Description: War Thunder is a next generation military MMO game dedicated to...
One of the main directions of strengthening national security Russia now is to modernize its strategic nuclear forces. It is the maintenance of parity in the sphere nuclear weapons(this is a situation where states have comparable capabilities of nuclear strike forces) is the guarantor of Russia's sovereignty, the inviolability of its current borders and high status in the international arena.
However, the current state of the Russian strategic nuclear forces causes serious concern. The fact is that most of the carriers of nuclear weapons were developed and created back in the days of Soviet Union and every year this weapon (once formidable and unparalleled in the world) is aging more and more. This applies to all components of the "nuclear triad": the Strategic Missile Forces (Rocket Forces strategic purpose), missile submarines and strategic aviation. During Soviet times, so many resources, both material and intellectual, were invested in strategic nuclear forces that we still use the remaining reserve, but everything ends someday. And now the time has come for Russia to get serious about modernizing its strategic nuclear forces.
A potential adversary is wasting no time. The United States is actively developing the latest missile defense systems; they cannot yet provide full-fledged protection against Russian missiles, but huge amounts of money are being invested in these programs. also in last years in the United States are actively developing the program "Prompt Global Strike" (lightning global impact), which allows you to inflict a powerful blow on any part of the planet in the shortest possible time. In this case, high-power precision non-nuclear weapons are used. The essence of the program is to destroy a significant part of the enemy's nuclear arsenal even before its possible use. Also, Americans are actively improving and modernizing both nuclear charges and means of their delivery.
The main potential of Russian strategic nuclear weapons is located on ground-based nuclear missiles and belongs to the Strategic Missile Forces. These are stationary mine complexes and mobile launch complexes ("Topol", "Topol-M"). The Russian silo-based missiles are based on the UR-100N UTTKh (SS-19, Stiletto) and R-36M (SS-18, Satan) liquid-fuel missiles. It is they who must deliver the maximum number of charges to enemy territory. During the Cold War, Americans were very afraid of these missiles. They have a high degree readiness (the missiles are fueled and have data on the coordinates of the target), good security, they carry several warheads capable of bypassing the missile defense system. And these missiles themselves are highly reliable. But the service life of these missile systems is coming to an end. In addition, these missiles use a large number of components that are made in Ukraine (the SS-18 was generally made in Dnepropetrovsk) and now Russia may have serious problems with their maintenance.
AT recent times certain steps are being taken towards the modernization of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces. The beginning of this process was laid back in the 90s, but active operations began around the middle of the last decade. One of the most important steps taken in recent years is the replacement of the obsolete RS-18 and RS-20A with the new fifth-generation solid-propellant rocket RS-24 Yars.
The history of the creation of the rocket "Yars"
Intercontinental ballistic missile RS-24 "Yars", in fact, is a deep modernization of the missile system RT-2PM2 "Topol-M", the development of which began at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT) in 1992, under the leadership of chief designer Solomatin. Work on the creation of a fifth-generation light solid-propellant rocket began in the USSR back in the late 80s and was entrusted to two of the largest missile centers at once: the Dnepropetrovsk design bureau Yuzhnoye and MIT. The result of the Muscovites' work was the RT-2PM2 Topol-M missile with a monoblock warhead. There is information that at the same time, work was underway on a missile with a multiple reentry vehicle (MIRV). In 2009, the limitations of the SVN-1 treaty expired and Russia received the right to create a new missile carrying several warheads. The RS-24 "Yars" differs from the "Topol-M" only in the warhead and a more modern control system.
In May 2007, we conducted the first test launch new rocket R-24, the second - took place in December of the same year. Both launches were carried out from the Plesetsk test site and both were successful. The launches were made from the modernized Topol-M complex, which once again proves the high degree of similarity of these missiles. The third rocket launch was made in early 2008 and was also successful. The parameters and characteristics of the new missile were strictly tied to the technical characteristics of the Topol-M complex; there are no differences between the launch systems of these missiles. This should significantly reduce the cost of production. Some experts note the similarity of some characteristics of the R-24 Yars and the R-30 Bulava missile system.
A number of experts expressed surprise at such a small number of test launches before handing over the missile to the troops (when compared with Soviet times). However, the developers of the complex announced that new missiles are being tested according to a new program, with more active use of computer simulation, which makes it possible to reduce the number of missile launches to a minimum. This approach is cost effective.
Initially, new missile systems were planned to be deployed from 2010. However, the delivery of the RS-24 to the Strategic Missile Forces began in 2009. In 2010, the 54th Guards Missile Division (Ivanovo Region) received three new missile systems, Deputy Defense Minister Popovkin said. At the end of the year, another division of the RS-24 (three complexes) entered service with the same division. In March 2011, it was officially announced that the RS-24 ICBM was on combat duty. In 2012, work began on re-equipping the Kozelsk and Novosibirsk missile units with the new missile system. At the beginning of 2014, in service with Russian missile troops special purpose consisted of 33 RS-24 missiles, each of them had four warheads.
The RS-2 ballistic missile is manufactured at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, and the launcher for the mobile complex is mass-produced at the Barrikady Production Association in Volgograd.
Description of ICBM RS-24
Intercontinental ballistic missile RS-24 "Yars" was created to destroy important military-industrial centers of the enemy. Its design is identical in many respects to the RS-12M2 Topol-M rocket. Only the head part and the control system differ.
The RS-24 Yars is a three-stage solid rocket. The body of the rocket is made of a high-strength composite material based on aramid fiber. The rocket does not have stabilizers for flight control, this function is performed by the nozzles of the engines of each stage. Nozzle nozzles and a socket of nozzle blocks are also made of composite materials. RS-24 uses solid fuel with high energy characteristics.
There is information that the warhead with the warhead breeding system of the RS-24 Yars missile is very reminiscent of the Bulava warhead, which was also designed at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. Probably, "Yars" can deliver to the affected area from three to six warheads, with a capacity of up to 300 kilotons each.
Flight control system - inertial. The information is processed by the onboard computer system, which can correct the flight, taking into account information from the GLONASS navigation satellites. Perhaps an astronomical correction system has been installed. All rocket electronics have increased resistance to damaging factors nuclear explosion. The Yars navigation system provides it with high accuracy in hitting a target.
In connection with the improvement of missile defense systems, changes were made to the Yars design related to increasing the survivability of the missile. The flight time was reduced as much as possible, the active flight segment was significantly reduced (the missile is most vulnerable on it). Thanks to more advanced engines, the RS-24 is picking up speed faster than the previous generation rockets. Moreover, the rocket can perform maneuvers already at the initial stage of its trajectory, immediately after launch. The missile is equipped with a missile defense system (there is very little information about its characteristics), the missile throws out a lot of decoys that are practically indistinguishable from real warheads in all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Warheads are coated with a substance that absorbs radar radiation and are practically invisible even to the most modern radars.
The developers said that for Yars it was ready new system breeding warheads, ballistic type, which will guide each block individually. But whether the tests of this system passed and how successful they were is unknown. It is possible that a liquid-fuel engine is at the stage of breeding warheads, although this seems unlikely, because MIT has always specialized in solid-fuel engines.
RS-24 "Yars" has a more advanced thermonuclear charge, and it was created without testing (nuclear testing has been banned since 1989).
The launch of the RS-24 missile, both mine-based and mobile-based, is mortar-based, using a powder battery. The rocket leaves the factory in a special fiberglass container.
Specifications RS-24
Below are the technical characteristics of the missile system. Many are unknown because they are classified.
Rocket RS-24
Number of steps 3
Maximum range flight, km (estimated) 11-12
Maximum starting weight, kg (estimated) 46500-47200
Warhead charge power, Mt 0.15, 0.3
Weight of head part, t 1.2-1.3
KVO, m 150
Warranty period of storage, years 15
Control system Inertial, possibly with astro correction
Basing Mine, mobile
In 2015, the creation of the Barguzin railway missile system began, which they plan to equip with Yars missiles. In the USSR there was a similar railway complex "Molodets", but then, according to the SVN-2 agreement (1993), it was decommissioned. "Barguzin" is planned to be put into service by 2020.
In the next decade, the RS-24 missile system should completely replace the RS-18 and RS-20A Voevoda missiles. And together with the Topol-M missile, become the basis of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces.
One of the most popular topics for discussion and debate is the comparison of weapons and military equipment. Attempts by technology lovers to choose the most effective and successful samples often lead to lengthy and heated disputes, which do not always end in a successful solution to the issue. For many years, such disputes have been going on around strategic missile systems: the debaters are trying to find out whose intercontinental missiles are better.
A good example of such disputes could be observed a few days ago on our website. In the comments under the next test launch of the American Minuteman III ICBM, readers tried to find out real opportunities missiles, as well as to analyze the infographics attached to the news. The last compared American missile With Russian complex"Topol-M", and the given figures showed that domestic system at least not better than foreign ones. Naturally, such a comparison could not but become a reason for a corresponding reaction.
Bearing in mind the complexity and actual futility of such cases, let's try to study the current state of affairs and determine which point of view is most fully consistent with the truth, and which of the modern intercontinental ballistic missiles can be considered the best. Naturally, it is not necessary to claim the ultimate truth, but such comparisons may be interesting.
Launch of the LGM-30G Minuteman III ICBM. Photo Rbase.new-factoria.ru
A topic of recent controversy has been the comparison of the LGM-30G Minuteman III and RT-2PM2 Topol-M missiles, which are in service with the US Air Force and the Russian Strategic Missile Forces, respectively. It is possible to develop this topic further, but some points should be taken into account. The current state of affairs in the strategic nuclear forces of Russia and the United States leaves a lot of room for maneuver and makes it possible to be cunning. The fact is that the US Air Force now has only one ground-based ICBM, while the Russian army operates complexes of seven models.
In this case, the question arises: what kind of missile should "represent" the Russian Strategic Missile Forces in such a comparison? The answer is rather complicated. The Minuteman-3 missile was put into service in the seventies of the last century, which makes it the same age as the Soviet / Russian UR-100N UTTKh and R-36M. At the same time, over the past decades American specialists repeatedly modernized the existing one, increasing its characteristics. The constant updating of the rocket makes it possible to consider even the newest Russian Topol-M and Yars as competitors for it.
The military and industry of the United States does not consider it possible to continue operating the LGM-30G missiles in the basic configuration, and for several decades have been upgrading such weapons in order to achieve the highest possible performance. Therefore, despite the solid age of the project as a whole, modern Minuteman III ICBMs can be considered direct competitors to the latest Russian missiles. In this case, we believe it is possible to compare them with the Russian Topol-M and Yars systems, since this will allow us to study the latest developments in the field of land-based intercontinental missiles.
LGM-30G Minuteman III
As the name implies, the Minuteman-3 rocket was a further development of an already existing family of vehicles. In 1966, Boeing began work on a deep modernization of existing rocket technology in order to create a new complex. The work was completed in the early seventies, after which the rocket was put into service and put into series. Over time, new LGM-30G products replaced all weapons of previous models. In the middle of the last decade, there was major event in the US strategic nuclear forces: the Minuteman III missile remained the only system of its class in service. This status has been retained to this day. Moreover, the replacement of such missiles, as far as is known, is not yet planned.
The deep modernization of existing missiles in order to create a new weapons complex consisted, first of all, in changing the design and equipment of the third stage. Also, breeding equipment, warheads, control systems and other devices that directly affect combat qualities have undergone the most serious update. After such modernization, the maximum possible characteristics were obtained, which ensured superiority over existing ICBMs.
Comparison of domestic and foreign missiles, which has become a cause for dispute. Infographics from "Arguments and Facts"
During the first few decades, the missiles were not subjected to major modernization. In the late nineties, the PRP program (Propulsion Replacement Program - “Propulsion Replacement Program”) was launched. The aim of the project was the modernization of existing solid fuel engines. The existing charges of solid fuel were replaced with a different mixture with improved characteristics. By 2009, all available missiles received improved engines, which made it possible to extend their service life, as well as to some extent improve performance.
A little earlier, at the beginning of 2008, the GRP (Guidance Replacement Program) program ended. During this project, the existing guidance system of the NS20A type gave way to the NS50A product. Due to the modernization of the controls, it was possible to significantly increase the accuracy of hitting targets, as well as to simplify the process of retargeting warheads.
Fulfilling the terms of the START II treaty, the United States began a modernization program called SRV (Single Reentry Vehicle - “Single Reentry Vehicle”). It was assumed that in the foreseeable future, Minuteman III missiles would receive new breeding stages, carrying one warhead instead of the standard three. However, the Offensive Arms Reduction Treaty never entered into force, which prevented the SRV program from being completed. The missiles retained the existing combat equipment.
In 2005, after the decommissioning of the LGM-118A Peacekeeper ICBMs, the SERV (Safety Enhanced Reentry Vehicle) program was launched. The existing warheads of the W78 type were no longer fully satisfied with the military, which is why it was decided to use new products of a similar purpose. At the breeding stages of the Minuteman-3 missiles, they began to mount the W87 blocks, which were removed from the Peekeeper missiles. As the name of the program implies, such a replacement has led to an increase in operational safety. The power of the newer warhead is 300 kt, but can be increased to 475 kt.
Since 2005, Minuteman III missiles have remained the only weapons of their class to be used with land based launchers. Recent upgrades - first of all, updating control and guidance systems - have significantly extended the life of the missiles. According to statements by US military leaders last year, LGM-30G missiles will remain on duty until the early thirties. Thus, the age of some missiles by the end of their service will exceed half a century.
"Minuteman-3" in the launch shaft. Photo by Wikimedia Commons
On the this moment The US Air Force has 450 Minuteman-3 intercontinental missiles on duty. These weapons are deployed at three bases in Wyoming, North Dakota and Montana. Construction of new missile bases for recent decades was not planned. On plans to reduce existing launch complexes has not yet been reported. Perhaps the number of launchers and deployed missiles will not change until the very end of the operation of existing systems. What will happen next is unknown.
According to published data, the LGM-30G Minuteman III missile was built according to a three-stage scheme with a separate breeding stage carrying warheads. The ICBM has a length of 18.2 m, a maximum diameter of 1.7 m and a launch weight of 35.4 tons with a mass of warheads of 1.15 tons. All three stages of the rocket are equipped with solid-propellant engines of different models. The first stage has a mass of 23.21 tons and carries a charge of fuel weighing 20.7 tons. The engine, equipped with four nozzles, develops thrust up to 90,800 kgf. The second stage, with a mass of 7.28 tons, carries an engine with a 6.2-ton charge, developing thrust up to 27,500 kgf. The third stage, which is the smallest, weighs 3.3 tons and is equipped with a fuel charge of 2.8 tons. Engine thrust is 15,600 kgf. The breeding stage is equipped with a liquid engine with a set of 11 nozzles and a thrust of 252 kgf.
According to officially published data, the missile can deliver warheads to a distance of up to 13,000 km. At the same time, more accurate information about the firing range is classified, as a result of which there are often assumptions about the possibility of flying over long distances. Recent upgrades have made it possible to bring the circular probable deviation to 180-200 m. The power of existing types of warheads reaches 350 kt.
Topol-M and Yars
From the point of view of technical novelty and obtaining best performance The RT-2PM2 Topol-M and RS-24 Yars complexes can be considered as the “Russian answer” to American intercontinental ballistic missiles. These systems have been created since the end of the eighties and have a certain continuity. Topol-M and Yars began to enter the Strategic Missile Forces in the late 1990s and late 2000s, respectively.
The Topol-M project started in the late eighties. In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Defense, the Soviet industry was to create two promising complex with a unified ICBM. It was proposed to use a single missile both with stationary silo launchers and as part of mobile soil complexes. New complex RT-2PM2 was supposed to be based on some ideas and solutions previously used to create a previous similar system, which is why it was called Topol-M.
An early version of the LGM-30G missile breeding stage. Photo Rbase.new-factoria.ru
In December 1994, the first launch of a new type of experimental rocket took place at the Plesetsk test site. During further tests, the calculated characteristics were confirmed, after which it was decided to start mass production of new weapons. The first serial Topol-M products were manufactured in 1997 and were intended for deployment on silo launchers. In the autumn of 2000, the first test launch of a rocket was made from a mobile launcher on a wheeled chassis. In 2000, two new complexes were put into service.
According to reports, last fall, the Russian Strategic Missile Forces kept 60 Topol-M missiles in silo launchers on duty. Another 18 missiles were on mobile ground complexes. Thus, the troops have 78 missiles with the same number of monobloc warheads. All mine complexes are deployed in the Saratov region.
The Topol-M complexes use the unified 15Zh55 / 15Zh65 missile. The first designation is used for a rocket of a stationary complex, the second - for a mobile one. The differences between the two missiles are only in the design of the transport and launch container. The design of the rocket itself and the composition of its onboard units are the same for stationary and mobile systems.
The rocket is built according to a three-stage scheme and is equipped with solid-propellant engines of all stages. The total length of the product is just over 22.5 m, the diameter is 1.81 m, the launch weight is 46.5 tons, including 2 tons of cast weight. Cases of mid-flight steps are made of composite materials by winding. Inside the body is placed a charge of solid fuel. characteristic feature all three stages is the use of only control by deflecting the thrust vector. The most powerful engine is used in the first stage - a thrust of 100 thousand kgf with a charge mass of 23 tons. The third stage carries 5 tons of fuel and develops four times less thrust.
According to reports, the warhead of the 15Zh55 / 15Zh65 missile is equipped with one warhead with a capacity of 800 kt. Together with the warhead, the missile carries an advanced anti-missile defense system. For additional difficulty in interception, the warhead has its own engines, allowing it to maneuver on the descending part of the trajectory. It is known that earlier work was underway to create a new warhead for existing missiles. In this case, the missile of the RT-2PM2 complex could receive several warheads, however, for various reasons, serial products remained with a monoblock warhead. A similar problem was solved in the next project.
Mobile version of the complex "Topol-M". Photo by Wikimedia Commons
The 15Zh55 / 15Zh65 missile is capable of delivering a warhead to a range of at least 9,000 km. In some sources, the maximum firing range is indicated at the level of 11 thousand km. The circular probable deviation, according to various sources, ranges from 200 to 300 m. At the same time, there are other estimates, up to 350 m.
According to one of the existing versions, an attempt to equip the Topol-M missile with a new warhead with several warheads eventually led to the emergence of a completely new project. Such a missile system received the designation RS-24 Yars. At present, after the cessation of mass production of Topol-M missiles, the Yars product is the only ICBM produced for strategic missile forces.
Like its predecessor, the Yars project involved the creation of stationary and mobile missile systems equipped with a unified missile. According to some estimates, certain units borrowed from existing ones were used in new products. As a result, to a certain extent, the new RS-24 complexes can be considered a deep modernization of the previous RT-2PM2.
The first test launch of the Yars missile took place in May 2007. By the beginning of the current decade, the tests were completed. The first set of missiles and necessary equipment was handed over to the Strategic Missile Forces at the end of 2009. In mid-2010, the leadership of the Ministry of Defense officially confirmed the deployment of new ICBMs. In the future, the production of missiles and complexes continued, thanks to which, in a few years, the RS-24 systems became one of the most numerous weapons of their class. According to reports, last fall, the missile forces had 63 deployed Yars missiles on mobile launchers and 10 in mines.
It is assumed that the rocket complex "Yars" has a length of about 23 m with a diameter of less than 2 m. starting weight does not exceed 48-50 tons. A three-stage design with solid propellant engines of all stages is used. The most important difference between Yars and Topol-M is the use of a split warhead. According to various estimates, such a missile carries up to four warheads with a capacity of up to 500 kt. The maximum firing range reaches 12 thousand km. Accuracy rates have not yet been disclosed.
Comparison
Considering the intercontinental ballistic missiles in service, it is difficult to do without trying to compare them. The desire to identify a more effective and successful model is quite understandable, and therefore the reasons for the start of numerous disputes should not be in doubt or be a reason for surprise.
Launcher complex "Yars". Photo Vitalykuzmin.net
The easiest and most popular way to compare weapon capabilities different types is a direct comparison of known characteristics, similar to the one in the already mentioned infographic. In this case, it turns out that the Minuteman III ICBM has advantages over the Topol-M and Yars in terms of firing range and the number of warheads. Another positive quality of foreign development is the greater accuracy of guidance. In addition, the greater number of deployed missiles of the same type, which exceeds the total capabilities of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces, can also be considered an advantage of American weapons.
From the point of view of only technical characteristics, Russian developments surpass the American one only in terms of the power of the warhead (Topol-M with its 800-kiloton monoblock), in terms of the capabilities of the anti-missile defense complex and in terms of flexibility of use. The latter is ensured by the existence of two variants of the complex with different basing methods.
Comparison in terms of characteristics is clearly not in favor of Russian developments. Moreover, the situation can be aggravated with the help of some trick: for this, it should be noted that the RT-2PM2 Topol-M missile was put into service in 1997, the RS-24 Yars - in 2009-2010, and the operation of the product Minuteman 3 launched four and a half decades ago. Naturally, trying to exaggerate, in no case should one mention the numerous upgrades of the American ICBM, which make it possible to maintain its characteristics at the required level.
The current situation with the characteristics has a fairly simple explanation. Indeed, the customer of weapons is always inclined to demand the highest possible characteristics. Nevertheless, an infinite increase in parameters, including those achieved by an unacceptable complication of the design, simply does not make sense. The latest domestic ICBMs have the characteristics required by the original terms of reference of the military department. Project requirements were formed taking into account existing strategies, the needs of the army and the level of existing technologies. In addition, in some cases there were restrictions imposed by existing international agreements. As a result, the complexes adopted for service are fully consistent with the concept of their use, which is much more important than the numbers taken out of context.
In the context of comparing the ICBMs in service with Russia and the United States, there is probably only one thesis that can hardly be disputed. The current situation, in which the Russian Strategic Missile Forces operate several types of land-based missiles, while the US Air Force has only one model of such a weapon, perfectly demonstrates the different approaches of the two countries and their military departments. The Soviet, and then the Russian military leadership considers it necessary to constantly develop rocket technology with the creation of modernized or completely new systems. The Pentagon, in turn, considered it expedient to systematically update and improve the existing model, created almost half a century ago.
As practice shows, both approaches have the right to life and are quite suitable for solving the tasks. The only missile of the United States and several complexes of Russia continue to play the most important role of guarantors of the strategic security of their country. And if the set goals are successfully achieved, then it probably does not matter how exactly it was done, how old the missile system is in service and what its technical characteristics are.
According to the websites:
http://ria.ru/
http://rg.ru/
http://aif.ru/
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/
http://globalsecurity.org/
http://defense-update.com/
http://missilethreat.csis.org/
MOBILE MISSILE COMPLEX "YARS"
MOBILE MISSILE COMPLEX YARS
Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) RS-24 "Yars" as part of a mobile ground missile system (PGRK) and a checker missile system was developed by cooperation between enterprises headed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT). Chief designer complex - Y. Solomonov. The RS-24 missile is a deep modification of the 15Zh65 missile of the RT-2PM2 Topol-M complex.
The ICBM is equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle. These missiles will begin to enter service with the Strategic Missile Forces this summer and, according to forecasts of foreign experts, they will serve for the next 10-20 years. The RS-24 should replace the "heavy" ICBMs of the R-36M (RS-20 "Satan") and UR-100N UTTKh (RS-18, known in the West as the "Stiletto") ICBMs.
The developer of the Yars ICBM is the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT), headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yuri Solomonov. According to available information, technologies obtained during the creation of the Topol-M complex were used in the development of the rocket, which made it possible to significantly reduce the design time.
The ICBM has three solid propellant sustainer stages. Marching steps have a one-piece "cocoon" body, made by winding threads from a polymer composite material based on aramid fiber, selected according to the state of the domestic production base with the prospect of its development. Controls: central rotary control nozzle with non-folding nozzle nozzle on the first marching degree and with sliding nozzle nozzles on the 2nd and 3rd stages.
The new ICBM, equipped with multiple reentry vehicles and ABM penetration systems, will make it possible to maintain the potential of the Russian strategic nuclear forces at the proper level in the context of the deployment of the US global missile defense system.
The control system (developed by NPO AP) is inertial, based on the BTsVK, a gyro-stabilized platform and a radio correction circuit (developed by JSC RKRKPIS) using the GLONASS satellite navigation system. The complex of high-speed command gyroscopic instruments has improved accuracy characteristics, the new BTsVK has increased productivity and resistance to PFYAV. Aiming is provided through the implementation of an autonomous determination of the azimuth of the control element installed on a gyro-stabilized platform using ground complex command devices located on the TPK. The combat readiness, accuracy and continuous operation life of on-board equipment have been increased.
The complex of ground equipment and launchers for the Yars PGRK were created at JSC Central Design Bureau Titan. This complex includes autonomous launchers on eight-axle off-road and maneuverability chassis, with a high degree of automation, capable of carrying out combat duty on weakly bearing soils and providing missile launches from any point on the patrol route.
In addition to launchers, the Central Design Bureau "Titan" develops, manufactures and puts into operation a number of specialized units and equipment according to the technical specifications of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering:
supply vehicles combat duty, intended for power supply of the APU, its protection, creation of conditions for personnel to carry out combat duty, rest and life;
combat vehicles escorts that provide training in driving launchers and the ability to tow damaged units of the complex;
transport and reloading vehicles for transporting missiles in containers and loading them onto launchers using a craneless method;
tractors for towing transport-handling machines;
engineering support and camouflage vehicles, whose tasks include conducting all types of reconnaissance, creating decoys, etc.;
transport and reloading units on multi-axle self-propelled chassis designed to transport and load missiles on launchers by a craneless method in the field;
service kits, spare parts and other technological equipment.
As part of the creation of the RS-24 ICBM on November 1, 2005, by launching the Topol ICBM with a standard SPU from the Kapustin Yar test site (Astrakhan region) towards the Sary-Shagan test site, flight tests of a single warhead breeding platform, new means of overcoming missile defense and unified warheads for RS-24 ICBMs and Bulava SLBMs. The tests were successful.
On April 22, 2006, tests of the disengagement platform and warheads were continued. The K65M-R launch vehicle was launched from the Kapustin Yar test site. The warhead breeding platform is designed to deliver 6 MIRVs. The tested platform has the ability to perform trajectory maneuvers that make it difficult for the enemy to solve missile defense problems. The launch program was completed in full. On December 8, 2007, a successful test launch of the Topol-E rocket with a new warhead was carried out from the Kapustin Yar test site in the Astrakhan region.
May 29, 2007 at 14-20 Moscow time, the first launch of the Yars ICBM took place, all the tasks of which were completed. The launch was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome (Arkhangelsk region) using the upgraded Topol-M BGRK, which confirms the high degree of unification of both missile systems. On December 25, 2007, the second launch of the RS-24 ICBM was successfully carried out, and on November 26, 2008, the third, also successful. In all three cases, the launch was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome along the combat field of the Kura training ground on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
RS-24 missiles are produced at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. The launcher of the mobile complex is located on the MZKT-79221 eight-wheeled chassis manufactured by the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant and developed at the Titan Central Design Bureau. Serial production of launchers for the mobile complex is carried out by the Volgograd Production Association "Barrikada". In 2009, the Central Design Bureau "Titan" created the first copies of the starting units of the Yars complex.
In 2009, the Aksion plant in Izhevsk began manufacturing control equipment complexes for various types of the Yars complex. In 2010, a decision was made to designate JSC Izhevsk Motor Plant Aksion-Holding as the head manufacturer of rolling stock command post in the interests of the Strategic Missile Forces.
In the Strategic Missile Forces, the RS-24 missile will be in service in parallel with the Topol-M mobile ground complexes.
At the end of 2010, the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN), Sergei Karakaev, announced that the Strategic Missile Forces were abandoning the Topol-M monoblock complex and rearming with Yars.
The first appearance of the RK "Yars" in the armed forces took place in December 2009, experimental combat duty "Yars" as part of the 1st division, took place in the Teykovskaya division. In December 2010, the 2nd division, consisting of three SPUs, was transferred to the Teykovskaya division.
During the re-equipment of the formation with new types of missile systems, the infrastructure of the positional areas of the missile regiments was improved with the construction of new barracks, headquarters, training buildings and canteens, and the base of modern training facilities was increased.
Prior to this, the servicemen of each of the missile battalions that entered combat duty underwent three stages of retraining at the Yars PGRK. The first of them was organized on the basis of the Teikovsky missile formation and included the theoretical training of military personnel, the second stage was held in training center Aerospace Defense Troops stationed at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The final stage - practical - took place directly in the missile regiment during the commissioning of the Yars PGRK. Each stage of the retraining of military personnel ended with the delivery of a number of tests.
The first missile regiment "Yarsov" took up combat duty in early March 2011 in Ivanovo region. At the end of 2011, the second regiment, armed with the RS-24 Yars mobile strategic missile system, took up combat duty. The complex was put on combat duty in the Teikovsky missile formation in the Ivanovo region.
In mid-2012, the missile formations of Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and Kozelsk Kaluga region began preparations for the deployment of the latest Yars missile systems. In September 2012, the placement of the next missile division armed with the Yars mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) at the Teikovsky missile formation (Ivanovo region) on combat duty completed the re-equipment of this formation with the latest missile systems, and at present the formation is the first in Strategic Missile Forces, completely re-equipped with the 5th generation PGRK. Two missile regiments of the formation have been re-equipped with the Topol-M PGRK, and two more missile regiments are on combat duty with the Yars PGRK, equipped with RS-24 ICBMs with a multiple reentry vehicle.
In November 2012, on the basis of the 161st school of technicians of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) of the Kapustin Yar training ground, successful acceptance tests of the first sample of the latest simulator for training driver-mechanics of autonomous launchers of the Yars mobile ground-based missile system were carried out.
In December 2012, the newest Topol-M and Yars PGRKs completed the re-equipment of the Teikovsky formation;
The Novosibirsk Missile Division in 2013 received new Yars mobile complexes. Putting these missiles on combat duty, Vladimir Putin called one of the main results of the outgoing year.
The SPU formations being re-equipped with the Yars missile system are equipped with the latest automated security systems (ASO), which include a set of modern means, increasing their reliability and readiness for their intended use in any situation.
System combat control The fourth generation, which is being introduced in the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) with the adoption of the Yars mobile ground-based strategic missile system, can significantly increase the reliability and range of delivering orders, thanks to more advanced means of communication. As a result, missile systems can be successfully used without limiting distances when performing maneuver actions, as well as expand the possibilities for choosing combat patrol routes.
The use of advanced mobile control posts will ensure sustainable, continuous and operational control nuclear weapons taking into account the features combat use both existing and prospective strategic missile systems in real time. The adoption and equipping of the re-equipped formations of the Strategic Missile Forces with a new automated combat control system (ASBU) will allow in the future to proceed with the modernization of existing stationary control posts.
December 24, 2013 at 11:00 Moscow time, a combat crew of the Strategic Missile Forces from the Plesetsk State Test Cosmodrome conducted a test launch of a solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) RS-24 "Yars" of a stationary mine-based, equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle.
Training warheads hit targets at the Kura training ground (Kamchatsky kr.) with a given accuracy. The main objectives of the launch were to confirm the performance, reliability, safety, flight performance and accuracy characteristics of the missile system in conditions as close as possible to combat use.
It is planned to equip the Kozelsky missile formation with this type of missile system from 2014.
The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) continue to receive promising engineering weapons to increase the maneuverability and survivability of mobile-based combat missile systems, including the engineering support and camouflage vehicle (MIOM) and the remote demining vehicle (MDR). In 2013, these vehicles were delivered to the Teykovskoye missile formation (Ivanovo region). Now three missile regiments of this division are 100% equipped with engineering support and camouflage vehicles. In 2014, 7 such universal machines, which have no analogues in the Armed Forces Russian Federation, will go to the Novosibirsk and Tagil missile formations, re-equipped with the Yars missile system. In addition, this year the delivery of two remote demining vehicles MDR "Foliage" is planned to be delivered to the Teykovskaya Missile Division this year.
The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) are receiving new satellite navigation equipment of geodetic accuracy class. It allows you to determine the planned and height coordinates of points with an accuracy of 1 cm. This is especially important in the geodetic preparation of positional areas of rearmed missile divisions to the Yars complex. Therefore, it was these Strategic Missile Forces units that were among the first to receive modern geodetic equipment. The new equipment is designed not only to improve the accuracy of determining the initial geodetic data, but also to save (several times) the time for their determination. In the units being re-equipped for the Yars complex, the units of the aiming control service and astronomical and geodetic support (KP and AGO) have already prepared positional areas with the help of this equipment. Further field work continues. The service of the KP and AGO of the Strategic Missile Forces regularly monitors the equipment developed and put into service satellite navigation geodetic accuracy class.
In 2014, the Tagil and Novosibirsk divisions continued to re-equip mobile-based Yars complexes. In Tagil, two missile regiments switched to them, in Novosibirsk - one. At the same time, one of the regiments of the Kozelskaya division was equipped with new stationary complexes. By the end of 2014, the Strategic Missile Forces received more than 130 simulators, including those that allow training specialists for the RS-24 Yars missile system.
April 14, 2014 at 10:40 (Moscow time) from the Plesetsk State Test Cosmodrome, a joint combat crew of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) and the Aerospace Defense Forces (VKO) conducted a test launch from a mobile launcher of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) RS-24 "Yars", equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle. The main purpose of the launch is to confirm the reliability of a batch of rockets of a similar class manufactured at the Votkinsk Plant OJSC. Experimental warheads arrived in a given area at the Kura training ground on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The set goals of the launch have been achieved, the tasks have been completed in full.
In 2014-2015, the Strategic Missile Forces will receive 40 mobile and silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) Yars, Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces Sergey Karakayev said at a briefing in December 2014. “In 2014, 16 ICBMs of the Yars missile system were delivered to the troops, including 12 mobile ground-based and 4 silo-based. In 2015, it is planned to supply the troops with 24 ICBMs of the Yars missile system of mobile ground and stationary basing,” Karakayev said.
On December 26, 2014 at 11:02 Moscow time, a joint combat crew of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces conducted a test launch of a solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile RS-24 "Yars" of a mobile ground-based, equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle. The main goals of the launch are to confirm the technical reliability of the missiles of the RS-24 Yars complex, manufactured in 2013-2014, as well as to confirm the combat and operational characteristics of the complex itself. The training warheads of the rocket hit the target at the Kura training ground in Kamchatka with a given accuracy.
In accordance with the schedule for the commissioning of the stationary-based Yars strategic missile system, from March 24, 2015, the third stage of state tests of systems and units of the command post, a unified power supply system, automated system protection. Intersystem adjustment of equipment is carried out in the conditions of a military unit.
On May 9, 2015, as part of the mechanized parade column of the Strategic Missile Forces, 3 autonomous launchers of the Yars mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) of the Teykovo missile formation stationed in the Ivanovo region will pass through Red Square for the first time. Since 2008 personnel and equipment of the Teikovsky missile formation will take part in the military parade on Red Square in Moscow for the fourth time. The total number of drivers participating in the military parade at the Yars PGRK is about 30,000 km. Two launchers of Yars missile systems will participate in the 2015 Victory Parade in Novosibirsk for the first time.
In the summer of 2013, for the creation of the Yars strategic missile system, he was awarded the State Prize for Science and Technology CEO Corporation "Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering" Sergey Nikulin and General Director-General Designer of the Central Design Bureau "Titan" Viktor Shurygin.
ICBM "Yars" together with "Topol-M" in the coming decades will form the basis of the strike force of the Strategic Missile Forces. Generally speaking, four divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces will be armed with RS-24 missiles with a multiple reentry vehicle. This process is calculated until 2025. The Yars ICBM will form the basis of the strike force of the Strategic Missile Forces in the next 30-40 years and will allow Russia to give an immediate and adequate response to the actions of possible aggressors.
There was information that on the basis of "Yars" in Russia they could create new combat railway missile systems that would be used instead of the systems 15P961 "Molodets" decommissioned by the Strategic Missile Forces in 2005. As before, the new strategic equipment will not differ externally from ordinary refrigerated cars.
Earlier, the general designer of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, the chief developer of the rocket, Yuri Solomonov, said that the deployment of Yars missiles at the railway complex is inexpedient and expensive. “Regarding the railway complex, indeed, it could be. Such design work carried out, and it was found inappropriate to develop these works due to the fact that from the point of view of “survivability”, compared to mobile soil complexes, this is the same, ”Solomonov said at a press conference. At the same time, he stressed that "this is a huge amount of money associated not even with the missile system, but with the infrastructure that has been lost over the years."
However, the BZHRK will be created by 2018, and after that, flight design tests will go on for about two years. missiles are not planned.
On the day of the 70th anniversary of the Victory, 3 autonomous launchers (APUs) of the Yars mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) passed through Red Square for the first time. "Yars" of the Teikovsky missile formation, stationed in the Ivanovo region, proceeded on May 9, 2015 as part of a mechanized column of the front crew of the Strategic Missile Forces.
According to the military department, each Yars needed 100 kilograms of paint: 60 kilograms of a protective color for the PGRK itself and 40 kilograms of black for the chassis.
PGRK "Yars" is the most modern strategic missile system of domestic, which is in service with the Strategic Missile Forces. It was created on the basis of the Topol-M complex and differs from the latter in the presence of a multiple warhead with individual targeting warheads.
At the Victory Parade and in its preparation, three autonomous launchers, a vehicle for training APU drivers, a combat duty support vehicle (MOBD) and Tiger vehicles were involved.
The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) received 34 types of weapons from the Yars PGRK, according to the materials of the Ministry of Defense prepared for the Single Day of Acceptance of Military Products in July 2015. "In the interests of the Strategic Missile Forces, military representatives received 34 types of weapons from the Yars mobile ground missile system (PGRK) - mobile launchers, combat duty support vehicles, engineering support and camouflage vehicles, and combat anti-sabotage vehicles," the document says. . According to Deputy Defense Minister Yury Borisov during the acceptance procedure, seven mobile launchers, eight intercontinental ballistic missiles, 19 combat duty support vehicles, two engineering support and camouflage vehicles, and six combat anti-sabotage vehicles were received over the past quarter.
“The indicator of the implementation of the annual plan is about 10 percent,” Borisov said, adding that, taking this into account, the share of the provision of the Strategic Missile Forces modern weapons is 46%.
SINGLE DAY OF ACCEPTANCE OF MILITARY PRODUCTS 07/16/2015 (Transcript)
It is planned to fully re-equip all missile divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces with the Yars and Yars-M mobile ground missile systems with the RS-26 missile in 2021, Colonel-General Viktor Yesin, consultant to the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, said on July 21, 2015. “The entire process of re-equipping all missile divisions armed with the Topol missile system with the Yars mobile missile system and the Yars-M mobile missile system, sometimes called Rubezh with the RS-26 missile, is planned for 2021. It is by this time that the Topol PGRK will be decommissioned,” Esin said. According to him, now 7 missile divisions out of 12 that are part of the Strategic Missile Forces are armed with the Topol missile system. “To date, the Teykovskaya Missile Division has been re-equipped with Topol-M and Yars missile systems. Its rearmament is completed," the general said.
In August 2015, more than 100 officers, warrant officers, contract and conscription servicemen of the next re-equipped missile regiment of the Tagil missile formation of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) began retraining for the newest mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) "Yars" in the 183rd training center, stationed in the Arkhangelsk region.
CHARACTERISTICS
Firing range - intercontinental
Combat equipment - MIRV
Thrown weight 1200 kg;
Length - 21.9 - 22.55 m
Length without head section - 17 m
Length of the 1st stage - 8.04 m
Hull diameter - 1.81 - 1.86 m
Diameter of the 2nd and 3rd steps - 1.58 m
SELF-PROPELLED LAUNCH (SPU):
SPU corresponds to the used SPU "Topol-M"
Chassis - multi-axle MZKT-79221
Wheel formula - 16 x 16
Curb weight - 44000 kg
Load capacity - 80000 kg
Length - approx. 22.7 m
Width - approx. 3.4 m
Height - approx. 3.3 m
Engine - YaMZ-847.10 diesel engine with a power of 800 hp, 4-stroke, 12-cylinder, turbocharged
Maximum speed - 45 km / h
Power reserve - 500 km
ROCKET:
- length 22.0 meters;
– step length 8.0 meters;
- diameter 2 and 3 steps 1.58 meters;
MOBILE MISSILE COMPLEX "YARS" ON THE DAY OF THE VICTORY PARADE 2015
"Yars" is the newest domestic missile system, put into combat operation 5 years ago. Most of the information about the RS-24 Yars missile is still a state secret.
Following the "Topol"
Launch mine RS-24 "Yars"
RS-24 "Yars" is a further development of the subject of mobile ground missile systems, which began to be developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, headed by Academician Yuri Solomonov for many years. The first experience was extremely successful. Its result is well known today - it is the Topol-M complex, which has been an integral part of nuclear parity for more than 20 years.
Like Topol, Yars was created in two versions - mobile and stationary mine. In the plans of the command Russian army gradual replacement (as the service life expires) by Yarsami of the RS-18 and Topol-M complexes in service. In 3 years, the strategic missile group will be replenished with new Sarmat complexes.
Increased power
For each version of the Yars, the corresponding types of missiles have been developed - 15Zh67 for the mobile and 15Zh55M for the mine complex. Both missiles are three-stage solid propellant. Compared to the RS-12M2 (Topol-M) missile, the RS-24 is equipped with a more advanced system for breeding warheads and a modified control system. The missiles of the complex are also constantly located in the transport and launch container.
Thanks to special coatings, the products are reliably protected from the damaging effects of a nuclear explosion and remain invisible to the radar. The autonomy of the rocket in flight is provided by the onboard computer. At the final stage of the flight, the combat units are separated, which, as a result of complex maneuvering, become inaccessible to missile defense systems.
The RS-24 missile strikes enemy strategic targets located 12,000 km away. possible deviation of no more than 150 meters. Possible options combat equipment - 4 blocks of individual guidance of 300 kt or 6 of 150 kt.
Support systems
The mobile version of Yars is mounted on a 15U175M tractor with a multi-axle chassis MZKT-79221. It is equipped with an 800-horsepower YaMZ-847 diesel engine. The mobile launcher is equipped with a navigation system, a communication system, launch control equipment, an autonomous power supply system, a hydraulic leveling system, and a container placement boom.
The tractor has an 18-meter turning radius and can cross a ford more than a meter deep. He moves at a speed of 45 km / h and can make a 500-kilometer march. The length of the rocket is 22 meters, the launch weight is about 47 tons, the weight of the delivered charges is about 1.2 tons.
Bet on a new generation of weapons
At present, 58 RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile systems are deployed in Russian military units. Launches are regularly conducted on training targets with consistently high accuracy. The last successful launch took place on December 26, 2014. It is planned to bring the number of new strategic complexes to 80% by 2016, which, along with Topol-M, also includes Yarsy.
The consistent development of the Topol and Topol-M mobile strategic missile systems led to the creation of the RS-24 Yars complex. The complex was developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. The first test launch of the complex's rocket was made on May 29, 2007. Serial production was launched at the Botkin Machine-Building Plant. The complex will replace on duty complexes with intercontinental ballistic missiles RS-12, RS-18 and RS-20 as their warranty periods expire. The re-equipment of strategic missile troops with Yars missile systems is proceeding at a relatively rapid pace. Reportedly Russian media, until 2025, 4 of the 12 missile divisions in the Strategic Missile Forces will be armed with the RS-24 Yars complexes.
The regiment of mobile complexes "Yars" usually includes two or three missile divisions, each of which has three self-propelled launchers and a mobile command post on the MZKT chassis. The 15P165M stationary missile system includes 10 15Zh67 Yars-M intercontinental ballistic missiles placed in transport and launch containers and installed in silo launchers ShPU 15P765M (converted ShPU 15P735 missiles 15A35), as well as a unified command post (UKP) 15V242 of high security ( located on a suspension in a mine on special depreciation). The mobile ground-based missile system (PGRK) 15P155M includes 9 intercontinental ballistic missiles 15Zh55M mounted on autonomous launchers (APU) 15U175M. Autonomous launcher 15U175M mobile complex consists of a 15Zh55M rocket placed in a high-strength fiberglass transport and launch container (TPK) mounted on an eight-axle MZKT-79221 chassis. The missile regiment (rp) consists of a mobile command post (PKP), three missile divisions (rdn) with 3 APUs each, a total of 9 APUs in the missile regiment, as well as an engineering support and camouflage vehicle (MIOM).
By its design, the RS-24 intercontinental ballistic missile of the Yars complex is generally similar to the RS-12M2 missile of the Topol-M complex and is maximally unified with it, with the exception of the block breeding platform, head fairing, control system and payload. RS-24 is a three-stage solid rocket. Its body is made of high-strength composite material based on aramid fiber. The missile does not have stabilizers for flight control. Their function is performed by the nozzles of the engines of each stage. Nozzles and sockets of nozzle blocks are also made of composite materials. The rocket has an inertial flight control system. All information is processed by the onboard computer system, which can correct the flight, taking into account information from the navigation satellites of the GLONASS system.
for mobile launchers manufactured by the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant and 15Zh55M - for mine launchers (silos). In this regard, it should be noted that silo launchers of UR-100 NUTTH (RS-18B) and RT-23 (RS-22) missiles, which were decommissioned or destroyed in accordance with the START-2 treaty, are used to deploy 15Zh55M missiles. A project has also been developed for the use of silos of R-36M UTTKh (RS-20A) and R-36M2 (RS-20B) missiles. The launch of the RS-24, both mobile and mine-based, is mortar-based, using a powder battery.
Specifications PC-24 "Yars"
