Assignments on the topic of urban ecology. We play in nature and solve problems in plant ecology

Auto 21.05.2019

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Main environmental goals and environmental tasks are to create an information system that allows you to obtain truthful information about the state of the environment, changes in biotic and physical components under the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors.

Tasks solved during environmental monitoring

Let us find out the main directions related to these studies. Targets and goals :

obtaining primary information, its processing, systematization, analysis, creation of a database;
processing and providing information in the form of maps, graphs, tables;
modernization and improvement of methods for obtaining primary information;
assessment of the real state of the environment, as well as a forecast for the near future;
identifying the causes of probable and observed phenomena of such a state;
Efficiency in providing the required information to interested parties.

The goals and objectives of environmental monitoring noted above contribute to the adoption operational decisions in the field of natural resources. The forecast is necessary to develop solutions designed for a long time period.

Basis for organizing environmental monitoring

This activity is based on three main principles:

systematic;
complexity;
unification.

These parameters contribute to the construction of an environmental monitoring system, imply the use of certain constituent components:

selection of monitoring objects and characteristics to be checked;
creation of special observation points;
systematization of the obtained data, analysis and evaluation;
consideration of information and solutions obtained to find ways to eliminate problems in the environmental situation.

Structure of environmental monitoring

It is based on the main four blocks:

database;
analytical block;
information block;
control system.

An integral part of the environmental monitoring system is the environmental management system, because information about the real environment and trends of change is considered the basis for creating a special environmental policy, as well as for economic and economic planning. social development certain territories.

Policy in the field of environmental safety

For a long time, environmental goals and environmental objectives were based on the following provisions:

The effect of technogenic hazards on human body associated with exceeding the maximum permitted concentrations of radioactive and toxic substances in the environment (MAC);

A person is most sensitive to the negative impact of factors from the biosphere, and therefore he must be protected by the state.

Such an approach to environmental research involves the development of control measures, because for such a policy it is enough for technical control over the activities of health services and the organization of treatment systems at enterprises. Experience has shown the fallacy of such an approach; when using it, environmental goals and environmental problems are not solved. There are dangerous chemicals that, even in small quantities, can cause negative impact on the human body, disrupt metabolic processes. Hygienic norms of MPC often turn out to be overestimated in reality, they are detrimental to many living organisms: trees, conifers, lichens.

Comprehensive monitoring

What are the main goals and objectives of environmental expertise? There are special programs that involve comprehensive monitoring for a comprehensive assessment of various problems associated with environmental pollution. What does comprehensive monitoring include?

The study of global impacts on the earth's surface, for example, an analysis of the problem associated with the release of carbon dioxide and halocarbon compounds into the atmosphere.
A regional environmental problem that can negatively affect neighboring groups of countries. For example, due to the cross-border transfer of aggressive chemical substances air and waterways seas are polluted, tropical forests are degenerating.
Local problems relating to a fairly small area. In this case, the main environmental goals and environmental tasks are associated with determining the quality of drinking water, identifying the quantitative content of heavy metals in the soil, and analyzing the state of the soil layer.

Scale of the environmental monitoring system

Monitoring is carried out both in a small area and on a global scale (throughout the globe). Based on the data obtained, the general state of the biosphere is analyzed.

National monitoring

It means conducting a system of research on the territory of one country. The goals and objectives of this type of environmental review are to obtain information and assess the state of the environment in the interests of national security. With an increase in the level of pollution in some cities or industrial areas, local measures are taken to eliminate the identified problem.

Ecological education in educational institutions

Due to the urgency of the problems associated with pollution natural areas chemicals in the system modern education also given Special attention formation of the foundations of ecological culture among the younger generation. The guys, under the guidance of their mentor, are engaged in their own monitoring studies, solving certain problems related to the deterioration of the quality of drinking water. Targets and goals environmental project depend on what problem the student wants to study, consider, analyze. For example, it is possible to assess the quality of drinking water in different places of the same locality, find out the existing difficulties, propose their own ways to eliminate them. The goals and objectives are regulated by federal educational standards of the second generation, aimed at educating the younger generation of a tolerant attitude towards nature. Many preschool institutions choose ecology as the main direction of their activity. What are the main goals, objectives and environmental education in DOW? Kids get acquainted with the rules of behavior in the forest, study rare plants, learn to distinguish useful and poisonous flowers, mushrooms.

environmental law

Due to the fact that in recent times Unsanctioned emissions of harmful chemicals into the atmosphere by large industrial enterprises have become more frequent; issues of legal protection of nature from the harmful effects of man have become topical. The goals and objectives of environmental law are regulated by Russian legislation. It provides for liability for violations of the rules of environmental management, indicates all the measures that can be taken against violators. Large chemical industries pay special attention to the creation of high-quality treatment facilities that prevent penetration into the air and water resources toxic substances. What are the environmental goals and objectives of the enterprise that controls the activities of chemical plants? At certain times, samples of water, soil, air are taken, according to the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis conformity of samples to admissible standards is defined. If serious violations are detected, it is carried out. Its goals and objectives depend on the specifics of the organization, but they mainly concern verification of compliance with all security requirements. If the results obtained indicate the presence of serious problems, the issue of initiating a criminal case on the fact of violation of environmental legislation is decided.

Conclusion

Environmental monitoring is an essential integral part ensuring the safety of people living on our planet. That is why each state tries to find material resources for organizing research aimed at solving problems related to ecology. In order for the goals and objectives of environmental management to be consistent with the country's policy, there is such a direction as environmental policy. This branch of law involves certain regulations, which stipulate all the requirements for activities large companies and enterprises, as well as the measures of responsibility that will be taken against them in case of violation of regulatory enactments. In order for the younger generation to form an ecological culture, special training courses on ecology are introduced already at the stage of preschool and school education. In the classroom, children learn to take care of the environment, rationally use Natural resources. The new federal educational standards of the second generation imply the formation of a desire among schoolchildren to independently study the basics of nature management, conduct and monitor.

Ecological game-erudition for schoolchildren. Synopsis "We need each other!"

Legchilina Elena Viktorovna, teacher of biology and chemistry, SOGBOU "Ekimovichi Boarding School for Students with Disabilities".

Application:
This event will be useful for biology teachers when conducting a subject week at school or in extracurricular activities.

Target: expand and deepen the ecological knowledge of schoolchildren about nature.

Tasks:
- develop Creative skills children and the ability to cooperate with each other;
- foster a humane attitude towards all living things.

Preliminary preparation.

The game is proposed to be held in the form of a competition of four teams, the composition of which is determined a few days before the event.
Teams, preparing for the game, come up with a name for themselves, draw up emblems in accordance with the chosen name, issue an “examination paper” - a newspaper-appeal in defense of the animal or plant they have chosen, where they represent it, talk about its significance and benefits. Also, in advance, children prepare for a poetry competition, selecting and learning poems on the topic of extracurricular activities.
The composition of the jury is selected, which will evaluate the work of teams, as well as the quality of homework.
The office where the event will be held is designed accordingly: reproductions of paintings with landscapes, photographs of animals and plants are hung out. You can prepare an exhibition of books or an exhibition of children's drawings. It is desirable to prepare musical accompaniment.
It is also necessary to set tables for the playing teams and jury members to sit at, prepare seats for guests and spectators.

Event progress.

Leading. Good afternoon, Dear friends. Look around how beautiful and wonderful world we are surrounded by forests, fields, rivers, seas, oceans, mountains, sky, sun, animals… This is our nature! Our life is inseparable from it.
Us at any time of the year
Wise nature teaches:
Birds learn to sing.
Spider - patience.
Bees in the field and in the garden
They teach us how to work.
And besides, in their work
All in fairness.
Reflection in water
Teaches us truth.
Snow teaches us purity.
The sun teaches kindness:
Every day in winter and summer
Gives us warmth and light.
And no one in return
Don't ask for anything!
Nature all year round
Need to be trained.
Us trees of all kinds,
All the big forest people
They teach strong friendship.
V. Orlov

And how well do we know about the animals living next to us, the plants that delight us with their beauty? Today we are playing our game in order to get to know the world around us even closer.
I would like to introduce you to the participating teams. ( Team View ).
And our competent jury will evaluate your answers. ( Jury presentation ).
So let's start the game.

Competition "Homework".
Leading. Dear guys, dear jury. Now we will find out how the teams fulfilled their " homework»: does everyone have a team name, motto and emblem; how their environmental newspaper is done, and
evaluate the creative task of the participants ( Teams show their presentation, the jury evaluates their work ).

Leading. Our esteemed participants coped with the first competition remarkably. Let's move on to the next competition.

Competition "Living in legends".
Leading. I read the legend to each team in turn, and the participants must guess: what plant is well known to you in question. The team that gave the correct answer gets a point, and if the team did not cope with the task, then the opposing teams have the opportunity to take this point.

1. Her homeland is Persia. There is a poetic legend. One day in April, the goddess of flowers and youth, Flora, accompanied by the Sun and the goddess of the rainbow, Iris, descended to Earth. Having mixed all the colors and colors of the rainbow, they began to shower forests and meadows with them. Having reached the northern corners of the Earth, the goddess found that all the colors had been used up, only purple remained. Then Flora splashed purple paint on the bushes and grew luxurious ... ( Lilac )
2. There lived a husband and wife and they had two children. Eldest daughter- unloved, and the name was unkind - Eight. She was angry, envious. But the younger son, kind and friendly, was affectionately called Romanushka by his parents. Vosmukh disliked Romanushka and planned to destroy her. I somehow led him into a rotten swamp and drowned him. A curly and friendly tree grew in that place and has been growing since then throughout the Russian land. AT folk calendar there is a day dedicated to this plant. This tree is considered a symbol of happiness and peace in the family. It is a constant companion of girlish sorrows, they met and parted under it, they asked him for advice. What is it called? ( Rowan )
3. Latin name This flower "galactus" comes from the Greek "gala" - milk and "actus" - a flower, i.e. milky white flower. An ancient legend says: when Adam and Eve were expelled from paradise, there was heavy snow on the earth, and Eve was cold. Then, in order to warm her and somehow calm her down, several snowflakes turned into flowers. Therefore, this flower is a symbol of hope. What is this flower called? ( Snowdrop )
4. AT Ancient Greece this tree was dedicated to the god of the sun, science, arts - Apollo. The branch of this tree means power. A wreath of its branches was awarded for saving lives and military exploits. Many fairy tales, traditions, legends and superstitions are associated with this tree. The ancient Slavs believed that it existed even before the creation of the world. An old song says: “At a time when there was neither earth nor sky, only one blue sea - in the middle of this sea there were 2 trees, and 2 doves sat on them; the doves descended to the bottom of the sea, took out sand and stone, from which the earth, sky and heavenly bodies were created. Our ancestors considered this tree dedicated to the god of thunder and lightning - Perun, whose statue they carved from this tree, and it was called the "Perun Tree". What is it called? ( Oak )

Let's summarize.

Leading. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wrote:
Try to observe various signs:
Shepherd and farmer in infancy,
Looking up at the sky, at the western shadow,
They already know how to predict both the wind and the clear day,
And May rains, young fields of joy,
And early frosts, dangerous to grapes.

Competition "Weather Predictors".
Leading. Your task, dear participants, is to predict today weather for tomorrow.
The teams complete the task.

Questions for the first team:
If today:
1. Crimson dawns, ... ( windy weather tomorrow).
2. In the morning fog creeps over the water, ... ( the weather will be fine tomorrow).
3. Smoke in the winter over the huts "column" - ... ( to frost).
4. Dew on the grass in the morning - ... ( good weather without rain).
5. Frost on the trees -- ... ( to clear, frosty weather).

Questions for the second team:
If today:
1. In the evening, steam rises from the river, ... ( it will rain tomorrow).
2. There was frost at night, ... ( there will be no snow).
3. The stars twinkle strongly at night, and in the morning the clouds - ... ( expect a storm during the day).
4. The cat in the house is looking for a warm place -- ... ( to frost).
5. The dog rolls from side to side in the snow -- ... ( to the blizzard).

Questions for the third team:
If today:
1. The fish jumps out of the water -- ... ( to the rain).
2. In the evening, grasshoppers and leafhoppers chirp strongly - ... ( for good weather).
3. Maple "weeps" -- ... ( to the rain).
4. Fog in winter - ... ( to the thaw).
5. In winter, the moon is pale - ... ( to the blizzard).

If today:
1. There is no dew at night, and no fog is visible in the lowlands - ... ( to bad weather).
2. Cumulus clouds grow in height - ... ( to the rain).
3. In winter, in the evening, when there is no wind, the sky is covered with a layer of low stratus clouds -- ... (to clear weather).
4. The sun "sets" in a cloud - ... ( to the rain).
5. Swallows and swifts fly high above the ground - ... ( to clear weather).

Leading. Dear jury, we ask you to sum up the results for the competition "Weather Predictors".

Leading. We continue our competitive program.
Here, in old times, the bear walked through the forests.
It was such a wilderness
What to admire the skies
A deer ran out to the edges.
And we will look for disappeared animals in this wilderness.

Contest "Find Me"
Now each team will receive four couplets. In each of them you need to find the "hidden" animal in one minute.
1. Where there are notes, there are birds! -
That's what foxes think. ( raccoons)
2. Everything seemed to be on fire
I had such a dream. ( Elk)
3. There is no urine to endure all this more!
Hey master! Birds free! ( Chizh)
4. Goat brother sends greetings:
"Sister, I'm waiting for you for lunch!" ( Zebra)
5. The bug is a bug in Africa too! -
A sperm whale once told me. ( Pony)
6. Tsap frog mosquito!
So the game is over! ( Heron)
7. I washed my face with dew one morning ....
Got clean! Blush on cheeks! ( Jay)
8. How pleased me
Dear brother in broad daylight! ( Cobra)
9. Wet so that there is no strength!
How much water did it rain? ( Mole)
10. Ladies sew with needles
Very, very spiky. ( Mouse)
11. Rolling down the mountain, boy
He hurt his finger. ( stingray)
12. I bought a skein of excellent thread.
Now I sit and sew shoes. ( Cat)
13. I ate stale butter yesterday -
That's what makes my head hurt! ( Elephant)
14. Astra bloomed successfully in the garden.
How happy I was then. ( Ostrich)
15. Come on, hold the bank!
Stop! Where are you going? Wait! ( Boar)
16. The mower whined for a very long time:
Rock broke my scythe! ( Marmot)

Let's summarize.

Leading. Let's move on to our next competition.

Competition "Through the mouth of a baby, or Familiar strangers."
Leading. It is necessary to guess which plant is referred to below. If you guess right away - you get four points, use hints - the number of points decreases accordingly by as much as the hints are spent.

Questions for the first team:
1. It is always green or blue.
2. Stringed musical instruments are made from it.
3. In winter, birds build nests on it and hatch chicks.
4. It is shade tolerant. In such a forest it is always dark, damp and full of lichens. ( Spruce)

Questions for the second team:
1. Its leaves are green above and velvety and ribbed below.
2. It “takes away” negative energy, so it is useful for sick people to stand under it.
3. It populates the fires faster than anyone else.
4. Beavers love it and prepare it for the winter. ( Aspen)

Questions for the third team:
1. Its flowers produce the best honey.
2. Spoons and bast shoes were made from it.
3. Blooms in summer and is very fragrant.
4. A decoction of flowers is indispensable for colds. ( Linden)

Questions for the fourth team:
1. It releases phytoncides that kill pathogenic bacteria.
2. From it the best firewood.
3. In April, juice is obtained from it.
4. This is the most beloved Russian tree. ( Birch)

So, the jury can take stock.

Leading. We are approaching the final part of our ecological game.

Competition-quiz "Ecological kaleidoscope".

Leading. The task of each team is to score the maximum number of points per minute by answering the questions correctly.

Questions for the first team:
1. Wild striped horse? ( Zebra)
2. Which bird has scales instead of feathers on its wings? ( At the penguins)
3. Tail wagging, toothy, but not barking? ( Pike)
4. What is the fruit of a pumpkin or cucumber called? ( Berry)
5. Name "domestic" insects. ( bees, silkworm etc.)
6. Is the whale a fish or an animal? ( marine mammal)
7. From which country did Peter I bring potatoes to Russia? ( From Holland)
8. What bird comes to us from the north? ( Bullfinch)
9. Does the tree grow in winter? ( Not)
10. What kind of fish appearance looks like a chess piece? ( Skate)
11. What is more terrible for birds in winter: cold or hunger? ( Hunger)
12. Most large mammal? (Blue whale)
13. Does a chick breathe in an egg? ( Yes)
14. Which animal has a wild image? ( At the porcupine)
15. In the meadows, in the fields - sisters - white cilia? ( Daisies)
16. Home of the tomato? ( America)
17. How many legs does a fly have? ( Six)
18. Black leopard? ( puma)
19. Which vegetable resembles a space dish? ( Squash)
20. What is the name of the thorny desert plant? ( Cactus)

Questions for the second team:
1. The largest land animal? ( Elephant)
2. How many legs does a spider have? ( Eight)
3. "Queen" of flowers? ( Rose)
4. What wood are matches made from? ( Aspen)
5. Which neck has more vertebrae: a pig or a giraffe? ( Equally)
6. What does a hedgehog eat in winter? ( nothing, sleeping)
7. Fossil elephant? ( Mammoth)
8. Predatory freshwater fish? (Pike)
9. Eyes on the horns, and the house on the back? ( Snail)
10. Which animal sleeps upside down all winter? ( Bat)
11. Northern sled and hunting dog? ( Laika)
12. What is born in bread, but is not good for eating? ( cornflower)
13. "Short-tailed" cancer? ( Crab)
14. South American mammal, usually hanging upside down from branches? ( Sloth)
15. Balls hang on knots - turned blue from the heat? ( Plum)
16. Which flower's name comes from the word "star"? ( Aster)
17. Who is the first to plow the land? ( Worm)
18. Who was born with a beard? ( Goat.)
19. Who did the ugly duckling H.K. Andersen? ( Into the swan)
20. What herb can be recognized even by the blind? ( nettle)

Questions for the third team:
1. What bird is called a feathered cat? ( owl)
2. An elephant's trunk is his...? ( Nose)
3. The main food of hyenas? ( Carrion)
4. What is an onion leaf called? ( Feather)
5. Which coniferous tree falls off every year, changing its needles? ( Larch)
6. Trapping net spider? ( Web)
7. What grass do cats like? ( Valerian)
8. Which flower is wearing white fluff? ( Dandelion)
9. The smallest bird? ( hummingbird)
10. How is a hippopotamus different from a hippopotamus? ( Nothing, it's the same animal)
11. Is the hare oblique? ( Not)
12. Do lilacs bloom in spring or summer? ( spring)
13. Which bird lays the largest eggs? ( Ostrich)
14. What insects can eat a house without a trace? ( termites)
15. Green belt, lost in the grass? ( Lizard)
16. An animal that builds a house on the river? ( Beaver)
17. What animals get out of their skin? ( snakes)
18. Which legs of a giraffe are longer: front or back? ( Front)
19. The tallest grass? ( Bamboo)
20. What bird is named after the dance? ( tap dancing)

Questions for the fourth team:
1. What is the name of a beaver's home? ( hut)
2. Motley cracker catching frogs? ( Duck)
3. Which bird cries like a cat? ( Oriole)
4. On which tree did Krylov's Crow sit down, about to have breakfast? ( Spruce)
5. What wreath has been used since ancient rome to reward the winners? ( laurel)
6. Not a blacksmith, but with tongs? ( Crayfish)
7. "Savvy" insect? ( Flea)
8. What kind edible mushrooms appear first? ( Morels, lines)
9. What mushroom grows on the birches? ( Chaga)
10. What birds arrange dances in the swamps? ( Cranes)
11. The biggest monkey? ( Gorilla)
12. Dried apricot? ( Dried apricots)
13. Who wears the forest? ( Deer)
14. What plant is called the "root of life"? ( Ginseng)
15. sun flower? ( Sunflower)
16. Which bird has a baggy nose, crochet neck? ( At the pelican)
17. What bird walks all year round in a tailcoat? ( Penguin)
18. Not a beast, not a bird, but a nose like a knitting needle? ( Mosquito)
19. Butterfly from the wardrobe? ( mole)
20. "Hairy worm"? ( Caterpillar)

Leading. I invite the jury to sum up the results of the competition and announce the winning team. ( Summing up, rewarding teams).

Leading. This is the end of our event. Today, each of you has learned something new about the complex and diverse life of nature, and having learned, I hope you will learn careful attitude to all living things that surround us, to those whose life directly depends on a person, and, therefore, on us.
We live in the same family
We sing in one circle
Walk in one line
Fly in one flight...
Let's save
Chamomile in the meadow, water lily in the river
And cranberries in the swamp.
Kohl is destined to breathe
We are the same air
Let's all of us
Let's unite forever.
Let's save our souls
Then we're on the ground
And let's save ourselves...
(N. Starshinov ).

Hello everyone! Today I am sharing with you math problems for primary school on the environmental theme.

educating ecological culture, we help children to understand why it is necessary to act in nature in this way, and not in another way. For example, why it is impossible to make noise in the forest or in the park; pick flowers; to stand at the bird's nest for a long time, etc.

To do this, we offer in mathematics lessons entertaining tasks, showing how a person can help nature or, conversely, harm.

Here, on the page, I will show the tasks selectively, for general information, and all the material can be downloaded from the link below.

Tasks for increasing, decreasing by several times

One large enterprise emits 200 tons of soot into the atmosphere per year. After the installation of treatment facilities at this enterprise, the amount of soot emissions decreased by 20 times. How many tons of soot are emitted into the atmosphere after the installation of treatment facilities? What enterprises of our city pollute the atmosphere?
One a big tree releases as much oxygen per day as it is necessary for one person. In urban conditions, under the influence of gas pollution, the release of oxygen is reduced by 10 times. How many trees does it take to supply oxygen to a city of 250,000 people?
A car is capable of emitting about 20 kg of exhaust gases into the air per day. How much exhaust gases can 8 cars throw into the air in 10 days?
For the formation in nature of a layer of soil 5 cm thick, it takes, according to scientists, 2,000 years. How many years will it take to form a 12 cm layer of soil?
From 1 ton of rags, 600 m of fabric are obtained during processing. How many meters of fabric can be obtained from 25 tons of rags?

Some digital data that can be used in the preparation of tasks or mathematical dictation:

Length of rivers (in km):

Ural - 2 428 Lena - 4 400

Volga - 3 530 Dnepr - 2 200

Yenisei - 3 487 Don - 1 870

The distance from the Earth to the Moon is 384,000 km.

The length of the equator is 40,000 km.

The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 149,500,000 km.

On the life span of individual tree species :

spruce - up to 500 years old oak - up to 2000 years old

pine - up to 350 years linden - up to 500 years

birch - up to 150 years cedar - up to 850 years

mountain ash - up to 80 years elm - up to 400 years

ash - up to 100 years old aspen - up to 100 years old

About the height of individual tree species :

birch - up to 20 m linden - up to 35 m oak - up to 40 m

pine - up to 45 m spruce - up to 30-40 m cedar - up to 45 m

elm - up to 40 m pine - up to 36 m

About ecological role the woods :

a) 1 ha deciduous forest releases 2 kg of phytoncides per day; 1 ha coniferous forest- 5 kg; 1 hectare of juniper forest - 30 kg.

b) 1 ha of oak forest produces 830 kg of oxygen per year, birch - 725 kg, pine - 540 kg.

c) 1 hectare of coniferous forest filters out 30-35 tons of dust per year, deciduous forest - 50-70 tons of dust.

On the ecological role of birds and insects :

A family of great tits during the summer serves 40 apple trees, eating insects dangerous to the garden.

The woodpecker is a forest doctor. It rids trees of insects - bark beetles. One woodpecker eats up to 750-900 bark beetles per day. Foraging, he makes cuts in the trees. Having raised chicks, woodpeckers leave their hollows, and in spring they hollow out new ones. All hollows and hollows willingly use small birds for their nests and lodging for the night.

The cuckoo, which children often hear during excursions to the forest, eats on average up to 40 caterpillars, 5 larvae of the cockchafer, up to 50 larvae of click beetles and blackflies, etc.

The pied flycatcher is a very small bird, but it eats up to 300 flies and mosquitoes a day.

An owl eats 7-8 mice per night. One owl family destroys up to 10 thousand mice-voles per year, thus saving up to 20 tons of grain that mice could destroy.

Seven dot ladybug Eats up to 4,000 aphids in its lifetime. Red ants of one medium-sized anthill exterminate up to 3500-4500 different insects in one day.

Children draw up these numerical data in the form of tables and use them to create tasks.

Simple Tasks

Young naturalists have to plant 25 trees, and planted 18 trees. How many trees do they have left to plant?
There are 8 beds with onions in the garden, and 3 more beds with carrots. How many beds with carrots in the garden?
The height of a birch is 20 m, and of an oak - 30 m. How many meters lower is a birch than an oak?
Now hunting in our country is completely prohibited for 18 species of animals and 29 species of birds. How many species of animals and birds are prohibited from hunting?
5. There are 70 trees growing around the school. When the schoolchildren dug in part of the trees, they had to dig in another 30 trees. How many trees did the students dug in?

Composite tasks

40 kg of honey was collected from one hive, and 12 kg more from the other. How much honey was collected from two beehives?
There were 9 sparrows and 7 titmouse sitting on a tree. 6 birds flew away. How many birds are left on the tree?
The guys planted 70 trees in the park. Of these, 30 are lindens, 23 are birches, and the rest are maples. How many maples did the guys plant?
25 russula and 10 volnushki grew in the clearing. After the rain, another 20 mushrooms appeared. How many mushrooms are in the meadow?
On one hazel bush, 35 kg of nuts ripened, and on the other 32 kg. 15 kg collected squirrels for stocks for the winter. How many kilograms of nuts are left on two bushes?

Multi-digit numbers. Numbering.

Every year, 120,000 square meters of forests disappear on the planet. m.
More than 33,000 hectares of forest are cut down on the planet every day.
Every day, 5 million trees fall under saws in the jungles of the world.
Every hectare of wet rainforest releases 28 tons of oxygen annually.

Simple Problems with Multi-Digit Numbers

The chestnut purifies the city air from exhaust gases. In Moscow, 10 thousand chestnuts grow, and in Kyiv, 5 times more. How many chestnuts grow in Kyiv?
A caterpillar can eat 30 leaves per day. How many leaves can be eaten by 10 caterpillars, 100 caterpillars in the same time?
In 1984 there were 143 nature reserves in our country. Over the past 10 years, another 50 new reserves have been created. How many reserves have become in our country?
One hectare of forest emits 28 tons of oxygen annually, and 12 million hectares of forest are cut down every year. How many tons of oxygen does the Earth receive less per year?
Maple gives off 2 kg 100 g of oxygen per year, and elm is 7 times more than maple. How much oxygen does an elm give off per year?

Compound Problems with Multi-Digit Numbers

Birch absorbs 40 liters of moisture from the soil per day, and eucalyptus - 8 times more. How much moisture from the soil does birch and eucalyptus absorb per day together?
Every year, 11 million tons of berries, 5 million tons of nuts, 330 thousand tons of mushrooms are harvested in our country. How many natural gifts are collected in our country?
The faucet is leaking in the apartment. In 6 minutes, a full glass of water runs up. How much water flows out of a faulty faucet in 1 hour if there are 5 glasses of water in 1 liter? How much water flows out in a day?
A praying mantis (an insect similar to a grasshopper) eats 42 aphids per month, 3 times less fruit flies than aphids, and 6 times more houseflies than fruit flies. How many insects does a praying mantis eat in 1 month? What about 3 summer months?

The guys like it very much joke tasks . We give them at the end of the lesson to activate the attention of students.

Seven sparrows descended on the beds,

They jump and peck at something without looking back.

The cunning cat suddenly crept up,

Instantly grabbed one and sped away.

That's how dangerous it is to peck without looking back!

How many are left in the garden now?

Man is inseparable from nature. He learns from nature. A person who understands nature will not do a bad deed. He is purer and nobler than the others. But to cultivate love for nature with the words: "Do not touch!", "Do not tear!", "Step back!" - it is impossible. We need a different approach. In my work I try to do everything necessary so that nature is an open book for children, and they skillfully use it.

I believe that obtaining environmental knowledge contributes to the expansion of horizons, the formation of an understanding of nature, its features, brings up inquisitive, inquisitive people who understand that a person is also a part of nature and that human health depends on nature. Therefore, I have been working on the introduction of environmental knowledge in every lesson for a long time.

I offer mathematical problems on an ecological topic (when compiling problems containing information of an ecological nature, all numerical data are taken from reference books, encyclopedias).

Simple problems with multi-digit numbers.

1. Chestnut purifies city air from exhaust gases. In Moscow, 10 thousand chestnuts grow, and in Kyiv, 5 times more. How many chestnuts grow in Kyiv?

2. A caterpillar can eat 30 leaves per day. How many leaves can be eaten by 10 caterpillars, 100 caterpillars in the same time?

3. An oak grove emits 830 kg of oxygen per year, and the same pine grove - 540 kg. How much more oxygen does an oak grove give off than a pine grove?

4. One elm per season (from May to September) assimilates from the air 120 g of sulfur dioxide, the most common and toxic pollutant of nature. Elm lives 400 years. How much sulfur dioxide does an elm destroy in its lifetime?

5. On average, up to 300,000 ants live in an anthill, and 600,000 termites live in a termite mound. How many times more termites live in their dwellings than ants?

6. Linden lives 500 years, and oak 2000 years. How many times less does a linden live than an oak? How many years less does a linden live than an oak?

7. Maple releases 2 kg 100 g of oxygen per year, and elm is 7 times more than maple. How much oxygen does an elm give off per year?

8. One hectare of forest emits 28 tons of oxygen annually, and 12 million hectares of forest are cut down every year. How many tons of oxygen does the Earth receive less per year?

9. Each inhabitant of the Earth spends per year the amount of paper that is obtained from three coniferous trees. How many coniferous trees per year does your family need?

Composite tasks.

1. 40 kg of honey was collected from one hive, and 12 kg more from the other. How much honey was collected from two beehives?

2. Juniper per day releases 30 kg of aromatic substances (phytoncides) that kill bacteria, and birch - 2 kg. How many times more phytoncides per day does juniper produce than birch?

3. An oak grove releases 2 kg of phytoncides per day. Pine grove - 3 kg more than oak, and juniper thickets 6 times more than pine grove. How many phytoncides does a juniper grove emit per day?

4. The height of the cedar is 45 m, and the birch is 20 m lower than the cedar, and the oak is 13 m higher than the birch. What is the height of the oak?

5. A small coniferous forest filters out 35 tons of dust per year, and the same deciduous forest - 70 tons. How many times less dust does a coniferous forest filter out per year than a deciduous one? What trees are best planted in the city?

6. The height of the juniper is 10 m, and the height of the pine is 40 m. How many times is the juniper lower than the pine?

7. It takes approximately 100 years for a 1 cm thick layer of soil to naturally regenerate. Due to the growth of ravines, 10 cm of soil was washed away from the field during the flood. How many years will it take to restore this layer?

8. The funnel swallow develops a speed of 45 km / h, and the killer whale - 28 km / h. How much faster is the funnel than killer whales?

9. 1 kg of rose hips contains 20 g of vitamin C. How much vitamin C is in 30 kg of rose hips?

10. A sheep gives 10 kg of wool per year. How many such sheep do you need to get 70 kg of wool? How much wool does a flock of 150 such sheep produce per year?

11. 15 kg of oil is squeezed out of 60 kg of cotton seeds. How many times more cotton is taken than oil is obtained?

12. A cedar cone with seeds ripens for 27 months. How many years and months is that?

13. The daily norm of vitamin C contains 4 g of fresh rose hips or 30 g of black currant. How many grams more do you need to eat blackcurrant than rose hips to get your daily vitamin C requirement?

14. Cumulus clouds form at an altitude of 10 km, and Spindrift clouds- 2 km higher. At what height do cirrus clouds form?

15. The mass of one small penguin is 2 kg, and a large one is 43 kg more. What is the mass of a large penguin?

Numerical data that I use when compiling problems.

1.On the lifespan of individual tree species:

spruce - up to 500 years old oak - up to 2000 years old

pine - up to 350 years linden - up to 500 years

birch - up to 150 years cedar - up to 850 years

mountain ash - up to 80 years elm - up to 400 years

ash - up to 80 years aspen - up to 100 children

2. About the height of individual tree species:

birch - up to 20 m linden - up to 35 m

oak - up to 40 m pine - up to 45 m

elm - up to 40 m pine - up to 36 m

3.On the ecological role of the forest:

a) 1 ha of deciduous forest emits 2 kg of phytoncides per day; 1 ha of coniferous forest - 5 kg; 1 hectare of juniper forest - 30 kg.

b) 1 ha of oak forest produces 830 kg of oxygen per year, birch - 725 kg, pine - 540 kg.

c) 1 ha of coniferous forest filters out 30-35 tons of dust per year, deciduous forest - 50-70 tons of dust.

4. On the ecological role of birds and insects:

1. A family of great tits serves 40 apple trees over the summer, eating insects that are dangerous for the garden.

2. A cuckoo eats on average up to 40 caterpillars, 5 Maybug larvae, up to 50 click beetle and black fly larvae, etc. per day.

3. An owl eats 7-8 mice per night. One owl family destroys up to 10 thousand field mice per year, thus saving up to 20 tons of grain that mice could destroy.

4. A seven-spotted ladybug eats up to 4,000 aphids in her life.

5. The pied flycatcher is a very small bird, but it eats 300 flies and mosquitoes a day.

6. Red ants of one medium-sized anthill exterminate up to 3500-4000 different insects in one day.

7. A swallow can fly 3000 km in 5 days. How many kilometers can it fly in a day. if the speed of its flight is always the same?

8. Swallow - the killer whale flies at a speed of 28 km / h, and the swift - 4 times faster. How fast does a swift fly?

Numerical data that can be used during the period of studying the numbering of multi-digit numbers.

Length of rivers (in km):

Ural - 2428 Lena - 4400

Volga - 3530 Dnepr - 2 200

Yenisei - 3487 Don - 1 870

Distance from the Earth to the Moon - 384,000 km

Equator length - 40,000 km

The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 149,500,000 km.

By cultivating an ecological culture, we help children to realize. why it is necessary to act in nature in this way, and not in another way. For example, why is it impossible to make noise in the forest, pick flowers, stand at a bird's nest for a long time, etc. The kids love environmental challenges. They begin to understand how a person can help nature or, conversely, harm.

O.A. Lyakh, primary school teacher, MBOU secondary school No. 8

other presentations on the topic "Questions and tasks on the ecology of the city (urboecology)"

"Manual on ecology" - Based on the material studied, we can conclude the practical value of the electronic manual. The second half of the 20th century was a period of transition to information societies. The object of this work is the technology for the preparation and implementation of electronic study guide. Relevance. The manual can be used in full or in part on selected topics.

"Fundamentals of Ecology" - Carps were launched into the reservoir. Components of the biocenosis. Tasks for self-control. Fundamentals of ecology. Infusoria-shoes were placed in a closed test tube. Scheme of action environmental factor. Basic concepts. Assignments to the topic "Dependence of organisms on environmental factors." A population is a collection of individuals of the same species.

"Development of ecology" - The study of the adaptations of plants and animals to life in harsh conditions. Ecological classifications. Medium capacity (K). Basic theoretical generalizations of biocenology. author of the term "ecology". Fundamentals of ecology. Quantitative estimates. Pliny the Elder (c. 23–79 AD). Carl Bergman, 1847. Time. Allen's rule.

"Communities" - The relationship of living organisms with environment can be studied most fully in nature. Great importance ecology as a science has only recently begun to be truly understood. Animal ecology. The community has the ability to self-maintain its natural properties. One of the divisions of ecology focuses on the study of man.

"General ecology" - Condition and functioning ecological system. A collection of individuals of the same species. anthropocentric approach. Main tasks modern ecology. In the structure of the biosphere, Vernadsky singled out seven types of matter. Biogeocenosis. Lecture questions. Biocenosis unites only living organisms. General ecology is based on theoretical ecology.

"History of the development of ecology" - The history of the development of ecology. Prepared the capital work "Description of Russian-Asian animals." Of particular interest are the works of Linnaeus "The Economy of Nature" and "The Social Organization of Nature". The term ecology is derived from two Greek words (oikos - house, dwelling, homeland, and logos - science), literally meaning "science of habitat".