Rocket complex "Yars" - crossing the Oka. Shield for Yars: Russia will increase the survivability of missile systems with ICBMs

Rocket troops strategic purpose tested on Wednesday a solid-propellant ballistic missile of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT), in the development of which elements of the latest PC-24 Yars missile system (created on the basis of the Topol-M RS-12M2 missile) were used.

As a source in the military-industrial complex (OPK) told Izvestia, over time, a new missile system can replace Yarsy and Topol, although it has significant design differences from them.

The rocket is different, it is larger than the Yars, and the difference can be seen with the naked eye. She has a different diameter, a different mass. At the same time, some elements and systems were borrowed from the Yars,” the source of Izvestia explained, emphasizing that the parameters of the rocket, including the name, were classified for at least the next six months.

According to a representative of the defense industry complex, a new wheeled chassis was developed specifically for the new missile in Belarus. It differs from the MZKT-79221 chassis, on which Yars and Topol-M are based, although it was also produced at the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant. The source did not specify what the differences are, referring to the closed nature of the data.

By the number of axles or the size of the wheels, you can calculate the weight of the rocket, and knowing the weight - its characteristics, - the interlocutor of Izvestia explained the reason for such secrecy.

But the main differences are inside. The rocket uses a new fuel that is more efficient than the mixed fuel of Yars and Topols. AT federal center Soyuz dual technologies, where fuel for the new rocket was produced, were explained to Izvestia that this was not about a fundamentally different composition of substances, but about improving their quality.

Improvements in the parameters were achieved due to the modernization of the technology for the production of fuel components and the improvement of their quality. Unfortunately, nothing breakthrough in this direction can be achieved now, as it was at the beginning of the creation of solid fuel, therefore we are improving what we have, - the Soyuz representative explained, also refusing to specify the increase in power.

Now, most solid rockets use metal (aluminum, magnesium, etc.) as a fuel, which burns in an oxidizing agent (ammonium perchloride, ammonium dinitramide, etc.).

Colonel-General Viktor Yesin, the former chief of the Main Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation (RVSN), explained to Izvestia that due to the new fuel, the active phase of the missile's flight will be shorter, due to this it will be able to more effectively overcome US and NATO missile defense systems and can be considered in as Russia's response to the creation of a global missile defense system.

The less the engine works, the more difficult it is to detect the rocket, - Esin explained.

This is not a breakthrough, but certainly a step forward, - explained Esin.

At the same time, Vladimir Dvorkin expressed confidence that the new complex would not become "the killer of the Yars and Topols."

There can be no question of any replacement for Topol and Yars. It makes no sense to do this, because Topol and Yars are new missiles, and developing a replacement for them is absurd. No one will change missiles that have a very long service life, Dvorkin expressed confidence.

At the same time, he added that something concrete about this rocket could be said only when its main characteristics were known. Dvorkin noted that Russia was supposed to transfer the launch parameters to the United States as part of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START).

Another representative of the OPK told Izvestia that the new missile is almost identical in terms of weight and size to the Topol and Yars.

To launch in Plesetsk, a slightly modernized launcher from Yars was used. In principle, the new missile, apparently, will be compatible with the old installations, although, of course, solutions for electronics, control systems and other systems will change, and the launcher may have to be significantly redone, ”Izvestia’s interlocutor explained.

At the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT), where the rocket was designed, Izvestia was told that the development was "stamped" and they could not talk about it until the "Secret" stamp was removed. The same was answered at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, where the rocket itself was built.

Even the name of this rocket is classified. It cannot be pronounced. But this is not "Yars" and not "Vanguard", - said the representative of one of the enterprises.

Earlier, Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov called the promising missile, which is being developed by MIT, Avangard. According to experts, it is a development of the Yars project, which, in turn, is a direct descendant of the famous Topols - the RS-12M Topol and RS-12M2 Topol-M missile systems. A similar technology is used to produce the Bulava naval missile, which was developed on the basis of the Topol.

According to the Strategic Missile Forces, the rocket was launched on Wednesday morning from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, and less than half an hour later the dummy warhead fell into a given area of ​​the Kura test site in Kamchatka.

The training combat unit arrived in a given area at the Kura training ground on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The set goals of the launch have been achieved, - Izvestia was told in the press service of the Strategic Missile Forces immediately after the launch.

According to the Strategic Missile Forces, the main goals and objectives of the launch were "obtaining experimental data to confirm the correctness of the scientific, technical and technological solutions adopted in the development of ICBMs", as well as "checking the performance and determining specifications systems and assemblies" missiles.

What is this data, about what characteristics and systems in question, the Strategic Missile Forces refused to clarify. At the same time, they noted that the new missile is being created "with the maximum use and development of existing new groundwork and technological solutions obtained in the development of fifth-generation missile systems," which confirms the data from sources about the unification of the new missile with Yars, Topol "and" Mace.

DATA FOR 2019 (standard replenishment)

Complex RS-24 "Yars" / "Topol-MR" / "Universal" - SS-X-29
Complex RS-24 "Yars" / 15P155M, missile RS-12M2R / 15Zh55M (APU) - SS-29 / SS-27 mod.2 SICKLE-B
Complex RS-24 "Yars-M" / 15P165M,missile RS-12M2R / 15ZH65M (ShPU) - SS-29 / SS-27 mod.3 SICKLE-C

Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) / mobile ground missile system (PGRK). The complex and the rocket were developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT) based on the ICBM, chief designer- Y. Solomonov. The development of the Topol-M / RT-2PM2 ICBM using only Russian technologies began in March 1992. The decree of the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin on the creation of the Topol-M missile system (with development options) was issued on February 27, 1993. The first test launch of the 15Zh55M missile was made on May 29, 2007 from a mobile launcher at the Plesetsk training ground. In 2009, the Central Design Bureau "Titan" created the first copies of the starting units of the Yars complex (). The missiles of the complex are manufactured at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant (Votkinsk). According to media reports (2010), the RS-24 missiles will be replaced on duty by the RS-18 and RS-20 ICBMs as their warranty periods expire. In January 2010, it was announced that the state tests of the complex would be completed before the end of 2010, or after the 4th and 5th launches. Since 2012, only the RS-24 Yars ICBMs are planned to remain in mass production. In 2011, it was planned to make 3 test launches of Yars ICBMs (media reports from December 2010).

Deployment complexes "Yars" began in December 2009 after the adoption of the Strategic Missile Forces complex for "experimental combat duty"as part of one missile division of the Teikovskaya regiment of the 54th Guards Missile Division of the 27th Guards Missile Army of the Strategic Missile Forces (based - Krasnye Sosenki, 3 complexes). On November 30, 2010, the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, General S. mobile systems with single-block missiles "Topol-M" on mobile systems with missiles with MIRV "Yars". In December 2010, the second division of "Yars" complexes (3 SPUs) entered service with the Teykovskaya Missile Division. March 4, 2011 announced that the first missile regiment with the RS-24 "Yars" ICBM took up combat duty in the Strategic Missile Forces as part of the Teykovskaya division. In total, the regiment has 6 RS-24 complexes.

All data on the complex are conjectural in nature and are taken from open sources and media. The list of sources is attached. Rocket indices 15Zh55M or 15Zh65M are hypothetical.

APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with 15ZH55M ICBMs at the ICBM demonstration to journalists in the Teykovskaya division on November 29, 2011. (photo - Sergey Pyatakov, http://visualrian.ru/).

One of the versions - the RS-24 missile is a variant of the 15Zh65 missile of the RT-2PM2 "Topol-M" complex with a new type of warhead breeding platform (presumably - ROC "Topol-MR" - ist. - JSC "Corporation..."). The 15ZH65 missile was developed jointly by MIT and Yuzhnoye Design Bureau by decision of the USSR Military Industrial Complex No. 323 dated 09/09/1989 on the subject of research "Universal" until the end of 1991 in two versions - a missile with a breeding platform for unguided warheads with a solid propellant rocket engine and without a set of tools overcoming (KSP) missile defense was developed by MIT (mobile missile system), and a similar missile with a platform for breeding warheads with a monopropellant liquid engine and with a missile defense missile system was developed by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk, silo missile system 15P065). The development of the 1st stage, a variant of the AP breeding platform and the nose fairing of the missile was carried out by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, the development of the 2nd and 3rd stages, the instrument compartment, its own version of the AP breeding platform and the unguided warhead was carried out by MIT. The first flight model of the 1L variant of the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau rocket was ready for testing at the Plesetsk test site in December 1991. The launch of the rocket to the test site was canceled by the decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Strategic Missile Forces. In 1992, after the appeal of the General Designer of the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, S.N. Konyukhov, to the President of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin, a meeting was convened to discuss the continuation of the joint development of ICBMs. The decision was not made, and in April 1992, the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau stopped participating in the development of the rocket. After that, the developments on the RT-2PM2 variant with the missile defense missile defense system and the mono-propellant engine of the breeding platform were transferred from the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau to the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. 1L rocket sample handed over to Russia on January 15, 1995

ICBM launches RS-24 "Yars":

No. pp	the date	Polygon	PU type	Rocket	Description
01	May 29, 2007	Plesetsk	APU
02	December 25, 2007	Plesetsk	APU		Successful launch from APU at the Kura test site (Kamchatka)
03	November 26, 2008	Plesetsk	APU		Successful launch from APU at the Kura test site (Kamchatka)
	2011 (planned)	Plesetsk
04	December 24, 2013	Plesetsk	silos	15ZH65M	After a long break (13 years), a successful launch from the silo at the Kura test site (Kamchatka) was carried out from the starting position Plesetsk "Yuzhnaya-2". Rocket 15ZH65M with MIRV IN ()
05	04/14/2014 at 10-40 Moscow time	Plesetsk	APU		Successful launch of a missile with MIRV with APU at the Kura test site in Kamchatka. The main task of the launch is to confirm the reliability of a batch of missiles manufactured at Votkinsky Zavod OJSC ()
06	December 26, 2014 at 11-02 Moscow time	Plesetsk	APU		Successful launch of a missile with MIRV from the APU at the Kura test site in Kamchatka. The main task of the launch is to confirm the reliability of a batch of missiles manufactured at JSC "Votkinsky Zavod" in 2013-2014. and confirmation of the performance characteristics of the complex ().
07	October 28, 2015 at 14-30 Moscow time	Plesetsk	silos	15ZH65M	Successful launch of a missile with MIRV from a silo at the Kura test site (Kamchatka). The launch was carried out to confirm the reliability of a batch of missiles ()
	2016-2017				According to the Ministry of Defense of Russia for 2016-2017. planned to conduct 3 launches of Yars ICBMs. The insured amount of one launch is 180 million rubles.
08	09/12/2017	Plesetsk	silos	15ZH65M	Successful launch of a missile with MIRV from a silo at the Kura range (Kamchatka) with "experimental warheads". The launch was carried out to confirm the reliability of a batch of missiles ()
09	09/20/2017	Plesetsk	APU		Successful launch of a missile with MIRV with APU at the Kura test site in Kamchatka. The main task of the launch is to confirm the reliability of a batch of rockets manufactured at the Votkinsk Plant OJSC. The launch was carried out by the crew of the Yoshkar-Ola missile formation - the procedure for redeploying the launch battery of the Yars PGRK to a remote area with the preparation and conduct of the launch () was worked out.
10	06/22/2018	Plesetsk	silos	15ZH65M	Presumably on this date, the launch of the RS-24 Yars ICBM was carried out from the Plesetsk test site, which was announced by the management of Roscosmos in 2018 at the end of the year (). According to another, the launch at the Kura test site was carried out by a 15Zh65M rocket and was unsuccessful.

On July 6, 2011, in an interview with the media, Yuri Solomonov stated that as of July 2011, there was no contract on the state defense order for 2011 for the production of Yars missiles and any other ICBMs. Earlier, the media announced the completion of the recruitment of the first regiment of the Yars ICBM and the beginning of training of personnel of the second regiment of the Yars ICBM of the Teikovsky missile formation. On August 3, 2011, the third division of the Yars complexes took up combat duty as part of the regiment of the Yars complexes of the Teykov missile division. Thus, the first full-time three-divisional regiment of the Yars ICBM was formed. On September 27, 2011, information appeared on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense that by the end of 2011, the second regiment of the Yars ICBM would take up combat duty in the Teikovsky division of the Strategic Missile Forces. And, finally, on December 7, 2011, the second missile regiment of the Yars complexes was put on experimental combat duty in the Teykovskaya missile division, as part of the mobile command post of the regiment and one missile division. Another battalion of this regiment (2 or 3 APUs?) is expected to be placed on combat duty by the end of 2011. The complete rearmament of the regiment to the Yars complexes will be completed in 2012 (completed in September 2012). In 2012, work will begin on the rearmament of the Novosibirsk and Kozelsky missile formations to the same complex. Moreover, in the last of them, the deployment of the Yars complexes will be carried out in mine version(planned to start in 2014). In the future, it is planned to re-equip a number of missile formations with the Yars missile system.

On December 26, 2013, information was released that a new silo missile system was being put on duty - probably, it was about the decision to adopt the silo-based Yars ICBM complex into service with the Strategic Missile Forces. Presumably the new missile system is called Yars-M.

On December 19, 2011 it was announced that by the end of 2012 one regiment of the missile division of the Strategic Missile Forces in Pashino (Novosibirsk) would be re-equipped with Yars ICBMs. On 11/20/2012, also in the media, the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel-General Sergey Karakaev, said that in December 2012 the sixth regiment of the Tatishchevskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces would be re-equipped with Topol-M ICBM complexes, and during 2013 units of three more divisions will be re-equipped with the Yars and Topol-M complexes (Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and Kozelskaya - the latter with the installation of mine versions of the Yars ICBM). Preparations for the re-equipment of divisions in Novosibirsk and Kaluga (Kozelskaya) began in 2012.

On August 19, 2014, the media reported that by the end of 2014, the first complex with 4 silos and a unified command post of the mine version of the Yars complex would take up combat duty in the Kozelskaya division. As of August 2014, 2 missiles were loaded into the silo and autonomous tests of the systems of the complex were carried out.

During 2011, the MIT Corporation carried out technical re-equipment for serial production and testing of components of the Topol-MR / Yars complex (Agreement with Roscosmos No. 902-D162 / 11 dated 05.09. .0 million rubles). Also JSC "Corporation" MIT ", Bank" Vnesheconombank "and VTB Bank with the participation of the Government of Russia reached an agreement on the provision in 2011-2014. Money in accordance with the state contract for the supply of the Yars product in the amount of 48,100,000 thousand rubles.
On years:
2011 - 10,900,000 thousand rubles
2012 - 11,700,000 thousand rubles
2013 - 12,400,000 thousand rubles
2014 - 13,100,000 thousand rubles
(ist. - JSC "Corporation...").

In September 2012, it was publicly announced that a decision had been made to develop a modernized version of the Yars-M complex ().

System combat control :
On September 19, 2013, the start of the modernization of the combat control system for ICBM launches of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia to the 5th generation system is announced. With the adoption of the ICBM "Yars" in the Strategic Missile Forces, a 4th generation combat control system appeared, which significantly increased the range and probability of bringing orders to the APU of the ICBM through the use of new means of communication. The use of advanced mobile control posts will ensure sustainable, continuous and operational control nuclear weapons taking into account the features combat use both existing and prospective strategic missile systems in real time. The adoption and equipping of the re-equipped formations of the Strategic Missile Forces with a new automated combat control system (ASBU) will allow in the future to proceed with the modernization of existing stationary control posts. Along with this, starting from 2016, the Strategic Missile Forces, in cooperation with industry, plan to introduce links of the fifth-generation integrated automated combat control system. It is based on a digital transmission of combat orders. The system will make it possible to carry out operational retargeting of missiles, as well as to provide solutions for the tasks of information support and management of the daily activities of the command of the Strategic Missile Forces, formations and formations. The collection of reports will be provided by wire, radio and satellite communication channels, which have the necessary survivability and noise immunity. The latest ASBUs provide for bringing combat control orders directly to launchers, bypassing intermediate links, including under conditions of nuclear exposure and electronic suppression ().

The regiment of silo-based ICBM 15Zh65M "Yars-M" is controlled by a command complex - unit 15V242 - located in a converted mine of the "OS" type. In the Kozelsky missile formation (division), the first regimental complex 15V242 was installed instead of the dismantled outdated similar complex after the conversion of the mine. Re-equipment and installation were carried out by FSUE "GUSST No. 5 at Spetsstroy of Russia" at least from the beginning of 2013. The installation of a unified KP (UKP) in the mine was carried out on March 18-19, 2014 ( , ).

Installation of a unified command post of the silo-based 15V242 Yars-M ICBM complex in the missile regiment of the Kozelskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces, March 18-19, 2014 (http://gusst5.ru/).

Launcher:
- Rocket 15Zh55M, complex 15P155M "Yars"- mobile APU (autonomous) 15U175M on a multi-axle chassis MZKT-79221 (Minsk, series since 2000), similar to the APU of the Topol-M complex. Perhaps a modification of the silo-based complex will be developed. APU topographic location is carried out at any point of the patrol route automatically using an inertial navigation system with satellite correction. Presumably, the topographic location system of the Yars APU differs from the similar system of the Topol-M ICBM APU. The APU equipment includes:
- a navigation system with a complex for recalculating flight tasks to ensure launch from any point on the patrol route;
- a set of communication facilities that provides guaranteed reception of combat control signals from the VZU and the transmission of reports on the state of the APU;
- a set of equipment for combat control of the launch;
- autonomous power supply system (diesel generator);
- artillery unit (boom) to accommodate the TPK and bring it ready for launch;
- an appropriate hydraulic system to ensure the leveling of the APU and lifting the boom;
- appropriate equipment (system) to ensure the necessary temperature and humidity conditions (TVR) in the TPK and ground equipment compartments;
- ground control system (equipment for preparation, start-up and control of the state of the APU equipment);
- aiming system with automatic gyrocompass (AGK);

Presumably the APU 15U175M of the Yars complex, shown under the guise of the APU of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" complex at the parade in Moscow, the photo was taken during the rehearsal of the parade in Moscow, May 04, 2010 (photo - Goodvint, http ://en.wikipedia.org).

APU complex RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" with TPK ICBM "Yars" during the rehearsal of the parade in Moscow, 04/26/2011 (photo - Vitaly Kuzmin, http://vitalykuzmin.net/).

APU of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" complex with a TPK ICBM "Yars" during a parade rehearsal in Moscow, 04/26/2011. It was previously believed that this was the APU "Yars" (photo - Vitaly Kuzmin, http:/ /vitalykuzmin.net/).

APU of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" complex with TPK ICBM "Yars" during a parade rehearsal in Moscow, 04/26/2011 Andrey Kryuchenko, http://a-andreich.livejournal.com).

APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with 15Zh55M ICBMs at the ICBM demonstration to journalists in the Teykovskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces, 09/22/2011. (photo by Andrey Smirnov, http://www.epochtimes.ru).

APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with 15Zh55M ICBMs at the ICBM demonstration to journalists in the Teykovskaya division on 09/22/2011. (http://www.mil.ru).

APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with ICBM 15Zh55M, 54th Teykovskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces, 22.09.2011 (http://muxel.aero).

APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with 15Zh55M ICBMs, 54th Teykovskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces, 11/29/2011. (http://militaryphotos.net).

Chassis MZKT-79221 before the parade in honor of the Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus in Minsk, publication 07/01/2013 (http://www.vpk.gov.by via http://autocatalogue.livejournal.com).

TTX SPU on the MZKT-79221 chassis:
Start type - mortar using PAD
Wheel formula - 16 x 16
Engine - YaMZ-847.10 diesel engine with a power of 800 hp, 4-stroke, 12-cylinder, turbocharged
Length - approx. 22.7 m
Width - approx. 3.4 m
Height - approx. 3.3 m
Ground clearance - 475 mm
Turning radius - 18 m
Ford - 1.1 m
Tires with adjustable pressure 1600x600-685 model VI-178A / AU
Curb weight - 44000 kg
Load capacity - 80000 kg
Tank volume - 825 l
Maximum speed - 45 km / h
Power reserve - 500 km



- Rocket 15ZH65M, complex 15P165M "Yars-M"- mine launcher - type "OS" ("separate start") 15P765M (). Probably, during the deployment, the complex will be installed in the mines of missiles of the RT-2PM2, RS-18 and RS-20 types. The first launch of the mine version of the Yars rocket was made from the Plesetsk test site on December 24, 2013.

The head of the silo type 15P765 / 15P765M at the Plesetsk training ground, shots of the launch of the Topol-M ICBM on 11/01/2014 (RVSN of the Russian Armed Forces).

Rocket RS-24 /15ZH55M (APU) and 15ZH65M (ShPU):
Design- number of steps - 3 pcs. The design is similar to the design of the RS-12M2 rocket of the Topol-M complex, with the exception of the warhead breeding platform, possibly part of the control system and payload. The missile is put into operation in the TPK, in which the entire period of operation is located. A special coating is applied to the rocket body and instrument compartment to reduce the impact of damaging factors of a nuclear explosion, as well as other types of impact.

Launch of the RS-24 "Yars" ICBM from the silo on 28.10.2015, Plesetsk (montage of video footage of the launch recording, http://mil.ru).

Rocket RS-24 "Yars" SS-X-29, tentative projections (c) site based on illustrative material of State Design Bureau "Yuzhnoye" (Ukraine).

The body of the ICBM 15Zh55M "Yars" warhead breeding platform in the workshop of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Shown by the media on March 21, 2011 ().

Control system and guidance- an autonomous inertial control system using an on-board computer, possibly with astro-correction. The developer of the control system (probably) Scientific and Production Center for Automation and Instrumentation named after academician N.A. Pilyugin (Moscow), chief designers - V. Lapygin and Yu. Trunov. The active part of the trajectory is shortened. To reduce the velocity spread at the end of the 3rd stage, a missile turn maneuver is probably used in the direction of zero range increment until the 3rd stage fuel is completely exhausted. The instrument compartment of the rocket is airtight. The missile can perform a programmatic maneuver at the start to pass the nuclear explosion cloud of the attacking ballistic missiles.

AGK APU complex RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" with TPK ICBM "Yars" during the parade in Moscow, 05/09/2012 (photo from the Boaz Guttman archive, http://www.flickr.com).

During test launches, the RS-24 missiles can be equipped with a telemetry system - the receiver-indicator of T-737 Triada satellite navigation systems. The T-737 system includes:

Component	Name	Dimensions	Weight	Note
Receiver	block PVU-T	174 x 160 x 69mm	1.3 kg	with two independent antenna inputs
Antenna devices	AU blocks			installed from 2 to 4 pieces in order to avoid antenna shielding during rocket evolutions
Interface block	block OPSK	174 x 160 x 34mm	0.65 kg
Antenna switch	block AK-2M			optional
Autonomous power supply	AIP block	100 x 56 x 35 mm	0.2 kg	optionally, dimensions and weight from a similar unit of the S-737 system
RF communication cables				optional

Flight tests of the T-737 system began on Topol (since 2004), Bulava (since 2005), Start (since 2006), Topol-E and Yars (since 2007). It was planned to start using the system on the Topol-M rocket in 2009. When the rocket is launched underwater, the first results of navigation measurements are issued no later than 15 seconds after the detection of navigation satellites.
The missile is equipped with a set of anti-missile defense systems. On November 1, 2005, by launching the Topol ICBM with a standard SPU from the Kapustin Yar test site towards the Sary-Shagan test site, flight tests of a single warhead breeding platform, new means of overcoming missile defense and single warheads for ICBMs and SLBMs "" began. On April 22, 2006, the second launch took place as part of the testing of the platform and blocks - the Strategic Missile Forces launched a rocket from the Kapustin Yar test site. The warhead breeding platform is designed to deliver 6 MIRVs. The platform has the ability to perform trajectory maneuvers that make it difficult for the enemy to solve missile defense problems. In 2006, General Designer of MIT Yu. Solomonov stated that tests of a new single breeding platform and a single combat unit should be completed in 2008. The third launch within the program of testing new warheads and platform was made on 05.12.2010 from the Kapustin Yar ICBM "Topol" range at the Sary-Shagan range.

According to the statement of Yu.V. Solomonov dated 01/27/2011 for the media, in 2010 the development of a "new type of combat equipment was completed, which is the result of integrating ballistic-type combat equipment with individual means of breeding it instead of the so-called" bus "on combat missiles." Probably, the tests on December 05, 2010 were successful. Adapting the development to existing missile systems will require several years of testing, which will be conducted using the experimental Topol-E rocket.

Engines: development of mixed solid fuel - FSUE FTsDT "Soyuz" (NPO, Dzerzhinsk)
.
Stage 1 - solid propellant solid propellant rocket engine. Engine development - NPO Iskra (Perm), chief designer of the nozzle block (presumably by analogy with the Topol-M ICBM) Sokolovsky M.I. Possibly, fuel of the T-9BK-8E type or similar developed by NPO Soyuz (Dzerzhinsk). Fiberglass housing 15C51 is integral part the propulsion system of the first stage of the rocket and, as of 2011, is mass-produced by Avangard OJSC (Safronovo, ).

Stage 2 - solid propellant solid propellant, probably with a sliding nozzle nozzle. Developments, probably MIT. Perhaps fuel type "Start" or similar NPO "Soyuz" (Dzerzhinsk).

Stage 3 - solid propellant solid propellant, probably with a sliding nozzle nozzle. Developments, probably MIT. Possibly, fuel type AP-65 or similar NPO "Soyuz" (Dzerzhinsk).

There is a possibility that in order to reduce the time of the active section of the trajectory (AUT), the extension of the nozzle nozzles of the 2nd and 3rd stages occurs in the "hot" mode by the products of the stage engines. A similar technology was developed in the 1980s by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk) for the Krechet air missile system and other systems.

Warhead breeding platform - possibly a mono-fuel engine or solid propellant rocket engine or several low-thrust rocket engines. There was information in the media about the use of a "unique variable thrust engine". Development of a fuel charge - NPO "Soyuz" (Dzerzhinsk).

There is a possibility that at the stage of disengagement of warheads, a liquid monopropellant propulsion system is used, similar to that developed in the late 1980s by the Yuzhnoye design bureau (Dnepropetrovsk) for the Krechet aviation missile system, the Topol-M ICBM (breeding block combat stages of the 15Zh65 KB Yuzhnoye missile variant. Such a remote control provides two modes of operation of the main engine of the stage with deep throttling (30 times) of the high-thrust engine chamber, which reduces the gas-dynamic effect on the detachable warheads. "pull" scheme.
Fuel type - PRONIT
Thrust of the high thrust engine - 300 kg (in the void)
Thrust thruster - 3 / 6 kg (in the void)

Solid-propellant engine 15D161 of the "combat unit" (most likely - the stages of breeding warheads) ICBM RS-20V "Voevoda" - SS-18 SATAN. Museum of the Strategic Missile Forces, Pervomaisk, Ukraine (photo from the Salo archive, http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru).

TTX missiles and complex:
Length - 21.9 - 22.55 m (estimated)
Length without head section - 17 m
Length of the 1st stage - 8.04 m
Hull diameter - 1.81 / 1.86 m (according to various sources)
Diameter of the 2nd and 3rd steps - 1.58 m (estimated)

Starting weight - 46500-47200 kg (estimated)
Cast weight - 1180-1250 kg (estimated)

Range - up to 11000-12000 km
KVO - 150 m (estimated)

OUT time - 2.5-3.5 minutes (estimated)

Warranty period - 15 years ()

Combat equipment:
- 4 MIRVs with warheads with thermonuclear charges with a capacity of 150-300 kt developed by RFNC-VNIIEF (according to). Presumably, such equipment complies with international agreements on START.

6 MIRVs of the same type (with SLBMs "") with a capacity of about 150 kt, presumably and in the future.

6-10 MIRVs with a capacity of 150-300 kt each - information circulated in the media in 2007-2009. - most likely not true.

Maneuverable controlled warhead (blocks) - in the future - perhaps, the development of a warhead similar to the warhead developed in the 1980s by NPO Mashinostroeniya on the subject of research "Albatross" is underway.

The anti-missile defense system (PCB) was probably created on the basis of the Sura missile defense system, which, in turn, was developed using the developments from the Universal research project of MIT and Yuzhnoye Design Bureau. The PCB includes active and passive decoys, means of distorting the characteristics of warheads, possibly heavy decoys are used - warhead simulators.

Organizational structure:
The missile division of the mobile version includes 3 SPU complexes and a mobile command post on the MZKT chassis.

Escort vehicle for the Yars and RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 Topol-M ICBM systems during a parade rehearsal in Moscow, 04/26/2011 (photo - Vitaly Kuzmin, http://vitalykuzmin.net/).

Modifications:
- Research work "Universal" - research work on the creation of ICBMs MIT and Design Bureau "Yuzhnoye", launched in 1991

ROC "Topol-MR" / "Yars" - ROC MIT on the creation of PGRK with ICBM "Topol-M" with MIRV and, probably, a new breeding platform for BB.

Complex RS-24 "Yars", APU 15U175M, missile 15ZH55M - PGRK with ICBM "Yars".

Complex RS-24 "Yars" / "Yars-M" (the second with the same name), silo, missile 15ZH65M - mine version of the complex with ICBM "Yars". First launch - 12/24/2013

Complex "Yars-M" (the first with such a name) - in September 2012, it was publicly announced that a decision had been made to develop a modernized version of the Yars-M complex. Probably, we are talking about a version of a missile for silos or a missile made without the use of imported (Ukrainian) components.

Modernized complex "Yars" PGRK and silos with ICBMs with increased capabilities to overcome missile defense systems, modernization was carried out in 2015 (). Clarification of information and its interpretation is required.

Status: USSR / Russia
- December 1991 - readiness for flight tests of the first flight copy of the 1L rocket prototype on the subject of research work "Universal" (Design Bureau "Yuzhnoye" together with MIT). Tests have not been carried out.

2007 May 29 - the first launch of the RS-24 rocket from the Plesetsk test site at the Kura test site (Kamchatka).
- 2007 December 25 - the second launch of the RS-24 rocket from the Plesetsk test site at the Kura test site (Kamchatka).

November 26, 2008 - the third launch of the RS-24 rocket from the Plesetsk test site at the Kura test site (Kamchatka).

December 2009 - the complex was adopted by the Strategic Missile Forces for "experimental combat duty" as part of one missile division of the Teykovskaya regiment of the 54th Guards Missile Division of the 27th Guards Missile Army of the Strategic Missile Forces (based - Krasnye Sosenki, 3 complexes).

July 2010 - 3 Yars complexes with missiles of 3 MIRVs each = one missile division as part of the Teykov missile division of the Strategic Missile Forces (SMI).

Presumably, the APU of the Yars complex in the Teykovskaya missile division, probably summer-autumn 2010 (http://www.mil.ru).

- November 30, 2010 - Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, General S. Karakaev, said that the Strategic Missile Forces will gradually be re-equipped with mobile systems with single-block missiles "Topol-M" on mobile systems with missiles with MIRVs "Yars".

December 17, 2010 - Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Lieutenant-General S. Karakaev, announced that the second division of the Yars complexes (3 SPUs) entered service with the Teykov missile division in December 2010.

March 4, 2011 - the first missile regiment with RS-24 ICBMs took up combat duty in the Strategic Missile Forces. The regiment of the Teykovskaya missile division included 2 missile battalions of RS-24 ICBMs delivered to the Strategic Missile Forces in 2009-2010. In total, the regiment has 6 RS-24 complexes.

- 2011 April 26 - in the rehearsal of the Victory Parade in Moscow, the APU of the Yars complex took part under the guise of the APU of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 Topol-M complex. With a caveat: if we correctly identified the APU of the Yars complex.

July 6, 2011 - in an interview with the media, Yuri Solomonov said that as of July 2011 there is no contract for the state defense order for 2011 for the production of Yars missiles and any other ICBMs. Earlier, the media announced the completion of the recruitment of the first regiment of the Yars ICBM and the beginning of training of personnel of the second regiment of the Yars ICBM of the Teikovsky missile formation.

August 5, 2011 - the third division of the Yars complexes took up combat duty as part of the regiment of the Yars complexes of the Teykov missile division. Thus, the first three-divisional regiment of Yars ICBMs on autonomous launchers was formed.

2011 end of August - the Ministry of Defense and the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering signed three contracts for the supply of strategic missile systems RS-24 "Yars" and.

September 27, 2011 - information appeared on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense that by the end of 2011, the second regiment of the Yars ICBM will take up combat duty in the Teykovskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces.

September 27, 2011 - the first launch of the "prototype of the new ICBM" was made at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. After the launch, the rocket fell 8 km from the launch pad. There are no casualties or destruction. The failure occurred at the stage of operation of the 1st stage of the ICBM. Other more detailed information no for this launch. Presumably, the launch was identified as the first launch of the ICBM "". But it is also reported in the media that the new combat equipment of the RS-24 Yars type ICBM may have been tested on this missile.

December 7, 2011 - in the Teykovskaya missile division, the second missile regiment of the Yars complexes was put on experimental combat duty as part of the mobile command post of the regiment and one missile division (2 or 3 APUs). One more division of this regiment (2 or 3 APUs) is expected to be put on combat duty until the end of 2011. The complete re-equipment of the regiment with the Yars complexes will be completed in 2012. In 2012, work will begin on re-equipping the Novosibirsk and Kozelsk missile formations with the same complex. Moreover, in the last of them, the deployment of the Yars complexes will be carried out in a mine version. In the future, it is planned to re-equip a number of missile formations with the Yars missile system.

December 19, 2011 - it was announced on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense that by the end of 2012 one regiment of the Strategic Missile Forces division in Pashino (Novosibirsk) will be re-equipped with ICBMs of the Yars complexes.

December 28, 2011 - the second missile regiment with Yars complexes was put on combat duty as part of the Teykovskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces. The regiment is understaffed completely and includes this moment command post of the regiment and two missile divisions of the Yars complexes.

April 4, 2013 - RIA Novosti, citing the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel-General Sergei Karakaev, reports that the divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces in Teikovo and Tatishchevo have already been re-equipped with the Yars and Topol-M complexes. In 2013, it is planned to re-equip the regiments of three more divisions. It is also reported that by the end of 2013 the Strategic Missile Forces will receive the first missile of the Yars-M complex, the adoption of which is also planned for 2013. News that Yars-M, compared to its predecessor, will have a more advanced combat control system ().

October 5, 2013 - the Novosibirsk missile formation (p. Pashino / Gavrdeyskoye) receives the first APUs of the Yars missile systems, the press service of the Russian Ministry of Defense reports. Later it became known that the arrival of the first APU was delayed by 2 weeks. At least 2 APUs have been delivered.

Receipt of APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex in Pashino, Novosibirsk (05.10.2013, TV footage).

- November 27, 2013 - Media reports that in 2014 the Strategic Missile Forces will receive 22 Yars mobile and silo missiles. Earlier, the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel-General Sergei Karakaev, reported that in 2013 work would continue on the rearmament of the Novosibirsk and Kozelsk formations with new missile systems, and the rearmament of the first missile regiment of the Tagil formation had begun. In addition, according to him, during 2013, preparatory work will be carried out to rearm the Irkutsk and Yasnensky missile formations.

December 17, 2013 - Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel General Sergei Karakaev, told the media that by the end of 2013, 15 Yars ICBMs would be put on combat duty in missile formations in Novosibirsk and Nizhny Tagil. Moreover, in Novosibirsk, one regiment was re-equipped with Yarsy, and two in Nizhny Tagil.

December 24, 2013 - from the Plesetsk test site to the Kura test site in Kamchatka at 11:00 Moscow time, a silo version of the Yars ICBM with MIRV was successfully launched. The launch was successful, and since 2014, the mine "Yars" are planned to be deployed in the Kozelsk missile formation.

The launch of the RS-24 Yars missile from the APU at the Plesetsk training ground on September 20, 2017 (video footage from the Russian Ministry of Defense).

The number of RS-24 ICBMs in the RSVN:

Year	Admission	TOTAL	Note
2009	3	3	One missile battalion as part of the 54th Guards Teykovskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces entered experimental combat duty in December 2009.
2010	0	3	As of July and until the end of the year, replenishment is possible in December 2010.
2010	3	6	12/17/2010, one division entered the 54th Guards Teikovsky division in December 2010.
2011 august	3	9	Entry into combat duty of a full-time three-divisional regiment from 08/05/2011
December 2011	6	15	On September 27, 2011, information appeared on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense that by the end of 2011, the second regiment of Yars ICBMs would take up combat duty in the Teikov division of the Strategic Missile Forces, on December 28, 2011, the second regiment, consisting of two divisions, took up combat duty .
2012	9-12 ?	27	It is planned to re-equip one regiment of the missile division in Pashino (Novosibirsk) and start placing complexes in the silo in the Kozelskaya missile division
2013	15 (1 missile regiment and 2 divisions)	42	APUs entered the Novosibirsk Missile Division (Pashino) and the 42nd Missile Division (Nizhny Tagil). In just a year, the Strategic Missile Forces re-equipped one missile regiment and two missile divisions with the Yars complexes ().
2014	16 (1 regiment and 4 divisions)	58	The plans were announced by the Minister of Defense of Russia, General Sergei Shoigu, on December 10, 2013. ICBMs with silos are planned to be deployed in the Kozelsky missile formation. On August 19, 2014, 2 missiles were deployed in the silo in the Kozelskaya division, by the end of the year it is planned to take 4 missiles and a unified command post (one complex) on combat duty. In October 2014, the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces told the media that since the beginning of the year, 9 SPUs and 6 missiles for mobile versions, as well as 2 missiles for the silo version, have been received. By the end of the year, it is planned to receive 3 more SPUs and 8 missiles. Total: 12 SPUs and 12 missiles for them + 4 missiles for silos (). 54 Guards missile division (Teikovo) 42 Missile Division (Nizhny Tagil) Kozelsk Missile Division (SHPU) Rocket Division (Novosibirsk/Pashino)
2015	It was planned to deliver at least 20 ICBMs	78	6 regiments are armed with Yars complexes at the SPU and at the SPU ()
2016	Delivery of 20 ICBMs to 5 regiments of the Strategic Missile Forces is expected Actually delivered 23 ICBMs ()	101 (including 12 ICBMs in silos)	The rearmament of divisions in Pashino (Novosibirsk), Kozelsk (mine-based) and Nizhny Tagil will continue. The rearmament of divisions in Irkutsk and Yoshkar-Ola will begin. In total, it is planned to equip five missile regiments with Yars missiles () The complexes were supplied to Tagil, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Yoshkar-Ola and Kozelsk missile divisions. Regiments took up combat duty in the Kozelsky (silo), Yoshkar-Ola, Novosibirsk and Irkutsk missile formations ().
2017			A missile regiment with mobile complexes "Yars-S" (so in the source) takes up combat duty in Yoshkar-Ola (, 2010 Rocket and space technology developed by NPO "Iskra". Presentation. 2008 Rockets and spacecraft design office"South". Dnepropetrovsk, City Clinical Hospital "Yuzhnoye", 2000 Site of Russian military equipment. Forum http://www.rusarmy.com/forum, 2009 Strategic nuclear weapons of Russia. Website

In connections missile troops of Strategic Purpose (RVSN), located in various parts of Russia, are going through the final stages of the competition among the crews of the Yars mobile ground-based missile system.

"Yars" at the final rehearsal of the Victory Parade. Photo: Mikhail Dzhaparidze / TASS

According to the press service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, in previous years Topol and Topol-M participated in such large-scale competitions. Now it's time to test the combat crews of the Yars missile system. The competition was called "Strategic all-around": the contestants will have to control the units of the missile system, including an autonomous launcher, as well as overcome the firing assault strip. All this will take place in the context of the use of weapons of mass destruction by a mock enemy.

Of course, such competitions are aimed at improving the practical skills of missilemen, because they are entrusted with a serious responsibility - strategic weapons are in their hands.

What is there to say about the tests and exercises of the crews, when from the stands of the parade on Red Square we hear not insulting, but enthusiastic, a little muffled by the roar of technology "That's a fool!". All the "sights" of the world's television cameras and the views of military attachés are focused on the newest 23-meter Yars missile system, which entered service last year.

What is this formidable weapon? Rocket "Yars". Code name RS-24. The NATO designation is SS-27. The rocket was developed by scientists from the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. The projectile of the complex is an updated version of the rocket of the Topol complex, which has been on combat duty for about 30 years. It was planned that the new missile should replace the previous generations of Voevoda and Stiletto missiles (RS-20 and RS-18, respectively) and, together with Topol-M, form the strike force of the Strategic Missile Forces.

Not much is known about the characteristics of the RS-24. According to the most reliable information, its range is at least 11,000 km: directly from Moscow, a missile can easily fly to any point, say, in the USA - from Miami to San Francisco. The power of warheads is in the range of 150-300 kilotons, which is about 10-20 times higher than the power of the bomb dropped over Hiroshima. According to the test launches, the "dip spread" - the circular probable deviation - does not exceed 200 meters. The complex weighs about 120 tons, and in order to budge this "fool", a powerful engine of 800 horsepower is required.

Yars is a three-stage solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Missiles of this class, as a rule, are equipped with nuclear warheads and are designed to destroy strategically important enemy targets located at long distances and on distant continents. For missiles, silo and mobile accommodation options are provided.

The Yars rocket has an impressive flight speed: it flies a distance of 11,000 kilometers in just 20 minutes. The rocket is not affected damaging factors nuclear explosions: thanks to a special coating and the installation of the latest on-board digital complex, it is able to bypass the radiation cloud with a special software maneuver.

The last test tests of the rocket were carried out in December 2014 at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. The launches were successful: the RS-24 rocket was able to complete all the assigned tasks - training active units hit targets at the Kura site in Kamchatka with the specified accuracy. The testing carried out confirmed the technical strength of the charges, as well as the operational and combat parameters of the complex itself.

Earlier, in April 2014, the rocket passed another "test" - at the international level. Then the news spread around the world, which caused a great political resonance: "As a result of a" failure ", the Russian nuclear missile RS-24 flew away towards the United States." Then, as part of the exercises, another test launch of an intercontinental missile from the Kapustin Yar test site took place. The rocket was supposed to cover a distance of 9 thousand km in less than 2 hours. During the launch of the rocket, the flight course failed: the rocket moved towards the United States. US air defenses were unable to "spot" the RS-24 even when the missile was 2000 km from the country. When the rocket approached a distance of about 500 km, it changed course and flew towards Argentina. The Russian Defense Ministry commented on this situation: "a slight failure of the missile's flight path, moreover, it was absolutely safe and did not contain an explosive base." Then this failure on a real example convinced Russian rocket scientists that the projectile has excellent stability and invulnerability when passing through the orders of the promising US missile defense system.

It is important to note that the "breakthrough" through the US ABM was not accidental: the missile carries as a payload the means to overcome the ABM. The upper stage of the flight of the new missile is as short as possible: it is much shorter than that of older types of missiles. It starts at lightning speed of 8 km / s, does not fly along a parabola, with a constantly changing trajectory, which makes it impossible for the interceptor missile to predict the meeting point: anti-missile system just does not understand where the projectile is flying.

Today, more than half of the mobile divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces are equipped with Yars missiles. By 2018 they will be about 70%, by 2020 - 100%. Why did it become possible to adopt such a "serious" missile into service in the conditions when Russia supported the Strategic Offensive Arms Treaty (START-1)? After all, the Treaty forbade the deployment of multiple reentry vehicle missiles. US Republican Senator John Kyle and a group of his associates were then outraged by our development. The answer to the senator was simple: "START-1 does not prohibit testing, we will put the missile into service and will deploy it after the expiration of the Treaty." Recall that Russia withdrew from it in 2009. Our country was no longer willing to make concessions: in 2005, the strategic miscalculations made by the Russian side in relation to the combat railway missile systems (BZHRK) of the Strategic Missile Forces led to their elimination. And the States at the same time were building up their missile defense. Creation of a new strategic missile became our response to these actions.

It is worth noting that at present Russia is the only country in the world that has ground mobile systems of intercontinental ballistic missiles. There is evidence that China is developing them, but the process is still far from being completed. The Americans are not going to produce anything like that. They do not give at all of great importance its ground component of the strategic offensive forces, which makes up only about 20% of the total nuclear arsenal. Their main carriers are in aviation and the navy.

It is the RS-24 Yars missile that will become the basis of the Strategic Missile Forces in our country for the next 20-30 years. And now we can say with full confidence that Russia has a solid nuclear missile shield.

And let's study the RS-24 "Yars" - the Russian intercontinental solid-propellant ballistic missile for silo and mobile placement, equipped with a multiple leading part?

It was developed by the Moscow Thermal Engineering Institute under the direction of Yu. S. Solomonov (academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences). In general, the Yars rocket is an updated version of the Topol-M rocket. The tactical and technical description of this design is not disclosed. In the future, it is planned that it should replace the RS-20 and RS-18 ICBMs and, together with Topol-M, form the base of the strike brigade of the Strategic Missile Forces.

Story

Do you know that the Yars ballistic missile has a very interesting story? Let's study it now.

In 2007, on May 29, the first test launch of this weapon was made at the Plesetsk site. Targets were successfully hit at the Kura range.

The third test launch of a rocket with the same route as the previous ones was made in 2008 on November 26.

Completely different information was reported on the timing of the completion of official tests of the RS-24 Yars intercontinental missile: if the newspapers wrote about their completion in 2010, then the lead designer of the installation claimed that the tests ended in recent months 2009. Perhaps this is due to the unequal deadlines for the actual final of the government testing program and the deadlines for eliminating the comments identified during the testing process.

Deployment

The Yars missile was supplied by the Russian military-industrial complex in 2009. It was the first military battalion of mobile missile systems equipped with reentry vehicles. The fact of organizing the first calculation of the RS-24 was officially confirmed in July 2010 by V. A. Popovkin, Deputy Minister of Defense.

The second battalion in December 2010 began to carry out experimental combat service in Ivanovo region(Teykovskaya Missile Division). So, the Yars intercontinental ballistic missile was in service with the first regiment, which took over the watch in 2011, on March 4, as part of two RS-24 battalions that have been on duty since 2010.

It is interesting that the first missile army, armed with the Yars PGRK, was fully equipped in the Teykovskaya missile unit in the summer of 2011 (three divisions, nine APUs). In 2011, on December 7, the second army began to carry out experimental combat service in the same battalion, which consisted of one missile battalion and a mobile regimental command post (PKP).

The second brigade of the same regiment began service in December 2011. As a result, by 2012, the total number of installed RS-24s reached 15 APUs with missiles. By September 2012, this unit was armed with mobile Yars. The total number of APU RS-24 Yars was now 18 (six divisions and two regiments).

At the end of 2012, the Yars missile appeared at both the Kozelsky and Novosibirsk missile formations ( Kaluga region, mine version of the complex). In 2013, the missile regiments of the Tagil unit were completely re-equipped. The Irkutsk Missile Division also received new weapons.

intercontinental missile Yars was launched at night from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in 2013 from 24 to 25 December. Testing went great. The warheads of the projectile hit targets in Kamchatka.

By the way, in the amount of 33 pieces of the Yars missile, with four warheads each, was in service with the Strategic Missile Forces by the beginning of 2014.

Further, in 2014, on April 14, at 10:40 Moscow time, a Yars rocket equipped with a reentry vehicle was launched from a maneuverable launcher located at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. This campaign was carried out with the aim of testing weapons manufactured in Votkinsk (control and serial testing). Then official sources reported that the tasks of the event were completed in full.

And on December 26, at 11:02 Moscow time, a ground-based mobile missile was launched from Plesetsk. The training projectile was able to hit targets at the Kamchatka Kura site.

Characteristics of "Yars"

And yet, what is the "Yars" (rocket)? Its characteristics are very interesting. This projectile is a three-stage solid propellant light-discharge ICBM. It was created at the turn of the century in cooperation with Russian enterprises.

The RS-24 Yars missile is not similar to its direct ancestor - the Topol-M RS-12M1 / RS-12M2 missile, which is an in-depth version of the RS-12M Topol: it has a more modern control system and warhead.

The Yars ballistic missile is equipped with a crushing leading part (MC) and personal guidance units (MIR). And Topol-M is equipped with a monoblock warhead (maneuvering and passive warheads have been tested). Perhaps by 2020, the RS-12M - RS-24 tandem will become the only light category ICBM in stationary and mobile basing options. This option is justified for economic reasons.

The last decades of the last century

In the last century, in the 80-90s, the Strategic Missile Forces were armed with five types of light-class ICBMs and their versions. These include solid propellant and liquid rockets.

It should be noted that the operating costs of standardized installations are much lower than the same indicator for a set of light ICBM models. But in some respects, the effectiveness of the latter is superior to Yars.

For example, the RS-18B liquid-propellant ICBM carries a more impressive MIRV compared to the RS-24. Its combat equipment is still being improved. The survivability of ICBMs is considered a separate topic, while the unpaved method is inferior to at least the railway one.

Taking into account the above facts, as well as the need to maintain parity for installed warheads and their carriers (according to strategic offensive arms agreements), since 2009, work has been underway to develop a domestic liquid-propellant ICBM of a heavy category instead of the RS-20B ("Voevoda"). In general, the question of returnable reserves and the selection of RS-22V ICBMs remains open for Russia.

It is interesting that a political link is added to the ICBM productivity indicators - the "race" of strategic arms, which is initiated by measures to protect against a nuclear attack - anti-missile defense (ABM). In 2002, the United States terminated the 1972 ABM reduction treaty. This country is creating a new promising missile defense system, including its segments in Europe. The system has been implemented since 1991. The creation of America's national missile defense system was legally formalized; in 1999, the first testing of its elements was carried out.

"Yars"

We continue to find out further what constitutes "Yars" (rocket). Its characteristics deserve close attention. The adoption of this projectile in the context of America's buildup of missile defense systems became probable, since the START-1 agreement expired in 2009, which allowed the development of ICBMs only with a monoblock leading part.

And what was Russia's second asymmetric response to the US missile defense initiatives? Rocket "Yars" flight speed was very effective. In addition, its excellent stability when passing through the orders of the promising US missile defense system was striking. And it was not affected by the damaging factors of nuclear explosions (PFYAV).

Many experts claim that the Yars-M missile has excellent characteristics. So, the active area of ​​the trajectory of this weapon is reduced. The instantaneous set of speed provides a more efficient mixed charge of sustainer engines of solid propellant of the rocket (RDTT). The projectile at the start can perform a program maneuver. It is necessary to penetrate the cloud of a nuclear explosion of an attacking missile.

Interestingly, Yars, unlike the previous RS-12M, uses a non-responsive to powerful electromagnetic impulses guidance system. Generally the latest complexes countermeasures (CSP) missile defense systems significantly reduce the likelihood of capturing the leading department.

It should be noted that the KSP decoy targets cannot be distinguished from military units in the zone of electromagnetic phonation. With the help of them, it is possible to fake parameters for almost every selection feature on the extra-atmospheric, transitional, and impressive regions of the atmospheric segment of the descending branch of the leading part's trajectory.

Here, for the first time, fake targets are used that have super-resolution and are able to ignore the radar. The CSP means that distort the parameters of the head zone are created from a radar-absorbing shell, dynamic radio interference generators, aerosols that are sources of infrared radiation, and so on.

Description of functions

Well, perhaps many readers are convinced that the Yars-M missile has excellent characteristics? Let's continue a deeper study of this wonderful design! It is known that the layout of this weapon, in comparison with the RS-12M, has not changed. Its marching solid propellant rocket engines are equipped with a one-piece "cocoon" hull made of composite raw materials.

The speed of the Yars rocket is quite impressive. Unlike its ancestor, the Topol, the first stage of the tandem is not equipped with lattice aerodynamic stabilizers and rudders. The flight is controlled on the active site by a rotary, slightly recessed nozzle, designed on the basis of an elastic hinge, which deflects the engine thrust vector (at all stages).

Russian missiles "Yars" are equipped with nozzle blocks, which are made of carbon-carbon raw materials. The nozzle liners of this weapon are based on a reinforced three-dimensional oriented carbon-carbon matrix.

The rocket is equipped with an inertial control system. The complex of high-speed command instruments of the hydrostabilized platform (HSP) has improved accuracy parameters. The latest computer boron digital complex (OCVC) has increased performance and resistance to PFYAV.

By the way, for the RS-24 Yars intercontinental missile, aiming is ensured by the implementation of autonomous detection of the azimuth of the control link located on the GSP. This function is performed by the ground command instrumentation complex, which is located on the launch containers intended for transportation (TPK).

Rocket "Yars-M" has an overestimated, in comparison with prototypes, coefficient useful application fissile material. Historically, the leading compartment is the first in the Russian practice of creating weapons, which is installed on an ICBM without testing components and parts during nuclear explosions.

By analogy with the RS-12M, the use of RS-24, RS-12M1 (2) missiles for both mobile and stationary methods of basing occurs using TPK. The start in these two cases is mortar: powder pressure generators (PAD) are used in the process.

It should be noted that, due to the different operating conditions of stationary and mobile missiles, as well as the emergence of various rules for protection against PFYAV, global unification of missiles and TPK could not be achieved. It was necessary to create structurally heterogeneous means necessary to push the charge out of the TPK and the container. For example, for the mine version of the rocket, a pallet was used at launch, which protected the first stage solid propellant rocket motor from the increased pressure of the PAD gases. And for the mobile version, the pallet was not needed, since the pressure was much lower. Due to the features of the mine and weight restrictions, various structural materials of the TPK were used for the variant of the basing of the rocket.

The table below shows the most important parameters.

	RS-12M1(2)
Number of steps
Maximum flight distance, km
Maximum starting weight, t
Active unit charge power, Mt
Mass of the leading part, t
Dimensions, m
First level shell diameter, m
Shell diameter of the second level, m
Third level shell diameter, m

The Yars missile boasts an initial warranty of fifteen years.

Tests

Have you figured out what the Yars is - a rocket? It was tested in 2014 on December 26 at the Plesetsk cosmodrome at 11:00 Moscow time. The successful launch was commented on by Colonel Igor Yegorov, authorized representative of the Press Service of the Russian Defense Ministry for the Rocket Forces.

He said that the Yars-24 missile was able to complete all the assigned tasks: "Training active units hit targets on the Kamchatka Kura site with the specified accuracy."

Yegorov noted that the testing was to confirm the technical strength of the charges created in 2013-2014, as well as the operational and combat parameters of the complex itself.

ICBM

It is a surface-to-surface intercontinental ballistic missile that can travel 5,500 km. Charges of this type, as a rule, are equipped with combat nuclear units. They are used to destroy enemy strategically important objects located on distant continents.

Popularization

The first R-7 ballistic missile on the planet was successfully tested in the Soviet Union on August 21, 1957. It was accepted into service in 1960. The American SM-65 Atlas ICBM successfully passed the tests in 1958. She appeared in the army in 1959 (a year earlier than the R-70). Today, the ICBM is armed with the armies of Russia, Great Britain, the USA, China and France.

Israel follows the same policy on the issue of having this type of charge as it does on the issue of possession of nuclear weapons - it neither denies nor confirms its presence on its territory. In fact, this state derives a double benefit from the situation: to international agreement on control over the distribution of missile technologies does not join, but keeps neighboring countries in suspense regarding their own real capabilities.

North Korea, India and Pakistan are developing their own ICBMs.

South Africa, wanting to resist the Soviet bloc and Western countries, in the 1980s created the RSA-3 ICBM (with the support of Israel), but after the collapse of the apartheid regime, it did not adopt it.

World War II events

Interestingly, Nazi Germany was the first to start work on the creation of ICBMs. Wernher von Braun in the summer of 1942 supervised the launch of the America project, thanks to which the A9 / A10 rocket was to be created. Specialists have developed a two-stage liquid fuel charge weighing one hundred tons, capable of flying at a distance of up to 5000 km.

It is known that according to the current classification, A9 / A10 formally refers to medium-range charges. But it was developed as an intercontinental munition capable of hitting Technically A9 / A10, however, it was not a ballistic missile, as it was equipped with an upper winged stage, de facto appearing as a winged supersonic weapon.

Guidance of this charge at the beginning and middle of the flight was carried out with the help of radio beacons. They were sent to the target in advance and activated by the pilot at the right time, in the final. A man on such an important mission, shortly before the goal, left the small cabin on a parachute and landed on the surface of the Atlantic Ocean after he made a space suborbital flight.

Some sources report that tests were carried out as part of the creation of the A9 / A10 on January 8 and 24, 1945, but it did not have to be used in battle.

Other sources say that the work on the program never progressed beyond sketches (which is more plausible). Incidentally, the Germans underestimated the intricacy of supersonic gliding, which is probably why the A9/A10 system could never work.

After the defeat of Germany, America and the USSR removed from its territory a colossal amount of documentation, experts and material resources for rocket research.

Engines

And now let's pay a little attention to the engines. The first versions of ICBMs operated liquid rocket engines: they had to be refueled for a very long period of time before launch. Preparing the installation for flight took several hours, but Maintenance was done in a matter of minutes. For the use of cryogenic components (P-7), the instruments of the launch complex were very bulky.

All these nuances significantly limited the strategic value of this weapon. Today's ICBMs use engines that run on either solid fuel or high-boiling liquid feedstock with ampoule fuel.

The plant loads such weapons into transport and launch containers and delivers them to the customer. Thus, the missiles in storage are ready for launch during the entire service life. Liquid charges are delivered to the launch complex in an unfilled state. Fuel is pumped into them after the installation of the TPK with a charge in the launcher. Further, the weapon can be in a combat-ready state for many years. Preparation for the flight takes no more than a few minutes and is carried out remotely, via cables and radio channels, from a remote command post. Regular testing of launchers and missile systems is also carried out.

Interestingly, the current ICBMs, as a rule, do not have the means to boost the enemy's missile defense system. They can only consist of maneuvering warheads, means of setting radar jamming, decoys, and so on.

Each state can ensure its national security, high status in the world and the inviolability of its borders by building up its strategic nuclear potential.

One such country that maintains parity in the field nuclear weapons, is Russian Federation. In order for the strategic missile forces to be ready to confront a potential enemy at any moment, the Russian military command has to modernize them. The result of such work was the Yars intercontinental ballistic missile.

Rocket developments of the times of the USSR

Today, many Russian military experts are seriously concerned about the state of Russia's strategic nuclear forces. This is due to the fact that most of the nuclear carriers used by the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN), submarine missile carriers and strategic aviation were developed and created back in the days of the Soviet Union. In those years, a lot of intellectual and material resources were invested in the creation of such weapons.

The main potential of Russian nuclear strategic weapons are nuclear missiles ground based. They are represented by stationary mine and mobile complexes "Topol" and "Topol-M". The basis of these weapons were liquid-fuel rockets "Stiletto" and "Satan". During the Cold War, it was these missiles that the American government most feared, because they knew that these Soviet designs were designed only for long-range targets, well-protected and capable of bypassing US missile defenses. This Soviet weaponry remained very formidable for a long time, having no analogues in the whole world. Its only drawback is considered to be susceptibility to obsolescence, in connection with which today Russian designers have problems with servicing Soviet missiles. This is due to the fact that components for them were previously manufactured in Ukraine, in the city of Dnepropetrovsk. After the collapse Soviet Union and subsequently Russia's relations with Ukraine, the time has come for the Russian Federation to seriously think about its Strategic Missile Forces.

First steps

The modernization of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces was started immediately in the 90s. The active phase of the replacement of the RS-18 and RS-20A fell already in the middle of the last decade. In 2007, these missiles were replaced by the RS-24 (Yars missile. The photo is presented in the article). Back in the 90s, it was assumed that sooner or later these weapons would have to be replaced by the RS-20, RS-18, and at the same time the Topol-M. Today to the base of the shock brigade of the missile forces of strategic importance Russia included "Yars" (rocket).

Who is the manufacturer?

This weapon was developed by employees of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT). Yu. S. Solomonov became the head of the design work. In the 1980s, employees of the Dnepropetrovsk Yuzhnoye Design Bureau were still dealing with this issue. According to the provisions of the START-1 Treaty on the Reduction of Nuclear Arms between the USSR and America, the number of strategic delivery vehicles in service should not exceed 1600 units and warheads for them - 600. In 2009, when this treaty expired, the Russian Federation received the right to possess a new missile with several warheads. Intercontinental missile "Yars" is a modernized missile system RT-2PM2 "Topol-M", equipped with modern system management. The production of new generation missiles is carried out by workers of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Serial production of launchers for mobile complexes is carried out at the Barrikady machine-building enterprise in the city of Volgograd.

What else has been changed in the new generation rocket?

Improving missile defense Russian designers increased the survivability of the RS-24. They managed to shorten the flight time as much as possible, since it was found that the rocket becomes very vulnerable in the active section. Due to the strengthening of the engine that the Yars rocket is equipped with, its characteristics have been significantly improved:

• RS-24, unlike the missiles of the previous generation, picks up speed faster;
• the increased speed of the Yars rocket allows it to maneuver already in the initial stages after launch, having overcome the cloud from a nuclear explosion already at the very stage of launch.

Thanks to the installed anti-missile defense (ABM) penetration system (CSP), the RS-24 is capable of throwing decoys that practically do not differ from real warheads in the electromagnetic spectrum. The means of overcoming were created on the basis of the Sura missile defense system, which are the developments of MIT and the Dnepropetrovsk design bureau Yuzhnoye. The range of the complex consists of active and passive decoys, means that distort warheads and create their imitators.

In the production of the RS-24, a special substance is used to cover warheads, the task of which is to absorb radar radiation. Thus, the Yars missile becomes completely invisible to the most modern radar.

To cover the hull, a special composition is used, made using the stealth technology. Thanks to him, the RS-24 is not susceptible to the effects of nuclear explosions.

Rocket testing

In May 2007, the first test launch of the Yars rocket was carried out at the Plesetsk training ground. In December, they restarted. Both launches of the RS-24 were carried out at the Kura test site and both were successful. In 2008, the third launch of the Yars rocket was carried out.

Completion of design work

Information about the completion of state tests of the RS-24 varies. Newspapers wrote that the Yars rocket was ready only in 2010. According to the lead designer involved in the development of this installation, the RS-24 was completely ready in December 2009. In order to reduce the cost of serial production of a new generation rocket, the developers have made binding of its parameters and characteristics to the Topol-M complex.

Some experts in the design of the Yars missiles see much in common with the R-30 Bulava missile system as well.

What is the RS-24?

The Yars ballistic missile has the same design and parameters as the RS-12M2 Topol-M. The task of the RS-24 is to hit important military-industrial centers of the enemy located at great distances. Rocket "Yars" is a three-stage solid propellant. For the manufacture of its body, a high-strength composite material was used, the basis of which is aramid fibers. The compartment in which the instrumentation is located is completely sealed. The Yars missile is not equipped with flight control stabilizers. This function is carried out with the help of motor nozzles. The nozzle blocks are also made of composite material. For RS-24, a high-energy solid fuel is provided. Being an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) of the ground-to-ground class, the RS-24 is capable of covering distances up to 5500 km.

Engines for Yars

In the first versions of intercontinental ballistic missiles, the use of liquid rocket engines was practiced. In order to launch ICBMs, rocket fuel was poured into their engines. The process itself was laborious and time consuming. It took several hours to prepare such a rocket. In addition, her launch complex was very bulky. According to the developers, this had a negative effect on the strategic value of the weapon. Today, intercontinental ballistic missiles are provided with engines that require either solid propellant or high-boiling liquid feedstock containing ampouled fuel. New ICBMs are ready from the factory for loading and transportation in special transport and launch containers. Such missiles can be stored for a long time and ready to launch at any moment. Preparation of missiles for flight is carried out remotely from remote command posts using special cables and radio channels. The whole process takes only a few minutes. In this way, both missile systems and their launchers are tested.

electronics device

The Yars missile is equipped with an inertial control system. All information is processed by the onboard computer system. He is also responsible for flight correction taking into account information received from GLONASS navigation satellites. Rocket electronics have increased resistance to nuclear explosions. The high accuracy of hitting the target is ensured by the navigation system that the Yars missile is equipped with. The characteristics of the RS-24 allow it to deliver warheads (up to six pieces) to the affected area. The capacity of each block is at least 300 kilotons.

How does a rocket launch?

According to the developers, Yars is equipped with new system breeding warheads, which belongs to the ballistic type. The RS-24 uses more advanced thermonuclear charges, during the creation of which not a single nuclear test. This is due to the fact that since 1989 they have been banned. The Yars missile can be both silo-based and mobile-based. In both cases, a powder accumulator is used at the start. To transport the rocket from the factory, special containers made of fiberglass are provided.

Deployment

In the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, the military-industrial complex began to supply a fifth-generation missile already in 2009. In the first combat unit, mobile missile systems were equipped with multiple warheads.

In 2010, the Yars complex was sent for combat duty to the Teykov missile division (Ivanovo region).

In 2012, the transition of missile formations of the Strategic Missile Forces in Novosibirsk and Kozelsk began. In 2013, it was planned to completely re-equip these missile regiments with the new RS-24s. A similar fate awaited the Tagil and Irkutsk missile divisions. In 2013, the Yars ICBM was launched at the Plesetsk cosmodrome.

At the beginning of 2016, the Russian Strategic Missile Forces had 73 RS-24s. Of these, 63 units are designed for mobile basing, and the rest - for mine. This year, employees of the Votkinsk plant planned to produce twenty "Yars" for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

In 2016, the plant assembled 23 launchers for fifth-generation missiles. By the end of 2016, the Russian Strategic Missile Forces had 96 RS-24s. 78 of them are mobile, 18 are mine.

Tactical and technical characteristics

1. Producer - Votkinsk plant.
2. "Yars" by designation refers to intercontinental ballistic missiles(MBR).
3. The rocket has three stages.
4. The length of one step is 800 cm.
5. The size of the rocket, together with the warhead, is 23 m.
6. For APU, a YaMZ-847 diesel engine is used, the power of which is 800 hp. With.
7. The length of the RS-24 without the warhead is 17 m.
8. Turning radius - 18 m.
9. The missile is designed for a range of up to 12,000 meters.
10. "Yars" is equipped with four warheads.
11. The weight of the RS-24 is 47 tons 200 kg.
12. The mass of the head part is 1.3 tons.
13. The width of the APU is over three meters
14. The missile can be equipped with an autonomous or inertial control system.
15. KVO - 150 meters.
16. The missile is provided for silo and mobile basing.
17. The warranty period for RS-24 does not exceed 15 years.

Future plans

The development of the MIT RS-24 replaced the RS-18 and RS-20 Topol-M ICBMs. During the years of the USSR, the Molodets railway complex was in service with the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces. But in 1993, under the terms of the SVN-2 agreement, this weapon was removed. Since 2015, Russian designers have been continuing work on the promising Barguzin railway missile system. It is planned that it will enter service in 2020 and will be equipped with new-generation Yars missiles. In addition, for the next ten years it is planned to replace the RS-18 and RS-20 "Voevoda" in service with the new RS-24 missile system. ICBMs of the new generation "Yars" will become the basis of the strike group of the Strategic Missile Forces.