as the Borisoglebsk-2 and Moscow-1 stations.

The Russian military is already being supplied with aerodynamic targets with a built-in electronic warfare system capable of simulating a group missile raid, thereby disorienting enemy air defenses. In such missiles, instead of a warhead, special equipment is installed. Within three years, they will equip the Su-34 and Su-57.

“Today, all these developments have been transferred to the level of specific experimental design projects for the creation of electromagnetic weapons: shells, bombs, missiles carrying a special explosive magnetic generator,” says Vladimir Mikheev, adviser to the first deputy general director of the Radioelectronic Technologies concern.

He clarified that in 2011-2012, a complex of scientific research was carried out under the code "Alabuga", which made it possible to determine the main directions for the development of radio electronic weapons future. Similar developments, the adviser noted, are being carried out in other countries, in particular in the United States and China.

Ahead of the planet

Nevertheless, in the development of electromagnetic weapons, so far it is Russia that occupies, if not a leader, then one of the leading positions in the world. Experts are almost unanimous on this.

“We have such regular ammunition - for example, there are generators in combat units anti-aircraft missiles, there are also shots for hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers equipped with such generators. In this direction, we are at the forefront in the world, similar ammunition, as far as I know, is still in supply foreign armies no. In the United States and China, such equipment is now only at the testing stage, ”notes Chief Editor, member of the expert council of the collegium of the military-industrial complex.

According to CNA (Center for Naval Analyzes) analyst Samuel Bendett, Russia leads the way in electronic warfare, and the US has lagged far behind in the past 20 years. The expert, speaking recently in Washington, DC, to government officials and representatives of the military industry, emphasized Russian complex suppression of GSM communication RB-341V "Leer-3".

Electromagnetic weapons: what the Russian army is ahead of competitors

Pulse electromagnetic weapons, or the so-called. "jammers", is a real, already being tested, type of weapons Russian army. The United States and Israel are also conducting successful developments in this area, however, they have relied on the use of EMP systems to generate kinetic energy warhead.

We have taken the straight path damaging factor and created prototypes of several combat systems at once - for ground forces, Air Force and Navy. According to the experts working on the project, the development of the technology has already passed the stage of field tests, but now there is work on the bugs and an attempt to increase the power, accuracy and range of radiation.

Today our "Alabuga", bursting at an altitude of 200-300 meters, is able to turn off all electronic equipment within a radius of 3.5 km and leave military unit battalion / regiment scale without means of communication, control, fire guidance, while turning all the available enemy equipment into a pile of useless scrap metal. Except how to surrender and give to the advancing units of the Russian army heavy weapons as trophies, there are essentially no options left.

"Jammer" of electronics

The advantages of such a "non-lethal" defeat are obvious - the enemy will only have to surrender, and the equipment can be obtained as a trophy. The only problem is effective means delivery of this charge - it has a relatively large mass and the missile must be large enough, and, as a result, very vulnerable to hitting air defense / missile defense systems, ”the expert explained.

Interesting are the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute. Ioffe. Investigating the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the earth on air objects (targets), the specialists of these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation fluxes from several sources.

Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent huge dynamic overloads and were destroyed. The coordinated work of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focus point, that is, to retarget at great speed or to accompany objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even on warheads of ICBMs. In fact, this is not even a microwave weapon, but combat plasmoids.

Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors presented a draft air defense/missile defense system based on these principles for consideration by the state, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed a joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project did not take place, perhaps this was what prompted the Americans to create a complex in Alaska HAARP (High frequency Active Auroral Research Program)- research project on the study of the ionosphere and auroras. Note that for some reason that peaceful project has funding from the agency DARPA Pentagon.

Already entering service with the Russian army

To understand what place the topic of electronic warfare occupies in the military-technical strategy of the Russian military department, it is enough to look at the State Armaments Program until 2020. From 21 trillion. rubles of the general budget of the SAP, 3.2 trillion. (about 15%) is planned to be directed to the development and production of attack and defense systems using sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, in the Pentagon's budget, according to experts, this share is much less - up to 10%.

Now let's look at what you can already "feel", i.e. those products that have reached the series and entered service over the past few years.

Mobile electronic warfare systems "Krasukha-4" suppress spy satellites, ground-based radars and AWACS aircraft systems, completely closes from radar detection for 150-300 km, and can also inflict radar damage on enemy electronic warfare and connections. The operation of the complex is based on the creation of powerful interference at the main frequencies of radars and other radio-emitting sources. Manufacturer: OJSC "Bryansk Electromechanical Plant" (BEMZ).

Sea-based electronic warfare tool TK-25E provides effective protection for ships of various classes. The complex is designed to provide radio-electronic protection of an object from radio-controlled air and ship-based weapons by creating active interference. The interface of the complex with various systems protected object, such as a navigation complex, a radar station, automated system combat control. The TK-25E equipment provides for the creation of various types of interference with a spectrum width from 64 to 2000 MHz, as well as impulse misinformation and imitation interference using signal copies. The complex is capable of simultaneously analyzing up to 256 targets. Equipping the protected object with the TK-25E complex three times or more reduces the likelihood of its defeat.

Multifunctional complex Mercury-BM developed and produced at KRET enterprises since 2011 and is one of the most modern electronic warfare systems. The main purpose of the station is to protect manpower and equipment from single and salvo fire artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses. Enterprise-developer: JSC "All-Russian "Gradient"(VNII "Gradient"). Similar devices are produced by Minsk "KB RADAR". Note that radio fuses are now equipped with up to 80% western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets and almost all precision-guided munitions, these are enough simple means allow you to protect troops from defeat, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

Concern "Constellation" produces a series of small-sized (portable, transportable, autonomous) jammers of the series RP-377. They can be used to jam signals. GPS, and in a stand-alone version, equipped with power sources, also placing the transmitters on a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters.

Now an export version of a more powerful suppression system is being prepared. GPS and weapon control channels. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It was built on a modular principle, which allows you to vary the areas and objects of protection.

From unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - "Sniper-M","I-140/64" and "Gigawatt" made on the basis of car trailers. They, in particular, are used to develop means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from EMP damage.

Likbez

The element base of the RES is very sensitive to energy overloads, and the flow of electromagnetic energy is sufficient high density capable of burning out semiconductor junctions, completely or partially disrupting their normal functioning.

Low-frequency EMO creates electromagnetic pulsed radiation at frequencies below 1 MHz, high-frequency EMO affects microwave radiation - both pulsed and continuous. Low-frequency EMO affects the object through pickups on wired infrastructure, including telephone lines, cables external power supply, submission and removal of information. High-frequency EMO directly penetrates the object's electronic equipment through its antenna system.

In addition to affecting the enemy's RES, high-frequency EMO can also affect the skin and internal organs of a person. At the same time, as a result of their heating in the body, chromosomal and genetic changes, activation and deactivation of viruses, transformation of immunological and behavioral reactions are possible.

chief technical means to obtain powerful electromagnetic pulses, which form the basis of low-frequency EMO, is a generator with explosive compression of the magnetic field. Another potential type of high level low frequency magnetic energy source could be a magnetodynamic generator driven by propellant or explosive.

When implementing high-frequency EMO, such electronic devices as broadband magnetrons and klystrons, gyrotrons operating in the millimeter range, virtual cathode generators (vircators) using the centimeter range, free electron lasers and broadband plasma-beam lasers can be used as a generator of high-power microwave radiation. generators.

electromagnetic weapon, EATAnd

Electromagnetic gun "Angara", test

Electronic bomb - fantasy weapon Russia

Electromagnetic weapons: what the Russian army is ahead of competitors

Pulse electromagnetic weapons, or the so-called. "jammers", is a real, already being tested, type of weapons of the Russian army. The United States and Israel are also conducting successful developments in this area, but they have relied on the use of EMP systems to generate the kinetic energy of a warhead.

In our country, we took the path of a direct damaging factor and created prototypes of several combat complexes at once - for the ground forces, air force and navy. According to the specialists working on the project, the development of the technology has already passed the stage of field tests, but now there is work on the bugs and an attempt to increase the power, accuracy and range of radiation.

Today, our Alabuga, having exploded at an altitude of 200-300 meters, is able to turn off all electronic equipment within a radius of 3.5 km and leave a battalion / regiment-scale military unit without means of communication, control, fire guidance, while turning all available enemy equipment into pile of useless scrap metal. In fact, there are no options other than to surrender and give heavy weapons to the advancing units of the Russian army as trophies.

"Jammer" of electronics

For the first time, the world saw a real-life prototype of electromagnetic weapons at the LIMA-2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. There was an export version domestic complex"Knapsack-E". It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, provides a guaranteed defeat of ground target electronics, an aircraft or guided munition at ranges up to 14 kilometers and disturbances in its operation at a distance of up to 40 km.

Despite the fact that the first-born made a splash in the world media, experts noted a number of its shortcomings. Firstly, the size of an effectively hit target does not exceed 30 meters in diameter, and, secondly, the weapon is disposable - reloading takes more than 20 minutes, during which the miracle cannon has already been shot 15 times from the air, and it can only work on targets on open area, without the slightest visual obstruction.

It is probably for these reasons that the Americans abandoned the creation of such directional EMP weapons, concentrating on laser technologies. Our gunsmiths decided to try their luck and try to "bring to mind" the technology of directed EMP radiation.

A specialist of the Rostec concern, who, for obvious reasons, did not want to disclose his name, in an interview with Expert Online expressed the opinion that electromagnetic pulse weapons- is already a reality, but the whole problem lies in the methods of its delivery to the target. “We are working on a project to develop an electronic warfare complex classified as “OV” called “Alabuga”. This is a rocket, the warhead of which is a high-frequency high-power electromagnetic field generator.


Based on active pulsed radiation, a similarity is obtained nuclear explosion, but without the radioactive component. Field tests have shown the high efficiency of the block - not only radio-electronic, but also conventional electronic equipment of wired architecture, fails within a radius of 3.5 km. Those. not only removes the main communication headsets from normal operation, blinding and stunning the enemy, but actually leaves the whole unit without any local electronic control systems, including weapons.

The advantages of such a "non-lethal" defeat are obvious - the enemy will only have to surrender, and the equipment can be obtained as a trophy. The problem is only in the effective means of delivering this charge - it has a relatively large mass and the missile must be large enough, and, as a result, very vulnerable to hitting air defense / missile defense systems, ”the expert explained.

Interesting are the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute. Ioffe. Investigating the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the earth on air objects (targets), the specialists of these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation flows from several sources.

Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent huge dynamic overloads and were destroyed. The coordinated work of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focus point, that is, to retarget at great speed or to accompany objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even on warheads of ICBMs. In fact, this is not even a microwave weapon, but combat plasmoids.

Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors presented a draft air defense/missile defense system based on these principles for consideration by the state, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed a joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project did not take place, perhaps this was what prompted the Americans to create the HAARP (High freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) complex in Alaska - a research project to study the ionosphere and auroras. Note that for some reason that peaceful project has funding from the Pentagon's DARPA agency.

Already entering service with the Russian army

To understand what place the topic of electronic warfare occupies in the military-technical strategy of the Russian military department, it is enough to look at the State Armaments Program until 2020. Of the 21 trillion. rubles of the general budget of the SAP, 3.2 trillion. (about 15%) is planned to be directed to the development and production of attack and defense systems using sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, in the Pentagon's budget, according to experts, this share is much less - up to 10%.

Now let's look at what you can already "feel", i.e. those products that have reached the series and entered service over the past few years.

Krasukha-4 mobile electronic warfare systems suppress spy satellites, ground-based radars and AWACS aviation systems, completely block radar detection for 150-300 km, and can also inflict radar damage on enemy electronic warfare and communications equipment. The operation of the complex is based on the creation of powerful interference at the main frequencies of radars and other radio-emitting sources. Manufacturer: OJSC "Bryansk Electromechanical Plant" (BEMZ).


The TK-25E sea-based electronic warfare system provides effective protection for ships of various classes. The complex is designed to provide radio-electronic protection of an object from radio-controlled air and ship-based weapons by creating active interference. The interface of the complex with various systems of the protected object, such as a navigation complex, a radar station, an automated combat control system, is provided.

The TK-25E equipment provides for the creation of various types of interference with a spectrum width from 64 to 2000 MHz, as well as impulse misinformation and imitation interference using signal copies. The complex is capable of simultaneously analyzing up to 256 targets. Equipping the protected object with the TK-25E complex reduces the probability of its destruction by three or more times.

The multifunctional complex "Mercury-BM" has been developed and produced at KRET enterprises since 2011 and is one of the most modern systems EW. The main purpose of the station is to protect manpower and equipment from single and salvo fire of artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses. Enterprise-developer: OAO All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Gradient (VNII Gradient). Similar devices are produced by Minsk "KB RADAR".

It should be noted that up to 80% of Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets and almost all precision-guided munitions are now equipped with radio fuses, these fairly simple means make it possible to protect troops from damage, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

Concern "Constellation" produces a series of small-sized (portable, transportable, autonomous) jamming transmitters of the RP-377 series. With their help, you can jam GPS signals, and in a standalone version, equipped with power sources, you can also place transmitters in a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters.

Now an export version of a more powerful GPS jamming system and weapon control channels is being prepared. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It was built on a modular principle, which allows you to vary the areas and objects of protection.

From unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - "Sniper-M", "I-140/64" and "Gigawatt", made on the basis of car trailers. They, in particular, are used to develop means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from EMP damage.

Likbez

The element base of the RES is very sensitive to energy overloads, and the flow of electromagnetic energy of a sufficiently high density can burn out semiconductor junctions, completely or partially disrupting their normal functioning.

Low-frequency EMO creates electromagnetic pulsed radiation at frequencies below 1 MHz, high-frequency EMO affects microwave radiation - both pulsed and continuous. Low-frequency EMO affects the object through pickups on wired infrastructure, including telephone lines, external power cables, data supply and retrieval. High-frequency EMO directly penetrates the object's electronic equipment through its antenna system.

In addition to affecting the enemy's RES, high-frequency EMO can also affect the skin and internal organs of a person. At the same time, as a result of their heating in the body, chromosomal and genetic changes, activation and deactivation of viruses, transformation of immunological and behavioral reactions are possible.


The main technical means of obtaining powerful electromagnetic pulses, which form the basis of low-frequency EMO, is a generator with explosive compression of the magnetic field. Another potential type of high level low frequency magnetic energy source could be a magnetodynamic generator driven by propellant or explosive.

Within the framework of the All-Russian sports movement"Ready for work and defense" there is a standard for firing electronic weapons. The electronic shooting range for the TRP is represented by a computer model of an air rifle, which fully simulates the shooting process. The results of tests on electronic and classical weapons turned out to be similar, therefore, in order to increase the safety of participants and the commission and reduce injuries, it was decided that TRP shooting from electronic weapons was a better choice.

Electronic weapons for passing TRP standards

The identity of electronic weapons with a classic air rifle can be traced by the following parameters:

• reaction of the trigger mechanism;
• balancing indicators;
• product weight.

Virtual holes activate the reaction of a special target, after which the results of firing are recorded on the computer thanks to the signal transmitted by the sensor. Electronic weapons, compared to traditional ones, have the following advantages in testing physical training according to the "Ready for Labor and Defense" system.

1. An electronic shooting range is safe, which cannot be said about an air rifle, even with bullets. These are not real bullets, however, they are also capable of injuring.
2. Electronics requires significantly lower operating costs, both time and financial. Targets and bullets for a traditional rifle must be purchased regularly. Inventory requires periodic maintenance, elimination of breakdowns and replacement of worn-out elements. You need to spend money on electronic simulation once and no longer worry about replenishing the projectile and replacing parts that are out of order.
3. Because the Airguns requires recharging, subjects may experience difficulties and hitches when passing the norms.
4. The use of so-called real weapons requires the presence of bullet catchers in the room to prevent ricochet, and this is an additional financial cost.
5. In some cases, problems arise when scoring, because torn marks from the shot remain on the paper target. When using electronic weapons, such problems do not arise, moreover, the results are so accurate that there is absolutely no possibility to dispute anything.
6. Digital analogues allow you to automatically monitor the statistics of the results and save the shooting results.

How to shoot from TRP electronic weapons?

Need to shoot electronic dash from a standing or sitting position, it is worth leaning on your elbows or a rack. The distance is 5-10 meters. The first three shots will be trial shots, then a ten minute countdown will begin, during which you will need to fire five shots for evaluation. The participant is given three minutes to prepare. Shooting technique is represented by the following standards.

1. Adopt a standing position at the counter or sitting at a table.
2. The rifle must be in right hand, the neck of the box is clasped on the left with the thumb, the remaining 4 fingers are fixed on the right.
3. From below, the forearm of the box must be held with the left hand. On the left side is the thumb and on the right side are all the others. Be sure to keep the rifle in the palm of your hand.
4. The left elbow should be located strictly under the rifle, and place the right elbow closer to the body, on the side.
5. Insert the rifle into the recess of the right shoulder, lower the head onto the comb of the buttstock and fix the body steadily. Movements should be smooth and calm.
6. It is recommended to close your eyes for a couple of seconds and then match the aiming points and broods.
7. Place your index finger on trigger, aim and gently press it when you are ready to shoot.

Remember that if you shoot without the referee's command or load your weapon without his command, the result will not be counted.

Electronic shooting range for TRP - settings

The software for digital weapons is available for installation and configuration on any Personal Computer with an operating Windows system versions 7,8 or 10. A separate file can save the results of each participant and print them using a standard printer. The total score and the location where the target was hit by the infrared beam will be saved.

Electromagnetic weapons: what the Russian army is ahead of competitors

Pulse electromagnetic weapons, or the so-called. "jammers", is a real, already being tested, type of weapons of the Russian army. The United States and Israel are also conducting successful developments in this area, but they have relied on the use of EMP systems to generate the kinetic energy of a warhead.

In our country, we took the path of a direct damaging factor and created prototypes of several combat complexes at once - for the ground forces, air force and navy. According to the specialists working on the project, the development of the technology has already passed the stage of field tests, but now there is work on the bugs and an attempt to increase the power, accuracy and range of radiation.

Today, our Alabuga, having exploded at an altitude of 200-300 meters, is able to turn off all electronic equipment within a radius of 3.5 km and leave a battalion / regiment-scale military unit without means of communication, control, fire guidance, while turning all available enemy equipment into pile of useless scrap metal. In fact, there are no options other than to surrender and give heavy weapons to the advancing units of the Russian army as trophies.

"Jammer" of electronics

For the first time, the world saw a real-life prototype of electromagnetic weapons at the LIMA-2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. An export version of the domestic Ranets-E complex was presented there. It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, provides a guaranteed defeat of ground target electronics, an aircraft or a guided munition at ranges up to 14 kilometers and disruption in its operation at a distance of up to 40 km.

Despite the fact that the first-born made a splash in the world media, experts noted a number of its shortcomings. Firstly, the size of an effectively hit target does not exceed 30 meters in diameter, and, secondly, the weapon is disposable - reloading takes more than 20 minutes, during which the miracle cannon has already been shot 15 times from the air, and it can only work on targets on open area, without the slightest visual obstruction.

It is probably for these reasons that the Americans abandoned the creation of such directional EMP weapons, concentrating on laser technologies. Our gunsmiths decided to try their luck and try to "bring to mind" the technology of directed EMP radiation.

A specialist of the Rostec concern, who, for obvious reasons, did not want to reveal his name, in an interview with Expert Online expressed the opinion that electromagnetic pulsed weapons are already a reality, but the whole problem lies in the methods of delivering them to the target. “We are working on a project to develop an electronic warfare complex classified as “OV” called “Alabuga”. This is a rocket, the warhead of which is a high-frequency high-power electromagnetic field generator.

Based on active pulsed radiation, a similarity of a nuclear explosion is obtained, only without a radioactive component. Field tests have shown the high efficiency of the block - not only radio-electronic, but also conventional electronic equipment of wired architecture, fails within a radius of 3.5 km. Those. not only removes the main communication headsets from normal operation, blinding and stunning the enemy, but actually leaves the whole unit without any local electronic control systems, including weapons.

The advantages of such a "non-lethal" defeat are obvious - the enemy will only have to surrender, and the equipment can be obtained as a trophy. The problem is only in the effective means of delivering this charge - it has a relatively large mass and the missile must be large enough, and, as a result, very vulnerable to hitting air defense / missile defense systems, ”the expert explained.

Interesting are the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute. Ioffe. Investigating the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the earth on air objects (targets), the specialists of these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation flows from several sources.

Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent huge dynamic overloads and were destroyed. The coordinated work of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focus point, that is, to retarget at great speed or to accompany objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even on warheads of ICBMs. In fact, this is not even a microwave weapon, but combat plasmoids.

Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors presented a draft air defense/missile defense system based on these principles for consideration by the state, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed a joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project did not take place, perhaps this was what prompted the Americans to create the HAARP (High freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) complex in Alaska - a research project to study the ionosphere and auroras. Note that for some reason that peaceful project has funding from the Pentagon's DARPA agency.

Already entering service with the Russian army

To understand what place the topic of electronic warfare occupies in the military-technical strategy of the Russian military department, it is enough to look at the State Armaments Program until 2020. Of the 21 trillion. rubles of the general budget of the SAP, 3.2 trillion. (about 15%) is planned to be directed to the development and production of attack and defense systems using sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, in the Pentagon's budget, according to experts, this share is much less - up to 10%.

Now let's look at what you can already "feel", i.e. those products that have reached the series and entered service over the past few years.

Krasukha-4 mobile electronic warfare systems suppress spy satellites, ground-based radars and AWACS aviation systems, completely block radar detection for 150-300 km, and can also inflict radar damage on enemy electronic warfare and communications equipment. The operation of the complex is based on the creation of powerful interference at the main frequencies of radars and other radio-emitting sources. Manufacturer: OJSC "Bryansk Electromechanical Plant" (BEMZ).

The TK-25E sea-based electronic warfare system provides effective protection for ships of various classes. The complex is designed to provide radio-electronic protection of an object from radio-controlled air and ship-based weapons by creating active interference. The interface of the complex with various systems of the protected object, such as a navigation complex, a radar station, an automated combat control system, is provided.

The TK-25E equipment provides for the creation of various types of interference with a spectrum width from 64 to 2000 MHz, as well as impulse misinformation and imitation interference using signal copies. The complex is capable of simultaneously analyzing up to 256 targets. Equipping the protected object with the TK-25E complex reduces the probability of its destruction by three or more times.

The multifunctional complex "Mercury-BM" has been developed and produced at KRET enterprises since 2011 and is one of the most modern electronic warfare systems. The main purpose of the station is to protect manpower and equipment from single and salvo fire of artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses. Enterprise-developer: OAO All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Gradient (VNII Gradient). Similar devices are produced by Minsk "KB RADAR".

It should be noted that up to 80% of Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets and almost all precision-guided munitions are now equipped with radio fuses, these fairly simple means make it possible to protect troops from damage, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

Concern "Constellation" produces a series of small-sized (portable, transportable, autonomous) jamming transmitters of the RP-377 series. With their help, you can jam GPS signals, and in a standalone version, equipped with power sources, you can also place transmitters in a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters.

Now an export version of a more powerful GPS jamming system and weapon control channels is being prepared. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It was built on a modular principle, which allows you to vary the areas and objects of protection.

From unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - "Sniper-M", "I-140/64" and "Gigawatt", made on the basis of car trailers. They, in particular, are used to develop means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from EMP damage.

Likbez

The element base of the RES is very sensitive to energy overloads, and the flow of electromagnetic energy of a sufficiently high density can burn out semiconductor junctions, completely or partially disrupting their normal functioning.

Low-frequency EMO creates electromagnetic pulsed radiation at frequencies below 1 MHz, high-frequency EMO affects microwave radiation - both pulsed and continuous. Low-frequency EMO affects the object through pickups on wired infrastructure, including telephone lines, external power cables, data supply and retrieval. High-frequency EMO directly penetrates the object's electronic equipment through its antenna system.

In addition to affecting the enemy's RES, high-frequency EMO can also affect the skin and internal organs of a person. At the same time, as a result of their heating in the body, chromosomal and genetic changes, activation and deactivation of viruses, transformation of immunological and behavioral reactions are possible.

The main technical means of obtaining powerful electromagnetic pulses, which form the basis of low-frequency EMO, is a generator with explosive compression of the magnetic field. Another potential type of high level low frequency magnetic energy source could be a magnetodynamic generator driven by propellant or explosive.

When implementing high-frequency EMO, such electronic devices as broadband magnetrons and klystrons, gyrotrons operating in the millimeter range, virtual cathode generators (vircators) using the centimeter range, free electron lasers and broadband plasma-beam lasers can be used as a generator of high-power microwave radiation. generators.

Electromagnetic weapons, EMI

Electromagnetic gun "Angara", test

Electronic bomb - a fantastic weapon of Russia