Russian combat boats. US Navy River Patrol Boat PBR

Mega yacht 118 WallyPower

Having met this rapidly gliding boat at sea, an uninitiated observer will definitely decide that he is facing a secret development of shipbuilders, designed to solve some purely power tasks. Dark gray hull with a metallic sheen, a flattened faceted cabin made in accordance with Stealth technologies, the absence of handrails, masts, open antennas, navigation lights and other noticeable devices and practical things and, of course, very high speed - all this suggests a meeting either with an interceptor patrol boat, or with a Navy combat unit that stores compact missile systems behind the smooth surfaces of the hull and wheelhouse ...

Such is the Mega Yacht 118 Wally Power , the fastest ship in the world of this class. Incredible high cruising speed - 60 knots per hour (111.1 km/h) - and the unusual design of the yacht immediately made her a legend. The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art selected her as an exhibit for one of the most prestigious art exhibitions in America, "Glamour: Fabricating affluence" and she was the only yacht presented at this prestigious event.

However, under the war paint hides an absolutely peaceful pleasure craft, unlike the rest of today's reviewers. So, let's begin...

1.Littoral warship-trimaran Independence (LCS-2).

USS Independence (LCS-2)("Independence", from English independence - " independence

The Independence was laid down on January 19, 2006, launched on May 4, 2008, and accepted by the US Navy on December 18, 2009.

The hull design was developed and implemented by Austal. The basis for the development was the 127-meter high-speed car-passenger ferry-trimaran "Benchihigua Express" (Spanish " Benchijigua Express"). The Independence and Benchihigua Express are the largest trimarans in the world.

Power point- 2 gas turbines General Electric LM2500,
2 MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH 20V 8000 M90 diesels. Power - Turbines 2 x 29500 hp,
diesels 2 x 12203 hp Screws - 4 water jets: 2 Wartsila LJ160E, 2 Wartsila LJ150E
Speed ​​- 45 knots (when the sea is up to 3 points)

cruising range- 3500 miles (at 18 knots), 1000 miles (at 50 knots). Autonomy - 14 days. Crew - 50 people.
Armament: Anti-aircraft - 1 RIM-116 air defense system (21 missiles), artillery - 1 * 1 57 mm Μκ. 110, anti-submarine - Honeywell Mk 50 Torpedo, aviation - 2 helicopters SH-60 R / S Seahawks and UAV MQ-8 Fire Scout

The layout diagram of LBK Independence. It has a large area of ​​the helicopter runway and a significant amount of underdeck space to accommodate interchangeable module containers.

2.Freedom is the successor to the Atlantic Blue Ribbon winner.

USS Freedom (LCS-1)("Freedom", from the English freedom - " freedom") is a littoral warship class ship in the United States Navy. The lead ship of the series.
Laid down on June 2, 2005, launched on September 23, 2006, entered the fleet on November 8, 2008. Displacement - 3089 tons, length - 17.5 meters, width - 17.5 meters, draft - 3.7 meters, speed - 47 knots, cruising range - 6500 kilometers at 18 knots.

Armament: 57 mm gun mount Mk 110, close combat system RIM-116 RAM, 45 or 60 precision missiles PAM for combating surface ships, 2 12.7 mm machine guns.

The US Navy's 55-unit Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) series, valued at at least $12 billion, is designed to replace aging Oliver Hazard Perry-class URO frigates and some minesweepers. LCS ships are designed for anti-submarine, anti-ship defense, mine action, transportation, search activities, reconnaissance and special operations in the coastal zone.

Currently, two LCS projects have been developed and approved by the US Navy - a high-speed monohull ship (Lockheed Martin) and a trimaran (General Dynamics). The second ship of the coastal zone - Independence (LCS-2) manufactured by General Dynamics was transferred to the fleet on January 16, 2010. The third - Fort Worth - will enter the fleet no earlier than 2012.

The standard displacement of the LCS is 3,000 tons, the length is 115 meters, the width is 17 meters, the speed is 40-50 knots, the crew is 50 people, the endurance is 21 days. Armament LCS - 57 mm artillery mounts Mk 110, rocket launchers NLOS-LS, torpedoes. This type of ship can carry 2 MH-60R/S Seahawk multipurpose helicopters and an MQ-8 Fire Scout unmanned aerial vehicle.

LBC Freedom has a spacious helicopter landing area, which easily accommodates an HH-60H Sea Hawk helicopter (the photo shows the moment of landing).

The hull lines of Freedom were borrowed from the high-speed motor yacht Destriero. Destriero - winner of the Blue Ribbon of the Atlantic - 1992 for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic Ocean (length - 67m, width - 13m, 50,000 horsepower, maximum speed - 110 km / h).

The shape of the contours of the bottom of the Freedom-Destriero.

3.Visby is a stealth corvette from Sweden.

With its small displacement, Visby is equipped with a helipad. In addition, it was reported that its weapons are built on a modular basis: in the central part of the hull there is a special compartment where various weapons can be installed - from strike missiles to unmanned underwater mine destroyers. True, judging by the publications in the press, the first four hulls were built with anti-mine weapons, and only the fifth - with strike weapons originally installed on board.

In August 2000, the Swedish company Kockums began work on the Visby Plus project - an ocean zone corvette. In general, its philosophy is similar to the previous one: minimization of signatures of physical fields, weapons and equipment hidden in the hull, the use of composite materials, a water cannon as a propulsion unit, and a modular principle of armament arrangement. Interestingly, the program was not implemented, but the corvette, very much like the Visby Plus, appeared in the US Navy.

General characteristics: Length - 72m; Width - 10m; Displacement - 800 tons; Speed ​​- 35 knots; Crew - 44 people;

Armament: Guns - 1 Bofors DP 57mm / MkIII; Anti-ship systems - 8 RBS15 Mk3; Helicopters - 1; Anti-aircraft installations - 2 SAAB RBS-15

The general layout of the stealth corvette.

Visby-class corvette.

4.Norwegian hovercraft Skjold.

Class missile boats Skjold characterized high speed, a small glow on the radar, small size and at the same time serious weapons.

The first vessel of the "Skjold" type (tail number P960) was commissioned in April 1999. After testing, the Norwegian government approved five more Skjold-class ships in June 2002. Contract negotiations were completed in July 2003. The ships were built at the Mandal Umoe shipyard.

The most important quality of Skjold is its secrecy in the coastal zone, especially in the topography of Norway with its islands and fjords. This allows him to observe and strike at close range, while remaining undetected.

The design of the ships was based on the Norwegian Oksoy-class mine-search ship. The low surface area of ​​the hull in contact with the water gives an increase in the level of resistance to shock loads and significantly reduces the impact of waves compared to ships made in the usual way.

A special control system ensures the stabilization of the vessel, which, in combination with an electronic motion control system, provides control and regulation of the pressure in the air cushion. A large number of non-magnetic composite components used in the design of the ship significantly reduces its magnetic pattern. The faceted profile of the vessel also reduces the visibility of the vessel on enemy radars. For this, doors and hatches are also made flush with all surfaces.
The combination of a double hull with an air cushion provides very high maneuverability. All vital systems are duplicated to increase the ship's survivability.
The low draft of 0.9 m hovercraft makes the ship invulnerable to sea mines.

The ships are equipped with the Senit 2000 command and control system,
Ceros Saab 200 radar systems and optoelectronic fire control system.

The MRR-3D-NG radar system has a light phased array and works both for radar surveillance, as well as an independent defense system sensor, with automatic mode switching. It is capable of detecting targets at ranges up to 140 km and, in 3D observation mode, it is able to detect a target at a distance of up to 180 km. In automatic mode, it can detect and track any threat within a 60 km radius.

The ship uses the CODAG system (combination of diesel engines and gas turbines) as the engine. It consists of two Rolls-Royce Allison 571KF gas turbine engines, each with an output of 6000 kW (8160 hp), and two MTU 6R 183 TE52 auxiliary engines with an output of 275 kW each. The water jet nozzles can move independently of each other, which makes it possible for "Skjold" class boats to move sideways.

Main performance characteristics:

Length: maximum 46.79 m, waterline 41.5 m
Width: 13.5 m
Draft: 2.25 m (0.8 m hovercraft)
Displacement: total 260 t
Power plant: water-jet, diesel-gas turbine type CODOG, two gas turbines Rolls-Royce-Allison 571-KF9 - 16320 hp, two auxiliary diesel engines MTU 6R183 TE92 - 12000 hp, 2 KaMeWa 80S2 water jets, 2 airbag diesel engines MTU 12V183 TE92 (985 hp each)
Speed: 55 knots
Autonomy: 14 days
Armament (planned): 8 NSM anti-ship missiles, 76.2-mm OTO Melara SuperRapid gun mount, Simbad SAM launchers (Mistral missiles)
Radar (planned): Decca 1229 navigation radar, detection radar Ericsson Sea Giraffe targets, control radar weapons CelsiusTech CEROS 200
Electronic weapons: electronic warfare complex
Crew: 15 people (4 officers)

Hovercraft Skjold.

Skjold in "parked" state.

5.M-80 Stiletto will deliver SEALs quickly and discreetly.

Military American catamaran M-80 Stiletto. The main features of the latest ship are the use of composite materials and carbon fiber in the construction, as well as the patented hull shape in the form of the letter "M". All this gives him the opportunity to work in shallow water and develop a high speed for ships of this class of 50 knots (about 93 km / h).

The air cushion formed during acceleration not only reduces the friction of the bottom of the ship against the water, but also increases its stability at high speeds and, according to the developers, has great prospects for future shipbuilding.

The special hull coating and its Stealth fighter-like profile give it the advantage of stealth on enemy radars. The ship, 25 meters long and weighing 60 tons, can carry a payload weighing up to 37 tons and has a cruising range of 926 kilometers. The Stiletto is equipped with four 1650 horsepower Horsepower engines, is operated by three crew members and can be additionally equipped with several rigid-hull landing motor boats, a Manta-type boat or a Silver Wing unmanned reconnaissance boat.

The M80 Stiletto is part of the USSOCOM project to create autonomous and semi-autonomous naval forces. This new concept The US Department of Defense is being developed to modernize modern military forces into advanced and high-tech troops of the future.

Main performance characteristics:

Displacement: 60 tons
Length: 27.0 m
Width: 12 m
Height: 5 m
Draft: 0.8 m
EU: 4 × 1,650 hp C-30CAT
Speed: 51 knots (94 km/h) - maximum; 40 knots (74 km/h) - cruising
Endurance: 500 nautical miles full load/max. speed
Capacity: 1 Landing Rigid Boat (RHIB)
Troopers: 12 SEALs
Extras: 3 pers.

Stiletto and RHIB with SEALs are on parallel courses.

Navy SEALs during a training operation.

6.Swedish landing craft in the Amazon Jungle.

Swedish landing craft type Strb-90H (Stridsbat-90H, export designation SV 90N - Combat Boat 90H) were built in large series at the Dokstavarvet and Gotlandsvarvet shipyards, including for export to Norway, Greece, Malaysia and Mexico. The boat is designed to transport 20 soldiers and cargo.

Standard armament includes a 12.7 mm machine gun (or 40 mm grenade launcher), it is also possible to install twin 12.7 mm machine guns in a special compartment in front of the helmsman to increase the density of fire along the ship.

Main performance characteristics:

Length: 14.90 m
Width: 3.85 m
Displacement: 18 tons
EU: 2 x 600 kW
Speed: 45 knots

Landing craft Stridsbat-90H.

7. "Floating pillbox" - US Navy Special Forces SOC-R.

The SOC-R boat was immediately conceived as a specialized fighting machine, allowing SWCC fighters to make contact with the enemy in a cramped environment and emerge victorious from skirmishes. The contractor, United States Marine, based in Gulfport, Mississippi, received the following list of requirements from SWCC. The ship's draft must not exceed 60 cm when fully loaded with weapons, ammunition, crew and passengers. The boat must be compact enough to fit in the cargo hold of a C-130 military transport aircraft, narrow enough to squeeze through tight river channels, and light enough to be slinged up by a Chinook helicopter. For example, in Iraq, helicopters picked up these motorboats and threw them over river dams, creating an effect of surprise for the enemy.

Twin water jets and a 440-horsepower Yanmar diesel give the boat a very significant power-to-weight ratio. Thoughtful hull shapes make the boat very maneuverable and fast. Properly selected deadrise makes it easy to go on planing when, sliding on the surface, the vessel experiences relatively little resistance. Neither the steering wheel nor the screw stick out under the bottom - nothing that could catch on stones and snags.

But the main highlight of the SOC-R boat is its machine guns. Of course, guns are also put on tanks and armored personnel carriers, but if we calculate the density of fire per 1 m2, we get an indicator that is not implemented in any other military equipment.

The two forward emplacements of the SOC-R are GAU-17/A minigun machine guns. An electrically powered rotating Gatling gun allows four bursts with a rate of fire of 6,000 rounds per minute. In the middle of the sides are light machine guns M420B. At the stern is a .50 caliber machine gun. He shoots the slowest of all, but the energy of his bullet is such that neither the armor of light combat vehicles, nor most of the building materials can withstand it. The aft location for this firing point is not accidental - it should cover the crew if the boat breaks away from pursuit by superior enemy forces.

High-speed, heavily armed SOC-R boats are mainly used to bring in SEALs (US Navy Special Forces), Rangers (Army Special Forces) and other special forces and to return them after an operation. If the enemy is on the way, SWCC (Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen) is ready for active confrontation.

The combat boat team has everything you need to fight. Each ship is capable of opening fire to destroy in all directions - the guns are installed accordingly.

Five firing points on board the boat provide a firing angle of 360 degrees. The SOC-R boat is littered with machine guns on all sides.

An electrically powered rotating Gatling gun allows four bursts with a rate of fire of 6,000 rounds per minute.

Military hydrofoil boat

At the end of the 19th century, the first attempts were made in the construction of hydrofoil ships. The first country that decided to develop the speed of water transport is France. It was there, de Lambert, a designer of Russian origin, who proposed to create a ship with wings under water. He suggested that when using hydrofoils or propellers, some kind of air cushion would be created under the vessel. At its expense, water resistance will be much less and ships equipped with hydrofoils will be able to reach much higher speeds. But the project was not implemented, as the power of steam engines was simply not enough.

The history of the development of hydrofoils

At the beginning of the last century, the Italian aircraft designer E. Forlanini, nevertheless, was able to realize Laber's idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhydrofoils. And this happened thanks to the emergence and use of new, powerful gasoline engines. Tiered wings and a 75 hp motor. With. on gasoline, they did their job, the ship was able not only to stand on its wings, but also reached a record speed of 39 knots at that time.

A little later, the American inventor improved the development by increasing the speed of the ship to a record 70 knots. Later, already in 1930, an engineer from Germany invented wings of a more ergonomic shape, reminiscent of the Latin letter V. The new wing shape allowed the ship to stay on the water, even in strong waves, with speeds up to 40 knots.

Russia was also among the countries that were engaged in similar developments and in 1957, a well-known Soviet shipbuilder developed a series of large boats under the code names:

• Rocket;
• Meteor;
• Comet.

The ships were very popular in the foreign market, they were purchased by such countries as the USA, Great Britain, as well as the countries of the Middle East. Wide application hydrofoils served for military purposes, for reconnaissance of the territory and patrolling maritime borders.

Soviet and Russian military hydrofoils

At the Naval, there were about 80 boats with hydrofoils. The following types were distinguished:

• Small anti-submarine ships. According to the technical component, the boat consisted of an engine with two turbines, with a capacity of 20 thousand liters each. s., an average onboard rudder, a thruster located in the bow of the ship and two rotary columns located at the stern. The main advantages were high speed and a radio station that worked for thousands of kilometers. The ship weighed 475 tons and was 49 meters long and 10 meters wide. The speed was 47 knots, with autonomy up to 7 days. The ships were armed with two or four tube torpedo tubes, the ammunition load was 8 missiles.
• Project 133 Antares boats. Any boat from this series had such specifications as a displacement equal to 221 tons, a length of 40 meters and a width of 8 meters. The maximum developing speed was 60 knots, with a cruising range of 410 miles. Power plants consisted of two gas turbine engines of the M-70 series, with a capacity of 10 thousand liters. With. each. The armament included 76-mm artillery complex with 152 rounds of ammunition and a 30-mm anti-aircraft gun with 152 rounds of ammunition. In addition, most of the ships had 6 BB-1 class depth charges and an MRG-1 grenade launcher and one bomb releaser. It was considered a great advantage that the ship was capable of reaching speeds of up to 40 knots in a five-point storm.

At one time, all developed countries were able to take part in the construction of hydrofoils, but Soviet ships are considered the best. During the Soviet era, about 1,300 hydrofoil ships were built. The main disadvantages of the vessels were considered to be low fuel efficiency and the impossibility of approaching an unequipped shore.

In 1990, the last hydrofoil was put out of action. In the entire history of that ship, it was controlled by 4 captains - V.M. Dolgikh and E.V. Vanyukhin - captains of the third rank, V.E. Kuzmichev and N.A. Goncharov - captain-lieutenant. Subsequently, it was transferred to the OFI for disarmament and cut into metal.

The Pella Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant, located in the city of Otradnoy, Leningrad Region, has begun testing two Project 03160 Raptor patrol boats built for the Russian Navy.

Since 2013, the Pella plant has already built 11 of these boats. 2 of them are part of the Baltic Fleet, 5 - of the Black Sea Fleet, solving reconnaissance missions as part of special-purpose marine points. Two Black Sea Raptors were transferred to the Syrian Tartus in 2016. Another boat was built in the version of a messenger, but is used to transport VIP naval commanders. According to the bmpd blog, it is constantly moored at the mooring complex National Center defense command Russian Federation on the Frunzenskaya embankment of the Moscow River.

The construction of boats of various designs and purposes for the Russian Navy is perhaps the most dynamic segment of domestic shipbuilding. All of them form the so-called "mosquito fleet", which operates with high efficiency in the coastal zone, deciding full complex tasks of defense and warfare at a distance of 100 to 700 miles from the base.

Speedboat "Raptor"

"Raptor", developed in the design bureau of the Pella plant, is perhaps the smallest boat. Its displacement is 23 tons, and its length is 17 meters. Designed to patrol its area of ​​responsibility. But it can also go on “business trips” on board or in the docking chamber of large landing ships. Which, as mentioned above, was done by the Raptors assigned to the Black Sea Fleet.

These are by far the fastest boats of the Russian Navy, their speed is 48 knots. (True, two faster ones are assigned to the Caspian flotilla, but their resource has almost been exhausted). That is, the Raptor is capable of delivering 20 commandos over a distance of 100 miles in almost 2 hours. At economic speed, the boat is able to move 300 miles. Enormous speed is provided by two engines with a total power of 2300 hp, working on a jet propulsion.

Crew - 2 people. The body is armored. The boat is armed with three machine guns. Along the sides are "ordinary" machine guns of 7.62 mm caliber. More serious weapon- Vladimirov heavy machine gun. It is equipped with an optoelectronic module capable of detecting targets against the background of interference at a distance of 3 km. The fire control system calculates the trajectory of the target and makes adjustments for disturbing factors. Aiming range - 2 km.

Under a contract with the Ministry of Defense, the Pella plant will build 6 more Raptors. Thus, their number will reach 17.

Anti-sabotage boat of project 21980 "Rook" was developed in 2008 by the Nizhny Novgorod Design Bureau Vympel. Due to the great need of the fleet for boats of this project, they are being built at three plants at once - at the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant, at the Vostochnaya Verf in Vladivostok and at the Rybinsk Vympel. Designed to combat sabotage and terrorist forces and means in the waters of the naval bases.

Launching of the Grachonok boat, the first in a series of four anti-sabotage boats ordered by the Russian Ministry of Defense, at the Vympel shipyard

This is a more solid ship than the Raptor, which has a displacement of 139 tons and a length of 31 meters. Maximum speed - 23 knots, cruising range - 200 miles. Crew - 8 people.

The boat is equipped with advanced means of monitoring the surface and underwater conditions, as well as equipment that allows you to work at a depth of up to 300 meters. These include: a radar station, a hydroacoustic station, an optical-electronic complex, a remote-controlled underwater vehicle, a ship diving complex with a pressure chamber.

Armament includes a 14.5 mm heavy machine gun and a hand grenade launcher. To protect against an underwater attack by saboteurs, an automatic 10-barreled grenade launcher of 55 mm caliber is used. It is capable of hitting saboteurs at a depth of up to 40 meters and at a distance of up to 16 meters. With surface fire, the range reaches 500 meters. Protection from air attack is provided by 4 Igla MANPADS.

There are 12 boats in service. 4 more under construction.

The main striking power of the "mosquito fleet" is provided by missile boats of several projects, which differ from each other in the anti-ship missile systems. These are large missile boats of projects 12411, 12411 T, 12417. All these are modifications of the basic project 1241 "Lightning", developed in 1979 at the Almaz Central Design Bureau as a response to similar Western developments.

A total of 50 boats were built for the Navy and another 30 for export. At the moment, there are 26 boats in service, the last of which came to the fleet already in the zero years in a fairly modernized form. Moreover, the command of the Navy ordered 2 more boats, which should be built next year at the Vympel Rybinsk shipyard.

The main weapon of the latest modifications of the boat is four supersonic cruise missiles P-270 "Mosquito", put into service in 1984. Despite the fact that the boat has a small displacement (about 500 tons), one missile is capable of destroying a ship with a displacement of 20,000 tons. It is quite modern, as evidenced, for example, by the flight of a rocket at a height of 7 meters, electronic warfare, a range equal, depending on the flight path, from 120 km to 250 km. And a very solid maximum speed of 2.8 M. The rocket has the ability to maneuver.

To artillery weapons include the AK-176 76 mm mount, which allows automatic firing using the ship's radar, and the AK-630 6-barrel 30 mm automatic artillery mount. Protection against air attack is provided by the stationary Strela-3 air defense system.

As for the radio-technical armament of the boat, in terms of capabilities it is not inferior to similar armament of small missile ships.

As already mentioned, the total displacement, depending on the modification, ranges from 460 tons to 550 tons. Length - 56 meters. Width - 10 meters. Crew - 40 people, including five officers. With a solid weight and dimensions, the boat has top speed at 42 knots, which covers a distance of 400 miles. An economic stroke of 12 knots provides a range of 2,400 miles.

The class of landing craft, of which there are 35 units in the Russian Navy, is represented by five projects. The oldest of them is project 1176 "Shark" was put into production in the early 70s. The rest belong to the Russian period of our history.

The absolute world record holder is project 11770 Chamois. These hovercraft with a displacement of 99 tons and a length of 26 meters are capable of carrying 92 fully equipped paratroopers or equipment weighing 45 tons. At the same time, it has a speed of 30 knots and a range of 600 miles. Since 1993, 16 boats have been built.

Brand new landing craft project 21820 "Dugong" were developed in 2005 at the Central Design Bureau for Hydrofoils. R.E. Alekseeva. The speed of this hovercraft is significantly higher - 35 knots. With a full displacement of 280 tons, it is capable of carrying up to 140 tons of cargo. It can be 2 main battle tanks, 4 armored personnel carriers, hundreds of paratroopers in various combinations. The boat can land troops on an unprepared shore, relatively speaking, on a “wild” one. It is assumed that each fleet should have 4-5 such boats. So far, 5 have been built. Each of them was given the names of officers who distinguished themselves in the years Patriotic War 1812 - "Ataman Platov", "Denis Davydov", "Ivan Kartsov", "Lieutenant Rimsky-Korsakov", "Midshipman Lermontov". At the moment, 9 more boats are being built.

Landing craft "Michman Lermontov" project 21820 "Dugong"

Landing craft project 02250, developed by the Euroyachting company, owned by the Rybinsk shipbuilding plant, began to be built in 2014. Two units are ready. This is a small, displacement of 20 tons, but a speedboat with a speed of 40 knots. Carries 19 paratroopers for a distance of 400 miles. The boat is armed with machine guns, as well as an unmanned aerial vehicle used for reconnaissance purposes. It also provides for the setting of four mines by a boat. The designers have provided for four more modifications of the boat: a command boat, a medical boat with an intensive care unit, a fireman, and a diving boat.

The “old-new” line is very interesting in terms of combat. project 12061 Murena-M hovercraft landing craft, developed at Almaz Central Design Bureau. Its construction should begin very soon. This is a modification of the Moray, which, starting from the 80s, was built in 11 copies. "Murena" was the development of the boat of the 70s of the project 1206 "Kalmar", which develops a speed of 55 knots. Two such boats are still serving in the Caspian flotilla.

Murena also has a record speed of 55 knots. However, she has a significant increase firepower. Only two 12.7 mm machine guns are installed on the Kalmar. Murena is capable of producing efficient fire support landing troops. It is armed with two 30 mm automatic artillery mounts and two grenade launchers of the same caliber. There are also 8 Igla MANPADS on board.

Landing hovercraft "Dzheyran" and "Kalmar"

The Murena-M boat has a total displacement of 150 tons. Length - 31 meters, width - 14.6 meters. Range - 200 miles. Crew - 12 people. Capable of carrying one tank, or 2 armored personnel carriers, or 140 marines. It can overcome obstacles with a height of 0.8 meters.

The construction of five Murena-M boats is planned.

4 more boats continue to be in service, which belong to a disappearing type of weapon. it artillery boats of projects 1204 "Bumblebee". It has a turret from a floating tank PT-76B with a 76-mm gun. In the 60s - 79s, 118 such boats were built. We have 4 of them left. Since the boats were built in Nikolaev, now they are operated in large numbers in Ukraine.

The project 03160 Raptor patrol boat was first launched in mid-August 2013. This speedboat was made specifically for the Russian Navy at the Pella Leningrad Shipyard. The Swedish boats Combat Boat 90 (in its civil modification), which were bought by Russia in the period from 2004 to 2012 in the amount of 11 pieces, acted as "donors". Since Sweden sold Russia only commercial versions of patrol boats, devoid of armor and weapons, it was decided to create their own version of an armored patrol boat based on them.

As of 2015, the Russian Navy received 8 Raptor high-speed patrol boats, and in the period from 2016 to 2019, the Pella shipyard undertook to supply the fleet with more than 10 project 03160 boats. Raptor high-speed boats are by far the most fast military boats in Russia.

Project history 03160

In the Soviet Union, starting from the end of the 60s, close attention was paid to the development of small patrol boats designed for the following purposes:

• Interception and detention of surface targets that violated the boundaries of the territorial waters of the USSR;
• Patrol of water areas;
• Sea defense of naval bases from various types of sabotage;
• Implementation of search and rescue operations.

For these purposes, in 1967, it was designed, and in 1969, the Grif patrol boat, developed as part of Project 1400, was put into production. These 36-ton patrol ships at that time fully corresponded to their tasks. During the years of production, which lasted until 1990, about 300 boats of this series were produced. They were produced in three factories:

• PO Almaz;
• Software "Sea";
• Batumi Shipyard.

In Ukraine, the construction of the Grif boats continued into the 1990s.

Although about 100 Grif boats are still in naval service, they were morally and physically obsolete back in the late 1980s. The rather worn-out boats, capable of speeds of 29 knots, were significantly inferior in their characteristics to their foreign counterparts. Back in the late 80s, it was planned to launch new project to create a more promising model of a combat patrol boat, but the collapse Soviet Union prevented the implementation of these plans.

For a long time, this niche remained unfilled, since the financing of the Navy in the 90s was practically stopped. Only at the end of the 90s, at the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk, a new high-speed patrol boat "Mongoose" was developed, created as part of project 12150. This boat, which began mass production in 2000, could accelerate to 53 knots, which, according to compared with the speed of the outdated Vultures, it was a real breakthrough.

However, the speed boats "Mongoose" did not quite correspond to the ideas of the IMF of Russia about the ideal patrol boat. In their opinion, such a boat should have the following characteristics:

• The presence of a ramp for landing;
• Serious weapons on board;
• Easy booking of the hull;
• Small draft of the ship.

Fast patrol boats "Mongoose", despite their outstanding speed performance, were boats of a slightly different class.

The immediate predecessors of the Raptor series boats

Since the domestic defense industry could not at that time provide Navy Russian high-speed patrol boats. It was decided to purchase vessels of this class in Sweden. In the period from 2004 to 2012, 11 Combat Boat 90 boats were purchased from Dockstavarvet, which differed from their military modifications in the absence of armor and weapons.

Swedish military boats have been produced since 1991. Currently, there are about 250 boats of this model. They are widely used in the Navy and power structures of the following countries:

• Sweden;
• Norway;
• Mexico;
• Greece;
• Brazil and many other countries.

His combat capabilities repeatedly tested in the course of many military operations around the world.

Although there is no direct mention of this, there is no doubt that the Russian Raptor amphibious assault boat is a significantly improved modification of the Swedish Strb 90H model boat. The main differences between the Russian development and the original are as follows:

• Size increase;
• More modern equipment;
• Installation of more modern and powerful engines, which made it possible to significantly improve the speed characteristics of the Russian model;
• Installation of a more powerful machine gun. Most of the machine guns that are installed on Swedish patrol ships have a caliber of no more than 12.7 mm. The Russian Raptor has a more powerful 14.5 mm machine gun;
• The armor of the Russian patrol ship significantly exceeds the standard armor of the Swedish military boat.

That is, at present, the Russian development is significantly superior to the Swedish counterpart in almost all respects.

Several Swedish boats were transferred federal service security in Moscow. In 2013, they were transferred to the Russian Navy. Wide known fact that Swedish boats were widely used during the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi. In 2014, the boats were transferred to Sevastopol, where they were widely used to ensure the security of President Vladimir Putin, who visited this city on May 9, 2014.

Since it was too expensive to create a patrol boat based on the Vulture or Mongoose, it was decided to create the Raptor project on the basis of Swedish ships, which were designed specifically as speed patrol boats.

The purpose of the Raptor boats

High-speed landing assault boats "Raptor" are designed to perform a wide range of tasks. They can work effectively both in daylight and in the dark. The design of the patrol boat provides it with excellent speed and the ability to move through the sea even with waves up to 5 points inclusive.

The boat is capable of carrying up to 20 paratroopers in full ammunition. This feature allows you to use it for pinpoint landing strikes. The armament of the patrol boat is capable of providing fire support to the landing troops, as well as providing them with cover during the retreat. In addition, the Raptor patrol boat is capable of protecting ship bases or escorting commercial and scientific vessels in dangerous areas.

Since the high-speed patrol corps landing craft Made of aluminum, it is not subject to corrosion. Thanks to special equipment, the boat can perform combat missions at a distance of 100 miles from their base.

Appearance and technical characteristics of the Raptor boats

If we compare the new boats of the Raptor project and the Swedish patrol boats Combat Boat 90, their similarity immediately catches the eye. Wherein Russian boats more massive, technically advanced and better armed.

The weight of the Raptor landing patrol boat is only 8 tons. It became possible to achieve such indicators due to the use of aluminum in the construction of the ship's hull. At the same time, it was possible to achieve high strength indicators, the Raptor can participate in operations on the high seas with waves up to 5 points.

The bow of the boat is equipped with a ramp for landing or landing. Immediately behind the first compartment of the vessel there is a special hill - a navigation post. There is the captain of the ship and the helmsman-signalman, who is also responsible for arming the ship.

The capacity of the Raptor is such that it is able to take on board a whole platoon of special forces, marines or combat swimmers, and they will be in full gear. To accommodate the fighters in the patrol vessel, there is a large landing compartment, which is equipped with 20 seats equipped with safety belts. Each of the chairs has a lot of settings for the parameters of its user.

Immediately behind the landing compartment is the aft compartment, in which the engine room is located. The following units are located in the engine room:

• Two powerful diesel engines equipped with turbines;
• Clutch mechanism;
• Powerful water jets.

The advent of special water cannons made it possible to give the patrol boats of the Raptor series amazing maneuverability. Now the ship is able to turn around literally in one place. The work of engines and water jets is monitored by a regular minder.

All compartments of the boat are separated by powerful watertight bulkheads. In the event of a hole, the ship is able to stay afloat, since only one compartment will be flooded. Above the engine room is a special platform, which has an armored bulwark. In the case of sending a ship on a combat mission, 7.62 mm Pecheneg machine guns are installed on the swivel mounts of this platform.

The armor that is installed on the Raptor boat covers not only the platform for firing from machine guns, but also the landing compartment along with the navigation post. Armor is represented by composite panels that can withstand a 7.62 mm bullet.

The main combat module "Raptor"

The main combat module of the Raptor airborne patrol boat is located immediately behind the navigation post. This is the latest development of JSC NPO Karat, which is called the remote-controlled combat module "Uprava-Kord". It consists of a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and an optoelectronic module.

This weapon is capable of independently detecting targets even against the background of interference. The system automatically calculates both the distance to the target and corrects the fire, adjusted for the trajectory of movement and other factors. The system has several functions, among which there is a "warning light". When this function is enabled, the system, having corrected the speed of the target and its distance, will produce a warning burst that will lie across the course of the intruder vessel.

The combat module is capable of detecting a target at a distance of up to 3 km. In this case, the fire can be conducted at a distance of up to 2 km. A powerful machine gun retains the lethal force of a bullet at a distance of up to 8 km. If the distance to the target is up to 500 meters, 14.5 mm caliber bullets can penetrate 32 mm armor.

If the combat potential of the KPVT machine gun is not enough to complete the intended combat mission, an automatic grenade launcher can be installed on the module.

Advantages and disadvantages of project 03160 combat boats

Against the background of outdated patrol boats of the Grif series, the Raptor airborne patrol boats look very modern. Their main advantages are as follows:

• The boats have on board the most modern systems of communication, navigation, detection and tracking;
• Powerful engines are capable of providing the combat boat with a speed of up to 48 knots. At the same time, they work so quietly that the Raptor is able to get close to its target almost silently. Such noise isolation is made specifically for silent night operations for landing troops;
• In order to simplify as much as possible the procedure for lifting the boat to the shore or deck of the carrier ship, special eyelets are provided;
• Whole personnel boats undergo not only mandatory multi-level training at the Joint training center IMF of Russia, but also studies its future ship at the manufacturing plant.

Despite the mass positive sides, airborne patrol boats have some disadvantages:

• In the manufacture of aluminum parts of the case, it turned out to be impossible to apply the standard stamping procedure, so they have to be done exclusively by hand;
• Since the main scheme of the Raptor boat was copied from Swedish boats of this type, the question arises of using imported components and components. In the context of the sanctions that the West has been applying to Russia over the past time, production often simply stops due to a lack of necessary components, so now work is underway aimed at full import substitution.

At the same time, it is worth noting that the share of foreign components that are used in the construction of boats of the Raptor series is decreasing every year.

Project 03160 represents the successful implementation of a plan to develop modern airborne patrol boats. Despite financial difficulties, the number of patrol boats in the Russian IMF continues to grow.

Project 1258 ships are designed to search for and destroy mines in the base and offshore zones, cover escort and landing operations of the fleet forces, patrol in designated areas, and fight saboteurs. Produced in several series, which differed slightly in performance characteristics. This project was the main type of anti-mine ship of the raid zone of the USSR Navy.
In the fleet since 1985.

Project 1259.2 ships are designed to search for and destroy mines in the offshore zone, in shallow water, cover escort and landing operations of the fleet forces, patrol in specified areas, and fight saboteurs.
In the fleet since 1990.

Project 1253 ships are designed to search for and destroy mines in the roadstead zone, in shallow water, cover escort and landing operations of the fleet forces, patrol in specified areas, and fight saboteurs.
In the fleet since 1980.

The R-60 missile boat of project 1241.7 is a further development of project 1241. It received a new promising air defense system and electronic equipment. The boat is designed to destroy ships and formations of the enemy fleet in the near sea zone, cover the escort and landing operations of the fleet forces, provide air defense of the fleet formations, and patrol in specified areas.
In the fleet since 1987.
NB: In 2005-2006 it was modernized in Sevastopol. Both AK-630s were dismantled and the Broadsword ZAK was installed.

The R-71 missile boat of project 12417 is a further development of project 1241. Received new complex Air defense and radio-electronic equipment The boat is designed to destroy ships and formations of the enemy fleet in the near sea zone, cover escort and landing operations of the fleet forces, provide air defense of fleet formations, and patrol in specified areas.
As part of Black Sea Fleet since 1985
NB: In 2005, the Kortik ZRAK was dismantled. It is planned to install the AK-630.

Missile boats of project 1241.1 are designed to destroy ships and formations of the enemy fleet in the near sea zone, cover escort and landing operations of the fleet forces, and patrol in specified areas. Produced in several series, which differed slightly in performance characteristics. were the main type missile boat Navy of the USSR.
As part of the Black Sea Fleet:
"R-109"(1990, tail number 952),
"R-239"(1989, tail number 953),
"R-334" "Ivanovets"(1989, tail number 954).

Landing craft "DKA-144" project 11770 "Serna" is a new generation landing craft on an air cavity. Its performance characteristics have been improved compared to the DKA of previous generations. Landing boats are designed for landing troops, equipment and weapons on an unequipped coast, transporting troops and cargo in roadsteads. It is the main type of DKA of the Russian Navy.
In the fleet since 2008.

Project 1176 "Akula" landing craft are designed for landing troops, equipment and weapons on an unequipped coast, transporting troops and cargo in roadsteads. Produced in several series, which differed slightly in performance characteristics. They were the main type of landing craft of the USSR Navy.
In the fleet since 2009