Armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle. History of creation and production

Health 27.06.2019
Health

Reconnaissance and observation of the enemy is the most important component of military art, which makes it possible to adequately assess the enemy's forces and plan the actions of one's own troops. Tactical reconnaissance is especially important, since it is impossible to conduct a modern battle without knowing the capabilities of the enemy, his strengths and weaknesses. The commander needs to know where the enemy's artillery and armored vehicles are located, what their number is, it is necessary to determine the location of his anti-aircraft and anti-tank weapons.

Today, the BRDM-2 reconnaissance vehicle is in service with the units of the Russian army. It has a gasoline engine and relatively low security, armed with a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun. Its main advantage is high permeability. Serial production of the BRDM-2 began in 1963.

The car took part in many conflicts, survived many upgrades. The design of the BRDM-2 turned out to be so successful that even today it is in service with dozens of armies of the world, its licensed production continues in Poland. In the army, this combat vehicle is affectionately called "Bardak". However, in Russia mass production BRDM-2 was completed in 1989.

History of creation

Already during the Second World War, scouts widely used motorcycles, trucks and even armored vehicles. After the war in the USSR, work began on the creation of a specialized armored vehicle for intelligence officers. She had to be distinguished by increased cross-country ability and be able to swim, overcome swamps, ravines, rivers and lakes.

First of all, the BRDM-2 entered service with the reconnaissance units of the Soviet army, as well as the signal and chemical defense troops. According to the state, there were 28 BRDM-2s per tank or motorized rifle division.

Machine device

The layout of the BRDM-2 is classic, in the front part there is a control compartment, in the middle part there is a fighting compartment, and in the aft part of the vehicle there is an engine compartment. The crew consists of four people: the commander and driver are located in the control compartment, and the gunner and observer are in the fighting compartment. The hull consists of armor rolled sheets connected by welding. It is sealed, which allows the machine to overcome water obstacles.

In the central part of the hull, a conical turret is installed, armed with twin machine guns 14.5 mm KPVT and 7.62 mm PKT. Under the turret there is a hanging seat for the machine gunner. Fire can be fired 180 ° in the horizontal plane, vertical angle shelling ranges from -5° to +30°. For firing, there is a PP-61A periscope sight and a guidance drive. KPVT can fire at distances up to 2 thousand meters, and from PKT - up to 1.5 thousand. KPVT is suitable for destroying lightly armored enemy vehicles, PKT is used to defeat enemy manpower, its ammunition load is 2 thousand rounds.

At the rear of the BRDM-2 body is the power compartment. It is separated from the combat compartment by an armored partition. It houses: a GAZ-41 engine, a gearbox, a filtering unit, a generator, a storage battery, radiators, a device for starting the engine in manual mode. Low fuel consumption allows the car to overcome 750 km on one gas station.

To observe the environment, the commander has a TPKU-2B panorama, on which a night vision device can be installed. The commander and driver have several fixed periscope observation devices at their disposal.

The BRDM-2 is equipped with an eight-cylinder V-engine with a capacity of 140 hp. With. The same engines were installed on the Chaika government vehicles. The capacity of the fuel tanks is 280 liters. Transmission - mechanical, there is one reverse and four forward speeds.

The reconnaissance vehicle has a wheeled undercarriage, it is similar to the BRDM-1. All wheels have a pressure adjustment system, which can be changed both at a stop and while driving. The suspension of the machine is spring, on each axle there are two hydraulic shock absorbers.

A feature of the BRDM-2 are four additional wheels that can be used to overcome trenches and trenches. All wheels of the reconnaissance vehicle (both main and additional) are leading.

In the aft part of the BRDM-2 there is a water jet, which allows the machine to reach speeds of up to 10 km / h afloat. A rudder is installed on its outlet pipe for maneuvering the water. The reverse rotation of the propellers provides the BRDM-2 astern. The water deflector shield increases the safety of movement on water.

A winch is installed on the front of the machine, the traction force on the cable is 4 thousand kgf.

Modifications of the BRDM-2

The BRDM-2 is still in service with many armies of the world, although the serial production of the vehicle was stopped in 1989. Therefore, it is not surprising that the modernization of the BRDM-2 was carried out repeatedly. To date, the equipment and units installed on machines 30-40 years ago are outdated both morally and physically.

Experience shows that when finalized, the BRDM-2 is able to effectively perform both reconnaissance functions and be a platform for installing various weapons. Use BRDM-2 and in peaceful purposes, this car makes an excellent civilian vehicle for overcoming off-road.

In the 90s, several modifications of the BRDM-2 appeared in Russia at once:

This modification was developed at the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant. Additional wheels were removed from the structure, a D-245.9 diesel turbodiesel was installed instead of a gasoline engine, and the turret was also replaced. It was this option that was later adopted by the Russian army.

The Muromteplovoz company offered its customers a BRDM-2 with various types towers with a high elevation angle and a variety of additional weapons (for example, an automatic grenade launcher or a cannon). More powerful engines and modern navigation and communication systems were installed on the machines. The dismantling of additional wheels made it possible to increase the number of crew members to six people.

Many modifications of the machine were made in Ukraine. After the collapse of the USSR, a significant amount of BRDM-2 remained in this country:

BRDM-2LD. An option for upgrading the machine with the dismantling of additional wheels and a new diesel engine SMD-21-08. The model was produced at the Nikolaev Mechanical Repair Plant.

BRDM-2DI "Khazar". Another modification developed by Nikolaev. Additional wheels were replaced with side doors, a new IVECO diesel engine and modern weapon systems were installed.

Modification of the machine, developed by the Vinnitsa 45th experimental plant. In it, the gasoline engine is replaced by an ISUZU diesel engine.

BRDM-2MB1. This is a Belarusian modification of the car. Additional wheels and water cannons were removed and landing hatches were made instead. A powerful diesel engine, modern communication and surveillance systems, as well as the Adunok combat module are installed on the vehicle.

MBTS "Cayman". Another modernization of the BRDM-2, carried out in Belarus. Armored glass was installed in the front of the car, additional wheels were dismantled. The bottom of the car received a V-shape, the gasoline engine was replaced by a modern diesel engine.

BRDM-2M-96ik Szakal. Modification created in 2003 in Poland. A powerful diesel engine, a new radio station, air conditioning, anti-cumulative screens are installed on the car. The KPVT was replaced by the WKM-B machine gun.

This is far from full list modifications of the BRDM-2, created in different years in different countries. The main areas of modernization were: replacing the engine with a more powerful one, dismantling additional wheels that complicated the design and made the car heavier, installing modern systems communications and surveillance. Often, during modernization, the main armament of the vehicle was replaced.

Over the years of operation, at least two dozen varieties of special vehicles were created on the basis of the BRDM-2. The BRDM-2 turned out to be an excellent base for installing various anti-tank systems; almost all anti-tank systems created in the USSR were installed on it.

Combat use

The BRDM-2 was used by the Soviet army for many years, this car was supplied to all member countries of the Warsaw Pact and actively exported outside of it. So the track record of the BRDM-2 is very solid.

The car took part in the invasion of the troops of the VD countries into Czechoslovakia.

The BRDM-2 became the hero of one of the biggest battles of the Yom Kippur War. On October 6, 1973, the Egyptian army crossed the Suez Canal and was met by an Israeli armored division. With the help of the Malyutka anti-tank systems installed on the BRDM-2, more than 150 M48 and M60 tanks were destroyed. No less successfully used BRDM-2 with anti-tank systems against Israeli tanks in Syria.

Very widely BRDM-2 were used in Africa. Due to their simplicity, reliability and low cost, these machines are very fond of the military personnel of African states. There were especially many BRDM-2s in Angola, however, the Cuban fighters who used them noted that the Soviet vehicle was inferior in terms of protection and combat power to South African armored vehicles.

The BRDM-2 was also used during all Iraqi conflicts. The machine was actively used by the Soviet troops in Afghanistan and proved to be pretty good.

Russian federal troops actively used the BRDM-2 during the first and second Chechen campaigns. It was also used by the separatists. The car proved to be poorly adapted to combat operations in urban conditions. The level of its security and firepower.

Russia used the BRDM-2 during the war with Georgia in 2008. Now the machine is used by both sides of the conflict in eastern Ukraine.

Specifications

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It is a further development of the BRDM-1. Serially produced from 1963 to 1989 by the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant (as well as under license in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia). BRDM-2 has low security, armor protects against bullets small arms and splinters. main feature cars - very high traffic. In addition to the main all-wheel drive chassis with adjustable tire pressure, in the middle part of the hull there are special additional retractable wheels, which allow, in particular, to overcome significant ditches and trenches. Currently used to varying degrees in the intelligence units of more than 50 countries. The troops have the nickname Bardak. In the USSR, production was completed in November 1989. Production continues under license in Poland.

History of creation and production

Combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicle was developed in design office Gorky car factory. The work was supervised by V.A. Dedkov. May 22, 1962 the car was put into service. Serial production of the machine was organized in 1963 at GAZ, and from 1965 at the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant and continued until 1989.

Is in service

Russia - more than 2000 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Algeria - 26 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Angola - 600 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Afghanistan - a certain amount of BRDM-1 and BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Belarus - some BRDM-2
-Benin - 14 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Bulgaria - 24 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Burundi - 30 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Vietnam - 100 BRDM-1 / BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Guinea - 25 BRDM-1 / BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Guinea-Bissau - 10 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Egypt - 300 BRDM-2 (in the Egyptian army it was called Leopard, as of 2010
-Zambia - 70 BRDM-1 / BRDM-2, of which about 30 are estimated to be combat-ready, as of 2010
-India - 600 units were delivered from the USSR in the period from 1977 to 1979
-Indonesia - 21 BRDM-2, as of 2007
-Yemen - 50 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Cabo Verde - 10 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Kazakhstan - 140 BRDM-2, as of 2007
- Cambodia - a certain amount of BRDM-2, as of 2010
- Kyrgyzstan - 30 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Ivory Coast - 13 BRDM-2, as of 2010
- Republic of the Congo - 25 BRDM-1 / BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Cuba - a certain amount of BRDM-1 and BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Libya - 50 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Lithuania - 10 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Mauritius - a certain amount of BRDM-2 as of 2010
-Madagascar - about 35 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Macedonia - 10 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Mali - 55 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Mozambique - 30 BRDM-1 / BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Mongolia - 120 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Namibia - 12 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Nicaragua - 20 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Palestinian National Authority - 45 units delivered from Russia between 1995 and 1996, 25 units delivered from Russia in 2007
-Peru - 30 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Poland - 376 BRDM-2, as of 2010
- Transnistria - a certain amount incl. to the dowry of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
-Seychelles - 6 BRDM-2, rated as non-combat-ready, as of 2010
-Serbia - 46 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Syria - 590 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Somalia - a certain amount of BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Slovakia - 129 BRDM-2, as of 2007
-Slovenia - 8 BRDM-2, as of 2007
- Sudan - 60 BRDM-1 / BRDM-2, as of 2010
-USA - 7 BRDM-2 units were delivered from Germany in 1991
-Tanzania - 10 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Turkmenistan - 170 BRDM-1 and BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Uzbekistan - 13 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Ukraine - more than 600 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Croatia - 2 BRDM-2, as of 2011
-CAR - 1 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Chad - about 100 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Equatorial Guinea - 6 BRDM-2, as of 2010
-Eritrea - 40 BRDM-1 / BRDM-2, as of 2010
- Ethiopia - 120 units were delivered from the USSR in the period from 1977 to 1982, 60 units were delivered from the USSR in the period from 1985 to 1988, as of 2007 there is a certain amount in service.

Combat use

Operation Danube
-The Yom Kippur War One of the largest battles involving the BRDM-2, armed with the Malyutka ATGM, took place on October 6, 1973, when the Egyptian army crossed the Suez Canal. Egyptian troops crossing the channel were attacked by Israeli M48 Patton and M60 Patton tanks of the 252nd Armored Division. The tanks marched without preliminary reconnaissance and without infantry, which led to their defeat. Egyptian BRDMs and infantry knocked out and burned 165 Israeli M48 and M60 tanks. Burnt tanks littered the desert in front of the Egyptian positions. Landing vehicles were also used on the Syrian front. In particular, on October 12, the Syrian BRDM-2 and infantry stopped the advance of Israeli tanks of the 188th reserve brigade along the Quneitra-Damascus highway, while the Israelis suffered heavy losses.
-Sino-Vietnamese War
-Afghan war (1979-1989)
- Armed conflict in South Ossetia- according to independent experts of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, Russian troops lost 3 BRDM. One of the drivers of the Russian BRDM-2, Oleg Rudel, was awarded the medal "For Courage".
- Armed conflict in eastern Ukraine.

Characteristics

Classification: combat reconnaissance vehicle / armored car
- Combat weight, t: 7.0
- Crew, people: 4
-Dimensions:
- Case length, mm: 5750
- Hull width, mm: 2350
- Height, mm: 2395
- Base, mm: 3100
- Track, mm: 1840 front 1790 rear
-Clearance, mm: 330
-Booking:
- Armor type: rolled steel
- Forehead of the hull (top), mm/deg.: 5
- Forehead of the hull (bottom), mm / city: 14
- Hull board, mm/deg.: 7
- Hull feed, mm / city: 7
- Bottom, mm: 2..3
- Hull roof, mm: 7
- Forehead of the tower, mm / city: 10
- Tower board, mm/deg.: 7
- Tower feed, mm / city: 7
- Tower roof, mm: 7
-Armament:
- Angles VN, degrees: -5..+30
- GN angles, degrees: 360
-Firing range, km: 1..2 (KPVT) 1.5 (PKT)
-Sights: PP-61AM
-Machine guns: 1 x 14.5 mm KPVT 1 x 7.62 mm PKT
-Mobility:
-Engine: Manufacturer: Gorky Automobile Plant Brand: GAZ-41 Type: carburetor gasoline Volume: 5530 cc. Maximum power: 103 kW (140 hp) at 3400 rpm Maximum torque: 350 Nm at 2500 rpm Configuration: V8 Cylinders: 8 Bore: 100 mm Stroke: 88 mm Compression ratio : 6.7 Cooling: liquid Cycle (number of strokes): 4 Cylinder firing order: 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8 Maximum speed: 3650 Recommended fuel: A-76
-Speed ​​on the highway, km / h: 95..100
-Speed ​​over rough terrain, km / h: 8..10 afloat
- Cruising range on the highway, km: up to 750
- Specific power, l. s./t: 20.0
-Wheel formula: 4x4 (8x8)
- Suspension type: on semi-elliptic leaf springs
- Specific ground pressure, kg/sq.cm: 0.5..2.7
- Climbability, deg.: 30
- overcome wall, m: 0.4
- Crossable moat, m: 1.22
- Crossable ford, m: floats

BRDM-2


In the early 1960s, work began in the Soviet Union on the creation of a new "steel" reconnaissance vehicle to replace the already outdated BRDM armored reconnaissance vehicle, which was in service with the reconnaissance units of the Soviet army. In 1962, the design bureau of the Gorky Automobile Plant, under the leadership of the chief designer V. A. Dedkov, began designing a new generation machine - the BRDM-2. And already on May 22 of the same year, the BRDM-2 armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle was put into service by order of the USSR Minister of Defense. For the first time, the BRDM-2 was publicly demonstrated at a parade in Moscow on Red Square in 1966. BRDM-2 was mass-produced at the Gorky Automobile Plant from 1965 to 1989.
The new machine embodies the best qualities of its predecessor, while having significantly more firepower, better driving performance and a higher level of crew protection. When creating the BRDM-2, in comparison with the BRDM, it changed the layout, introduced a tower, installed reinforced weapons, improved the design of power transmission units, chassis, electrical equipment, communications and auxiliary systems.

BRDM-2 was made according to the layout scheme with a rear engine compartment. Unlike the BRDM, the control compartment was located in the front of the hull, the fighting compartment in the middle, and the power compartment in the aft. Such a layout scheme, in comparison with the layout of the BRDM, made it possible to improve the visibility of the terrain from the driver's workplace and improve the water-carrying qualities of the vehicle, since the installation of the engine in the rear of the hull provided a stable trim to the stern. At the same time, the drive axles and drivelines to them were under the bottom of the hull, thereby violating its streamlined shape. Above the fighting compartment in the center of the hull, a welded rotating machine-gun turret was mounted on the chase, unified with the turret of the BTR-60 PB armored personnel carrier.

The fully enclosed hermetic hull of the vehicle has a welded structure and is made of rolled steel armor plates. The thickness of the armor in the frontal part is 10 millimeters, the front part of the welded conical turret is made of armor plates 6 millimeters thick. The armor protects against bullets and fragments of artillery shells and small-caliber mines.

The armament of the vehicle included a BPU-1 turret machine gun mount of circular rotation with a sufficiently powerful armament - a 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine gun with an ammunition load of 500 rounds and a 7.62 mm Kalashnikov PKT tank machine gun coaxial with it (ammunition load of 2000 rounds). The KPVT large-caliber machine gun and the PKT machine gun, mounted in a rotating armored conical turret, were mounted in a rigid welded cradle. Shock absorbers, box holders, sleeve links and sleeve collectors were fixed on the cradle.

Lifting mechanism - sector type, swivel - gear. Drives pointing weapons - manual. For firing from a turret gunner, a PP-61 A periscope sight was provided.
In front of the car in the control department, the jobs of the driver and the commander of the car were equipped (his place is located on the starboard side). For observation from the car, there were two large windows, closed if necessary with armored shutters, and ten prism devices: four TNP-1 devices for the commander and six TNP-A devices for the driver. In addition, the commander had at his disposal a periscope observation device TPKU-2 B with a fivefold increase. At night, the commander of the vehicle instead of the daytime observation device TPKU-2 installed the night one - TKN-1 C, and the driver - the night vision device TVN-2 B. To eliminate the blinding effect of headlights of oncoming vehicles, flares, fires and other light sources, night vision devices were equipped with a special device - a shielding device (curtain). Above the seats of the driver and commander in the roof of the hull mounted large hatches. On the sides of the car there were loopholes for firing from personal weapons, hermetically covered with armored shutters.

The BRDM-2 had higher speed characteristics than the BRDM. When driving on the highway, it developed a maximum speed of up to 80 km / h. Its smallest turning radius was 9 meters. On rough terrain, the car overcame obstacles with the largest elevation angle - 30 degrees, a vertical wall - 0.4 meters and a moat 1.22 meters wide. An important combat characteristic of the BRDM-2 is a cruising range of 750 kilometers.

The power plant, consisting of an 8-cylinder liquid-cooled GAZ-41 carburetor V-shaped engine, with a power of 140 hp. at 3200 rpm, moved to the stern, which improved the internal layout of the machine.

The undercarriage did not fundamentally differ from the undercarriage of the BRDM, with the exception of the suspension, where telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers were installed on each axle, instead of lever-piston ones, and consisted of front and rear axles, suspension, four main wheels and four additional wheels, lowered to overcome trenches and trenches up to 1.2 meters wide. Additional pneumatic wheels were performed leading with a mechanical drive from the transmission. The front wheels were controlled by a steering gear equipped with a hydraulic booster. The car had a system of centralized regulation of air pressure in tires. Brakes - shoe, sealed, with hydraulic drive and pneumatic boosters. The water cannon and the drive to the drive wheels could work simultaneously if necessary. Thus, a very high cross-country ability of the machine was ensured.

The designers paid close attention to increasing the cross-country ability of the BRDM-2. After all, scouts have to operate day and night, spring and late autumn, in the summer heat and in the winter cold. And such a car has to move behind enemy lines not only along the highway. Therefore, it was made adaptable to various road conditions, capable of equally confidently overcoming wet roads, arable land, wetlands, sands and virgin snow. All four main wheels of the BRDM-2 are driving. On steep inclines or other difficult terrain, the driver shifted to a lower gear and included the front axle. If this was not enough, it was possible to reduce the ground pressure or increase it by turning on the tire pressure control system. This could be done both in the parking lot and when the car was moving directly from the driver's seat. normal pressure in tires - 2.7 kgf / sq. cm. When meeting a swampy area, the driver switched on a lower gear and reduced the pressure in the tires. At the same time, they seemed to be flattened out, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe support increased sharply. BRDM-2, although at a reduced speed, but still confidently could continue to move. In other conditions, it was necessary to increase the pressure in the tires - for example, when driving on sand, when it was necessary to keep track of the car in front. In winter, on the snow cover up to 0.3 meters deep, it was possible to ride on the BRDM-2 without reducing the pressure in the cylinders, since the wheels pushed the snow to the frozen ground and adhered well to it. At higher snowdrifts, the pressure in the slopes decreased.
The movement of the BRDM-2 on the water was carried out using a jet propulsion unit (installed in the stern) with hydraulic actuators for controlling the damper and wave deflector. The water rudders of the car were interlocked with the steering gear. The four-blade propeller sucked in water through the intake pipe located in the bottom, and threw it out through the hole in the aft hull sheet. During movement on land, this hole was closed with a special armored flap. Reverse was provided by changing the direction of rotation of the screw. To turn afloat, water rudders located in the outlet pipe of the jet propulsion served. The drive to them is interlocked with the wheel control drive. Traffic safety on the water was provided by a wave shield (when driving on land, it is set to the lower position to improve visibility) and a high-performance water pumping system. The maximum speed afloat was 10 km / h.

The machine was equipped with a winch mounted in front of the hull.

BRDM-2 received modern radio equipment, which included: VHF radio station R-123 with a range of stable radio communication in microtelephone mode up to 20 kilometers. At the same time, searchless entry into communication and its non-tuning maintenance were ensured, which sharply increased the efficiency of work. Given the lack of time for scouts, this was of no small importance. In addition, the BRDM-2 was equipped additional equipment, which includes: TNA-2 navigation equipment with heading and path sensors, a control panel and a coordinate-counting decisive device, a converter and a heading indicator. These devices automatically determined the coordinates of the machine and indicated the course (directional) angle of its movement. The vehicle was also equipped with a DP-ZB radiometer; military instrument of chemical reconnaissance VPKhR; supercharger to create excess pressure inside the machine; fire extinguishing means; windshield blower system; heater; towing devices; a water-pumping device powered by a water cannon (with two valves for draining water from the hull), and life jackets STZH-58.

The BRDM-2 turned out to be a highly maneuverable combat vehicle. An increase in engine power, an improvement in power transmission units, the introduction of a rotating turret and the installation of more powerful weapons increased the combat effectiveness of the vehicle and ensured the reliable operation of units and systems. The car had high dynamic qualities, a large power reserve, increased cross-country ability and was able to overcome water obstacles on the move. The BRDM-2 has proven itself in combat operations in numerous local conflicts.

The BRDM-2 was in service with the reconnaissance and headquarters units of the Soviet army, as well as in the signal and chemical troops. They were widely used in internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs, border troops of the KGB and marines Navy. Self-propelled anti-tank systems of all types were in service with anti-tank units of motorized rifle and tank regiments.

The BRDM-2 received its baptism of fire in the Middle East during the Arab-Israeli war in 1973, and then was used in Vietnam, in numerous military conflicts in Africa and in the Iran-Iraq war. In units and subunits of a limited contingent Soviet troops in Afghanistan, the BRDM-2 was used mainly for patrolling and guarding.

During the production process, the BRDM-2 was repeatedly upgraded, including the installation of a new machine-gun turret with an increased vertical pointing angle and more modern sighting equipment, similar to the equipment of the BTR-70 M. The new machine, designated BRDM-2 D, was also equipped with smoke grenade launchers and a more powerful and economical YaMZ-534 diesel engine, due to which its speed increased to 100 km / h.

On the basis of armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicles BRDM-2, a large number of combat vehicles were created and put into serial production. various types with anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons.
Currently, the armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2 D, designed to conduct tactical intelligence, combat and outpost, combating reconnaissance and sabotage groups, is in service Russian army and all the armies of the CIS countries.

BRDM-2 and vehicles based on it, including anti-tank systems and air defense systems, were actively exported to different years were or are in service with the armies of more than fifty other countries of the world.

The last deliveries of the BRDM-2 abroad were made in 1995, when the Russian Federation handed over 45 vehicles of this type free of charge to arm the police forces of the newly created Palestinian Autonomy.

BRDM "Vodnik"

By the end of the 20th century, since the possibilities for further improvement of the BRDM-2 were almost exhausted, the design bureau of GAZ OJSC developed a new family of highly mobile multi-purpose wheeled vehicles (armored personnel carriers), which received the general name - "Vodnik". They are intended for use as army, staff and auxiliary vehicles in armored and unarmored versions. Depending on the modification, they are able to quickly move both on roads and on impassable terrain for distances of up to 1000 kilometers without additional refueling. These vehicles develop a speed of 112-140 km / h and are capable of transporting paratroopers in the amount of 10 people in a fully enclosed hull ( motorized rifle squad) or be equipped with weapons from hand-held rifle to 120-mm mortar.

Thus, "Vodnik" can be used as a light armored personnel carrier, command and staff vehicle, a transport vehicle for transporting infantry and cargo, and, in addition, as a platform for a 120-mm mortar.
To replace the BRDM-2 on the basis of the Vodnik all-terrain vehicle, a reconnaissance and patrol vehicle of the 21st century was created, which is distinguished by its lightness, high driving performance and a wide range of modular weapons, which allows the vehicle to be used to solve various combat missions. At a military exhibition in Omsk in 1995, several types of Vodnik vehicles were demonstrated for the first time, including an armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle equipped with a rotating turret with a 14.5-mm KPVT machine gun.

To date, two cars of the Vodnik family are being produced: GAZ-3937 and GAZ-39371. In accordance with the chosen layout scheme, each of the vehicles has three compartments: a control compartment (with two seats on the GAZ-3937 and three seats on the GAZ-39371), a fighting compartment, an engine-transmission compartment.
The combat crew of the vehicle consists of 10–11 people: the squad (vehicle) commander, the driver and the landing force in the amount of eight (GAZ-3937) or nine (GAZ-39371) people.

The main feature of Vodnik is the modular design of its welded hull. The body has two removable modules - front and rear. The front module includes the engine compartment and the control compartment, separated by a sealed partition. The rear module is the useful volume of the machine, which can be used for transporting people and goods, mounting weapons, special equipment and mobile installations. The main advantage of the machine is that thanks to the quick coupling between the rear module and the housing support flange, different modules can be changed quickly even in the field.

In total, Vodnik has 26 replaceable modules, with the help of which it is possible to convert the machine from one version to another in the shortest possible time and using the simplest devices. For combat purposes, there are modules with a 14.5-mm machine gun, with a 30-mm automatic cannon, as well as with various anti-aircraft missiles and anti-tank systems. The modular design, in addition to allowing you to unify the chassis for vehicles for various purposes, also has a positive effect on the survivability of combat installations. In the event of a vehicle hit with a combat module, the armament installation can be quickly transferred to one of the support vehicles built on the Vodnik chassis.

To protect the crew, several booking options have been worked out. The body of the Vodnik, depending on the purpose of the vehicle, is made of armored steel, which protects the crew from 7.62 mm caliber bullets and shrapnel. The front and rear modules can be performed both armored and unarmored, depending on the tasks performed by a particular vehicle. In addition, to increase the level of protection, it is possible to install additional armor protection on the machine.

The armament of the combat module depends on the purpose of the vehicle. Currently, vehicles with combat modules armed with two 7.62-mm PKMS machine guns, as well as a turret machine gun mount from the BTR-80 with a 14.5-mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun are being tested.

Chassis "Vodnikov" of all modifications is unified and made according to the wheel formula 4 x4. It consists of four wheels with independent torsion bar suspension on wishbones with hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers. Only the front wheels are steerable. There is a centralized system for tire pressure regulation. The excellent dynamic qualities of the Vodnik are ensured by its high power-to-weight ratio. With a total weight of 6.6–7.5 tons, it is equipped with a 160 hp diesel engine. With. and a five-speed gearbox.

When driving on the highway provided maximum speed traffic 112 km/h. Without pre-training the car forces a ford up to 1.2 meters deep. The cruising range for the control fuel consumption at a speed of 60 km / h exceeds 1000 kilometers.

The equipment installed on the vehicles includes the R-174 tank intercom, heater, air conditioner, and fire extinguishing equipment. It also provides for the installation of the R-163-50 U radio station, navigation equipment and special equipment: a centralized fire extinguishing system, a radio station, navigation equipment and other equipment.

BRDM-3

The BRDM-3 reconnaissance and patrol vehicle (factory designation GAZ-59034 "Violus") was developed by the design bureau of OAO GAZ. It is designed to ensure the actions of reconnaissance units in the depths of enemy defenses at a distance of up to 120 kilometers. The production of the BRDM-3 was mastered at the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1994 in parallel with the production of the BTR-80.
The armored personnel carrier BTR-80 A was used as the base for the creation of the BRDM-3. The main difference between this modification and the standard armored personnel carrier was the installation of a new, more powerful weapon system on an armored carriage mounted on a circular rotation turret. The removal of weapons from the habitable premises of the armored personnel carrier made it possible to increase the volume of the turret space, increase the convenience of the gunner and, most importantly, solve the problem of noise and gas pollution in the fighting compartment during firing.
According to the purpose and location of mechanisms and equipment, the new reconnaissance and patrol vehicle has three compartments: control, combat and motor-transmission. The combat crew of the vehicle consists of 6 people: the commander of the reconnaissance unit, the driver, the gunner and three scouts. Combat crew workplaces are equipped with seat belts, a system of general, individual and emergency lighting with an automatic device for switching to auto-camouflage mode when the vehicle's landing hatches are open.

Booking - bulletproof. The machine is equipped with devices for protecting the combat crew from the effects of a shock wave and penetrating radiation, from radioactive dust, bacterial agents, toxic substances and powder gases when operating in contaminated areas.

Like the BTR-80A, the reconnaissance and patrol vehicle is armed with a turret cannon-machine gun mount with an external placement of a 30-mm automatic cannon 2 A72 and a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun coaxial with it. The horizontal firing angle of this complex is 360 degrees, the vertical angles are from -5 to +70 degrees, which allows firing not only at ground targets, but also at low-speed air targets.

The ammunition load for both the cannon and the machine gun is equipped with cartridge belts and each is placed in its own magazine, which are located in the turret. At the same time, the gun is powered by two belts: one belt is equipped with shots with high-explosive fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells, and the other with armor-piercing tracer shells. Switching power from one tape to another is done instantly, thus allowing you to quickly hit both manpower and armored targets and enemy firing points. Gun ammunition consists of 300 rounds, machine gun ammunition - 2000 rounds.

The installation of a powerful 30-mm cannon on an armored personnel carrier dramatically increased firepower and, in essence, turned it into a wheeled infantry fighting vehicle. In addition to the main armament, the BRDM-3 was also equipped with smoke grenade launchers for setting up smoke screens.

For reconnaissance, the vehicle is equipped with a radiological ground reconnaissance station, a laser reconnaissance device, chemical reconnaissance equipment, night binoculars, a mine detector, and TNA-4-6 navigation equipment.

In addition, the BRDM-3 is equipped with communications equipment, an automatic fire extinguishing system, camouflage equipment, water pumping equipment and a self-recovery winch. In terms of equipment, speed characteristics and cross-country ability on rough terrain, the BRDM-3 does not differ from the basic model of the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier.

The BRDM-3 is equipped with a Kamaz-7403 turbocharged diesel engine with a maximum power of 260 hp. With. Mechanical transmission units are combined in one block with the engine, which allows you to quickly replace power plant in the field.

Chassis BRDM-3, similar to the BTR-80, with a wheel arrangement of 8 x8. In this case, both front pairs of wheels are steerable. Suspension individual torsion bar. Wear-resistant tires KI-80 or KI-126 are installed on the wheels, allowing you to continue moving when they are shot through. There is a tire pressure regulation system.

The BRDM-3 has a cross-country capability comparable to that of a tracked vehicle. It overcomes a rise with a steepness of up to 30 degrees, a vertical wall up to half a meter high and a ditch 2 meters wide, it can move with a side roll angle of 25 degrees. The vehicle overcomes water obstacles by swimming at a speed of 9–10 km/h. Movement afloat is provided by a water jet. When driving on the highway, the car develops a maximum speed of 90 km / h.

At the beginning of the 21st century, a fundamentally new tracked armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-3 was created in Russia, designed to conduct deep reconnaissance behind enemy lines. It carries a universal weapon system consisting of a 30-mm automatic gun 2 A42, a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun paired with it; 30-mm automatic grenade launcher AKS-17; two launchers anti-aircraft missiles"Needle"; launcher ATGM "Attack". This armament, along with powerful anti-fragmentation armor, makes it possible to reliably protect the crew in possible fire contacts with the enemy. The car received fundamentally new reconnaissance equipment, including an optical-electronic reconnaissance station; laser rangefinder; means of radio and electronic intelligence; an unmanned aerial vehicle and an unmanned ground reconnaissance vehicle.

Brdm BM 2 T "STALKER"

The design of the BRDM BM 2 T provides low visibility in the radar, thermal and optical ranges.

The combat weight of the BM 2 T "Stalker" is 27.4 tons, the maximum speed of the vehicle reaches 95 km / h.
Armored reconnaissance and sabotage vehicle BM 2 T "Stalker" has spaced armor. It is equipped with a passive multi-channel optical-electronic complex that provides round-the-clock detection, recognition, determination of coordinates and tracking of targets with the possibility of transmitting the received data to command post or a weapon carrier in automatic mode. The transportable supply of ammunition, fuel, water and food provides combat autonomy up to 10 days.

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More than half a century ago, the BRDM-2 entered service with the Soviet army. Russia continued to create military equipment. This car can still be found at military training grounds. And not only in Russia, but also in other countries. There is even an opportunity to purchase the BRDM-2 from conservation for personal use. True, in such a situation it is not known how the machine will behave after hibernation for several decades. Such a machine perfectly copes with the tasks assigned to it. It can be considered the best vehicle, which "can do anything".

The armored vehicle has a high cross-country ability on land, water barriers, in off-road conditions, along ravines and trenches. Additional wheels that can be connected if necessary will help you get out of any place. If they fail, a winch will help. The car has a high degree weapons and protection from external damage. The combat module includes machine guns, grenade launchers and other weapons of various calibers.

Manufacturer

The armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle-2 (BRDM-2) was produced at the Gorky Automobile Plant from 1963 to 1982. After that, the car was produced at the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant for another 7 years. At the same time, production was established in other countries. Among them were Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia.

History of creation

In 1962, the existing Russian armored vehicles were supplemented with a new model, which was called the BRDM-2. It was developed by the designers of the Special Bureau of the Gorky Automobile Plant under the leadership of V. A. Dedkov. This fighting machine was supposed to be a replacement for the outdated by that time BRDM-1.

The first model was characterized by the presence of significant shortcomings. Among them were a front-mounted engine with a power of only 90 hp. s., weak firepower, big weight, which does not allow the vehicle to be equipped with additional weapons. Therefore, at the beginning of 1959, the country's armored administration issued a technical assignment to a machine-building plant to create a vehicle with improved performance.

Military vehicles BRDM-2 had to overcome water barriers and wide trenches. To this end, the machine was equipped with a jet propulsion on the hull, retractable rollers, which were driven by the main engine.

At this time, the production of the GAZ-66 truck (more commonly known as "Shishiga") began at the enterprise. Thanks to this, designers could take more advanced elements to create the BRDM-2. Tuning of the base model was carried out using many parts from "Shishiga". These were bridges, transmission, power unit and other components.

The difference between the new model and the basic version

Wheeled all-terrain vehicles of two generations differed from each other technical specifications. BRDM-2 had a number of advantages over its predecessor:

  • Improved ride quality.
  • Enhanced combat capabilities.
  • High degree of security.
  • There was anti-nuclear protection.
  • The engine was installed at the rear, which improved the patency of water barriers.
  • To work with information (its receipt, transmission) a radio communication system was used.

These characteristics were distinguished by the new model BRDM-2. The photo will tell you the changes that have affected appearance car. The armored hulls were ready by the middle of 1960. But the new elements of the chassis and transmission were not yet manufactured. Therefore, they had to be taken the same as in the previous version. In this configuration, military all-terrain vehicles entered the test. But this led to a lot of negative reviews.

Disadvantages of the model and their elimination

Military vehicles during the tests received the following reviews:

  • The torque, which was produced by a more powerful motor, was not transmitted by the transmission in full.
  • The car turned out to be unstable when cornering. This was facilitated by a narrow automobile track, which was formed due to the established bridges from the "shishiga". For the same reason, the car could not move along the tank track.
  • The open turret, on which the weapons were placed, did not protect the shooter. In addition, the open area nullified anti-nuclear protection.
  • There was very little space inside the car, which was not enough for the crew to work.
  • Poor visibility, which was covered by the body of the car (rear view) and the driver (right view).

The prototypes of the BRDM-2, the tuning of which continued further, were adopted by the army. But surprisingly, mass production never began. This was hampered by disputes over an open turret, which did not suit the military. Therefore, the designers had to make changes to their project. They installed a twin and KPVT right in the middle of the car body. This arrangement did not affect the patency (including water obstacles). But at the same time, the shooter was hidden inside the car, he could conduct circular fire. The work of the anti-nuclear defense system was not disturbed. The disadvantage was the reduction in the number of crew by 1 person. The interior space has become even smaller.

Serial production was very slow. For 25 years, only 9.5 thousand cars were produced.

BRDM-2: tuning at the factory

During its production, the machine has been improved several times. Even with an external examination, you can distinguish between the models of the first and last years.

So, early military all-terrain vehicles had two hatches through which air flowed. Having a trapezoidal shape, they were closed with lids that opened back. In the middle of production, two hatches were rectangular and closed with shutters. In models released in the seventies, 6 caps were placed above the hatches, outwardly resembling a mushroom. This design made it possible to protect the engine.

Crew

Russian armored vehicles were equipped with a crew of 4 people:

  • Commander.
  • Driver-mechanic.
  • Scout.
  • A scout who is also a machine gun shooter.

The commander, together with the driver in field conditions, conducts observation through viewing windows, which, if necessary, can be closed with armored covers. During combat operations, the commander uses a periscope for observation. In addition, there are prism instruments. There are 4 of them for the commander, and 6 more for the mechanic. To inspect the area at night, the commander and driver-mechanic use TVN-2B and TKN-1S, respectively. You can get into the cabin through the hatches located on top of the body.

Scouts are stationed at the sides of the fighting compartment. For each of them a semi-rigid seat is provided. Observation of the horizon is carried out through niches with three prism devices located inside them. Nearby are hatches with covers that are used to fire from personal weapons.

Design features

The layout of the BRDM-2 is as follows:

  • In front is the office of management. There are controls, a radio station, navigation devices, places for the driver and commander, and devices for monitoring the area.
  • In the middle is the fighting compartment. Its center is a tower on which a machine gun is mounted. Ammunition, hydraulic lifts for additional wheels, two seats for scouts are also located there.
  • In the stern is the engine compartment. It is isolated from the rest of the machine by a sealed partition with a filter and ventilation unit. You can get to the power unit through the hinged doors.

The hull itself is made of rolled steel sheets covered with a layer of armor (6-10 mm). This protects the vehicle from shrapnel, small arms and small caliber mines.

Specifications BRDM-2

The engine for the machine uses a carburetor V-shaped with 8 cylinders. The engine power is 140 hp. With. Without refueling, the car can travel 750 km on land or 15 hours when driving on water. The volume of the fuel tank is 280 l. There is a drive for manual start of the engine.

Cooling liquid, closed type. The refrigerant circulates through the system forcibly.

The tuning did not affect the chassis of the BRDM-2. In general, it is very similar to parts of the BRDM. The machine operates on two driving axles. When driving off-road, it is possible to connect two more bridges. This can be done with a hydraulic drive.

Machine dimensions:

  • Height - 2395 mm.
  • Width - 2350 mm.
  • Length - 5750 mm.
  • Wheelbase - 3100 mm.
  • Clearance - 330 m.
  • Front track - 1840 mm.
  • Rear wheel track - 1790 mm.

The car weighs about 7 tons. The pressure on the ground is 0.5-2.7 kg/cm 2 .

Spring suspension. The springs have a semi-elliptical shape. Wheel formula - 4x4, when connecting additional two bridges - 8x8.

Tire pressure can be checked centrally. It is not necessary to stop for this at all, you can even make adjustments on the go. When driving on snow, the layer of which does not exceed 30 cm, the tire pressure does not need to be reduced. The car falls through the snow and the wheels grip the ground.

A winch is installed in front of the hull. It allows the car to pull itself out. The winch has a pulling force of 3.9 tons. The length of its cable is 50 m.

The speed that wheeled all-terrain vehicles develop when driving on the road is 95-100 km / h. When moving on water given parameter decreases to 8-10 km / h.

The machine is able to overcome obstacles, the height of which reaches. The depth of the moat, which the machine can overcome, reaches 1.22 m. The surmountable rise is 30 degrees.

Modifications

Wheeled all-terrain vehicles BRDM-2 are produced in several modifications. They were produced in various countries.

On except basic version a BRDM-2M(A) version was also produced. In this model, wheel side mechanisms are replaced by trapezoidal doors. This allowed to reduce the weight of the machine. The suspension is borrowed from the BTR-80. A turbocharged diesel engine is installed as a power unit. Its power is 136 hp. With. The BRDM-2A version is supplemented with two types of radio stations to choose from. Armament is represented by a machine gun (7.62 and 14.5 mm).

On the territory of Ukraine, several modifications were released at once. In 1999, a version of the BRDM-2LD with a new engine was assembled in Nikolaev. This model was used during the military conflict in Kosovo. After 6 years, another modification was released in Nikolaev - the BRDM-2DI "Khazar". An Iveco diesel engine with preheating, a thermal imager and new weapons were installed.

Two more modifications were assembled in Kyiv. The first was named BRDM-2DP. It was distinguished by its lower weight, for which the side mechanisms for increasing patency were removed. Instead, a new engine was installed, a structure for overcoming trenches (trenches), a door on the side of the body for paratroopers. The set of weapons has changed. The second Kyiv modification appeared in 2013. Extra wheels removed. A radio station, a diesel engine with a power of 155 liters were added. with., marker lights behind and in front, hatches for paratroopers. Combat modules have been changed.

Several modifications were proposed by Poland. The first BRDM-2M-96I appeared in 1997. It featured a new brake system and a 6-cylinder Iveco diesel engine. The second modification appeared in 2003. She received the name BRDM-2M-96IK "Jackal". A new improved Iveco diesel engine with 6 cylinders was installed. The car was supplemented with a radio station, air conditioning, anti-cumulative lattice screens. The caliber of the installed machine gun has been changed. The latest modification made in Poland is the BRDM-2M-97 "Zbik B". In addition to the new Iveco six-cylinder diesel engine, this model was equipped with a new transmission and other additional equipment.

Another modification was assembled in Belarus. It was named BRDM-2MB1. Additional wheels and propellers were removed on it, allowing you to drive on water. The model was equipped with a 155-horsepower diesel engine, a radio station, video surveillance, hatches for paratroopers on the sides of the body. Changed weapons. The crew has been increased to 7 people.

In 2013, Azerbaijan proposed its own version of Zubastik. and extra wheels removed. A power unit with a capacity of 150 liters was installed. With. Improved mine protection. Hatches for paratroopers, a machine gun, towers for military modules (grenade launchers of various calibers, a double-barreled gun) were installed.

Kazakhstan offered its modification in the same year. power unit replaced by an Iveco diesel unit. Bridges have been replaced. They were taken from the BTR-80. Due to this, the track has increased. The spring suspension remained from the basic version. The modification was called BRDM-KZ.

Its modification was in the Czech Republic (LOT-B, LOT-V), Serbia (Kurjak).

BRDM-2 as a basis for creating cars

On the basis of the BRDM-2 (a photo of which could be seen in this article), special-purpose vehicles began to be developed. It began almost immediately after the start of production of the BRDM-2.

Already in 1964, designers began developing a model for chemical reconnaissance. She received the name BRDM-2РХ or "Dolphin". This machine was developed for the purpose of conducting chemical, bacteriological, and radiation reconnaissance. The features of this version were:

  • A device for measuring the degree of contamination of air with radiation (radiometer).
  • Gas analyzer operating in automatic mode.
  • X-ray meter.
  • Device for detection of chemical pollution, operating in semi-automatic mode.
  • An automatic signaling device that determined the presence of bacterial impurities in the air.

The air for analysis was supplied to the instruments through an air duct. After the test, the air was vented to the outside. The process of supply and ejection of the analyzed air is controlled by the driver. To do this, there are two levers in front of him. The car left a trail of guardrails behind. They were the inscription "Infected" on the flag yellow color. This was done in order to determine a safe route. The flags were set by a special mechanism of the machine, which could be controlled from the cab.

In addition to the differences described above, the Dolphin was distinguished by a machine gun of a different caliber. The number of crew members was reduced to three: a commander, a driver (who additionally performed the work of a mechanic), a scout (in fact, he was a chemist).

In 1967, on the basis of the BRDM-2, a vehicle for command personnel was developed. It didn't have a tower. Instead, a hatch was installed that opens forward. The inner space accommodated the commander, radio operator.

In the eighties, a version of the BRDM-2U appeared. It is interesting in that instead of electronic equipment (which was reduced), a weapon turret was installed.

Sound broadcasting machines were also developed, which had an average sound transmission power. These were the models:

  • 3S-72B, which did not install armed modules. The tower in it is replaced by a bar with a loudspeaker. The manufacturer has provided a broadcast range of 7.5 km. It was even possible to send messages remotely. Only in this case, the announcer had to be at a distance of no more than half a kilometer from the car.
  • 3S-82, on which combat modules were installed. True, only one machine gun was kept on the tower. Next to him, a loudspeaker was fixed on the tower, which was heard at a distance of up to 6 km.

Vehicles have also been developed for transporting missile systems("Malyutka-M", "Konkurs", "Glaz", "Falanga-P" and others), emergency transport, transport with the ability to overcome water barriers, collection model. The crew could be trained on a specially designed training stand.

So, a vast territory is infected with an unknown substance, the landscape is complex, there are water barriers, and enemy attacks are also possible. What to do? If you have a BRDM-2 RH for chemical reconnaissance, you can consider yourself lucky. At your disposal - a floating car with a full set necessary equipment and a machine gun to boot. But if you are driving a BRDM-2 for the first time, remember one thing. Golden Rule: Always keep a firm grip on the steering wheel. And on a straight asphalt road, and when driving off-road. He lives his life here, and with a car weighing under seven tons, frivolity can be punished.

What where When?

The release of the BRDM-2 (armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle) began in 1963. As the name implies, before it there was a BRDM without the number “2”. This is true, and they look very similar. But the difference between them is huge. So much so that it makes no sense to list the differences. Although, perhaps, I will highlight the main thing: the layout of the BRDM-2 is distinguished by a rear engine, which is very important in a cramped armored hull. However, let's not talk about the predecessor, let's go straight to our car.

The development of the BRDM-2 was carried out in a special Special Design Bureau (SKB) of the design and experimental department of the Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ). By that time, the Gazites already had experience in creating armored vehicles (in addition to the first BRDM, one can also recall at least the BTR-40).

In the photo: GAZ-40 (BTR-40) ‘1950–60

The birth of the machine was difficult. Just at that time, they launched the GAZ-66 series, so it was logical that many of the BRDM-2 units should have been from the “shishiga” with the ZMZ-41 engine. In general, this is an absolutely right decision, although sometimes there were some busts in the Soviet automotive industry. For example, this motor is just a derated version of the GAZ-41 engine from the GAZ-13 Chaika. So the caustic jokes about the fact that if you assemble the GAZ-66 parts in a different sequence, you can accidentally assemble the MiG-25, have some basis. Although, of course, they remain just jokes.

By 1962 there was already an engine, the first armored hulls were built back in 1960, and the transmission was never ready. In order not to disrupt the deadlines for fulfilling the state order, cars with a transmission from the first BRDM were brought to the test. Of course, with a powerful motor, she did not live long. The clutch burned, the gearbox teeth crumbled ... Yes, and there were many other comments. Especially from the military, when the car was handed over to them for testing. They especially disliked the open machine gun turret. And the weapons themselves seemed weak to them. I had to put a tower, change the layout of the internal space of the hull, put other weapons. Somehow, in 1962, the military still accepted the car, but then it took another year to bring the BRDM-2 to mind.

In the photo: GAZ-41 (BRDM-2) '1965–89

The cars of the first years of production were constantly changed and improved. And the number of cars was negligible: the first pre-production cars were built only by the end of 1964, and in 1965 only 80 BRDM-2s were produced. But the reward for this difficult birth was an enviable longevity: production was completed only in 1989, and the number of operating countries simply rolls over, there are at least fifty of them at the present time.

Well, in our army, the BRDM-2 was lovingly called the “mess”.

No windows, no doors

Do you think that if the car is tightly armored, there is nothing to look at from the outside? No matter how. Let's start in front.

The wave breaker with a hydraulic drive immediately catches the eye. Indeed, in the tactical and technical requirements for the development of the vehicle, issued by the GBTU (Main Armored Directorate), it was stated that the BRDM should float. Therefore, she also has a water jet propulsion. And just above the wave baffle, the winch release hatch is visible. Above it is a hatch through which you can monitor its winding. To the right of it is another hatch, behind which the tanks of the brake cylinder and clutch are hidden. By the way, the brake system here is with a hydraulic booster.

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Now pay attention to the headlights. Next to the usual ones there are also infrared ones, which are illuminated at night for the operation of the TVN-2B night vision device. The latter in the dark is put in place of the central periscope device for the driver, and the commander of the vehicle has his own device TKN-1C. Yes, yes, there are real periscopes in the BRDM-2! And just ten. And those small windows are actually not windows, but periscope glasses, so if a bullet or a fragment hits them, nothing will fly inside the car.

And now let's figure out what distinctive features our specific modification of the RX. Its purpose, as you might guess, is to conduct radiation, chemical and non-specific bacteriological (biological) reconnaissance. Of course, the machine for this is equipped with a cooler than Agent 007, which looks like a child against its background: an automatic gas analyzer, a radiometer-roentgenometer (radioactive contamination dose meter), a semi-automatic chemical reconnaissance device PPKhR and an automatic signaling device.

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If we move to the rear of the starboard side and slightly tilt our head up, we will see a set of KZO-2 fencing signs in the form of flags with the inscription “Infected” on the pins. Just they designate the affected area. And they do this without leaving the car: each flag has a squib that can fire at the command of a reconnaissance chemist. By the way, apart from him in the crew there is only a commander and a driver. Yes, and the weapons of the RH are somewhat different: instead of a KPVT machine gun, there is a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun. In addition, there are no loopholes in the armor for the crew's small arms.

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Another interesting detail is barely visible in the base between the front and rear axles. These are two additional wheels on each side. They are small in diameter and with “bald” tires. They are needed to move such obstacles, where there is a risk of sitting on the "belly". For example, through ravines, trees or the remains of some buildings. They also have their own chain drive, implemented from a transfer case with a gearbox and power take-offs, and a hydraulic drive helps to push and return them back. Well, the main wheels, of course, are equipped with a centralized pressure control system.

And, finally, another difference between the RH is the air ducts for taking samples for analysis, the exits of which are also covered with armor from the outside.

In the case behind the rear wheels are two gas tanks of 140 liters each. Here they can be pulled back if necessary, and they stand in isolated compartments. On the first cars, there were no partitions between the tanks and the engine compartment, so if a bullet or shrapnel damaged it, gasoline leaked into the car. Of course, sitting in gasoline is not only unpleasant, but also dangerous, so on our car, like on other later ones, the tanks are isolated.

The motor can be seen both outside and inside. Although, to be honest, there is nothing interesting in it: V8, 5.5 l, 140 hp. And consumption - 30 liters per hundred kilometers.

But inside it immediately becomes clear that each member of the crew should only do their job. And it is all the more clear that I am no scout chemist. This is where a professional should work. Just like in the place of the commander of the machine.

Strictly speaking, there are three zones inside: the control compartment - in the front, the fighting compartment - in the middle, and the engine compartment - in the aft. This arrangement has a number of advantages. Firstly, the rear motor creates a trim to the stern, which makes the car swim better. Secondly, space for the crew is freed up. And thirdly, it's just quieter here than in the first BRDM.

It's just hard to get into the car. This can be done through two roof hatches, which was not well received by the military, who would like the process to be faster. In fairness, I note that on some modifications, without additional retractable rollers, additional doors were placed on the side. But we do not have them, so we climb from above. And with all the desire to do it carefully, we come across a problem: first we put our foot on a special platform on the back of the chair, but the second willy-nilly will have to be put on the seat - there is simply nowhere else. I think that in inclement weather the driver of the BRDM-2 can be identified by the dirty loin.

Let's say we managed to take the driver's seat. What's next? And then we try to figure out where to look here in order to see at least something. And to do this is not so simple: the review in the BRDM-2 is very, very mediocre. It seems that we have the protective shields of the windshield thrown back, but this goodness is overshadowed by the fact that just at eye level is the place that in normal cars is called the edge of the windshield. If the height of the driver is less than a meter and eighty, then it will most likely be much easier for him. Moreover, it will not be so difficult for him to get into the BRDM-2 either.

The dashboard differs little from the car. The main instruments are the same, but here the emphasis is clearly placed on the ability to monitor the state of the systems and assemblies of the machine. The speedometer is on the very right edge, it is almost invisible. But right in front of your eyes - the temperature of the coolant, the oil pressure in the engine, the ammeter, the fuel gauge and the engine overheat warning light. A little to the right is a pressure gauge indicating tire pressure.

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The pedal assembly is generally comfortable, as is the location of the gearshift lever. But the steering wheel is somehow horizontal in a bus. But in general, everything is quite comfortable and even spacious. It's just not clear where to go. But these are the problems of others, not ours.

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Consumption per 100 km:

While driving along a straight asphalt road, you can have some fun watching how all the heads in oncoming cars turn after the BRDM. The traffic police inspectors looked especially funny, pointing the cameras of their phones at us, sitting in a car with a boiled engine. By the way, it was 26 degrees outside at that time. I was afraid that in this heat it would be hot inside the armored box. Fears turned out to be in vain: there is very good ventilation. But in the first BRDM, they say, it was hot: the engine shield was warming up, and with a front-engine layout in the heat, this is not very pleasant.

The spring suspension of the machine with double-acting shock absorbers does the job perfectly. The fun starts when you reach speeds over 60 km/h. The BRDM-2 begins to "sausage" so that the steering wheel has to be held very tightly. I was never able to answer the question why the designers decided to make the pivot angle zero, but it’s unpleasant to drive at high speed without a castor.

Another unexpected surprise is the steering, whose power steering (like all other hydraulic systems) is powered by a pump driven by a power take-off. Guess what happens when you squeeze the clutch. Yep, power steering stops working. Such a “chip” will wean any driver from the bad habit of entering a turn with the clutch depressed. But off-road it, in my opinion, is really annoying sometimes.

In turns, the heavy BRDM-2 stands confidently, rolls are very moderate. The main thing is to see who you will turn into now. And it's not easy. It's good that other drivers shy away from the armored car. Maybe reflexively, but they give way. Love for life is a great thing on the road along which the BRDM-2 travels.

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We ended the trip in the village of Novoglagolevo near Moscow, right next to the monument to the victorious soldier. Why here? Firstly, there is a platform where it is convenient to stay. And secondly, the owner of the BRDM-2, who gave us all the opportunity to learn something new about the car, is directly related to the monument: Svyatoslav is the initiator of the installation of this monument and one of its sponsors. In addition, he often helps organize interesting patriotic events for the kids, shows them the technique, talks about it. In general, to the best of his ability, he is engaged in the proper education of young people. I think the BRDM-2 helps him a lot in this.

We express our gratitude for the interregional car provided for a test drive public organization promoting the study and operation of military equipment "Military-Technical Society".

Would you like to go to war now, provided that you would be allocated a BRDM-2?

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