BMP 2 engine specifications. "Encyclopedia of world weapons

Armored vehicles of Russia and the world photo, video watch online was significantly different from all its predecessors. For a large reserve of buoyancy, the height of the hull was noticeably increased, and to improve stability, it was given a trapezoidal shape in cross section. The required bullet resistance to the hull was provided by rolled cemented armor with an additionally hardened outer layer of the KO brand ("Kulebaki-OGPU"). In the manufacture of the hull, welding of armor plates from the inner soft side was used; special stocks were used to facilitate assembly. To simplify the installation of units, the upper armor plates of the hull were made removable with a seal on fabric gaskets lubricated with red lead.

Armored vehicles of the Second World War, in which the crew of two of them was located near the longitudinal axis at the back of each other's head, but the turret with weapons was shifted by 250 mm to the port side. power unit shifted to the starboard side in such a way that access for engine repair was possible from inside the fighting compartment of the tank after removing the safety partition. In the stern of the tank, on the sides, there were two gas tanks with a capacity of 100 liters each, and directly behind the engine there was a radiator and a heat exchanger, washed by sea water when moving afloat. At the stern, in a special niche, there was a propeller with navigable rudders. The balance of the tank was chosen in such a way that afloat it had a slight trim to the stern. The propeller was driven by a cardan shaft from a power take-off mounted on the gearbox housing.

Armored vehicles of the USSR in January 1938, at the request of the head of the ABTU D. Pavlov, the armament of the tank was to be strengthened by installing a 45-mm semi-automatic gun or a 37-mm automatic gun, and if a semi-automatic gun was installed, the crew should have been increased to three people. The tank's ammunition was to consist of 61 shots for a 45-mm cannon and 1,300 rounds for a machine gun. The design bureau of plant No. 185 completed two projects on the theme of "Castle", the prototype of which was the Swedish tank "Landsverk-30".

Armored vehicles of the Wehrmacht did not escape the trouble with forcing the engine. To what has been said, one can only add that the indicated crisis was actually overcome only in 1938, for which the tank received not only a forced engine. In order to strengthen the suspension, thicker leaf springs were used in it. Rubber bandages made of neoprene, a domestically produced synthetic rubber, were launched, the production of tracks from Hartfield steel by hot stamping began, and hardened HDTV fingers were introduced. But all these changes to the tank were not introduced at once. The hull of the tank with inclined armor plates could not be made on time. However, a conical turret with improved protection was delivered on time, and the tank with the same hull, reinforced suspension (due to the installation of thicker leaf springs), a boosted engine and a new turret entered the NIBT test site for testing.

Modern armored vehicles went under the conditional index T-51. It retained the process of transition from caterpillars to wheels, as in the prototype, by lowering special levers with wheels without leaving a person. However, after adjusting the requirements for the tank, which made it a three-seater (it was decided to keep the loader's backup control), and strengthening its weapons to the BT level, it turned out to be impossible to implement a Landsverk-type wheel drive. In addition, the tank's wheel drive transmission was overly complex. Therefore, soon work on the topic "Castle" was already carried out on the T-116 tank, in which "changing shoes" was carried out according to the BT type - by removing caterpillar chains.

Infantry fighting vehicle of the 2nd development ( armed forces USSR / Russia and a number of other countries), was designed for the purpose of . Reason for creation new car- the need to change the weapon system, especially the 73-mm 2A28 smoothbore gun, which turned out to be ineffective in the fight against infantry and low-flying air targets. As a result, a new 30-mm automatic gun was installed, manufactured at the Tula Machine-Building Plant, and an anti-tank missile system"Bassoon" or "Competition".

New fighting machine infantry was put into service in 1977, operation began in the eighties of the twentieth century.

History of creation

After the BMP-1 entered service, a controversy unfolded among the leadership about the composition of the need and sufficiency of the firepower of this vehicle. The main armament was the 73-mm 2A28 Grom cannon, which was installed to combat armored vehicles; the combat vehicle had only anti-tank guns in the ammunition load HEAT rounds.

Tests showed that this weapon is not effective either in the fight against infantry or against enemy equipment, so they began to create experimental combat vehicles with a new weapon system.

In the 1970s there appeared prototype combat vehicle under the designation Object 768, which provided for an increase in the firepower of the Thunder gun. Modification of the 73-mm smoothbore gun "Thunder" was named 2A41 "Zarnitsa" and was installed on an experimental vehicle. But the Object 768 did not enter service with the army. At the same time, Object 681 was created with the same weapon system, but work on the project was soon stopped.

In parallel with these experimental vehicles, new variants of infantry vehicles with a completely new type of weaponry were proposed - the installation of a 30-mm automatic cannon (2A38 / 2A42).

The proposal came from Kurganmashzavod. The first machine with new weapons was called the Object 680 with an automatic gun 2A38. The second, object 675 with an automatic gun 2A42. Military experts did not take the new inventions seriously, believing that this weapon system was not effective due to the small caliber.

The attitude towards new experimental combat vehicles has changed radically with the outbreak of hostilities in Afghanistan. It became obvious that the Object 675 was indispensable in the combat conditions of Afghanistan. Thus began the history of the infantry fighting vehicle under the designation BMP-2.

Design

The BMP-2 is an infantry fighting vehicle that has an identical layout to the BMP-1. The main difference between them is the presence of different weapons. The crew consists of three people. Also, the vehicle can accommodate up to seven troops, who can fire through the loopholes.

The hull and tower of the machine are welded from rolled steel sheets, the thickness of which is from 5 to 19 millimeters. The thickness of the frontal armor of the tower is up to 23 mm. The tower has the shape of a truncated cone.

The BMP-2 is equipped with a 6-cylinder diesel engine UTD-20S1 with liquid cooling, the engine weight is 700 kg.

Engine power 300 hp A dry-type double-disc clutch with mechanical control is used. Gearbox five-speed with synchronizers on four higher gears. Planetary gearboxes are used to turn the machine.

The undercarriage has six road wheels, which are the movable body support on the track. Max Speed, which the car is capable of developing, is 65 km / h on the highway and up to 45 km / h when driving on rough terrain. The equipment is capable of independently crossing water bodies, developing a speed afloat up to 7 km / h. The movement through the water is carried out due to the rotation of the tracks. Because of this, difficulties arise when moving the machine against the current.

The BMP-2 is controlled using a steering wheel with a steering wheel scheme. Thanks to the free rotation of the steering wheel, no significant effort is required to control. When the steering wheel is turned, there is a smooth change in traction on the tracks, which ensures smooth turning and protects the undercarriage elements from overloads. When the handwheel is released, the control automatically returns to the rectilinear motion.

The BMP-2 uses the following communication and surveillance equipment:

• internal intercom model A-3;
• radios R-123M, R-173 or R-126;
• surveillance devices TNP-165A or TNPO-170A;
• device for monitoring at night.

The armament includes:

• 30 mm gun 2A42;
• machine gun PKT (tank);
• missile system "Fagot" or "Competition".

Tactical and technical characteristics

The table shows the performance characteristics of the Soviet infantry fighting vehicle in comparison with foreign counterparts, such as the American BMP M2 Bradley and the Swedish Strf 90.

In the 70s, the United States was developing the Bradley infantry fighting vehicle, which began to roll off the assembly line in 1981. If we compare the combat qualities of the BMP-2 and M2 Bradley, then they are equivalent. In the event of a combat confrontation between these machines, great importance has crew experience.

The American model is undergoing more than one modernization, which is why the BMP-2 began to lag behind in many ways. Following in Russia, they improved the combat vehicle, which again became competitive with the American one.

Modifications

The BMP-2, after entering service, has become one of the best examples of infantry fighting vehicles in the world, but over time, any equipment becomes obsolete, so modernization is required.

During the modernization of the machine, its characteristics were improved, which brought the machine closer to international standards.

One option is the BMP-2M Berezhok. During the modernization of the machine, the main fire control units were improved, a new one was installed anti-tank complex"Cornet" and an automatic 30-mm grenade launcher AGS-17 "Flame", which allows you to defeat the infantry in the shelter. The gun's ammunition included a new sub-caliber projectile "Trident".

The gunner received a modern sight, which allows to increase the accuracy of shooting. The commander now has a panoramic sight that provides all-round observation and aiming weapons at the target.

The BMP-2D version (modified) was created specifically for the conditions of the war in Afghanistan. The increase in booking led to the fact that the car could not swim.

An attempt to improve the characteristics of the BMP-2 to the level of the BMP-3 was a vehicle with a combat module "Bakhcha-U". Due to the large mass of equipment, the number of paratroopers (during transportation) was reduced from seven to five.

There was also a variant of the BMP-2 with the installation of an automatic grenade launcher AGS-17 "Flame".

Especially for motorized rifle troops, a version of the BMP-2K was created, equipped with an additional radio station. For long-distance communication, a mast antenna is available.

Combat use

The BMP-2 took the most active part in the Afghan war. In Afghanistan, combat vehicles suffered big losses(Thousand three hundred units, including BMP-1, BMP-2, BTR, BRDM). Participated in the war between the Armenian and Azerbaijani armed formations in the struggle for Nagorno-Karabakh(1988-1994).

Later, the cars took part in the conflicts:

• in the first (1994-1996) and the second Chechen war (1999-2009);
• during the civil war on the territory of Tajikistan (1992-1997);
• within the territory of South Ossetia(2008);
• in battles in the south-east of Ukraine (since 2014);
• took part in the hostilities in Angola.

They were also used in the Iraq War, where, according to some reports, BMP-2s were disabled by automatic cannon shots. Used by Syrian troops in the fight against militants.

To date, the BMP-2 is in service with many countries of the world.

Unlike foreign analogues, it has wide range application in different combat situations, easy to operate. The uniqueness of the structure of the machine makes it possible to quickly upgrade it. The BMP is of particular interest in the international arms market. Despite the weakness in armor and some other shortcomings, this machine has great prospects for further development.

Video

The Soviet and Russian tracked infantry fighting vehicle BMP-2, before the adoption of the new BMP-4, is the main and most numerous infantry fighting vehicle of the Russian Federation. It is designed to transfer personnel to the front line, increasing its mobility, armament and security during combat, in conditions of use nuclear weapons, as well as for joint actions with tanks in battle.

BMP-2 (GBTU index - Object 675)

The main difference from the BMP-1 is a larger turret and equipment with a different weapon system. The tower accommodates two people: the squad leader (on the right) and the gunner-operator. The main armament is an automatic 30-mm 2A42 cannon, manufactured at the Tula Machine-Building Plant. The BMP-2 was put into service in 1977.

History of creation

The machine was created as a result of the modification of the BMP-1. Work in this direction has been carried out at the Design Bureau of the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant since 1974 under the GBTU indices "Object 675" and "Object 680". Also, the issue of modernization of the BMP-1 has been developed at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant since 1972 under the symbol "Object 769". In 1980, a variant of the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant was adopted, at which the serial production of the BMP-2 was launched.

Design Description

The crew of the vehicle consists of three people - a driver, a gunner and a commander. Also in the car is transported troops of 7 people who can fire through special embrasures from personal weapons.

Armored corps and turret

The hull and turret of the BMP-2 are welded from rolled steel armor plates with a thickness of 5 to 19 mm. The forehead of the tower is 23 mm thick.

In the left front part of the machine there is a control compartment, in which the driver's seat is equipped with the controls for the movement of the machine, observation devices and a means of communication. Behind the driver there is a gunner's station equipped with a loophole for firing personal weapons, as well as surveillance devices and communications equipment.

The engine-transmission compartment is located in the right front part of the machine, along the length of the machine it is combined with the control compartment and separated from it by a heat and sound insulating partition. There are hatches in the partition for access to the MTO units.

The fighting compartment is located in the middle part of the vehicle; it occupies the turret and turret space of the hull. The fighting compartment houses the workplaces of the operator-gunner and commander, as well as the main and auxiliary weapons. In the turret space there is a rotating floor, in which boxes with ammunition for a machine gun are mounted, as well as a belt feed system for the gun with armor-piercing tracer and fragmentation shots. Three stacks with ATGM rounds are equipped on the right side of the hull, one more is located in the turret space.

In the troop compartment, located in the rear of the vehicle, there are 6 jobs for shooters. Each is equipped with a loophole for firing from personal weapons. In the stern there are two doors for unloading troops. The left door is equipped with a loophole for firing from a machine gun. Also, for landing while moving afloat or, for example, emergency evacuation, there are two hatches above the seats in the roof of the hull. The troop compartment separates the middle fuel tank and the electrical equipment container, which contains the batteries, heater and other electrical units.

Armament

The main difference between the BMP-2 and the BMP-1 is the new armament. The reason for the replacement was the experience of using the BMP-1 weapons, which hardly fulfilled the task of hitting typical infantry targets, especially with enemy manpower lying down or covered. Same way big problem was the fight against low-flying air targets, light armored personnel carriers, and due to the low power of ammunition, rather low accuracy and short range 2A28 guns, the fight against tank targets was practically ineffective.

As the main armament of the BMP-2, a 30-mm 2A42 automatic cannon with an ammunition load of 500 rounds is used. A 7.62 PKT machine gun is paired with a cannon, having an ammunition load of 2000 rounds. In addition, the BMP-2 is equipped with ATGM 9K111 "Fagot" or 9K111-1 "Competition" with 4 shots for it, especially for confrontation with tanks.

Also, the vehicle was equipped with 6 grenade launchers of the 902V Tucha smoke screen system for firing 81-mm smoke grenades

Means of observation and communication

The driver's seat is equipped with surveillance devices and an A-3 tank intercom device. The shooter’s position immediately behind him is equipped with TNP-165A and TNPO-170A observation devices. For communication there is an apparatus A-3 TPU.

At night, the driver is monitored using the TVN-2 device (for the driver), which is mounted immediately before the exit itself, instead of the front triplex. The range and viewing angles are not large (in complete darkness), therefore, what is on the sides of the car for the driver is a "dead zone", monitoring these sectors is already the responsibility of the commander and gunner with a report via intercom. This equipment is supplied with the equipment, but is most often stored separately from the machine.

The workplaces of the commander and operator are equipped with observation and aiming devices. The commander's station is equipped with a R-123M radio station and an A-1 TPU apparatus. The operator has an A-2 TPU device for internal communication.

Shooters' workplaces in the troop compartment and aft dismounting doors are equipped with TNPO-170A devices designed to monitor the terrain. For internal communication in the troop compartment, the A-3 and A-4 TPU devices are used. The R-126 radio station is equipped in the right door.

For aiming, the gunner uses a combined sight (depending on the modification, either BOD-1-42 or BOD-2-42) with a 5.6-fold increase during the day and 5-fold at night. To work in active mode, the machine is equipped with an OU-5 illuminator. In addition to the sight, the gunner has 3 TNPO-170A periscope devices equipped with electrical heating, as well as 1 TNPT-1 rear observation device. The vehicle commander is equipped with two TNPO-170A and one TNPT-1 devices, a TKN-3B binocular viewing device and a 1PZ-3 day sight for searching and observing air and ground targets and aiming weapons at them.

Engine and transmission

The car has two blocks. The first block is power and combines the engine, planetary rotation mechanisms and gearbox. The second is a cooling and cleaning unit, it contains radiators of the cooling system, engine lubrication, an ejector, an air cleaner and an oil transmission system.

The engine, gearbox and planetary slewing mechanisms are combined in power block, and the radiators of the cooling system, engine lubrication system, transmission oil system, ejector and air cleaner - into the cooling and air cleaning unit. The latter is mounted to the roof beams of the hull.

The engine is a 6-cylinder 4-stroke compressorless diesel UTD-20S1 liquid-cooled with direct injection. The maximum power is 210-221 kW. The total mass of a dry engine is about 700 kg.

The power unit is placed conditionally in the first block (it is also a compartment), in its very front part of the machine under the “ribbed” one. It includes a transmission that includes a gearbox, steering units, clutch. All this is more or less subject to repair in the field, as they have direct access. The engine, which is conventionally located in the second block (compartment), to the right of the driver is almost completely closed and access to it is impossible without special equipment. The only way to the engine is blocked by an armored plate along with an ejector, right above it and without serious lifting equipment, you should not even try to make repairs. But still, this situation was clearly thought out by the creators of the machine, if something happens to the engine, then the machine is not combat-ready and therefore it needs a major overhaul, and it can only be properly done in a specialized place.

Engine repair is impossible in principle through the hatches of the partition, and access through them occurs only for its scheduled maintenance. But they are especially often used in the cold season, when the engine is already warmed up, and the temperature in the cabin is the same as outside, although the command “on the cars!” already sounded. Here they save, first the driver and the one who is located immediately behind him receive a portion of heat, then those sitting in the tower and only then the troop compartment, provided that the trip is long and the aft doors do not often open. It should still be noted that in general this compartment does not have much time to warm up, since the hatches close as soon as a comfortable temperature for the driver is reached. After that, heating is carried out due to partitions and heated air injected into the passenger compartment.

Chassis

A chassis with a six-support undercarriage is used as a base; its design and characteristics are similar to those of the BMP-1.

Despite the caterpillar track, the car is quite fast and the speed of 65 km / h on the highway is clearly underestimated based on stable control, and at the limit high speed the car becomes uncontrollable.

Cross country or dirt road(if not similar to asphalt) it is impossible to accelerate more than 40 km / h, only because of the design features of the car, the entire weight of the engine and transmission falls on the nose, so the car starts to peck on bumps, this in itself slows down the movement. Snake movement, the only way not to lose the gained speed, is when only one caterpillar hits the bump, and the other does not yet, as if bypassing it.

The vehicles of the BMP series use a unique steering, something between a steering wheel in an armored personnel carrier and levers in tanks, this is the so-called "steering wheel", which consists of two horizontal handles. With the same freedom of rotation as the steering wheel, which allows you to control the machine like a wheeled vehicle, with the only difference being that its angle of deviation has its limitations. When you turn it to the side, there is a smooth and even redistribution of traction to the tracks, this is what allows you not to pull the car when turning, as is usually the case with tracked vehicles, which ultimately for them, adversely affects the rollers and tracks. After releasing it, the "steering wheel" itself returns to its original state. Therefore, the force must be applied only when turning, and the horizontal position in this moment indicates that the vehicle is moving in a straight line. Thanks to this design, the control of the machine is greatly facilitated and maneuvers such as a snake at speed are smoother.

TTX BMP-2

Classification: infantry fighting vehicle
- Combat weight, t: 14.0
-Layout scheme: engine-transmission compartment in front, combat in the center, landing rear
- Crew, people: 3
- Landing, pers.: 7

Dimensions

Case length, mm: 6735
- Hull width, mm: 3150
- Height, mm: 2450 (according to the illuminator); 2250 (by aiming devices)
- Base, mm: 3600
- Track, mm: 2550
-Clearance, mm: 420

Booking

Type of armor: steel rolled homogeneous (bulletproof, anti-fragmentation)

Armament

Gun caliber and brand: 30 mm 2A42
- Gun type: rifled small-caliber automatic gun
- Gun ammunition: 500 (armor-piercing, high-explosive fragmentation)
- VN angles, deg.: ?5…+74 deg
- GN angles, degrees: 360 degrees
- Firing range, km: up to 4 on the ground; up to 2.5 by air
-Sights: BPK-2-42 (BPK-1-42) - binocular day and active-passive night and anti-aircraft 1PZ-3
-Machine guns: 1 x 7.62 mm PKT
-Other weapons: ATGM 9K111 or 9K113

Mobility

Engine: Brand: UTD-20S1; Type: diesel; Volume: 15,900 cc; Maximum power: 221 kW (300 hp), at 2600 rpm; Maximum torque: 1030 Nm, at 1600 rpm; Configuration: V6; Cylinders: 6; Compression ratio: 15.8; Cooling: liquid; Cycle (number of cycles): 4; The order of operation of the cylinders: 1l-1p-2l-2p-3l-3p
-Speed ​​on the highway, km / h: 65
-Speed ​​over rough terrain, km / h: 40-50 on a dirt road; 7 afloat
- Cruising range on the highway, km: 550-600
- Specific power, l. s./t: 20.3-21.74
- Suspension type: independent torsion bar with double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers on 1, 2 and 6 hardpoints
- Specific ground pressure, kg/sq.cm: 0.64-0.66
-Climbability, degrees: 35 degrees
- overcome wall, m: 0.7
- Crossable ditch, m: 2.5
- Crossable ford, m: floats

Modifications:

BMP-2 with automatic grenade launcher AG-17 on the tower

BMP-2D("Afghan version", reinforced booking, does not swim. 1981)

BMP-2K(commander's infantry fighting vehicle, additional means of communication)

BMP-2(modernized version with an automatic grenade launcher, TShU-1 "Shtora", etc.)

BMP-2 with combat module "Bakhcha-U"(twin 30mm and 100mm guns, 2000)

BMP-2 with combat module "Berezhok"(ATGM "Kornet", new SLA, additional armament, 2000)

BMP-2 with enhanced armor protection

Foreign modifications:

BVP-2(BMP-2 Czechoslovak production)

Sarath(BMP-2 manufactured in India)

BMP-2(modification for the Finnish Armed Forces)

Vehicles based on the BMP-2:

BREM-4(repair recovery vehicle)

BMO-1(flamethrower fighting vehicle)

R-149 "Couch-B"(KShM)

Infantry fighting vehicle BMP-2 was created on the basis to further improve the combat characteristics of the latter. Development has been carried out at the ChTZ Design Bureau since 1972 ( "object 769") and in KB KMZ since 1974 ( ob.680, 675 ). Adopted in 1980, the machine developed by the Kurgan plant, mass production started at KMZ since April of the same year. It was first shown to the general public at a military parade in November 1982. As of 1995 BMP-2 was in service with the following countries: Russia, Algeria (230 units), Afghanistan, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Sierra Leone, Slovakia (93 units), Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Finland (110 units), Czech Republic (187 units), Sri Lanka, Yemen. By 2013, the BMP-2 was in service with the armies of 26 states of the near and far abroad, but the largest number of them are in Russia: approximately 5000 in ground forces, about 150 in Marine Corps and some in parts of BB.

On machines of the first releases, as on an experimental "object 675", there were no smoke grenade launchers and a second machine gun was installed on the roof of the hull above the hatch of the senior gunner.

The fundamental difference from is installed on BMP-2 new complex weapons. The fact is that with the help of the previous complex (73-mm gun, coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun and anti-tank systems "Baby") with great difficulty, fire tasks were solved to defeat typical "infantry" targets - open, lying and especially sheltered manpower, light armored vehicles type of American armored personnel carrier M113, light defensive structures, as well as to repel attacks from low-flying aircraft and helicopters. In addition, experience combat use BMP-1 showed that the tool 2A28 does not provide effective fight with tanks and others armored vehicles both due to insufficient accuracy and short range, and due to the low power of the ammunition at the target. Therefore, only ATGMs are practically used to defeat such targets.

Main armament BMP-2– 30 mm automatic cannon 2A42, installed in a double rotating tower. A 7.62 mm machine gun is paired with a cannon PKT. On the roof of the tower between the commander's and gunner's hatches there is a launcher 9P135M (9P135M-1). Thus, the weapons installed in the car allow you to fight against various targets, including tanks and combat helicopters.

Chassis BMP-2 with a six - support undercarriage in design and technical characteristics similar to the chassis .

The combat crew of the vehicle consists of 10 people: a non-dismountable part (crew) of 3 people (the vehicle commander, who is also the squad leader, gunner and driver) and 7 paratroopers. The latter can conduct aimed fire from personal weapons through special loopholes.

The control compartment is located in the left front of the machine body. It contains workplace driver, equipped with controls for the movement of the machine, control and measuring devices, observation devices, a means of communication (device A-3 tank intercom - TPU). Behind the driver's seat is the workplace of one shooter. It is equipped with a loophole for firing from personal weapons (on the left side of the hull), surveillance devices TNP-165A and TNPO-170A, as well as the device A-3 TPU.

The right front part of the machine body is occupied by the engine-transmission compartment (MTO). It is combined along the length of the machine with the control compartment. These compartments are separated by a heat and sound insulating partition, in which there are hatches for access to the MTO units. The engine, gearbox and planetary rotation mechanisms are combined into a power unit, and the radiators of the cooling system, engine lubrication systems, transmission oil system, ejector and air cleaner - into the cooling and air cleaning unit. The latter is attached to the roof beams of the hull.

The fighting compartment is located in the middle of the vehicle. It occupies the turret and turret space in the hull. It houses the main and auxiliary weapons and their systems, as well as the workplaces of the commander (on the right) and the operator-gunner (on the left). Magazines with cartridges for a machine gun and a system that provides tape power to the gun with armor-piercing tracer and high-explosive fragmentation rounds are mounted on a rotating floor. ATGM stacks are installed in the turret space (one) and on the starboard side of the hull (three). The workplaces of the commander and operator are equipped with observation, aiming and weapon control devices. The commander has a radio set R-123M and apparatus A-1 TPU. The operator has a system control panel 902B "Cloud" installation of smoke screens. The device is used for intercom. A-2 TPU.

In the aft part of the vehicle hull in the troop compartment, 6 shooters are located at their jobs. Every workplace has a device. TNPO-170A for monitoring the terrain while moving "in combat", loopholes for firing from machine guns (front) and machine guns AKM(rest). For the entrance and exit of the shooters in the stern of the car there are two doors. Each of them has a device TNPO-170A, and in the left door there is also an embrasure for firing from AK M. In the roof of the hull above the seats there are two hatches for the exit of shooters when the vehicle is moving afloat, firing at air targets, observing the terrain on the march, emergency evacuation, etc. The troop compartment is divided into two parts (right and left) by a medium fuel tank and an electrical equipment container, which houses two batteries, electrical equipment units and a troop compartment heater. In the troop compartment, devices are used for internal communication A-3 and A-4 TPU. A radio station is located in the niche of the right door. R-126.

30 mm automatic cannon 2A42 has dual feed. The fire from it is carried out by armor-piercing, high-explosive-incendiary fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells. Two rates of fire are provided - small (200-300 rds / min) and large (at least 550 rds / min). Sighting ranges for ground targets are 2000 for armor-piercing and 4000 m for other types of projectiles. Air targets flying at subsonic speeds at altitudes (ranges) up to 2000-2500 m can be hit. Ammunition for the gun is 500 rounds, 160 of which are armor-piercing tracer. A 7.62 mm machine gun is paired with a cannon PKT. The maximum effective range of firing from it is 2000 m. The machine gun is powered by a belt, the rate of fire is 700-800 rounds per minute.

The gun and the machine gun coaxial with it are stabilized in two planes. Electromechanical stabilizer 2E36-1. Aiming weapons at the target is carried out from the control panels of the operator-gunner and commander. The stabilizer has two main modes of operation - automatic and semi-automatic. The first is designed for firing from a place and on the move at ground targets. In this case, stabilization and stabilized guidance of the twin installation in the vertical and horizontal planes are carried out. At an elevation angle of about 35 degrees, the stabilizer automatically switches to semi-automatic mode, which is the main one when firing at air targets. In this case, stabilization and stabilized guidance are also performed in both planes, but with less accuracy. An auxiliary target designation mode is provided, designed to turn the turret in the direction of the target chosen by the commander, with a transfer speed of 30 degrees / s over the shortest distance.

The operator-gunner uses a combined (day and active-passive night periscope) sight with a magnification of x5.6 in the daytime system and x5 in the night one. When operating in active mode using the OU-5 illuminator, the range of vision of a tank-type target is 800 m. Since March 1986, instead of a sight BPK-1-42 sight is installed BPK-2-42 with a few more high performance. In addition to the scope BPK-1-42 at the gunner's workplace there are 3 periscopic electric heating viewing devices TNPO-170A and 1 device TNPT- 1. The commander of the machine has a monocular periscopic day sight 1PZ-3 with x1,2 and x4 magnifications, two viewing devices TNPO-170A and one TNPT-1. In addition, the commander has a combined (day and active night) binocular periscope device TKN-3B with an increase in the day branch 4.75-5.0 times and the night branch 4-4.2 times. Aim 1PZ-3 designed to search for air and ground targets, tracking them and pointing weapons at them. At the same time, shooting at ground targets can be carried out from a place and on the move, and at air targets - from a place.

Anti-tank systems are designed to fight tanks and other heavily armored enemy weapons. 9K111 "Bassoon" or 9K113 "Competition", which can be used in machine and remote versions. The transfer of the anti-tank complex from the machine version to the remote version is carried out by two crew members. A common element of machine and remote launchers is the sight 9Sh119M1.

An important role in ensuring the high firepower of the vehicle is played by the weapons used by the landing arrows. These are 2 machine guns and 6 machine guns, 2 anti-aircraft complex 9K34(instead of one of them it can fit RPG-7), as well as 12 grenades F-1. Ammunition for machine guns (4 boxes with belts of 100 rounds, 6 boxes with belts of 200 rounds and a box with 440 rounds) are placed in the combat and troop compartments. For grenade launcher RPG-7 there are 5 grenades PG-7V.

Defence from conventional means and weapons mass destruction It is ensured by the strength, rigidity and tightness of the armor structure - the hull and turret, as well as the use of special systems that make it difficult for shells to enter the vehicle and reduce the effectiveness of their impact.

The body of the machine is welded, made of rolled sheets of armored steel. Hull parts have different thicknesses and structural angles to provide the best protection against bullets, small-caliber projectiles, shell fragments and mines, as well as structural strength and rigidity. By hull configuration BMP-1 and BMP-2 are close to each other. The greatest differences are in the design of the roof of the hull, which is associated with the installation of a much larger double tower on it. The latter has a conical shape, welded from steel armor plates. On the roof of the tower there are hatches for the commander and operator, holes for mounting sights 1PZ-3 and BPK-1-42, as well as supports launcher ATGM. There are rubber seals on the hatches, nests of all devices and the junction of the hull and tower (between the upper and lower shoulder straps of the ball bearing) that ensure the sealing of the internal space. A lining is installed on the roof of the hull in the troop compartment and on all hatch covers on the inside, which increases the protection of the crew from penetrating radiation.

BMP-2 device: 1 - engine; 2 - driver's observation device; 3 - the observation device of the gunner-paratrooper; 4 - gun 2A42; 5 - tower; 6 - coaxial machine gun; 7 - sight cover; 8 - launcher ATGM "Competition"; 9 - laying ATGM in the fighting compartment; 10 - antenna; 11 - covering tarpaulin; 12 – landing seat back; 13 - ball bearings for machines; 14 – stern door; 15 - track roller; 16 - store for 30-mm shells; 17 - laying ATGM driver; 18 – seat gunner-paratrooper; 19 – driver's seat; 20 - guide wheel; 21 - wing-float; 22 - armored caps; 23 - smoke grenade launchers; 24 - headlight; 25 - rear view device

Crew accommodation in BMP-2.

- uh crew; — landing; — armament

Protection of the crew and landing force from radioactive dust, toxic substances and bacterial agents is provided by a system for sealing habitable compartments and supplying purified air to them, which includes a radiation and chemical reconnaissance device ( PRHR), filter-ventilation unit, permanent and closable seals, actuators. The system has automatic activation with manual override.

The machine is equipped with double-acting fire-fighting equipment, consisting of 2 cylinders with the Freon 114V2 fire extinguishing composition, 4 temperature sensors in the engine compartment, pipelines and a control device. There is also a manual carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2.

The camouflage system includes multiple-action thermal smoke equipment that provides the installation of an invisible (in the visible part of the spectrum) smoke screen 100-150 m wide, and 6 smoke grenade launchers of 81 mm caliber 902В "Cloud". The latter allow using 3D6 smoke grenades (weighing 2.4 kg) to install smoke screens at ranges of 200-300 m. In general, the protective characteristics BMP-2 the same as in BMP-1.

The machine uses a 6-cylinder 4-stroke uncompressed diesel engine UTD-20S1 liquid cooling with direct injection. Its power is 210 ... 221 kW. The weight of the dry engine is about 700 kg. The total capacity of the fuel tanks is 460 liters. AT winter time winter or arctic, and summer summer diesel fuel is used. Specific fuel consumption at maximum power is 238 g/kWh. The lubrication system uses MT-16p, MTZ-10p or M-16IHP-3 oil. Refueling capacity of the system 58 l. Specific oil consumption at a crankshaft speed of 2200 rpm no more than 10.9 g/kWh. To facilitate starting in cold weather, the cooling system has an injector heater with a fire-tube boiler, the engine is equipped with a non-injector flare heater (BFP) for intake air. The main way to start is to start with compressed air, additional - with the help of an electric starter. The valve automatic mechanism of protection of the engine against hit of water is provided. The valve is cocked to its original position by a manual drive.

The transmission is mechanical. The main clutch is multi-plate, dry friction, permanently closed. The gearbox is simple, with constant mesh gears, with synchronizers in second, third, fourth and fifth gears. Provides 5 forward gears and 1 reverse gear. When the slow range is enabled, the speeds are reduced by 1.44 times. Mechanisms of rotation are planetary, two-stage. Their slewing brakes and locking clutches are multi-disc, oil-on-ceramic friction lubricated. Stopping brakes tape, floating, double-acting, dry. Control drives: main clutch - hydraulic (when the engine is not running - pneumatic); gear shifting - mechanical with hydraulic serving in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th gears; planetary turning mechanisms - hydraulic with a follow-up effect on the friction clutches and brakes of the PMP; stopping brakes - hydraulic follow-up action (when the engine is not running - pneumatic); parking brake (left brake of stopping brakes) - mechanical. The mass of the gearbox with the main clutch, PMP, brakes and hydraulic drive is about 540 kg. Onboard gearboxes are planetary, single-stage. The oil used in them is MT-8p, TSZp-8 or MT-16p.

Caterpillar mover with front drive wheels. Caterpillars lantern gearing with rubber-metal hinges. Track width 300 mm, weight 625 kg (each). The drive wheels are welded cast with removable gear rims. Welded-cast guide wheels are installed in the aft part of the machine body on the cranks of the caterpillar tension mechanism. Support and support rollers are welded with rubber-coated rims. The weight of the track roller is 41 kg. To lubricate the track rollers, Litol-24 is used, while the supporting rollers are lubricated with MT-16p oil.

Suspension independent, torsion bar with double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers on the first, second and sixth suspension units. On the 2nd and 4th nodes, rubber ones are installed, and on the 1st and 6th - spring stops (stops of the rollers).

BMP-2 took an active part in the hostilities in Chechnya and some other regions in the post-Soviet space, as well as in Afghanistan, Syria, and African countries.

Infantry fighting vehicles BMP-2 Russian army in Chechnya, 2000
BMP-2 in the classroom of the 4th separate tank brigade ZVO. The Golovenki training ground near Naro-Fominsk, March 29, 2012
- Body length (with cannon forward)
- Width
- Height
– Clearance
– Base x track	no data
– Track width (track pitch)
Average specific ground pressure, kg/sq.cm
Armament (ammunition):
- 30 mm gun 2A42 - 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun PKT - PU ATGM 9M111 "Bassoon" / 9M113 "Competition" - MANPADS 9K34 "Strela-3" or RPG-7
Elevation angles, deg.
Armament stabilizer
Loading mechanism	2-tape power
aiming devices	2 x BOD-1-42 (periscope, day/night), 1P3-3 (anti-aircraft)
IR illuminator
Surveillance devices
Number of embrasures (of which for machine guns)
Means of setting a smoke screen	6 x 902V "Cloud", TDA
Engine type and brand	diesel UTD-20S1
Maximum power, hp (kW)
Number of cylinders
Number of revolutions / min
Specific power, hp/t
Fuel tank capacity, l
Transmission	dry friction multi-plate main clutch, 5-speed manual transmission, planetary 2-speed steering gears, planetary single-stage final drives
Maximum speed (afloat), km/h:
Power reserve, km
Overcome obstacles:
- rise, hail.
- roll, hail.	no data
- wall, m
- ford, m
Booking, mm
radio station
Navigation equipment

Weight in combat gear, t: 14

Combat crew (crew + landing), people: 3+7

Length, m: 6,710

Width, m: 3,090

Full height, m: 2,060

Main armament: automatic gun 2A42 30 mm

Auxiliary armament: coaxial machine gun 7.62 mm

Additional weapons: ATGM 9P135M (9P135M-1) Ammunition for the gun, rounds: 500 Ammunition for the machine gun, cartridges: 2000 Ammunition for the ATGM, pcs.: 4

Maximum travel speed, km/h: 65

Fuel range, km: 500

Engine: diesel UTD-2001

Engine power, kW: 210-221

Transmission: simple mechanical

Suspension: torsion bar with telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers

The car was first shown to the general public at a military parade in November 1982. It is a further development of the widespread BMP-1. The fundamental difference from the latter is the new weapon system installed on the BMP-2. The fact is that with the help of the previous complex (73-mm gun, coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun and ATGM "Malyutka"), with great difficulty, fire missions were solved to defeat typical "infantry" targets - open, lying and especially sheltered manpower, light armored vehicles such as the American M113 armored personnel carrier, light defensive structures, as well as repelling attacks from low-flying aircraft and helicopters. In addition, the experience of the combat use of the BMP-1 showed that the 2A28 gun does not provide an effective fight against tanks and other armored vehicles, both due to insufficient accuracy and short firing range, and due to the low power of the ammunition at the target. Therefore, on the BMP-1, only ATGMs are practically used to defeat such targets. The main armament of the BMP-2 is a 30 mm 2A42 automatic cannon mounted in a two-man rotating turret. A machine gun of 7.62 mm caliber is paired with a cannon. The 9P135M (9P135M-1) launcher is located on the roof of the turret between the commander's and gunner's hatches. Thus, the weapons installed in the vehicle make it possible to fight against various targets, including tanks and combat helicopters. The chassis of the BMP-2 is similar in design and technical characteristics to the chassis of the BMP-1. The combat crew of the vehicle consists of 10 people: a non-dismountable part (crew) 3 people (the commander of the vehicle, he is also the squad leader, gunner and driver) and 7 paratroopers. The latter can conduct aimed fire from personal weapons through special loopholes. The control compartment is located in the left front of the machine body. It houses the driver's workplace, equipped with vehicle movement controls, control and measuring devices, observation devices, a communication device (A-3 tank intercom device - TPU). Behind the driver's seat is the workplace of one shooter. It is equipped with a loophole for firing from personal weapons (on the left side of the hull), TNP-165A and TNPO-170A surveillance devices, as well as an A-3 TPU apparatus. The right front part of the machine body is occupied by the engine-transmission compartment (MTO). It is combined along the length of the machine with the control compartment. These compartments are separated by a heat and sound insulating partition, in which there are hatches for access to the MTO units. The engine, gearbox and planetary rotation mechanisms are combined into a power unit, and the radiators of the cooling system, engine lubrication systems, transmission oil system, ejector and air cleaner - into a cooling and air cleaning unit. The latter is attached to the roof beams of the hull. The fighting compartment is located in the middle of the vehicle. It occupies the turret and turret space in the hull. It houses the main and auxiliary weapons and their systems, as well as the workplaces of the commander (on the right) and the operator-gunner (on the left). Magazines with cartridges for a machine gun and a system that provides tape power to the gun with armor-piercing tracer and high-explosive fragmentation rounds are mounted on a rotating floor. ATGM stacks are installed in the turret space (one) and on the starboard side of the hull (three). The workplaces of the commander and operator are equipped with observation, aiming and weapon control devices. The commander has a R-123M radio station and an A-1 TPU apparatus. The operator has a control panel for the 902B smoke screen setting system. For internal communication, the A-2 TPU apparatus is used. In the aft part of the vehicle body in the troop compartment, 6 shooters are located at their workplaces. Each workplace has a TNPO-170A device for monitoring the terrain while moving "in combat", loopholes for firing machine guns (front) and AKM assault rifles (others). For the entrance and exit of the shooters in the stern of the car there are two doors. In each of them, a TNPO-170A device is installed, and in the left door there is also an embrasure for firing from AKM. In the roof of the hull above the seats there are two hatches for the exit of shooters when the vehicle is moving afloat, firing at air targets, observing the terrain on the march, emergency evacuation, etc. The troop compartment is divided into two parts (right and left) by a medium fuel tank and an electrical equipment container, which houses two batteries, electrical equipment units and a troop compartment heater. In the troop compartment, A-3 and A-4 TPU devices are used for internal communication. The R-126 radio station is located in the niche of the right door. The 30 mm 2A42 automatic cannon has a dual-ribbon feed. The fire from it is carried out by armor-piercing, high-explosive-incendiary fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells. Two rates of fire are provided - small (200-300 rds / min) and large (at least 550 rds / min). Sighting ranges for ground targets are 2000 for armor-piercing and 4000 m for other types of projectiles. Air targets flying at subsonic speeds at altitudes (ranges) up to 2000-2500 m can be hit. Ammunition for the cannon is 500 rounds, 160 of which are armor-piercing tracers. A 7.62-mm PKT machine gun is paired with the cannon.

The greatest effective range of fire from it is 2000 m. The machine gun is powered by a belt, the rate of fire is 700-800 rounds per minute. The gun and the machine gun coaxial with it are stabilized in two planes. Electromechanical stabilizer 2E36-1. Aiming weapons at the target is carried out from the control panels of the operator-gunner and commander. The stabilizer has two main operating modes - automatic and semi-automatic. The first is designed for firing from a place and on the move at ground targets. In this case, stabilization and stabilized guidance of the twin installation in the vertical and horizontal planes are carried out. At an elevation angle of about 35 degrees, the stabilizer automatically switches to semi-automatic mode, which is the main one when firing at air targets. In this case, stabilization and stabilized guidance are also performed in both planes, but with less accuracy. An auxiliary target designation mode is provided, designed to turn the turret in the direction of the target chosen by the commander, with a transfer speed of 30 degrees / s over the shortest distance. The operator-gunner uses a combined (day and active-passive night periscope) sight with a magnification of x5.6 in the daytime system and x5 in the night one. When operating in active mode using the OU-5 illuminator, the range of vision of a tank-type target is 800 m. Since March 1986, instead of the BPK-1-42 sight, the BPK-2-42 sight with slightly higher characteristics has been installed. In addition to the BPK-1-42 sight, the gunner’s workplace has 3 TNPO-170A periscope electric heating viewing devices and 1 TNPT-1 device. TNPO-170A and one TNPT-1. In addition, the commander has a combined (day and active night) binocular periscope device TKN-3B with a magnification in the day branch of 4.75-5.0 times and in the night branch of 4-4.2 times. The 1PZ-3 sight is designed to search for air and ground targets, track them and aim weapons at them. At the same time, shooting at ground targets can be carried out from a place and on the move, and at air targets - from a place. To combat tanks and other heavily armored enemy weapons, an anti-tank system is designed, which can be used in engine and remote versions. The transfer of the anti-tank complex from the machine version to the remote version is carried out by two crew members. A common element of the machine and remote launchers is the 9Sh119M1 sight. An important role in ensuring the high firepower of the machine is played by the weapon used by the landing arrows. These are 2 machine guns and 6 machine guns, 2 anti-aircraft systems 9K34 (instead of one of them, RPG-7 can fit), as well as 12 F-1 grenades.

Ammunition for machine guns (4 boxes with belts of 100 rounds, 6 boxes with belts of 200 rounds and a box with 440 rounds) are located in the combat and troop compartments. For the RPG-7 grenade launcher, there are 5 PG-7V grenades. Protection against conventional means and weapons of mass destruction is ensured by the strength, rigidity and tightness of the armor structure - the hull and turret, as well as the use of special systems that make it difficult for shells to enter the vehicle and reduce their effectiveness. The body of the machine is welded, made of rolled sheets of armored steel. Hull parts have different thicknesses and structural angles to provide the best protection against bullets, small-caliber projectiles, shell fragments and mines, as well as structural strength and rigidity. According to the configuration of the body of the BMP-1 and BMP-2 are close to each other. The greatest differences are in the design of the roof of the hull, which is associated with the installation of a much larger double tower on it. The latter has a conical shape, welded from steel armor plates. On the roof of the tower there are hatches for the commander and operator, holes for mounting sights 1PZ-3 and BPK-1-42, as well as supports for the ATGM launcher.

There are rubber seals on the hatches, nests of all devices and the junction of the hull and tower (between the upper and lower shoulder straps of the ball bearing) that ensure the sealing of the internal space. A lining is installed on the roof of the hull in the troop compartment and on all hatch covers on the inside, which increases the protection of the crew from penetrating radiation. Protection of the crew and landing force from radioactive dust, toxic substances and bacterial agents is provided by a sealing system for habitable compartments and supplying purified air to them, which includes a radiation and chemical reconnaissance device (PRKhR), a filter-ventilation unit, permanent and closing seals, actuators. The system has automatic activation with manual override. The machine is equipped with double-acting fire-fighting equipment, consisting of 2 cylinders with the Freon 114V2 fire extinguishing composition, 4 temperature sensors in the engine compartment, pipelines and a control device. There is also a hand-held carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2. The camouflage system includes a multiple-action thermal smoke equipment that provides the installation of an invisible (in the visible part of the spectrum) smoke screen 100-150 m wide, and 6 smoke grenade launchers of 81 mm caliber. The latter allow using 3D6 smoke grenades (weighing 2.4 kg) to install smoke screens at ranges of 200-300 m. In general, the protective characteristics of the BMP-2 are the same as those of the BMP-1. The machine uses a 6-cylinder 4-stroke compressorless diesel UTD-2001 liquid-cooled with direct injection. Its power is 210 - 221 kW. The weight of the dry engine is about 700 kg. The total capacity of the fuel tanks is 460 liters. In winter, winter or arctic diesel fuel is used, and in summer summer diesel fuel is used. Specific fuel consumption at maximum power is 238 g/kWh. The lubrication system uses MT-16p, MTZ-10p or M-16IHP-3 oil. Refueling capacity of the system 58 l. Specific oil consumption at a crankshaft speed of 2200 rpm no more than 10.9 g/kWh.

To facilitate starting in cold weather, the cooling system has an injector heater with a fire-tube boiler, the engine is equipped with a non-injector flare heater (BFP) for intake air. The main way to start is to start with compressed air, additional - with the help of an electric starter. The valve automatic mechanism of protection of the engine against hit of water is provided. The valve is cocked to its original position by a manual drive. The transmission is mechanical. The main clutch is multi-plate, dry friction, permanently closed. The gearbox is simple, with constant mesh gears, with synchronizers in second, third, fourth and fifth gears. Provides 5 forward gears and 1 reverse gear. When the slow range is enabled, the speeds are reduced by 1.44 times. Mechanisms of rotation are planetary, two-stage. Their slewing brakes and locking clutches are multi-disc, oil-on-ceramic friction lubricated. Stopping brakes tape, floating, double-acting, dry. Control drives: main clutch - hydraulic (when the engine is not running - pneumatic); gear change - mechanical with hydraulic serving on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th gears; planetary turning mechanisms - hydraulic with a follow-up effect on the clutches and brakes of the PMP; stopping brakes - hydraulic follow-up action (when the engine is not running - pneumatic); parking brake (left brake of stopping brakes) - mechanical. The mass of the gearbox with the main clutch, PMP, brakes and hydraulic drive is about 540 kg. Onboard gearboxes are planetary, single-stage. The oil used in them is MT-8p, TSZp-8 or MT-16p. Caterpillar mover with front drive wheels. Caterpillars lantern gearing with rubber-metal hinges. Track width 300 mm, weight 625 kg (each). The drive wheels are welded cast with removable gear rims. Welded-cast guide wheels are installed in the aft part of the machine body on the cranks of the caterpillar tension mechanism. Support and support rollers are welded with rubber-coated rims. The weight of the track roller is 41 kg. To lubricate the road wheels, Litol-24 is used, while the support rollers are lubricated with MT-16p oil. Suspension independent, torsion bar with double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers on the first, second and sixth suspension units. On the 2nd and 4th nodes, rubber ones are installed, and on the 1st and 6th - spring stops (stops of the rollers).