As unesco translates. Unesco decoding: history and tasks

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As many people know, there world organization on science, education and culture, which is called UNESCO. In the article we will describe in detail what UNESCO is and talk about its activities.

UNESCO - transcript

In fact, this name in Russian is just a transfer of English letters, the so-called transliteration. Therefore, we will have to decipher the English name. The literal translation of UNESCO means: United (United) Nations (Nations) Educational (Education), Scientific (Science) and Cultural (and Culture) Organization (Organization). In Russian it would have sounded like the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, but this abbreviation did not take root, so we use this designation, copied into Russian - UNESCO.

UNESCO action

Founded on November 16, 1945, that is, immediately after the end of the Great Patriotic War, the organization deployed vigorous activity aimed at restoring the destroyed educational institutions, restoration of monuments. The main goal of UNESCO is to establish cooperation between states in the field of culture, education and science, to solve the problems of discrimination in the field of literacy and education, as well as to train national personnel for each state and, of course, to protect cultural objects of world importance. This is what we are going to talk about in a little more detail.

UNESCO World Heritage

In 1972, the organization adopted the so-called Convention for the Protection of the World Heritage - Natural and Cultural, which entered into force in 1975. At the annual sessions that have taken place since then, UNESCO members decide on the inclusion of a particular cultural object in the World Heritage Fund. As soon as one or the other natural area or a cultural object falls under the protection of the organization (they say: “is under the auspices of UNESCO”), then international norms prohibit any work to be carried out there and something to be erected, demolished and rebuilt without the knowledge of the Organization. More information about the activities of the organization can be found on the official website of UNESCO.

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Introduction

UNESCO (UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The main goals declared by the organization are to promote the strengthening of peace and security through the expansion of cooperation between states and peoples in the field of education, science and culture; ensuring justice and observance of the rule of law, universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, for all peoples, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion.

The organization was founded on November 16, 1945 and is headquartered in Paris, France. The organization currently has 195 Member States and 8 Associate Members. The organization includes more than 60 bureaus and divisions located in various parts of the world.

Among the issues covered by the activities of the organization: problems of discrimination in education and illiteracy; study of national cultures and training of national personnel; Problems social sciences, geology, oceanography and biosphere. UNESCO's focus is on Africa and gender equality.

Education

Gymnasium 12 in Sebnitz -- UNESCO Associated School

UNESCO sees education as its priority activities since the founding of the organization. After the war, the organization was engaged in the restoration of destroyed schools and the establishment of interrupted contacts in the field of education in Western Europe. In the 1950s, the organization also became involved in the protection of human rights in the field of education. In 1960, the Convention against Discrimination in Education was adopted. After new African states joined the organization in the early 1960s, UNESCO began to focus on developing countries.

In 1991, the UNITWIN (University Twinning and Networking) program, also known as the worldwide network of UNESCO Chairs, was created. UNESCO Chairs are engaged in the exchange of experience, knowledge and technology in education, as well as internships for teachers, which contribute to improving the quality of teaching, training and research. In 1992, a similar program was created in the field of vocational education - UNEVOC (Eng. Technical and Vocational Education and Training). In 2009, the second world conference on higher education took place (the first was held in 1998 and was recognized as a success). During the second conference, the main controversy was raised by such questions as whether higher education can be considered a public good, whether trade is possible in the region higher education(connection with the agreement on trade in services), university rankings. UNESCO identifies four main aspects in the learning process "learning to know, learning to be able, learning to live and learning to live together."

UNESCO is engaged in the publication of books, monographs, reference materials on education. Periodically produced materials include: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, Study Abroad, World Education Guide, Perspectives. Every two years are held international conferences of Education.

culture

The foundation of UNESCO's work in the field of culture is the promotion of cultural diversity based on human relationships. This approach was reaffirmed in 2001 with the adoption of the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. From the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage, which is of value to all mankind, the organization has moved to the protection various forms intangible cultural heritage, masterpieces oral art. Another point in the work of UNESCO in the field of culture is the preservation of cultural sites in the zone of armed conflicts, the basis of this activity is the Hague Convention of 1954.

Cultural matters are handled by the regional offices in Venice and Havana. Among the programs of UNESCO under the jurisdiction of the cultural direction are such programs as world heritage, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Underwater Cultural Heritage.

Special Topics

In addition to the main areas, UNESCO develops a number of special topics: climate change, dialogue among civilizations, small island states, youth, languages, solving problems-consequences of conflicts and natural disasters.

Budget receipts

The organization's regular budget consists of contributions from member states. UNESCO operates a combined fee system. The ability to pay contributions in different currencies depends on the needs of the organization in these currencies for various programs. Among the tasks of the UNESCO secretariat is the attraction of extrabudgetary funds. Funds are raised in the form of voluntary donations from donor states and international organizations and funds, including the United Nations Development Program, the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), the United Nations Program for environment(UNEP), World Bank. Koichiro Matsuura in an interview with the magazine " international life", being CEO UNESCO named four sources of extrabudgetary funds: international agencies, bilateral donors, civil society and private investors.

official languages

Currently official languages organizations are English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French. Since its founding in 1946, the official languages of the Secretariat, the General Conference and the Executive Board of UNESCO have been English and French. In 1950, Spanish was added to the general conference languages, and in 1954, Russian. Also in 1954, both languages became official for the executive board. The main governing bodies of the organization included Arabic in the list of official languages in 1974. Chinese was added to the list in 1977 for the executive board and in 1980 for the general conference.

Control

The governing bodies of UNESCO are the General Conference, which meets every two years, and the Executive Board, elected by the General Conference and managing the organization between its sessions. executive body UNESCO is a secretariat headed by a director general. The functions and areas of responsibility of the governing bodies of the organization are spelled out in the charter.

Programs

Man and the biosphere

Belovezhskaya Pushcha is one of the first biosphere reserves.

The program presents a work plan for interdisciplinary research designed to improve the interaction of man with his natural environment. The main objectives of the program are to determine the environmental, social and economic consequences of biodiversity loss, as well as to reduce such losses. For its work, the program uses the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, which brings together specially protected natural areas designed to demonstrate the balanced interaction of nature and man, the concept sustainable development environment.

Biosphere reserves are distinguished by the concept of zoning, which consists in the creation of three special zones: the core, the buffer zone and the transition zone. The core, or core area, is the least disturbed ecosystem that enjoys long-term protection and allows for the conservation of biological diversity. A well-defined buffer zone is located around or adjacent to the cores and is used for environmentally sound activities, as well as applications and fundamental research. The transition zone, or cooperation zone, allows for the placement settlements and some agricultural activities. In the zone of cooperation, local administrations and other organizations work together for rational management and sustainable reproduction of resources.

world heritage

The Galapagos Islands are the number one World Heritage Site.

In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which entered into force in 1975. Almost every year, the World Heritage Committee holds sessions at which the objects of the program are identified - natural or man-made objects, the priority tasks in relation to which are conservation and promotion due to their special cultural, historical or environmental significance.

The main purpose of the World Heritage List is to make known and protect properties that are unique in their own way. For this, and because of the desire for objectivity, evaluation criteria were drawn up. The first six criteria have been in force since 1978 and define cultural objects, natural objects have been included in the list since 2002, when four additional natural inclusion criteria appeared. Since 2005, all 10 criteria have been combined into a single list.

A number of World Heritage sites are under threat of destruction due to natural or human factors such as earthquakes, armed conflicts, uncontrolled tourism and others. The purpose of the organization is to prepare a program active action and monitoring of the object in order to remove it from the list as soon as possible. The List of World Heritage in Danger came along with the main list, but not all countries are willing to nominate properties to it, as inclusion on the list draws international attention to the problem.

Intangible Cultural Heritage

The art of Azerbaijani ashugs is an object of intangible cultural heritage.

In 2003, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. This name was given to oral traditions, traditional music, dances, rituals and festivals, crafts. Characteristic features objects is the connection with nature and history, cultural diversity and creativity, transmission from generation to generation. Heritage is not limited to material values and is also called living heritage, while the organization's experts do not recommend using the word authentic.

Once every two years, committee sessions are held, which determine the masterpieces of the oral and intangible cultural heritage. As with World Heritage, a number of masterpieces require urgent protection and are placed on a special list. Such facilities can count on special assistance and financial support.

Within the framework of this program, the protection of endangered languages is also implemented. UNESCO has developed criteria for the preservation of languages and is issuing an atlas of endangered languages, which includes all languages that are endangered. The latest edition of the atlas was published in 2009.

memory of the world

The film The Wizard of Oz is a classic of cinema and the memory of the world.

The Memory of the World Program was founded in 1992 to protect documentary heritage. The program is designed to protect documentary heritage, historical documents, archives, etc., to assist in access to information, to draw everyone's attention to the significance of existing objects. To achieve its goals, the program provides practical support and assistance in finding sponsors for specific projects, stimulates the preparation of Internet catalogs, the publication of books, DVDs and other products within the framework of the laws on private property of individual states.

Since 1997, an international register of objects has been maintained to attract attention. Program committee sessions for roster entry take place every two years.

In 1942, at the initiative of Richard A. Butler, President of the Council for Education of England and Wales, and M. Robertson, President of the British Council, the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education was convened in Great Britain. The meeting, which was attended by representatives of 8 governments in exile, took place in London from 16 November to 5 December. The main issue of the conference was the restoration of the education system with the advent of peace. Instead of a one-time event, about 60 meetings took place until December 1945. The ideas of the conference found support in the world community.

At the end of World War II, London hosted the United Nations Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organization (ECO/CONF). The conference was convened on the recommendation of the 1942 meeting and the United Nations Conference on international organization(Eng. United Nations Conference on International Organization), which took place in April-June 1945 in San Francisco. The main objectives of the organization were to establish a true culture of peace and prevent the outbreak of a new world war, realized through the promotion of the "intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind."

On November 16, 1945, the Charter of UNESCO was signed and a preparatory commission was set up. The charter was signed by representatives of 37 states out of 44 present at the meeting. The Charter came into force after it was ratified by 20 states. This happened on November 4, 1946. The first session of the UNESCO General Conference, which was attended by representatives of 30 states, was held in Paris from November 19 to December 10, 1946.

UNESCO is the successor international committee League of Nations for Intellectual Cooperation and its executive agency, the International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation. The International Committee (or Commission) for Intellectual Cooperation, consisting of 12 people, was created in 1922 at the suggestion of Leon Bourgeois, laureate Nobel Prize peace. The League of Nations considered questions of culture and education to be the internal affairs of states and financially limited the activities of the committee. Financial assistance was received from France in 1926, along with the establishment in Paris of the International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation. The Institute dealt with contacts between universities, libraries, scientific unions, translation literary works, legal issues of intellectual property, cooperation in the field of museums and art, media relations. The transfer of powers, which can be carried out within the framework of the UNESCO action plan, was carried out in accordance with Article 9 of the UNESCO Constitution and Article 63 of the UN Charter. In addition, the financial assets of the institute were transferred to UNESCO.

Awards and prizes

UNESCO awards international awards in their areas of competence. Among them - Peace Prize. Felix Houphouet-Boigny and the L "Oreal-UNESCO Women and Science Award".

International days and memorable dates

UNESCO also notes international days, years and decades, takes part in the celebration of the most important international anniversaries.

In 2011, UNESCO celebrates the 200th anniversary of the birth of Franz Liszt, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Rabindtranat Tagore, the 50th anniversary of the death of Patrice Lumumba, the 1000th anniversary of the construction of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv (1011), the 150th anniversary of death of T. G. Shevchenko (1861, St. Petersburg) and other memorable dates.

From Russian Federation for 2011, the 50th anniversary of the first manned flight into space (Yu. A. Gagarin, 1961) and the 300th anniversary of the birth of M. V. Lomonosov (1711).

Approval of the next international observances of UNESCO (for 2012-2013) will take place during the 36th session of the General Conference of UNESCO in November 2011.

Philately and numismatics

UNESCO issued two series of commemorative medals in gold, silver and bronze. The first series is dedicated to the unique monuments of the World Heritage, which are under the threat of destruction or require special attention. The second series is dedicated to prominent personalities and historical dates. With rare exceptions, the Paris Mint is engaged in the manufacture of medals. Sale is carried out only in the souvenir kiosk of the headquarters of the organization. Since 1966, 55 commemorative medals have been issued.

Since 1961, the French Post began issuing official stamps for the needs of UNESCO. After 1980, in addition to the inscriptions, the World Heritage Sites appeared on the stamps. The stamps were issued with denominations in French francs. Later, the UN Postal Administration set up an issue with denominations in euros and Swiss francs.

In the 1950s and 1960s, UNESCO issued non-gift stamps. The first red 25-cent stamps depicting the UN Headquarters in New York were issued in 1951 and sold in American schools. In 1952 blue stamps were issued for France and purple stamps for Great Britain and then Australia. In 1953 Canadian, Swedish, Danish, Japanese, German and American stamps appeared. International booklets have been published since 1954. In total, about 60 stamps were issued.

Numerous stamps dedicated to UNESCO World Heritage organization and sites various countries the world, as well as the UN.

Bibliography

international science culture league nation

1. Treasures of mankind. UNESCO World Heritage, Marco Cattaneo, Yasmina Trifoni

2. Most unique reserves peace. UNESCO World Heritage, Marco Cattaneo, Jasmine Trifoni

3. 70 wonders of the world. From UNESCO World Heritage

4. International non-governmental organizations. Directory. Moscow, 1967

5. en.wikipedia.org ›wiki/UNESCO

6. dic.academic.ru ›dic.nsf/es/67091/UNESCO

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What is unesco?

UNESCO is the educational, scientific and cultural agency of the United Nations and is committed to peace through international cooperation in these areas. UNESCO programs contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by General Assembly United Nations in 2015.

our vision

Political and economic agreements between governments are not enough to ensure strong and sincere support for the aspirations of the peoples. A lasting peace must be built on the basis of dialogue and mutual understanding, as well as on the intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind.

In this context, UNESCO is developing educational tools to shape the citizens of the future, free from hatred and intolerance. UNESCO is committed to ensuring that every child and citizen has access to quality education. By promoting the preservation of cultural heritage and protecting the equal dignity of all cultures, UNESCO strengthens the bonds between them. UNESCO helps develop research policy as a driving force for development and cooperation. UNESCO defends freedom of expression as a fundamental right and a necessary condition for democracy and development. UNESCO acts as a laboratory of ideas, sets international standards and implements cooperation programs that promote the free exchange of ideas and knowledge.

This vision of the world was born after the Second World War, driven by racist and anti-Semitic ideology. More than seventy years later, UNESCO's mandate remains as relevant as ever in a world where cultural diversity is under attack and plagued by new forms of intolerance, scientific knowledge is questioned and freedom of expression is in danger. In response, UNESCO must continue its humanitarian action in the fields of education, science and culture.

key facts: a selection of unesco success stories

strategic documents

UNESCO has a unique role to play in strengthening the foundations of lasting peace and equitable and sustainable development. The development of cooperation in the field of education, science, culture, communication and information has a strategic importance at a time when societies around the world are facing increasing pressures of change and the international community is facing new challenges.

unesco history

In 1942, at the height of World War II, the government European countries, fighting against Nazi Germany and its allies, gathered in the UK for a joint Conference of Ministers of Education (CMOS). The war was far from over, but countries are already concerned about rebuilding their education systems with peace. In a very short time, the project takes on a global scale. More and more states, including the United States of America, are willing to participate in this work. At the suggestion of the CMOS, in London, immediately after the end of the war, from November 1 to November 16, 1945, the UN Conference on the Establishment of the Educational and Cultural Organization (ECO / CONF) is held, in which representatives of 44 states take part. The delegates decide to create an organization dedicated to establishing a true culture of peace. According to their plan, the new organization is designed to help ensure the "intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind" and, thereby, prevent the unleashing of a new world war.

unesco headquarters

On November 3, 1958, the inauguration of the main building of UNESCO headquarters took place in Fontenoy Square in Paris. The building, shaped like the Latin letter Y, was designed by three architects from different countries, and its construction was carried out under the guidance of an international committee. The complex in the form of a three-pointed star was erected on 72 concrete columns. It is known to the whole world not only for the fact that UNESCO is located here, but also for its architectural merits.

The complex is complemented by three other buildings. The first, called the "accordion", contains a large oval hall with a pleated copper ceiling. This is where the plenary sessions of the General Conference take place. The second building was built in the shape of a cube. And, finally, in the third, at a depth of two underground levels, there are six open courtyards, into which the windows of office rooms located along the perimeter open. These buildings are open to the public and store big number unique works of art.

From the very beginning of the construction of the Fontenoy building, UNESCO commissioned famous artists works of art, some of which, in addition to their decorative and artistic purpose, would symbolize peace, the strengthening and preservation of which UNESCO sets as its task. Over time, other works of art were acquired. A number of works have been donated to the Organization by Member States. Works by Picasso, Bazin, Miro, Tapies, Corbusier and many other famous and unknown artists found their place in this universal museum, reflecting the diversity artistic creativity worldwide.

06sen

What is UNESCO (UNESCO)

UNESCO (decoding — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) - this is special organization which contributes to the achievement of the goals of the UN Charter in supporting international efforts to establish and protect the rule of law, fundamental human rights and justice for all. In addition, UNESCO strives not only to protect human rights and culture, but also the treasures that the world has to offer its inhabitants.

What is UNESCO - meaning, definition in simple words.

Simply put, UNESCO is an organization whose responsibility is to preserve the cultural heritage of mankind. This may include various objects of cultural and historical value. Such places are marked as UNESCO heritage or UNESCO sites, and are protected by both international and the laws of the country in which they are located. In addition to preserving various memorial sites, the organization conducts its activities in many directions.

The etymology of the word.

The UNESCO term ( UNESCO) is formed from the English phrase - " U nited N ations E ducational, S scientific and C cultural O organization".

Founding, headquarters and member countries of UNESCO.

This organization was established in 1945 as a division of the United Nations (UN). The headquarters of UNESCO is located in Paris, France. On the this moment the organization has 195 member countries and several countries with which there is close cooperation.

Main field of activity or programs of UNESCO:

culture;
Education;
Natural Sciences;
Social sciencies;
Humanitarian sciences;
Communication and information.

Education.

For reference: In 25% of African countries, only 50% of primary children are currently attending school. Women make up two thirds of the illiterate adult population worldwide. UNESCO has created a special program "Education for All", which is designed to help improve the level of education in underdeveloped countries. It includes the construction of new schools, the attraction of innovative technologies to improve education.

Natural Sciences.

In 2000, UNESCO established the World Assessment Program water resources. This program is designed to focus on the global water supply and help implement a global water monitoring system to ensure the safety and conservation of water resources. Campaigns such as "Water for Life" and "World Water Day" aim to raise public awareness on water conservation and water supply issues. In addition, the organization deals with global change climate.

Social and human sciences.

This area of UNESCO's work focuses on bioethics and, in particular, on the field of genetics. The organization seeks to set international standards for ethics in the sciences, using issues relating to religion and philosophy, as well as legal and cultural aspects. The scope of activities also includes issues related to doping in sports.

UNESCO - what is it? Children often ask their parents about this. Many adults do not even know what to say to the crumbs. Social advertising is familiar to everyone. But what is she? It is impossible to make out the abbreviation in Russian. And the news is constantly talking about the UNESCO world heritage, how to save it and what to do with it next. Let's deal with the peculiarities of the "overseas" organization together.

Strange abbreviation

UNESCO - what is it? From the point of view of a philologist, this is an abbreviation for English language. It is written like this: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. As you can see, the first letters of each word make up the UNESCO abbreviation. What is it in translation? Literally, it can be translated as follows: the United Nations department in charge of science, education and culture in the world. The affiliated office of the United Nations created the list of UNESCO which objects are carefully protected and checked by members of the commission. It was formed in November 1945. Today, almost 200 states all over the planet have sworn allegiance to this organization.

Tasks

To date, the main mission of UNESCO is the promotion of peace, the settlement of various conflicts, and the strengthening of cultural ties between states. The organization also expands cooperation different peoples in the fields of science, education and culture. UNESCO promotes mutual respect, justice, equality of human rights, regardless of race, gender, religion, nationality, and so on.

Heritage to man from man and to man from nature

When the world wars ended, man thought about destruction and consumption natural resources. Finally, people came up with the idea to preserve and protect the wealth of nature created and given to us for use. This is how the UNESCO list appeared, implemented in 1972. Today this list consists of more than a thousand items located in 161 countries of the planet. Among them are objects and phenomena of nature, as well as what is created by human hands. Now you will find out by what criteria objects are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Eligibility Criteria

In order to understand the importance and value of an applicant for the list, the members of the commission must decide whether it is an artificial or natural object.

For the first, characteristics such as:

the relationship of human values;
architectural development;
the uniqueness of the object;
connection to the public domain;
the beauty;
aesthetics.

For natural objects, the approach is special. Other characteristics are important here in order to get a monument into the UNESCO heritage:

exceptional aesthetic qualities of a phenomenon or area;
example of a stage of history;
an example of a stage of biology or geology;
the value of the diversity of flora or fauna.

UNESCO heritage. Fragments of the list by country

It should be noted that the record holders in this list are, of course, Russia, Mexico, China, France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Germany, Great Britain, USA, Brazil and Canada.

In Armenia, only man-made objects are protected - the monasteries of Sanahin and Haghpat. In Afghanistan - natural and man-made monuments: minarets in Jam and a cultural landscape with finds in the province of Bamiyan. Mangroves are famous in Bangladesh. Seven sites are protected in Israel: the old cities in Acre and Jerusalem, as well as the Bible Hills and the Incense Road. In India, 28 monuments are already protected! Their list includes National parks, temples, churches, mausoleums, mountain railways, Manas Wild Animal Sanctuary and so on. In Turkey, entire historical districts of Istanbul are protected.

Russian facilities are also guarded in large numbers. Once, the question was even raised to exclude Lake Baikal from the list of heritage, since our state did not fulfill its obligations to the organization. Then the leaders of our country closed the pulp and paper mill, located on the shores of the lake. In the Russian Federation, entire suburbs of St. Petersburg are protected by UNESCO: Gatchina, Strelna, Kronstadt, Pavlovsk and others. The same list includes Red Square with the Kremlin, the white-stone churches of Vladimir and Suzdal, the historical centers of Yaroslavl and St. Petersburg. The natural list includes Lake Baikal, the Altai Republic, volcanoes in Kamchatka, untouched forests of the Komi Republic, curonian spit and so on.

So, after reading our article, you can no longer be afraid of the child’s question: “UNESCO - what is it?” Moreover, you, as a parent, will boldly tell what kind of organization it is, what tasks it performs and what monuments are included in its list!