Chrysanthemum weapon. "Physicist", "Package" and "Chrysanthemum"

MOSCOW, November 7 - RIA Novosti, Andrey Kots. The latest anti-tank strike systems, modern ammunition for portable anti-aircraft missile systems(MANPADS), powerful torpedoes - these and other promising weapons began to enter the troops in 2016. Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia, General of the Army Pavel Popov, noted that such successes have been achieved through close cooperation between the department and the Rosatom concern. He added that more than one and a half thousand scientific and technical projects of potential interest to the Armed Forces have already been worked out. And since 2012, more than 300 innovative models have been introduced in the interests of the army. For more details on the latest military innovations mentioned by General Popov, see RIA Novosti.

Armor-piercing argument

Ammunition upgrades can give a second life to even obsolete or outdated weapons. A striking example is the RPG-7 anti-tank grenade launcher, adopted by Soviet army back in 1961. Its regular ammunition - the PG-7V round - penetrates only 260 millimeters of armor. This is often not enough to deal with modern armored vehicles, "hung" with dynamic protection screens. At the same time, the much "younger" tandem cumulative grenade PG-7VR "Summary", issued for the same weapon, confidently "takes" up to 650 millimeters of armor and effectively breaks through the defense. There are many such examples of successful modernization. As Pavel Popov emphasized, since 2016, modern ammunition for anti-tank missile systems (ATGM) Chrysanthemum and Shturm, MANPADS Igla, as well as torpedoes of the Package and Fizik-1 series have been created and introduced into the troops.

Despite the fact that the Chrysanthemum was first introduced in 2005, over time this car has undergone major changes. The troops today have about 30 complexes of this type. The ATGM is mounted on the chassis of the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle, which allows it to operate on the battlefield in a single formation with tanks. The modern modification "Chrysanthemum-S" is capable of firing at targets with two types of ammunition: a 9M123 missile with a tandem-cumulative warhead and a high-explosive 9M123F. Two missiles can be on the launcher at the same time.

Both types of missiles can destroy targets at ranges from 400 to 5000 meters when guided by a laser beam and from 400 to 6000 meters when guided by a radio channel. The speed of hit ground targets is up to 60 kilometers per hour, air targets - up to 340 kilometers per hour. The armor penetration of a missile with a cumulative warhead is from 1000 to 1100 millimeters behind dynamic protection. This is more than enough to hit the "forehead" of the tower, for example, the American M1A2 Abrams in the latest modifications.

The Chrysanthemum's predecessor in the army is the Shturm-S self-propelled anti-tank systems, which have been in service since 1979. Its latest modification "Shturm-SM" is capable of firing all variants of the "land" version of the Ataka missiles with armor penetration up to 800 millimeters. However, strike weapons are not the only thing that makes the Russian Chrysanthemum and Shturm strong. Both machines are integrated into a single set of automation tools for the control of anti-tank formations (KSAU PTF). This combat network allows you to coordinate the actions of self-propelled anti-tank systems on the battlefield, distribute targets between them, and prioritize their destruction.

"The system significantly increases the effectiveness of artillery, anti-tank missile systems, such as "Shturm" and "Chrysanthemum", as well as portable anti-tank systems - earlier. - With its help, automated control of anti-tank formations is carried out, interaction with higher points is carried out. technical means allow to conduct reconnaissance and surveillance of the area, to issue target designations to weapons of destruction. Data transfer and command issuance are carried out in a secure mode in a matter of seconds."

Catch a torpedo

No information has yet appeared in the media about plans to modernize the Igla portable anti-aircraft missile systems. The most recent modification of the weapon is the Igla-S, which was put into service in 2001-2002. Unlike earlier versions, this MANPADS features improved performance and new capabilities. A skilled fighter with the Needle-S is capable of destroying even a drone or a low-flying cruise missile at a distance of up to six kilometers. Probably, further work on the modernization of the complex is designed to "bring up" the existing Eagle arsenal in the troops to the level of the most modern Russian Verba MANPADS, which is capable of hitting air targets with a 9M336 missile at a distance of more than six kilometers and at altitudes of more than four from half a thousand meters.

As for the Paket-NK complex mentioned by General Popov, it is a unique ship defense system of its kind. Designed to destroy submarines in the near zone, as well as to destroy "incoming" torpedoes. "Package-NK" operates offline. It independently issues target designation for a torpedo attack on an enemy submarine, transmits target coordinates to anti-torpedoes, conducts pre-launch preparation of combat equipment modules, and also controls launchers. The operator of the complex needs only to press the button.

"Packet-NK" is a truly innovative type of weapon. It is part of the airborne defense systems of the most modern Russian corvettes of project 20380 ("Guarding", "Smart", "Courageous", "Stoic", "Perfect"), as well as frigates of the far sea zone of project 22350 (head - "Admiral Gorshkov" ). "Package-NK" significantly increases "survivability" Russian ships and makes them virtually invulnerable to single enemy torpedo attacks.

"Physicist", on the contrary, is a purely offensive weapon. This universal deep-sea homing torpedo (UGST) can hit a record 50 kilometers. Ammunition caliber - 533 mm, warhead weight - about 300 kilograms. This is more than enough to disable any type of surface ship (if, of course, you hit it well). For targeting, an active-passive sonar system is used with the ability to identify a wake at a distance of 1.2 to 2.5 kilometers and a proximity fuse response range of two to eight meters, depending on the type and size of the target. The possibility of remote control with a total cable length of about 30 kilometers is provided. An ideal weapon for an underwater ambush.

It is planned to equip all Russian submarines and surface ships carrying the older USET-80s with an effective firing range of 18-20 kilometers with the Fizik. Thus, the impact capabilities Russian fleet in the field of torpedo weapons will more than double.

Modern conflicts inevitably affect the development of military equipment. Rocket and anti-tank weapons in this sense have always been a real "spearhead" - it was on it that the most advanced technologies were honed. However, the concept of “fire and forget” comes to the fore in the development of such weapons, increasing the chances of performing combat mission without risk to the operator or equipment. Preparing to shoot From the very beginning of work on land-based anti-tank systems, the developers faced seemingly insoluble tasks. In fact, in one building it was required to combine a cross-country vehicle, armor, thanks to which, during shelling, the crew could survive and get out of the fire. "Chrysanthemum-S" among self-propelled systems to combat armored vehicles and fortifications of the enemy for many years remains the best in its class.
Different methods of detecting and capturing a target, high mobility and the base of the BMP-3, thanks to which the Khrizantema-S can even overcome water obstacles and shoot at the same time, and, of course, the guided missiles of the complex themselves, which can be used in any weather and at any time days. Experts note that in terms of its effectiveness and combination of qualities, the Chrysanthemum-S complex has no analogues in the world today. However, the experience gained as a result of decades of work, the study of conflicts, the analysis of the use of domestic and foreign anti-tank systems for armored vehicles and fortifications of the enemy showed that increasing the range and power of ammunition is impossible without serious and deep work on the entire complex.

Rule " long arm"In this case, it should continue to work - after all, one of the qualities for which experts appreciate the Chrysanthemum is the ability to hit tanks at a considerable distance, including equipment equipped with dynamic protection units. However, the Chrysanthemum, like any ATGM operating on the line of contact with enemy troops, retains a limitation on the range of a direct shot. This feature is characteristic of all anti-tank systems, and most manufacturers around the world have not yet decided to radically change the current state of affairs. What can not be said about the specialists of the Tula KBM, who developed an anti-tank weapon that is unique in almost all key indicators missile system"Hermes".
First tactical
The Tula "Hermes" is difficult to fit into the rather narrow framework and categories that modern anti-tank systems measure. According to its characteristics and modes of operation, this "anti-tank" can rather be attributed to tactical missile weapons than to means for combating armored vehicles and protected objects. The main difference between the Tula ATGM is the firing range - the complex is able to work on targets located at a distance of 90-100 kilometers. The main difficulty in firing anti-tank missiles at such ranges has always been target designation - it is difficult to determine the coordinates of a target that is at a considerable distance.
To determine the coordinates of the target and capture it, the developers included a special radar in the complex, and to obtain coordinates with an accuracy of up to a meter, Hermes can use data from a drone. After the search for the target and the setting for tracking have been successfully completed, almost the main highlight of the complex, the “smart” supersonic missile, “comes out” of the transport and launch container at supersonic speed. Almost all domestic anti-tank missiles of the previous generation attacked the target within sight in a straight line.

The Hermes ATGM missile differs from its predecessors in that it flies faster and, approaching the target, makes a “slide”, entering the target from above. Unlike portable domestic anti-tank systems, which are controlled by the operator, or land-based, operating with a range limitation, it is in the Hermes ATGM that the “fire and forget” principle is fully implemented. Among other things, the Hermes was made truly universal: the complex can be mounted both on a land chassis and on other types of carriers, including aviation and marine ones. The main secret of the complex is still the ability to work in the "high-precision anti-tank artillery”, when the missiles of the complex can hit not only stand-alone or moving targets, but also a tank group on the march or during parking. The developers themselves, and even more so the military, do not provide such information, but experts are unanimous in their assessments - such is the Tula “Hermes "quite within the power, which means that the term" anti-tank rocket artillery” in this case is quite applicable.
New anti-tank chapter

Experts note that it has every chance of becoming a new chapter in the development of unique technologies and tactics of anti-tank warfare. It should be noted that the moment for the development of a new self-propelled ATGM, significantly superior in capabilities to the Chrysanthemum known to all specialists, was chosen appropriate. Russian industry and design bureaus already have sufficient experience in the creation and production of modern missile weapons, the element base is constantly being improved, modern optics, reconnaissance equipment, and most importantly ... there is already a platform on which such a complex can be mounted. According to independent military expert Alexei Khlopotov, the principle of "fire and forget" in the context of the creation of advanced technology is not used by chance.

“This principle is implemented primarily in order to increase the survivability of the vehicle on the battlefield. That is, as soon as the rocket "left" the container, the car can be removed from its place. The crew does not need to wait for the defeat, highlight or otherwise sight the target. Smart ammunition will do everything by itself,” the expert noted. It is still not known for certain which of the developers will be involved in R & D on new "smart munitions", but the scale of the introduction of modern technology for electronic warfare and the suppression of high-precision weapons indicates that new missiles for the anti-tank complex will have to be able to hit targets in an extremely difficult combat situation.
Military expert, editor of the Arsenal of the Fatherland magazine, Alexei Leonkov, also expressed his assumptions regarding the ammunition of the promising ATGM. In an interview with the Zvezda TV channel, the expert shared his opinion that an important chapter in the work on the new complex could be an increase in the power of ammunition. “The dynamic protection systems are constantly being upgraded, and the complexes active protection can withstand fire. In this regard, the approach to finalizing or creating new anti-tank missiles capable of overcoming the protection of modern and promising armored vehicles seems to be quite justified, and, most likely, this particular direction will become one of the main ones in the course of work, ”he explained.

Another important area is the choice of the platform on which the promising self-propelled anti-tank systems will be placed. For Chrysanthemum-S, the developers chose the light chassis of the BMP-3, and the new self-propelled complex should turn out at least not worse. “The expediency of choosing one or another platform for placement, of course, will be determined by the customer. But such a complex can be placed almost anywhere. For these purposes, the Armata platform, the Kurganets, and even the Boomerang platform are suitable, ”said military expert Alexei Khlopotov. And although experts do not express a unanimous opinion as to whether it will be a heavily armored vehicle or light machinery, capable of fast forced marches, they converge on one thing - the technological level and experience in the development of such weapons already at this stage allow you to create a completely unique sample weapons. According to experts, already proven solutions and modern means of controlling the situation make it possible not only to build a vehicle to fight enemy tanks on the line of contact, but also to create a modern “rocket tank” capable of “knocking out” enemy equipment long before enemy tanks or infantry fighting vehicles will be within firing range and begin to pose a threat.
Analyzing the prospect of using such developments, experts explain that, most likely, specialists and developers will also have to resolve the issue of integrating such technology into automated system troop control. Experts are sure that if this issue is given worthy of attention, then, using external target designation, such a technique will be able to partially take on the responsibilities military air defense, and, if necessary, will work out missile weapons on enemy helicopters, while using from one launcher different types combat units.

9K123 "Chrysanthemum-S"

The composition of the complex:

Combat vehicle 9P157 (chassis 699-sb2 on units and assemblies of the BMP-3);


- control and verification machine 9V945 (for checking BM);
- control and verification machine 9V990 (for testing missiles);
- control and test equipment 9V946 (for testing missiles);

- simulator 9F852;

- training missile 9M123Maket;



- training target 9F734;

Russian complex 9K123 "Chrysanthemum-S" began to be developed in the mid-80s. The head developer of the complex was the Kolomna "Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering", led at that time, General Designer S.P. Invincible. The complex was first publicly displayed in July 1996.

All-Day, all-weather, multi-purpose missile system "Chrysanthemum-S" is designed to destroy modern and advanced tanks, including those with dynamic protection, low-tonnage surface and low-flying subsonic air targets, reinforced concrete defensive structures, as well as manpower located both in shelter, as well as in the open area.

Its distinguishing features are:

Possibility of firing day and night in any weather conditions;

Combined control system: in automatic mode using radar guidance in a millimeter-wave radio beam and in semi-automatic mode with missile guidance in a laser beam;

Simultaneous firing of two targets;

Short flight time and high rate of fire.

The launcher is located on the 9P157-2 combat vehicle, created on the basis of the BMP-3. This choice predetermined high mobility, excellent maneuverability and cross-country ability, the ability to overcome water obstacles immediately, without pre-training, good security and at the same time allowed to save air transportability complex.

One of characteristic features complex "Chrysanthemum-S" is that as the main means of detecting and tracking the target, a millimeter-wave radar station (100 - 150 GHz) was adopted, located next to the retractable launcher for two transport and launch containers (TPK), closer to left side.

In the stowed position, the radar is retracted inside the hull.

The radar provides detection, automatic target tracking, with simultaneous automatic control of the missile. This whole process is carried out without the participation of the operator.

The operator of the Chrysanthemum-S complex solves the problems of searching for and identifying enemy targets. After acquiring a target for auto tracking, its role is reduced to monitoring the launch process and evaluating its results. This, in turn, makes it possible to achieve a multi-channel action of the complex on the target in conditions of good visibility. After launching the first missile using a radio channel in automatic mode, the operator can move on to tracking another target by firing a second missile at it, guided by a laser beam in semi-automatic mode.

The choice of missiles from the ammunition rack, the transfer of the launcher from traveling to combat position and vice versa, loading and reloading are carried out by the operator using a special remote control, without leaving the workplace.

Radar station 1L32-1 manufactured by OAO Research Institute "Strela" (Tula)

Combat vehicle 9P157. Chassis 699-sb2 on units and assemblies of the BMP-3. The crew of the machine 9P157 consists of 2 people. The machine has a high cross-country ability and is able to operate in the conditions of the damaging factors of weapons. mass destruction. The ammunition load of the 9P157 combat vehicle is 15 anti-tank guided missiles 9M123 and 9M123F in an automated ammunition rack. The loading of the retractable launcher from the automated ammunition rack of combat vehicles with the choice of the type of missile is performed automatically. The loading of missiles into the ammunition rack is carried out using the loading mechanism or manually. On the retractable launcher of the combat vehicle there are two containers with missiles. The 9P157 combat vehicle is equipped with an optical laser guidance system (OLSU) and a radar control system (RLCS). The rate of fire of the combat vehicle is up to 4 missiles / minute. Missiles are launched from a place, sequentially. From one combat vehicle, it is possible to simultaneously target two missiles at two targets. Firing sector of the 9P157 combat vehicle: - in azimuth from minus 85 to plus 85 degrees; - in elevation from minus 5 to plus 15 degrees.

The aerodynamic scheme of the rocket is "normal". The rudders are placed perpendicular to the plane of the axes of the engine nozzles, and their drive is located in the tail section. The wings are placed in front of the nozzle block. AT transport position rectangular in plan and curved in an arc towards each other, the wings cover the body of the rocket and take up a flight position under the action of a spring mechanism after leaving the container.

The rocket is made according to the normal aerodynamic configuration.

In the tail section of the rocket, the instrumental part and the drive of the rocket rudders are located, which are located in front of the nozzle block and are placed perpendicular to the axis of the nozzles.

The missile control system includes a radio receiver and a photodetector located in the rocket hardware, which provides automatic guidance of the rocket in the radio beam or semi-automatic guidance of the rocket in the laser beam. The type of guidance system is set by the voltage on the contacts of the launcher.

Tactical specifications guided anti-tank missiles 9M123 and 9M123F Maximum range firing range - at least 5000 m. Minimum firing range - 400 m. Rocket flight speed - supersonic Warhead 9N146-1 for 9M123 - tandem cumulative (armor penetration 1000 ... 1100 mm behind the DZ). Warhead 9N146F for 9M123F - high-explosive (with ODS, TNT equivalent of at least 13.5 kg). The missile control system includes a radar receiver and a photoreceiving device OLSU located in the instrument compartment of the missile. Warhead caliber - 155 mm. The length of the rocket in the TPK is 2300 mm. The mass of the rocket in the TPK is no more than 62 kg. Altitude range combat use missiles 9M123 and 9M123F above sea level - up to 3,000 m.

The development of a tandem cumulative warhead was carried out by the Russian Federal Nuclear Center VNIIEF. As the specialists of this center assure, the ATGM of the Khrizantema-S complex among domestic analogues has the maximum armor penetration.

In addition to the 9P157-2 combat vehicles, the units of the Khrizantema-S complex include the commander’s combat vehicle (BMK), the 9V945 test vehicle, the 9V990 test vehicle and the 9F852 simulator.

BMK is designed for early detection and recognition of targets, determination of their coordinates, distribution of targets between combat vehicles indicating the coordinates of targets. Simultaneous operation of several combat vehicles on one or several nearby targets is possible.

The 9V945 control and verification machine, made on the basis of the ZIL-131 cross-country vehicle, is designed for Maintenance combat vehicle 9P157-2, and 9V990 based on the GAZ-66 - to test the missiles of the complex.

The 9F852 simulator includes various components and blocks of a combat vehicle, which make it possible to simulate the work of an operator using a PC in conditions as close as possible to combat ones. "Launches" are accompanied by visual and sound effects that correspond to real ones during combat firing, the sound of a rocket exiting the TPK, smoke noise from a rocket engine, and battle sound effects. At this time, a three-dimensional color image of targets, an aiming mark, rangefinder and goniometric scales, etc. are formed on the screen of the visual situation simulator. All this helps to maintain and improve the professional skills of the operator without spending expensive rockets.

It is assumed that three combat vehicles the Khrizantema-S complex can repel an attack by a company of tanks (14 units), while at least 60% of the targets will be destroyed. The high-explosive warhead missiles included in the ATGM ammunition package further expand the possibilities of its use.

The Khrizantema-S complex is by far the most powerful anti-tank land complex and can be considered as a highly effective means of combating armored targets in a difficult jamming environment. The ATGM of the Khrizantema-S complex will effectively deal with the latest tanks developed in the first decade XXI century. Missiles with increased launch range and increased power are already being developed.

Serial production of the 9K123 Khrizantema-S complex has been launched at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Saratov Aggregate Plant.

Video ATGM "Chrysanthemum-S" - ATGM "Chrysanthemum"

and another video - ATGM "Chrysanthemum"

MAIN TTX ATGM 9K123 "CHRYSANTHEM-S"

MULTI-PURPOSE MISSILE COMPLEX 9K123-1 "Chrysanthemum-S"

(modernization)

is designed to destroy modern and advanced tanks, including those equipped with dynamic protection, small-tonnage surface targets, low-flying air targets, defensive structures, manpower in shelters and on open areas day and night in simple and difficult weather conditions and in the presence of dust and smoke interference.

"Chrysanthemum-S" with TVP 1K118T, The combat vehicle of the 1P157-2 complex is equipped with a new multi-channel heat-television control device 1K118T developed by NPK "Photopribor" (Cherkassy).

Compound:

Fighting vehicle 9P157-2 (chassis 699-sb2 on units and assemblies of the BMP-3);
- combat vehicle of the platoon commander 9P157-3 (chassis 699-sb2 on units and assemblies of the BMP-3);
- 9P157-4 battery commander combat vehicle (BMP-3 chassis);
- guided anti-tank missile 9M123;
- guided anti-tank missile 9M123F;
- control and verification machine 9V945-1 (for checking BM);
- control and verification machine 9V990-1 (for testing missiles);
- a set of test equipment for ammunition bases 9V946-1;
- spare parts kits (single, group and repair);
- simulator 9F852.
- practical guided missile 9M123 Prakt;
- training missile 9M123Maket;
- training missile with active on-board equipment 9M123Uchebn.;
- split training missile 9M123 Razr.;
- split training missile 9M123F Razr.;
- training target 9F734;
- a set of educational and technical posters.

Combat vehicles 9P157-2, 9P157-3

The combat vehicles are based on the chassis of the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle. The crew of the machine 9P157-2 consists of 2 people. The crew of 9P157-3 vehicles consists of 3 people. The vehicles have high cross-country ability and are capable of operating in the conditions of damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction. The ammunition load of 9P157-2 and 9P157-3 combat vehicles is 15 anti-tank guided missiles 9M123 and 9M123F in an automated ammunition rack. The loading of the retractable launcher from the automated ammunition rack of combat vehicles with the choice of the type of missile is performed automatically. The loading of missiles into the ammunition rack is carried out using the loading mechanism or manually. On the retractable launcher of combat vehicles are two containers with missiles.

The rate of fire of combat vehicles is up to 4 missiles / minute. Missiles are launched from a place, sequentially. From one combat vehicle, it is possible to simultaneously target two missiles at two targets.

Firing sector of combat vehicles 9P157-2 and 9P157-3:

In azimuth from minus 85 to plus 85 degrees;

The elevation angle is from minus 5 to plus 15 degrees.

The 9P157-2 combat vehicle is designed to perform combat missions autonomously or as part of a subunit. The 9P157-3 platoon commander combat vehicle is designed to control a platoon of 9P157-2 combat vehicles and perform combat missions autonomously or as part of a subunit.

Combat vehicles 9P157-2 and 9P157-3 are equipped with a 1K118T thermal television control device and radar.

Fighting vehicle of the battery commander 9P157-4

The 1K118T control device is designed to search, detect and recognize ground targets in day and night conditions, including under adverse conditions, and to form a laser-beam field for guiding a guided missile to a target. Consists of television (TV) and thermal imaging(TPV) observation channels, laser-beam missile control channel. It is used in the fire control system of the Khrizantema-S anti-tank complex. Differences 1K118T from 1K118:

• the use of a television channel instead of a sighting one. This makes it possible to place the operator at a distance from the guidance device and excludes the possibility of damage to the operator's eyes by laser radiation.
• thermal imagingchannel for use at night and in conditions of obstructed visibility.
• measuring the range to the target using the “base on target” method electronically, which is 5 times more effective in terms of accuracy of visual determination of the range visually on rangefinder scales.

Photos and details in the material -Exhibition of weapons "Nizhny Tagil-2011" (REA-2011) - modernized tank T-90SM, BMP-1M and "Chrysanthemum-S", as well as 9P157-4 battery control vehicle for the 9K123 Khrizantema-S missile system, BMD-4M ( Bakhcha-U) - .

MODERNIZED COMPLEX "CHRYSANTHEMA-S"

After the events of 2014, Russian developers abandoned a number of Ukrainian components, TVP developed by NPK Fotopribor (Cherkassy) was replaced by the Belarusian 1K118P (OJSC Peleng). Replaced photodetectors on rockets. The Belarusian sight, in comparison with the Ukrainian one, has higher characteristics. Thus, the detection range of a tank-type target by a television channel, provided that it is visible with a probability of at least 0.8, is 6 km for the Cherkasy version and up to 7 km for the Minsk version. The Peleng product has a high maximum guidance speed.

Chrysanthemum-S with TTVP 1K118P (OAO Peleng).

. Now without Ukrainian components - 1K118T and a number of other components. They did it very quickly, apparently the Belarusians were preparing in advance (1K118P).

The control and indication panel of the modernized radar station 1L32-1 manufactured by OAO Research Institute Strela (Tula). Target acquisition and tracking.

View through the thermal television sighting system 1K118P (development "Peleng")

Russian designers never cease to amaze with their work. Thanks to their actions, piles of metal and wires begin to fly in any conditions, drive off-road, swim on and under water. At the same time, transport people with you, protect them from all types of influence, including radiation, fire live projectiles, finding a target in impossible conditions. And what sonorous names they are given, for example, "Hyacinth", but this is a weapon.

Chrysanthemum is one of the best of our time. Even without knowing its technical characteristics, any viewer will be delighted with its power.

ATGM "Chrysanthemum"

This complex was created to defeat any and also those that will be created in the near future, even if they are equipped with dynamic protection. It can destroy boats, small surface and air targets at subsonic speeds. Reinforced concrete fortifications can also be a target for Chrysanthemum.

This anti-tank complex differs from analogues by a high level of protection against information interference created by radio and IR emitters. This is necessary, since one of the targeting systems is based on the search for radio waves emanating from enemy equipment. Two missiles are simultaneously aimed at the target, which are launched at supersonic speed. Due to the use of modern technologies and a targeting system, shooting can be carried out in any weather conditions: in snow, rain, fog, thick smoke. That is, when the target is not visually visible.

History of creation

The Chrysanthemum installation has the ATGM nomenclature number 9K123. The complex was released in mass production at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Saratov Aggregate Plant". But there was a long way to go before that. The first impetus was the exercise "West-81", which took place on the territory of the Belarusian military district. The ground forces showed their combat skills and the effectiveness of their equipment. Two conditional opposing sides converged on the battlefield. After artillery preparation, the tanks went into action. A ready-made gun and anti-tank systems were waiting for them. But in the curtain of dust raised by artillery, they did not have time to respond in time.

Minister of Defense Soviet Union noticed this and turned to the designer Sergei Invincible, who worked in the Kolomna Design Bureau. He advised to think about how to make an anti-tank complex that would destroy tanks in the absence of visual contact.

The principle of finding goals

The Chrysanthemum-S modification has been released into the series, this complex sees everything. It has two systems that guide the missiles to the target. The optical-laser system works on visible targets or following the radar, which picks up the radiation of radio waves from equipment (it does this regardless of visibility and weather conditions). Two target search channels work together, which allows you to process two enemy units at once or work with two missiles one at a time.

ATGM "Chrysanthemum-S" has a retractable antenna column, which is responsible for scanning space and transmitting targets to the crew monitor. A capture is made, and the second rocket is simply sent to the same point. Based on the results of field tests, the complex can withstand five tanks at the same time, and three complexes stop up to 14 tanks, while 60% of them cannot be restored. The range of missiles is up to 8 km, and the supersonic flight speed allows you to get closer to the target very quickly.

rocket launcher

ATGM of this type is unique weapon. "Chrysanthemum" has no need for optical and Own operating in the range of 100-150 GHz, is used to detect and track the enemy in automatic mode.

The 9M123 class missile is designed according to the usual aerodynamic design. In the tail section there is a drive and aerodynamic rudders. The wings are installed in front of the nozzle block and are arranged like those of the Shturm missiles. The projectile itself has various modifications that are used depending on the type of target. After all, this modern military equipment can hit not only tanks and other vehicles, but also bunkers and enemy shelters. The 9M123-2 is equipped with an over-caliber additional warhead, which pierces dynamic armor and hits the main one, piercing up to 1100-1200 mm of armor. Another modification has a thermobaric warhead, which simply burns through thick steel.

"Chrysanthemum": description, specifications

A car, a thermal imager, a simulator - everything has its own technical characteristics, as well as weapons. "Chrysanthemum" was created on the basis of the BMP-3, which is immediately noticeable in appearance. Only now she carries not infantry, but a crew of two, the rest of the place is occupied by equipment and weapons. The ammunition load contains 15 thermobaric missiles or with an additional over-caliber warhead. They are stored in transport and launch containers. Each rocket weighs 46 kg, container - 8 kg. To the left of the containers is the radar antenna.

According to technical indicators, the anti-tank complex can not only knock out tanks, armored personnel carriers and enemy shelters, but also ships, planes and helicopters. The designers claim that this is the most powerful weapon in the world. "Chrysanthemum" proves this every time in the exercises.

The launcher uses two missiles at once, everything is charged automatically. The operator selects the type of rocket by means of buttons. Here is a technique in the amount of three pieces can repel the attack of a tank company. The launcher can also be placed on boats to sink ships.

"Chrysanthemum-S" has high cross-country ability, maneuverability, has means of individual and collective protection in case of poisoned or affected by radiation areas. Forces water barriers at a speed of 10 km/h, develops up to 70 km/h on the highway, up to 45 km/h off-road. The power reserve is 600 km.

Anti-tank complex

Modern military equipment in Russia is famous for its survivability, lack of analogues, combat range and superiority over potential opponents. The downside is that new models do not enter service so quickly, it is necessary that the old equipment work out its hours.

"Chrysanthemum-S" does not lag behind its comrades and is the most powerful land anti-tank complex in the world. The high combat range and unpretentiousness to weather conditions make it indispensable. Can participate in both defense and attack. The launcher can be moved to any heavy-duty base with a carrying capacity of more than 3 tons without any problems.

There is safety in numbers

Tests of equipment led to the conclusion that the complex should include the vehicles of the platoon commander and the battery commander. This allows you to effectively operate with the troops, plan operations, conduct reconnaissance in any weather, because the battery commander's vehicle is equipped with a viewfinder, a thermal imaging reconnaissance device, radar, communication systems, topography and a jammer. The vehicle has a machine gun and a crew of five.

Serial production and deliveries of self-propelled anti-tank missile systems of the 9K123 Khrizantema family continue. This technique is capable of carrying several types of guided missiles designed to hit a wide range of targets. In addition, the complex has a number of characteristic features that can significantly increase its combat potential. To date, the troops have already received a certain number of Chrysanthemum-S anti-tank systems, and the industry continues to build new combat vehicles.

The development of the Chrysanthemum project began in the mid-eighties. The main task of this project, which was created by specialists from the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (Kolomna) under the leadership of S.P. Invincible was the design of a self-propelled missile system capable of destroying various targets, primarily enemy armored vehicles. Soon, the main features of the appearance of the new technology were determined and the composition of the complex was formed.

As part of the new project, a number of products for various purposes were developed. The 9K123 ATGM includes a self-propelled combat vehicle with a launcher, several options for guided missiles, service vehicles, etc. A set of tools is also provided for training operators of anti-tank systems without the use of real military equipment and missiles with warheads. A significant part of the components of the Chrysanthemum complex is being built on the basis of existing equipment. In addition, there is high degree unification of some means facilitating their operation in the troops.

Combat vehicle 9P157. Photo Kbm.ru

The main element of the 9K123 Chrysanthemum complex is the 9P157 combat vehicle. The chassis of the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle, modified accordingly, was chosen as the basis for it. To perform new tasks, the base chassis lost a number of components and assemblies, instead receiving new instruments and devices. At the same time, the main design features, characteristics, etc. are preserved. The development of a new "specialty" did not affect the capabilities of the existing chassis in any way and did not lead to a change in the main characteristics.

The 9P157 vehicle has a combat weight of 19.4 tons and is equipped with a 500 hp UTD-29 diesel engine, which allows it to reach speeds of up to 70 km/h. The required mobility is also achieved with the existing undercarriage with individual torsion bar suspension of the track rollers. If necessary, the machine can cross water obstacles by swimming. The water jet propulsion accelerates it to speeds of the order of 10 km / h.

The chassis retains the armor of the base BMP-3, which allows the 9P157 to work at the forefront and protects the crew from a small enemy. Inside the front habitable compartment of the hull are the jobs of the driver and the commander-operator. Behind them is a fighting compartment with a launcher and systems for storing portable ammunition. The feed is reserved for the engine compartment.

Launch of a missile by a combat vehicle. Photo Rbase.new-factoria.ru

In the central part of the body there is an elevating launcher with mounts for two transport and launch containers with missiles. In the stowed position, the installation is lowered and retracted into the body. In addition, the launcher is recharged in the same way. The design of the launcher allows horizontal guidance within a sector 85° wide to the right and left of the longitudinal axis and vertical guidance from -5° to +15°. Also outside the hull is the boom of the lifting device, placed on the starboard side. To load the ammunition, the missile containers are placed one by one on the boom, after which, at the command of the crew, it independently loads them into an automated stowage.

The Khrizantema ATGM combat vehicle is equipped with a drum ammunition storage system that can accommodate 15 containers with missiles different types. Depending on the intended combat mission, the ammunition load of the vehicle can be made up of missiles for various purposes. During reloading, the drum magazine automatically finds a missile of the type specified by the operator and brings it to the launcher mounts. The drum design of the stack allows you to significantly speed up the process of searching for ammunition and reloading in comparison with other systems of a similar purpose.

The 9P157 vehicle carries a combined missile weapon control system, consisting of two separate components. Depending on the situation and the ability to detect targets, the crew can search for enemy equipment and objects using optical-laser or radar systems. The same equipment is also used to control the flight of missiles after firing. The presence of two separate guidance systems allows the 9K123 complex to simultaneously fire at two different targets. At the same time, tracking the target and developing commands for the rocket is assigned to the automation of the complex. The radar station antenna and optoelectronic unit are located on the roof of the hull.

Layout of the ammunition rack of a combat vehicle. Photo Rbase.new-factoria.ru

For use by the Chrysanthemum complex, four guided missiles of a similar design were developed - 9M123, 9M123-2, 9M123F and 9M123F-2. The first two products are equipped with a tandem HEAT warhead capable of penetrating up to 1000-1100 mm of homogeneous armor behind ERA. Rockets 9M123F and 9M123F-2 carry a volumetric detonating warhead equivalent to 13.5 kg of TNT. Missiles of all types have a maximum diameter of 155 mm and are placed in transport and launch containers 2.3 m long. Maximum weight TPK with a rocket - 62 kg. The missiles are capable of attacking targets at ranges of at least 400 m. A laser-guided product has a firing range of up to 5 km, with a radar-guided one - up to 6 km. In flight, rockets develop speeds up to 400 m/s.

The warheads of both missiles are placed in the head part of the large elongation hull. The central part of the body is given under the solid propellant engine. In the tail section there are 310 mm wingspan and rudders that are laid out in flight. Also, the tail of the hull is given over to the placement of control equipment that communicates with the control systems of the combat vehicle. The missile is controlled by radio or by laser beam. Modifications 9M123 and 9M123F use guidance using a laser beam, products with a deuce in the designation - a radar system.

As an additional weapon for self-defense, the crew of a combat vehicle can use one 7.62-mm PKT machine gun. This weapon is mounted in front of the hull at the left side and performs the functions of forward weapons. The machine gun is controlled from the crew workplaces. The ammunition load of the weapon is located within the protected body.

Model of the 9M123 rocket and its transport and launch container. Photo by Wikimedia Commons

The 9K123 Chrysanthemum anti-tank missile system includes several auxiliary equipment on self-propelled chassis. To carry out maintenance of the 9P157 combat vehicle, it is proposed to use the 9V945 control and calibration machine. Missile maintenance should be carried out by machine 9V990 and equipment 9V946. This technique is being built on the basis of existing wheeled automobile chassis operated by the troops.

In order to train the crews of the 9K123 complexes, a set of various tools was developed. The main element of the training systems is the simulator 9F852. In addition, a practical version of the 9M123 missile with an inert warhead has been developed. Several variants of models of guided missiles are produced in different configurations for various purposes. Finally, future operators should use a set of training posters with all the necessary information when training.

Combat vehicles of the Chrysanthemum complex are capable of performing combat work both independently and as part of units. The possibility of simultaneous firing of two missiles by one machine at different targets significantly increases the potential of anti-tank systems. Provides detection of various targets at ranges up to several kilometers with automatic tracking of the specified object. It is possible to fire at ground targets moving at different speeds. Also declared the possibility of attacking low-altitude low-speed air targets. The maximum speed of the attacked ground target reaches 60 km/h, air - 340 km/h.

Unified missile container. Photo Kbm.ru

Missiles are launched by a combat vehicle with a stop. If salvo fire is required, the launch of two missiles is carried out sequentially. After launching the rocket, the operator can reset the empty container and return the launcher to the inside of the armored hull for reloading. When two missiles are launched in succession, they are controlled through different channels, using a laser or a radar station. In this case, the corresponding units of equipment independently accompany their targets and develop commands for the missiles.

By the middle of the 2000s, KBM designers developed a project for the modernization of the self-propelled ATGM 9K123 "Chrysanthemum", which received the designation 9K123-1 "Chrysanthemum-S". As part of the new project, an updated version of the combat vehicle with improved performance was developed. In addition, it was proposed to use new elements of the complex that were absent in the basic version of the project.

The combat vehicle of the Khrizantema-S complex received the symbol 9P157-2. It is a modified version of the old 9P157 with a different set of special equipment. Frame, power point, chassis and other chassis elements remain unchanged. Also, the composition of the crew does not change. A retractable launcher has also been retained, which interacts with automated stacking based on a drum magazine. The main overall and weight parameters, as well as the mobility of the 9P157-2, correspond to the characteristics of the 9P157 machine of the 9K123 base complex.

The instrument compartment of a laser-guided missile. Photo Kbm.ru

The complex of on-board radio-electronic equipment has undergone noticeable changes. The basic principles of target detection and missile guidance using a laser and radar channel remained the same. At the same time, however, new elements of on-board equipment with improved characteristics were used. As a result of such modernization, the main features of the operation of the equipment do not change in comparison with the basic design. At the same time, an increase in some characteristics and parameters was obtained.

It should be noted that it was the modernization of the onboard equipment that led to the appearance of some visual differences that make it possible to distinguish between the Chrysanthemum and Chrysanthemum-S systems. The self-propelled ATGM of the updated model has a larger armored casing of the optoelectronic system in the front part of the roof, equipped with hinged doors. Other external differences two samples are insignificant.

The upgraded ATGM "Chrysanthemum-S" retains full compatibility with existing guided missiles of the 9M123 family of all versions. Thanks to this, the characteristics of hitting targets remain at the same level. With the help of a rocket with a cumulative warhead, a combat vehicle can hit armored vehicles with protection at the level of 1-1.1 m of armor, and a product with a volumetric detonating warhead inflicts damage equivalent to 13.5 kg of TNT.

Combat vehicles 9P157-2 of the Khrizantema-S complex. Photo Kbm.ru

It is alleged that the new 9P157-2 combat vehicles with existing missiles have high combat effectiveness and are capable of fully resisting relatively large enemy formations. Thus, it is mentioned that a platoon of Khrizantema-S complexes, consisting of three combat vehicles with an ammunition load of 15 missiles each, is able to successfully repel an attack by enemy forces in the form of a company of 14 tanks. At the same time, at least 60% of enemy vehicles will receive damage that will not allow them to continue their combat work.

On the basis of the 9P157-2 combat vehicle, several new models of special equipment were created, designed to coordinate the joint work of several self-propelled anti-tank systems. The 9P157-2 platoon should be controlled by the 9P157-3 platoon commander's vehicle. At the battery level, control is proposed to be performed using the 9P157-4 machine. This technique, like combat vehicles, is based on the BMP-3 chassis, but instead of weapons it carries a turret with machine guns and a set of detection tools. The task of command vehicles is to monitor the situation, issue target designation and perform general coordination of the joint work of several Khrizantema-S complexes. The crew of vehicles 9P157-3 and 9P157-4 consists of three and four people, respectively.

For the renovated complex was created a new version control and verification machine 9V990-1. A set of test equipment 9V981-1, designed to service missiles of the 9M123 family, is mounted in a special van body on an automobile chassis. Using a set of connectors and cables, the equipment of the 9V990-1 machine is connected to the missile, after which the operation of the systems of the latter is checked.

Battery commander's vehicle 9P157-4. Photo Kbm.ru

Checking and troubleshooting of all combat vehicles of the Khrizantema-S complex is proposed to be carried out using the 9V945-1 control and verification machine. This machine, based on a multi-axle truck chassis, is capable of studying the state of self-propelled missile systems and identifying problems with an accuracy of a single unit. If problems are found, the problematic unit can be replaced by the corresponding product from the spare parts kit transported by the inspection machine.

AT current form self-propelled anti-tank missile system 9K123-1 "Chrysanthemum-S" is produced on the basis of tracked armored chassis. Auxiliary facilities of the complex, in turn, are based on trucks. It was previously mentioned that this system can be installed on other media. For mounting all necessary funds a combat vehicle requires a chassis with a carrying capacity of at least 3 tons. In addition, the possibility of mounting the 9K123-1 system on boats with the appropriate parameters was considered. As far as is known, such ideas did not go beyond the stage of preliminary proposals.

Most of the work on promising anti-tank missile systems was carried out in difficult times for the country and the defense industry, which is why the 9K123 Chrysanthemum project was completed only by the beginning of the 2000s. Shortly thereafter, the complex, which passed all the necessary tests, was put into service and entered mass production. The assembly of serial combat vehicles and other means of the complex was mastered at the Saratov Aggregate Plant.

The 9V990-1 control and verification machine during operation with a guided missile. Photo Kbm.ru

In the same period, work was completed on the 9K123-1 system, which is more novel and has an advantage in some characteristics. The completion of the development of the new project made it possible to proceed with the next renewal of the fleet of vehicles using the Khrizantema-S systems. To date, according to various sources, the Russian armed forces have received up to several dozen such complexes, including combat vehicles, auxiliary equipment and training equipment.

According to reports, the Khrizantema-S complexes have already become the subjects of export contracts. So, in 2010, these systems and ammunition for them were ordered by Libya. Until 2013, the Russian industry handed over to the customer 14 9P157-2 combat vehicles and 650 9M123 missiles of various modifications. In 2014, another contract was signed for the supply of such equipment. Azerbaijan ordered 10 ATGMs 9K123-1. Information about other orders and deliveries is not yet available, which may be due to a temporary lack of interest from potential buyers.

As part of the Chrysanthemum project Design Bureau mechanical engineering, two variants of self-propelled anti-tank missile systems were developed, differing in some features and combat qualities. In addition, it is argued that the modernization potential of the system has not yet been exhausted, and this may lead to the emergence of new variants of the 9K123 complex, built using new combat vehicles, other test equipment and improved guided missiles. However, there is no information about the existence of a modernization project or the development of such plans yet.

The production of anti-tank missile systems 9K123-1 "Chrizantema-S" continues, new technology transmitted to various connections ground forces. Thanks to these supplies, the army receives modern facility combating enemy armored vehicles, capable of exerting a significant influence on the situation on the battlefield. Continued production of such equipment is important element the current program of rearmament and modernization of the military equipment fleet.

According to the websites:
http://kbm.ru/
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/
http://otvaga2004.ru/
https://defendingrussia.ru/
http://btvt.narod.ru/
https://rg.ru/
http://ria.ru/