Interesting reserves. Reserves and national parks of Russia: domestic wonders of nature

Published: 04.11.2017 Category: Author's essay

Reserve - a fragment of the territory (or water area) of a country, which is the subject of its conservation measures. The area "ordered" by the authorities cannot be a place for the construction of residential or industrial buildings, as well as other infrastructure facilities, except for research, excursion and, in rare cases, agricultural. The state reserves of Russia (GZ) are huge in size and scattered throughout all its regions, being the subject of national pride.

The largest reserves in Russia

In our country, there are GCs with an area of ​​more than 10,000 square kilometers. In fact, many of them could fit at least 5 large metropolitan areas! Almost all the largest nature reserves in Russia are geographically fragments of Siberia. They consist of hard-to-pass territories. It is very cold here.

Great Arctic Reserve

It has a size of 41,692.22 square kilometers. Established in 1993. Within its limits are continental cordons (the channel of the Lower Taimyr, the Middendorf Bay, the Chelyuskin Peninsula). There are isolated areas: Dixon-Sibiryakovsky, Karsky, Pyasinsky (islands), the Nordsheld archipelago. The local landscape is stone moraines, covered with ice and snow on top. This is the coldest protected zone in the country. Local vegetation - mosses, small flowers and mushrooms. Relic fauna - lemmings, wolverines, arctic foxes, ermines and other furs. Large representatives of the mammal world are white and brown bears.

Commander Reserve

It is equal to 36,486.79 square kilometers and occupies the islands of the same name (the largest of them are Bering, Ariy Kamen, Toporkov and Medny). Created in 1993. The main attraction is the extensive nesting sites of rare marine fauna, including the Commander Arctic fox and Canada Goose. Of the plants, the sea mullet and several varieties of slippers are listed in the Red Book. From the water bowls - Saranoye Lake (Bering Island). On the same spot is the only settlement of the Commanders - the village of Nikolskoye, next to it - a polar airfield.

Wrangel Island

The area of ​​the eastern piece of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (separated from the mainland) is 22,256.5 hectares. It was declared a protected land in 1976. Its main feature is the low mountains of the Arctic tundra (they occupy 2/3 of its entire territory). Among this rugged terrain, there are 2 varieties of rare flowers, as well as areas of white goose and comb eider, which do not give offspring anywhere else in the world. The same land is called the most prolific nature reserve in Russia - there is a high growth of polar bears. After all, in fact, this is the main "maternity hospital" of voracious giants.

Putoransky reserve

"Putorana land" covers 18,872.51 square kilometers with its borders. It appeared in the register of federal state protection laws as early as 1988 - on the Putorana Plateau (west of the Central Siberian Plateau, in the vicinity of Khantai Lake). Landscape - mountain-lake-taiga, relict vegetation - "classic" trees of the taiga and arctic forest-tundra. Putorana is the habitat of the largest population of wild reindeer. There is also a bighorn sheep (also listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation).

Taimyr Reserve

Far North Krasnoyarsk Territory, namely the Taimyr Peninsula, has a protected land of 17,819.28 square kilometers. She received her status in 1979. It consists of 4 clusters. Reservoirs - the Taimyr River and Lake Taimyr. Reproducible flora - 222 species of mosses and 265 types of lichens, local fauna - musk ox.

Ust-Lensky Nature Reserve

The GZ at the mouth of the Lena boasts an area of ​​14,330 square kilometers. This biospheric "sanctuary" received its boundaries in 1985. The conversation is about most of the Bulunsky region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which contains the entire Lena delta. The climate here is marine polar, the landscape is exclusively water and tundra. Of the inhabitants of the Red Book, only three plants are found, anseriform and gull sandpipers, a small swan and a pink gull. The village closest to the cordons is the village. Tiksi.

Kronotsky Reserve

The largest nature reserves in Russia are also located in the Far East. For example, Kronotsky ("year of birth" - 1934) occupies the tip of the Kamchatka Territory. Its space is 11,476.19 square kilometers. And these are three sites on the peninsula - Kronotsky, Koryaksky and South Kamchatsky. Large water areas are lakes Kurilskoye, Kambalnoye and Kronotskoye, as well as the rivers Levaya Shchepina, Stanichnaya, Kronotskaya, Tyushevka, Anna, Kambalnaya. Of the protected plants, Elman's birch and elfin (cedar and alder) are found. Populations of brown bear and wild reindeer acclimatize here.

The most famous reserves in Russia

The status of "The largest reserves in Russia" does not yet mean that they are the most famous. Other protected areas fall into this category - those that amaze with their beauty or uniqueness, as well as transport accessibility or convenience.

Barguzinsky Reserve

In the first place is the north-eastern coast of Lake Baikal, which has been protected since 1916 - the "pearl of Buryatia" with a size of 374,322 hectares. It is not worth reminding that the guest will find here the cleanest and deepest fresh water in the world, as well as dozens of species of conifers and deciduous forests. One has only to pay attention to our favorite local tracts - the neighborhood of the villages of Davsha and Ust-Barguzin. From here, "tent campers" raft along the picturesque rivers.

Ussuri Nature Reserve

It occupies the second position in the list of "Most famous nature reserves Russia ”Only the deaf have not heard about the tiger of the same name in our days. Personally, President Putin controls the protection of this variety of cats. Maybe, Ussurian tiger will appear even on one of the Russian banknotes! The place of residence of the toothy handsome man is the territory of the Ussuriysk urban district and the Shkotovsky district of Primorsky Krai, protected since 1934. And this reserve has an unforgettably beautiful nature - the southern spurs of the Przhevalsky mountains covered with various forests, the Komarovka River, the tributaries of the Artemovka - all this impresses tourists from the center.

Altai Reserve

The oldest reserve in Russia

One of the repositories of endemic flora and fauna has the title of "the oldest reserve in Russia." This is the Barguzinsky reserve (included in the register of the most visited). The fact is that on December 29, 1916, the Provisional Government of Russia decided to protect its nature from the encroachments of poachers and miners. Despite the difficult domestic political situation and the troubles on the eve of the New Year, the then leadership found the time and energy to pass the relevant law. It is worth saying that restrictive measures regarding the extermination of some animals also took place in the tsarist era. In 1912, a decree "On restrictive measures in hunting sable" was issued.

The youngest reserve in Russia

With the chronologically first protected recreation in Russia, everything is clear, but what kind of SP, on the contrary, is the youngest reserve in Russia? Its name is the Kologrivsky forest, and its location is the northeast of the Kostroma region. The decision on its status was made by the government relatively recently - in 2006. Almost 58,940 hectares of thickets of taiga (dark coniferous) forests lie near the village of Kologriv - along the Vetluga and Unzha rivers. The purpose of this zone is to preserve the specified plant mass.

The most popular nature reserve in Russia

The most popular nature reserve in Russia is determined by only one parameter - attendance statistics for last years(regardless of its beauty or amenities). It turned out to be the Kivach nature reserve. The waterfall and the coniferous forest surrounding it in the Republic of Karelia (almost 11,000 hectares in the vicinity of the village of the same name on the Suna River) attract thousands of people. By the way, the channel of the Suna is full of other picturesque tracts. The number of excursions to this location "went off scale" beyond the usual "norms". And it should be noted that the entire Karelian region has become a "tourist Mecca" over the past 4 years.

The wettest reserve in Russia

There is such a thing as "the wettest reserve in Russia" - this Caucasian Reserve, or rather, its borderland with the Sochi National Park located to the south. It is here that the place with the highest indicator of humidity and a record amount of precipitation in our country is located. Even without taking into account evaporation and runoff, the gorges surrounding the Achishkho mountain range (which are precisely the dividing lines of the state reserve and the national park) receive almost 3,300 millimeters per year! There is a threat of floods and even avalanches. It's hard to breathe in the heat here. The nearest landmarks are Khmelevsky lakes (Krasnaya Polyana). On Achishkho itself, the hotel "Mountain Olympia" is arranged. Elderly people often lost consciousness here. This state of affairs is explained by too abrupt a change climatic zones(above is the alpine climate zone, and below is the zone of humid subtropics).

The most fertile nature reserve in Russia

Belogorye is the most fertile nature reserve in Russia. Why is that? The local plains (2,131 hectares from the historical regions of the Yamskaya Steppe, Otrasyevy Yars, Bald Mountains and Walls of Izgorye) have an arable layer over 60 centimeters thick. The depth of the fertile stratum directly depends on the depth of the cultural (archaeological) layer. And it is extremely high here - dozens of nationalities lived in this area - numerous Neolithic agrarian tribes, the people of the Srubna culture, Scythians, Alans, Northern Slavs, the population of Turkic states, Mongol-Tatars, Russians. Recreation has been protected since 1999 - nowadays it consists of sections of Borisovsky, Novooskolsky and Gubkinsky districts of the Belgorod region (one of the 5 "main granaries").

The highest nature reserve in Russia

Kabardino-Balkarsky is the highest nature reserve in Russia. No wonder its full name already contains the word "alpine". Its most heavenly "floors" are the peaks of Dykhtau (5204) and Koshtanau (5152). “So Elbrus is still higher!” you say. Yes. But Elbrus is part of the Prielbrusye Natural Park, which is not a protected area (which is clearly visible thanks to hundreds of hotels, shopping centers and sports facilities). The Kabardino-Balkarian Nature Reserve is spread over an area of ​​82,642 hectares. In his tracts lives such rare beast like a jackal, a Caucasian snowcock (it has not been seen here for a long time) and a local variety of a funny animal - a forest raccoon.

The northernmost nature reserve in Russia

The reader will be interested to know that the Great Arctic is the most northern reserve Russia. It lies on the borders of the Arctic Circle. Although the Russian Federation also has “more arctic” peninsulas and islands, they do not represent recreational value.

The southernmost reserve in Russia

Dagestansky is the southernmost nature reserve in Russia. In 1987, it was decided to turn into a protected area several heterogeneous biosphere complexes on the border of the Tarumovsky and Buynaksky regions of the republic (the total size of this "variegated" reserve is 19,061 hectares). This is a wintering place for rare migratory birds, including flamingos (they love the local tiny lakes). The Sarykum tract (the largest sand dune in Eurasia near Makhachkala) was also attached here. In addition to the desert, there are multi-colored semi-deserts and bald hills (Kizlyar Bay).

The most western nature reserve in Russia

Deepest into Europe "enters" the Kaliningrad region of Russia. However, it only has natural parks, not reserves. But in second place, as you know, the Pskov region. And on his land there is a GZ. It turns out that Polistovsky is the westernmost nature reserve in Russia. Administratively, it is part of the Bezhanitsky and Loknyansky districts of the region. This refers to the interfluve of the rivers Polist, Khlavitsa and Tsevla, as well as Lake Polisto, which appears in ancient Russian birch bark. The landscape is flooded, marshy. Of the trees there are hazel, oak, maple, linden, rare species pines. The grass is heather. The purpose of this "repository" is to protect the relict lakes of Europe.

The easternmost nature reserve in Russia – Wrangel Island. Further lies the dead part of Chukotka. On the same meridian (only to the south) - already the islands of the USA!

The smallest nature reserve in Russia

After the annexation of the Republic of Crimea to Russia, this place replaced Galichya Gora with the "positions" of the smallest reserve in the country. Talk about that very ledge of the Crimean land, where part of the village of Nikita is located, namely, the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and the coast that separates it from the sea. Its area is only 240 hectares, the longest path (taking into account the rugged terrain) is 800 meters. The reserve was created in 1973 by the authorities of the Ukrainian SSR. Its purpose is to preserve a piece of landscape with the ruins of Ruskafil-Kale.

The most unusual nature reserve in Russia

Which of our reserves has received the title of "The most unusual reserve in Russia"? Most tourists, local historians and scientists agreed that this is the Ubsunurovskaya hollow. We are talking about the Russian part of the Russian-Mongolian transboundary object - the lowlands between the Altai mountains and Lake Ubsu-Nur (the reservoir itself already belongs to the MPR). The protected area of ​​the tract is 898,064 hectares. However, in this area of ​​the Republic of Tyva, you can observe all the landscapes of the temperate zone of the Earth: steppe, forest-steppe, wooded foothills, rocky mountains (covered with shrubs), water meadows and semi-desert.

Reserves of Russia. Full list

So, you now know that our vast country has impressive undeveloped lands, which are called state natural reserves of Russia. They preserve the recreational potential of Eurasia in particular and the entire planet as a whole. This is a heavily protected treasure trove of untouched nature, divided into 110 sections. About each of them on our resource there will be a separate review. Well, below we list all Russian CAs registered on this moment.

No. p.p.	Name	Location	Area, sq. km.
1		Krasnoyarsk region	41 692,2
2		Kamchatka Krai	36 486,8
3		Chukotka	22 256,5
4	Putoransky reserve	Krasnoyarsk region	18 872,5
5		Krasnoyarsk region	17 819,3
6		The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	14 330,0
7		Kamchatka Krai	11 476,2
8		Krasnoyarsk region	9 720,2
9		Tyva Republic	9 251,4
10		Magadan Region	8 838,2
11		Altai Republic	8 812,4
12		Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	8 781,7
13		Khabarovsk region	8 599,6
14		The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	8 471,0
15		Komi Republic	7 213,2
16		Irkutsk region	6 599,2
17		Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra	6 486,6
18		Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	6 313,1
19		Irkutsk region	5 858,4
20		Kemerovo region	4 129,0
21		Primorsky Krai	4 014,3
22		Krasnoyarsk region	3 903,7
23		The Republic of Buryatia	3 743,2
24		Khabarovsk region	3 584,0
25		Kamchatka Krai	3 271,6
26		Nenets Autonomous District	3 134,0
27		Tyva Republic	3 003,9
28		Krasnoyarsk region	2 965,6
29		Republic of Adygea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Krasnodar region	2 800,0
30		Murmansk region	2 784,4
31		The Republic of Khakassia	2 675,7
32		Khabarovsk region	2 673,8
33		Republic of Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk region	2 528,0
34		Perm region	2 412,0
35		The Republic of Buryatia	2 380,9
36		Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra	2 255,6
37		Amur region	2 111,7
38		Zabaykalsky Krai	2 109,9
39		The Republic of Buryatia	1 657,2
40		Altai Republic	1 500,8
41		Republic of Kalmykia	1 219,0
42		Primorsky Krai	1 209,9
43		Vologodskaya Oblast, Yaroslavl region	1 126,3
44		Khabarovsk region	1 036,0
45		Amur region	994,3
46		Amur region	970,7
47	Bastak	Jewish Autonomous Region	917,7
48	Teberdinsky Reserve	Karachay-Cherkess Republic	850,6
49	Kabardino-Balkar Alpine Reserve	Kabardino-Balkarian Republic	826,4
50	Denezhkin Stone	Sverdlovsk region	781,9
51	Kandalaksha Reserve	Republic of Karelia, Murmansk region	705,3
52		Astrakhan region	679,2
53	Kuril Reserve	Sakhalin region	653,7
54	Komsomolsky Reserve	Khabarovsk region	644,1
55	Far Eastern Marine Reserve	Primorsky Krai	643,2
56	Kologrivsky forest	Kostroma region	589,4
57	Poronaysky Reserve	Sakhalin region	566,9
58	Oksky Reserve	Ryazan Oblast	557,3
59	Pinezhsky Reserve	Arhangelsk region	518,9
60	Bashkir Reserve	Republic of Bashkortostan	496,1
61	Kostomuksha Reserve	Republic of Karelia	475,7
62	pillars	Krasnoyarsk region	471,5
63	Kerzhensky Reserve	Nizhny Novgorod Region	467,9
64	Daursky Reserve	Zabaykalsky Krai	457,9
65	Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve	Khabarovsk region	454,7
66	Crimean Reserve	Republic of Crimea	441,8
67	Nizhnesvirsky Reserve	Leningrad region	416,2
68	Tigirek Reserve	Altai region	406,9
69	Ussuri Nature Reserve	Primorsky Krai	404,3
70	Khankai Reserve	Primorsky Krai	392,9
71	Polistovsky Reserve	Pskov region	379,8
72	Basegi	Perm region	379,4
73	Rdeisky Reserve	Novgorod region	369,2
74	Visimsky Reserve	Sverdlovsk region	335,0
75	Mordovian Reserve	The Republic of Mordovia	321,5
76		Voronezh region, Lipetsk region	310,5
77		Chelyabinsk region	303,8
78	North Ossetian Reserve	Republic North Ossetia- Alanya	295,4
79	Central Forest Reserve	Tver region	244,5
80	Nurgush	Kirov region	234,5
81	Zhiguli Nature Reserve	Samara Region	231,6
82	Shulgan-Tash	Republic of Bashkortostan	225,3
83	Orenburg Reserve	Orenburg region	216,5
84	Big Kokshaga	Mari El Republic	214,1
85	Dagestan Reserve	The Republic of Dagestan	190,6
86	Kaluga notches	Kaluga region	185,3
87	Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky Nature Reserve	Astrakhan region	184,8
88	Kedrovaya Pad	Primorsky Krai	179,0
89	Pasvik	Murmansk region	166,4
90	East Ural Reserve	Chelyabinsk region	166,2
91	Khopersky Reserve	Voronezh region	161,8
92	Yalta mountain forest reserve	Republic of Crimea	145,2
93	bryansk forest	Bryansk region	121,9
94	Kivach	Republic of Karelia	108,8
95	Voroninsky Reserve	Tambov Region	103,2
96	Volzhsko-Kama Reserve	Republic of Tatarstan	100,9
97	Utrish	Krasnodar region	100,1
98	Rostov Reserve	Rostov region	95,3
99	Prisursky Reserve	Chuvash Republic	91,5
100	Volga forest-steppe	Penza region, Ulyanovsk region	83,7
101	Shaitan-Tau	Orenburg region	67,3
102	Erzi	The Republic of Ingushetia	59,7
103	Central Black Earth Reserve	Kursk region	52,9
104	Galichya Mountain	Lipetsk region	49,6
105	Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve	Moscow region	49,5
106	Karadag Reserve	Republic of Crimea	28,6
107	Belogorye	Belgorod region	21,3
108	Opuk Nature Reserve	Republic of Crimea	15,9
109	Kazantip Reserve	Republic of Crimea	4,5
110	Cape Martyan	Republic of Crimea	2,4

17

Residents of our country can visit the deserts, tropics, mountains, steppes, forests, without even leaving the borders of the Motherland.

Our land is rich in great wonders of nature, in our country there are a huge number of unique natural reserves that may be very close to you.

1. Barguzinsky Reserve

Everyone knows that in Russia there is the deepest lake in the world, the sacred “lake-sea”, as it is called. locals, Baikal. But very few people know that not only the lake is unique, but also the reserved nature around.

And it is around Lake Baikal that a beautiful "Barguzinsky Reserve", a variety of taiga inhabitants roam its paths, more than three hundred species of inhabitants live in these beautiful coniferous and deciduous forests.

Where the wild rosemary blooms, where impassable snowdrifts and mighty snow-capped peaks of the Baikal mountain ranges.

Most of the territory of the reserve covers the southern side of the coast of the great lake, where the mysterious mountain range passes. Khamar-Daban, so attracting tourists from all over the world.

In these forests, 25 species of plants listed in the Red Book grow, valuable species of fish, lenok, burbot, taimen, black grayling, not to mention the famous Baikal omul, are found in the rivers.

Barguzinsky Nature Reserve and Baikal are not just amazing natural corners, these are places of power, everyone who has visited these places knows how the state of mind of a person changes for the better.

People who have passed the forest paths find peace of mind, inspiration, joy.

The reserve is open to everyone, everyone can go on a trip along the taiga trails with a backpack on their back and return from the taiga a completely different person

On Baikal you can see a rare animal that does not live anywhere else in the world, the Baikal seal.

In the taiga, you can meet a bear, wolverine, ferrets, hares, red deer, not to mention the fur king of the taiga forests, the Baikal sable.

2 . Kuznetsk Alatau

Kuznetsk Alatau, unique reserve on South Central Siberia thanks to its special ecosystem. In the valley, surrounded on all sides by high mountains, virgin coniferous forests, cedars, pines, dwarfs, crystal mountain rivers feed deep mountain lakes, in which the sky and mountains are reflected as if in mirrors.

Today, unfortunately, the reserve suffers from a large number of tourists, the developed hotel infrastructure spoils the mountain landscapes, causing harm to the environment. After all, this place is very popular among tourists due to its location and incredible natural beauty.

Many tourists walk along well-worn paths and through the pass. Karatashsky to the Golden Valley.

And although there are untrodden paths in the valley, places where you will not meet people, but only forest dwellers, roe deer and bears, it is still unrealistic to get lost, there are hotels in the upper reaches of each river.

Lake Haratas a favorite place where tourists come, this is not surprising, there are many mountain waterfalls around the lake, and trout is found in the lake.

3. Altai Reserve

The entire territory of the Altai Reserve is included in UNESCO, “Golden Mountains of Altai” it is called in this list of world natural heritage.

The Altai Nature Reserve is one of the largest in Russia.

On all sides, the reserve is surrounded by mountains, and in the south is the famous teletskoye lake.

Surprisingly, there is not a single motor road in the entire territory of the reserve. The reserve is rich in forests and lakes, of which there are more than 1190 in the reserve.

Many go to the reserve in order to conquer the peak, Mount Belukha, which can no longer be climbed without special equipment. Belukha height is 4506 meters above sea level.

Other mountains in the reserve are not considered very high, the average height is 2000m. above sea level, anyone can conquer these mountains, climbing the passes you can see stunning views, and if you are very lucky, you can meet the owner of the mountains, snow leopard listed in the Red Book.

The Altai Reserve is beautiful because there are no luxury hotels in it, only modest havens for adventure lovers and beautiful nature in all its glory.

On the shore of Lake Teletskoye there is a village where you can rent a small, cozy house from 300 rubles per person per day.

4. Pillars

"Pillars", this is not just a nature reserve, it is a unique geological phenomenon of nature, spread over the territory of Siberia and the eastern part of the mountain range "Sayans". The peculiarity of the reserve in Stobla is the so-called syenite remnants, which attract tourists with their amazing shape.

Far from all the “pillars” are open to tourists, in the depths of the reserve there are places where lovers of beauty cannot go, in order to preserve the unique a natural phenomenon from the detrimental impact of humans on the ecosystem.

These unusual rocks have given rise to such a phenomenon among tourists as "columnism", there are people who love to climb the “pillars”, they are called “pillars”. Most of all “pillars” are in the city of Krasnoyarsk, because the reserve adjoins Krasnoyarsk in its northeastern part. So it's a common thing for Krasnoyarsk residents to get out of the city on the weekends, climb the "pillars".

They do it without insurance, with special professionalism and passion.

Most of the forests are occupied by fir trees.

The reserve even has a wonderful ski resort, just where the reserve adjoins Krasnoyarsk.

5. Kronotsky Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve, one of the oldest protected natural wonders of Russia. It is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, adjacent to Pacific Ocean. Here is the world-famous active volcano, restless Kronotskaya Sopka, waterfalls, hot lakes and the famous Valley of Geysers.

Valley of Geysers, part of the Seven Wonders of Russia.

We are very lucky that such a natural miracle exists in our country, because nowhere else on the mainland of Eurasia is there a single valley of geysers. A similar natural phenomenon can only be found in Iceland, and in terms of area it is much smaller than our valley of geysers.

The ecosystem in the valley is extremely fragile and very vulnerable to external influences.

There are many different prohibitions on the territory of the reserve, it is also impossible to make fires, but despite all the prohibitions and the significant remoteness of this miracle, the flow of tourists does not decrease at all over the years, but rather steadily increases.

They tried to completely close access to the valley of geysers in 2007, but this never happened and the valley of geysers is open to everyone.

In the valley of geysers, not only unforgettable views, but also the largest population of brown bears in the country.

6. Caucasian reserve

The Caucasian reserve, these are almost continuous mountains.

It is also included in UNESCO, and is located in the southern and northern slopes of the Western Caucasus.

There are practically no tourists in the reserve, thanks to this nature is practically untouched and rich in Bison and Tours.

Sochi is located not far from the reserve.

On the territory of the reserve there are such famous peaks as, Kazbek and Elbrus, by the way, Elbrus is considered the most high point Europe.

And even for the most experienced climber, conquering Elbrus is not an easy task.

Lake Kezenoyam, attracts tourists, it is unique in the color of the water, in sunny weather it takes on an unnaturally blue color, and is also the deepest lake in the North Caucasus. Lives in the lake eisenam trout, this fish is found nowhere else in the world. On the shore of the lake there is a very not bad hotel complex.

7. Great Arctic Reserve

Arctic deserts and snow-covered tundra, this is the Great Arctic Reserve.

It is located, of course, in the north of Russia, adjacent to the northern Arctic, most of the year the entire territory of the reserve is covered with snow.

This is the largest nature reserve on our continent, but also the largest area inhabited by polar bears.

The peculiarity of this reserve is that mining is carried out on its territory, in particular oil.

The reserve borders the Arctic Ocean.

8. Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve

This unique reserve is rich in the largest cedar taiga in terms of area. The reserve is rich in cedar, valleys and mountains, which even reach a height of 3000m above sea level.

More than a hundred species of endangered animals are found in the cedar forests.

And the largest population of snow leopards in the world has found its refuge in this reserve.

Unfortunately, the reservoir, opened in 1975, caused irreparable damage to the local ecosystem, destroying a huge number of species in the flooded area.

And even after many years, many species of animals could not adapt to the changed conditions and simply left these places or died. There are also many tourists in this reserve, but what pleases, there are practically no hotels.

9. Vasyugan swamps

Between the rivers Ob and Irtysh, there are endless swamps, Vasyugan swamps. Well, at least here nature is resting from tourists. This is one of the largest swamps in the world.

Of course, in the middle of the swamps there are dry islands, which are inhabited by a huge variety of rare birds and animals. But if you get there and decide to make a fire, then a huge fine awaits you.

But the greatest threat to the reserve comes not from tourists, but from those who are looking for profit, because the swamps are rich in various animals, oil, peat, natural gas.

At the moment, industrial developments are not carried out in the area of ​​the reserve, but for many years it has haunted those who dream of earning millions.

Nearby spaceport "Baikonur" causes enormous damage to the ecosystem of the reserve for many years, because the spent fuel gets into fresh water swamps.

10. Far Eastern Marine Reserve

Some parts of the reserve are completely closed to tourists, but what is not prohibited is enough for everyone to visit this unique place.

In the reserve you can only admire nature, no fishing, hunting, campfires. Warm sea ​​waters rich in sharks, snakes, and many other marine life.

In the north of the reserve there is a hotel that does not shine with frills, but will allow tired travelers to have a good rest.

Only ten reserves, but this is not all the wonders of our vast country. This is only the smallest part.

Jan 21, 2017 Galinka

Residents of our country can visit the deserts, tropics, mountains, steppes, forests, without even leaving the borders of the Motherland.

Our land is rich in great wonders of nature, in our country there are a huge number of unique natural reserves that may be very close to you.

1. Barguzinsky Reserve

Everyone knows that in Russia there is the deepest lake in the world, the sacred "lake-sea", as the locals call it,. But very few people know that not only the lake is unique, but also the reserved nature around.

And it is around Lake Baikal that a beautiful "Barguzinsky Reserve", a variety of taiga inhabitants roam its paths, more than three hundred species of inhabitants live in these beautiful coniferous and deciduous forests.

Where are the impassable snowdrifts and the mighty snow-capped peaks of the Baikal mountain ranges.

Most of the territory of the reserve covers the southern side of the coast of the great lake, where the mysterious mountain range passes. Khamar-Daban, so attracting tourists from all over the world.

In these forests, 25 species of plants listed in the Red Book grow, valuable species of fish, lenok, burbot, taimen, black grayling, not to mention the famous Baikal omul, are found in the rivers.

The Barguzinsky Reserve and Baikal are not just delightful natural corners, they are places of power, everyone who has visited these places knows how a person's state of mind changes for the better.

People who have passed the forest paths find peace of mind, inspiration, joy.

The reserve is open to everyone, everyone can go on a trip along the taiga trails with a backpack on their back and return from the taiga a completely different person

On Baikal you can see a rare animal that does not live anywhere else in the world, the Baikal seal.

In the taiga, you can meet a bear, wolverine, ferrets, hares, red deer, not to mention the fur king of the taiga forests, the Baikal sable.

2 . Kuznetsk Alatau

Kuznetsk Alatau, a unique nature reserve in the south Central Siberia thanks to its special ecosystem. In the valley, surrounded on all sides by high mountains, virgin coniferous forests, cedars, pines, dwarfs grow, crystal mountain rivers feed deep mountain lakes, in which the sky and mountains are reflected as if in mirrors.

Today, unfortunately, the reserve suffers from a large number of tourists, the developed hotel infrastructure spoils the mountain landscapes, causing harm to the environment. After all, this place is very popular among tourists due to its location and incredible natural beauty.

Many tourists walk along well-worn paths and through the pass. Karatashsky to the Golden Valley.

And although there are untrodden paths in the valley, places where you will not meet people, but only forest dwellers, roe deer and bears, it is still unrealistic to get lost, there are hotels in the upper reaches of each river.

A favorite place where tourists come, this is not surprising, there are many mountain waterfalls around the lake, and trout is found in the lake.

3. Altai Reserve

The entire territory of the Altai Reserve is included in UNESCO, "Golden Mountains of Altai" is called it in this list of world natural heritage.

The Altai Nature Reserve is one of the largest in Russia.

The reserve is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and the famous one is located in the south.

Surprisingly, there is not a single motor road in the entire territory of the reserve. The reserve is rich in forests and lakes, of which there are more than 1190 in the reserve.

Many go to the reserve in order to conquer the peak, Mount Belukha, which can no longer be climbed without special equipment. Belukha height is 4506 meters above sea level.

Other mountains in the reserve are not considered very high, the average height is 2000m. above sea level, anyone can conquer these mountains, climbing the passes you can see stunning views, and if you are very lucky, you can also meet the owner of the mountains, the snow leopard, listed in the Red Book.

The Altai Reserve is beautiful because there are no luxury hotels in it, only modest havens for adventure lovers and beautiful nature in all its glory.

On the shore of Lake Teletskoye there is a village where you can rent a small, cozy house from 300 rubles per person per day.

4. Pillars

"Pillars", this is not just a nature reserve, it is a unique geological phenomenon of nature, spread over the territory of Siberia and the eastern part of the mountain range "Sayans". The peculiarity of the reserve in "Stoblah" is the so-called syenite remnants, which attract tourists with their amazing shape.

Not all "pillars" are open to tourists, in the depths of the reserve there are places where lovers of beauty cannot get in order to preserve a unique natural phenomenon from the harmful influence of man on the ecosystem.

These unusual rocks have given rise to such a phenomenon among tourists as "columnism", there are people who love to climb the "pillars", they are called "pillars". Most of all "pillars" are in the city of Krasnoyarsk, because the reserve adjoins Krasnoyarsk in its northeastern part. So it's a common thing for Krasnoyarsk residents to get out of the city on the weekends, climb the "pillars".

They do it without insurance, with special professionalism and passion.

Most of the forests are occupied by fir trees.

The reserve even has a wonderful ski resort, just where the reserve adjoins Krasnoyarsk.

5. Kronotsky Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve, one of the oldest protected natural wonders of Russia. It is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. Here is the world-famous active volcano, restless Kronotskaya Sopka, waterfalls, hot lakes and the famous Valley of Geysers.

Valley of Geysers, part of the Seven Wonders of Russia.

We are very lucky that such a natural miracle exists in our country, because nowhere else on the mainland of Eurasia is there a single valley of geysers. A similar natural phenomenon can only be found in Iceland, and in terms of area it is much smaller than our valley of geysers.

The ecosystem in the valley is extremely fragile and very vulnerable to external influences.

There are many different prohibitions on the territory of the reserve, it is also impossible to make fires, but despite all the prohibitions and the significant remoteness of this miracle, the flow of tourists does not decrease at all over the years, but rather steadily increases.

They tried to completely close access to the valley of geysers in 2007, but this never happened and the valley of geysers is open to everyone.

In the valley of geysers, not only unforgettable views, but also the largest population of brown bears in the country.

6. Caucasian reserve

The Caucasian reserve, these are almost continuous mountains.

It is also included in UNESCO, and is located in the southern and northern slopes of the Western Caucasus.

There are practically no tourists in the reserve, thanks to this nature is practically untouched and rich in Bison and Tours.

Sochi is located not far from the reserve.

On the territory of the reserve there are such famous peaks as, Kazbek and Elbrus By the way, Elbrus is considered the highest point in Europe.

And even for the most experienced climber, conquering Elbrus is not an easy task.

Lake Kezenoyam, attracts tourists, it is unique in the color of the water, in sunny weather it takes on an unnaturally blue color, and is also the deepest lake in the North Caucasus. Lives in the lake eisenam trout, this fish is found nowhere else in the world. On the shore of the lake there is a very not bad hotel complex.

7. Great Arctic Reserve

Arctic deserts and snow-covered tundra, this is the Great Arctic Reserve.

It is located, of course, in the north of Russia, adjacent to the northern Arctic, most of the year the entire territory of the reserve is covered with snow.

This is the largest nature reserve on our continent, but also the largest area inhabited by polar bears.

The peculiarity of this reserve is that mining is carried out on its territory, in particular oil.

The reserve borders the Arctic Ocean.

8. Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve

This unique reserve is rich in the largest cedar taiga in terms of area. The reserve is rich in cedar, valleys and mountains, which even reach a height of 3000m above sea level.

More than a hundred species of endangered animals are found in the cedar forests.

And the largest population of snow leopards in the world has found its refuge in this reserve.

Unfortunately, the reservoir, opened in 1975, caused irreparable damage to the local ecosystem, destroying a huge number of species in the flooded area.

And even after many years, many species of animals could not adapt to the changed conditions and simply left these places or died. There are also many tourists in this reserve, but what pleases, there are practically no hotels.

9. Vasyugan swamps

Between the rivers Ob and Irtysh, there are endless swamps, Vasyugan swamps. Well, at least here nature is resting from tourists. This is one of the largest swamps in the world.

Of course, in the middle of the swamps there are dry islands, which are inhabited by a huge variety of rare birds and animals. But if you get there and decide to make a fire, then a huge fine awaits you.

But the greatest threat to the reserve comes not from tourists, but from those who are looking for profit, because the swamps are rich in various animals, oil, peat, natural gas.

At the moment, industrial developments are not carried out in the area of ​​the reserve, but for many years it has haunted those who dream of earning millions.

Nearby spaceport "Baikonur" causes enormous damage to the ecosystem of the reserve for many years, because the spent fuel gets into the fresh waters of the swamps.

10. Far Eastern Marine Reserve

Some parts of the reserve are completely closed to tourists, but what is not prohibited is enough for everyone to visit this unique place.

In the reserve you can only admire nature, no fishing, hunting, campfires. Warm sea waters are rich in sharks, snakes, and many other marine life.

In the north of the reserve there is a hotel that does not shine with frills, but will allow tired travelers to have a good rest.

Only ten reserves, but this is not all the wonders of our vast country. This is only the smallest part.

Protected areas in Russia have existed since ancient times. Even primitive people noticed how quickly the hunting grounds were getting poorer and depleted. The first "measures" for the protection of nature were of a religious nature. There were "holy places", "reserved forests", "forbidden places".

Various animals were endowed with supernatural, mysterious features: bears, beavers and many others. That is why, for a long time, the most beautiful parts of nature, individual animals and plants fell under special protection.

State natural reserves, including biospheric - areas of the territory, completely withdrawn from their usual economic use where people stop all their intervention in natural processes in order to compare the latter with the developed lands. Reserves are considered as research institutions that perform scientific protective and cultural and educational functions.

They are used as a background reserve-reference object in the study of biospheric processes. There are about 90 nature reserves in Russia, including 16 biosphere reserves.

Natural National parks - vast territories where regulated tourism and recreation of people are provided, environmental knowledge is promoted. In national parks there are also zones of economic use.

natural parks- territories of special aesthetic and ecological value, with a relatively mild protection regime and used mainly for organized recreation of the population.

Reserves - territories created for a fixed period (in some cases permanently) for the preservation or restoration natural complexes or their components.

Monuments of nature- unique, irreproducible natural objects having scientific, ecological, cultural and aesthetic value (caves, ancient trees, rocks, waterfalls, etc.). Any activity that violates their safety is prohibited in these territories.

Dendrological parks and botanical gardens— environmental institutions whose task is to create collections of trees and shrubs in order to preserve biological diversity and enrich flora, as well as for scientific, educational, cultural and educational purposes. Work is also underway on the introduction and acclimatization of new plants for this region.

Natural reserves of Russia

In Russia, at the beginning of 2006, there were 101 state natural reserves with a total area of ​​about 340,000 km2. Reserves are located in all natural areas ah - from the Arctic deserts on Wrangel Island to the subtropics (Caucasian Reserve) in 70 subjects of the Russian Federation. The largest of them is the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve (the area is 4 million 169.2 hectares; it is the largest in Eurasia), and the smallest is Galichya Gora in the Lipetsk Region (231 hectares; it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the smallest in the world). Until 1916, only local hunting reserves and private reserves existed in our country. Barguzinsky is considered the first official state reserve in Russia. It was established by a decree of the Irkutsk Governor-General in 1916, and in 1917 its creation was formalized by a government decree. However, according to some sources, it is believed that the Sayansky Reserve was opened somewhat earlier than the Barguzinsky Reserve, although at that time it was not officially registered. The youngest reserve today is the Kologrivsky Forest, created in 2006.

Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve

Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve located on the western slopes Northern Urals in the taiga zone. The reserve was established in 1930 to preserve the unique flora and fauna of the Cis-Urals. About 40 species of mammals live here: elk, reindeer, wolf, wolverine, beaver, sable, marten; 200 kinds of birds. Valuable species of fish are found in the rivers - salmon, whitefish, grayling, taimen. In 1984, the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve was given the status of a biosphere reserve.

Kronotsky Reserve

Kronotsky state reserve was established in 1934 to restore the number of Kamchatka sable. Since 1967 it has existed as a biosphere reserve and includes unique objects Kamchatka nature: the Valley of Geysers, the Uzon caldera, Kronotskoye Lake, nine active volcanoes, a graceful fir grove. Thus, the territory of the reserve covers the main landscapes of Kamchatka - the ocean coast, tundra, taiga, mountains, volcanoes.

Here you can find geysers, thermal springs, different in temperature and mineral composition; hydrothermal springs with temperatures above +100 °C; warm and cold carbonic mineral springs. Their occurrence is associated with earthquakes and. There are about 160 volcanoes in Kamchatka, 29 of them are active.

Cedar Pad

Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad" was formed in 1916 on the coast of the Amur Bay to protect natural resources Ussuri taiga. Korean cedar grows here, reaching a height of 40 m and more than 1 m in diameter, velvet, walnut, ash, linden, oak, and ginseng. The main object of protection of the reserve is the Ussuri tiger.

Other reserves in Russia

There are several nature reserves in the tundra, one of which is Kandalaksha. It was opened in 1932 on the coast of the Kola Peninsula. Under protection there are wild reindeer, as well as various species of birds.

In 1996, the first tundra ornithological reserve was created on Wrangel Island, where birds are studied and protected. The main object of observation in the reserve is polar geese that nest in these parts.

In the Siberian taiga, the first natural park was created in 1995. It is called "Kondinsky lakes". Picturesque reservoirs, a pine forest, an abundance of mushrooms and berries, excellent places for hunting and fishing attract tourists and vacationers here.

Animal world These places are surprisingly diverse: river beaver, sable, otter, wolverine, fox, reindeer, muskrat. Of the birds: capercaillie, black grouse, partridge, gray crane, white-tailed eagle, whooper swan.

National parks of Russia

In 1987, there were 156 nature reserves and 17 national parks in our country. Now the number of the latter has increased markedly. There are currently 34 of them.

The composition of the national parks includes the most picturesque and valuable in nature territories (Valdai, Samarskaya Luka, Meshchera, Curonian Spit, Elbrus region, Baikal, etc.), many of them have received international recognition and are included in the World Heritage List.

Every year national parks attract more and more travelers not only from Russia, but also from abroad. National park visitors are offered interesting excursions on hiking and horse trails, fishing trips, photo hunting, skiing and snowmobiling and much more.

Within the territory of former USSR the first national park appeared in the Estonian SSR on the coast of the Gulf of Finland in 1971 - this Lahemaa(Est. - the land of the bay). In Russia, it was the first to open Sochi National Park - May 5, 1983 The youngest national park in Russia today is the Russian Arctic, which is located on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region. It was opened on June 15, 2009. The possibility of creating a national park "Mologa" in the Yaroslavl region is being considered.

Now in Russia there are 40 national parks, the territories of which cover almost all natural zones: from the taiga to mountain peaks Caucasus, from Baltic Sea to the mountainous regions of the south of Transbaikalia. The largest in terms of area National Park "Udege Legend" located in Primorsky Krai. Its area is 88,600 km2. The smallest is the Curonian Spit, which occupies the territory not only of the Russian Kaliningrad region, but also of Lithuania.

Let's talk about some national parks middle lane Russia.

Smolensk Lake District

National Park "Smolensk Lakeland" created in 1992 in a unique corner of Central Russian nature. It is located in the northwest of the Smolensk region. This is the edge of the lakes. water system The park is complemented by 16 rivers, mineral springs, raised sphagnum bogs.

The watershed of the basins of the Baltic and Black Seas passes through the territory of the park. The relief of the area bears traces of the ancient Valdai glaciation. All lakes, and here there are 35 of them, are of glacial origin. Each is unique in its own way. For example, in Lake Chistik, the water is surprisingly clear, in Mutnoye there is therapeutic mud, and Baklanovskoye is the deepest. And Lake Sapsho is famous for the fact that on its shore there is a museum-estate of the famous Russian traveler Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky.

There are fish in the lakes of the park. There are many birds and animals in the forests. You can meet a bear, elk, wild boar, roe deer. Hunting them, of course, is prohibited. They can only be observed and photographed.

Oryol woodland

National Park "Orlovskoye Polissya" located at the junction of the zone of forests and forest-steppes. The relief of the park is an undulating plain composed of glacial sands and loams. There are sand dunes up to 10 m high. The territory is dissected by a dense network river valleys and beams. There are two lakes, several dozen artificial reservoirs. The park is inhabited by the common crane, muskrat, badger, beaver, lynx and even the dark European forest bee.

Ugra National Park

Ugra National Park in Kaluga region was opened for tourists on July 1, 1997. It is located in the picturesque valleys of the Ugra and Zhizdra rivers, as well as on the left bank of the Oka. The length of the park from north to south is 130 km, and from west to east - 80 km, which provides a sufficient variety of natural landscapes. According to its content, the national park is historical and natural. There are 21 natural monuments, more than 30 architectural monuments, famous spiritual centers, about 100 archaeological sites here.

The Ugra River in the national park flows through sparsely populated, wooded areas. Its steep banks are buried in the greenery of pine forests. The water is so pure that plants have been preserved in it - indicators of the purity of water: a white water lily, a freshwater sponge - bodyaga. One of the most mysterious places The park is a forest tract "Devil's Settlement" with impenetrable forests, deep gloomy ravines, sheer cliffs, boulders and caves. Archaeologists have found traces of parking here ancient man(Iron Age).

Nechkinsky

Nechkinsky National Park was organized in 1997. It is located at the junction of the taiga and coniferous-deciduous forests of the Cis-Urals. The territory, which extends for a good hundred kilometers above and below the dam of the Botkinsk reservoir, is covered with light pine forests, alternating in depressions with spruce and birch forests with an admixture of fir, larch, linden and oak.

In forests, lakes and rivers, meadows and marshes, 745 species of plants grow and 114 species of animals live. On the territory of the national park there are numerous monuments of archeology, history and culture of different eras.

Landscapes and panoramas of the park's vast water and forest expanses attract painters, photography enthusiasts and tourists.

Reserves of Russia

Another form of protected natural areas are the reserves.

Reserve- a section of the territory or water area, within which not the entire natural complex is under special protection, as in a reserve, but only its individual elements: vegetation, all or some species of animals, etc.

Unlike the reserve, the lands of the reserve are not withdrawn from the land user, for a certain period they are limited only certain types activities (plowing, logging, haymaking, hunting, fishing, tourism, etc.).

Currently in Russia there are 69 federal nature reserves with a total area of ​​about 170,000 km 2 in 45 subjects of the Federation and about 12 thousand regional reserves. Among the first reserves formed in 1958, one should mention Tseisky(regional, North Ossetia-Alania), Priazovsky(federal, Krasnodar Territory), Khingan-Arkharin(federal, Amur region), Voronezh(federal, Voronezh region), Kirzinsky(federal. Novosibirsk region), Tyumen(federal, Tyumen region), Yaroslavsky(federal, Yaroslavl region).

National parks and reserves are one of the few places with almost untouched nature. Virgin forests, pristine lakes, rare and endangered species of animals - all this can be seen with your own eyes for a small price or even free of charge. We want to tell you about the largest and most remarkable natural parks and reserves in different natural zones of Russia.

• Square: 269 ​​thousand ha
• Location: The Republic of Buryatia
• Foundation date: September 12, 1986
• Average temperature: in January −18…−19 °С, in July +12…+14 °С
• Animal world: white hare, muskrat, squirrel, Brown bear, elk, ermine

There are animals listed in the Red Book here - there are more than 40 rare and endangered species in the Zabaikalsky Park. The world of birds is also diverse: a black crane, a black stork, a whooper swan can be found in the park. Vegetation is of particular value: many pine, cedar and fir forests are over 200 years old. On the territory of the park there are many unique natural monuments - capes, islands, caves, water sources, as well as archaeological sites, such as traces of ancient settlements.

The territory of the park included several natural complexes: the Svyatoy Nos peninsula, the islands of the Chivyrkuisky Bay, the Ushkany Islands. The latter, by the way, were especially chosen by ants: there are more than six thousand anthills on the islands, some of them reach the height of human growth! The Ushkany Islands are also famous for seals: in summer, hundreds of individuals gather on large stones. Seals are shy animals, so the park administration protects them from excessive attention of visitors - it will not be possible to get to the islands without special permission.

• Square: 881 thousand ha
• Location: Republic of Altai, Altai mountains
• Foundation date: April 16, 1932
• Average temperature: in January -8.3 °C, in July +16.8 °C
• Animal world: bear, sable, wolverine, deer, ermine, squirrel, roe deer

Thinking about what reserves there are in Russia, one cannot but recall the Altai Reserve. It has a rather difficult fate: twice, in 1951 and 1961, it was disbanded, but invariably restored. Its main goals are the preservation of Lake Teletskoye, the protection of forests, the rescue of sable, deer, snow leopard and other animals that are on the verge of extinction. There are many streams and springs on the territory of the reserve. clean water. The pride of the reserve is cedar forests: their age reaches 450 years.

The territory of the reserve is practically impassable, only occasionally there are narrow paths, which are guided only by foresters and some employees. This is one of the largest reserves in Russia, its area is 9.4% of the total area of ​​the Altai Republic. The reserve is included in the list of virgin or little changed ecological regions of the world.

• Square: 121 thousand ha
• Location: Primorsky Krai, Lazo village
• Foundation date: February 10, 1935
• Average temperature: in January −5.1…−12.5 °C, in August +17.4…+23.5 °C
• Animal world: spotted deer, red deer, goral, Amur tiger

The Lazovsky State Nature Reserve of Russia is named after its second director, Lev Georgievich Kaplanov. He was one of the first to study the Amur tigers, which to this day are the pride of the reserve. In 1943, Kaplanov was killed by poachers who spread to the territory of the reserve during the Great Patriotic War.

Lazovsky Reserve is the second largest in Primorye. Forests occupy 96% of the territory of the reserve. It is the preservation and study of coniferous-deciduous forests that is one of the main goals of creating the reserve. In addition, employees are trying to preserve populations of animal species listed in the Red Book. For example, on the territory of the reserve there are 14 adult Amur tigers and more than 200 gorals, an artiodactyl animal of the goat subfamily.

• Square: 17 thousand ha
• Location: Primorsky Krai
• Foundation date: 1916
• Average temperature: in January -13 °C, in August +21 °C
• Animal world: Far Eastern leopard, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, Himalayan bear, roe deer, wild boar, exotic butterflies

Kedrovaya Pad is one of the oldest nature reserves in Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the creation of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the strengthening of Vladivostok as a trading port, the intensive development of Primorye began. Development was accompanied by deforestation, forest fires, random hunting - including rare animals. In 1910, a forestry was organized on the site of the reserve, which sought to preserve the unique virgin forests. Thanks to the foresters, deforestation, mining, and hunting stopped in Kedrovaya Pad, and soon the reserve itself was created.

More than 900 species of plants grow here; some of them are not found anywhere except the "Kedrovaya Pad". Forests occupy 73% of the area of ​​the reserve. Particularly noteworthy are black fir forests, which are almost impossible to find anywhere else. The black fir, which got its name from dark bark, is the largest tree on Far East. The fauna of the reserve is also diverse - from flying squirrels to Far Eastern leopard listed in the Red Book.

• Square: 134 thousand ha
• Location: Samara Region
• Foundation date: April 28, 1984
• Animal world: bat, golden eagle, elk, roe deer

On the territory of the park there are about 200 natural and historical monuments, among them mounds, mountains and caves. The park is also rich in archaeological finds. For example, in the territory Samara bow”found burial mounds of the 7th–8th centuries and traces of the Murom town, settlements of the 9th–13th centuries.

More than 30,000 bats live in old adits in the park - 15 species in total, some of which are listed in the Red Book. Many tourists, when visiting the galleries, made noise, kindled fires, took pictures of animals. Since bats are very sensitive, human intervention ended in death for many. To preserve the animal population, park officials have limited access to adits. However, the scientific and technical council of the park decided to create a "Museum bat so that visitors can still get to know the lifestyle of bats and their role in nature.

• Square: 1,462.37 km2
• Location: Smolensk region
• Foundation date: April 15, 1992
• Animal world: beaver, squirrel, mink, golden eagle

There are 35 glacial lakes on the territory of the park - hence the name "Smolensk Lakeland". This national park seeks not only to protect nature, but also to engage in environmental education. "Smolenskoye Poozerye" gladly accepts tourists, organizes cultural events: bard song festivals, marches, excursions. For example, in spring and autumn, a competition in sports ornithology is held among the guests of the park - this, roughly speaking, is a photo hunting for birds.

Sixty-five plant species of the "Smolensk Lakeland" are listed in the Red Book of the Smolensk Region, 10 of them are in the Red Book of Russia. Also rare are 26 species of birds and six species of mammals in the park.

• Square: 6,621 ha
• Location: Kaliningrad region
• Foundation date: November 6, 1987
• Animal world: elk, wild boar, roe deer, fox, badger, finch, starling

In the north, the Curonian Spit Park adjoins the Russian-Lithuanian border. This is a favorite vacation spot for Kaliningraders and guests of the Kaliningrad region: despite its small size, the Curonian Spit is one of the most visited national parks in the country. Once upon a time, Scandinavians, Germans, and Balts lived on its territory. Therefore, the "Curonian Spit" keeps a lot of archaeological monuments from different eras: burial grounds, sites, traces of ancient settlements.

The Curonian Spit can be called a "museum of natural areas" - after all, on its territory you can find a variety of landscapes, from birch forests to sand dunes. And only here you can see dancing forest»: pines planted in the park in the 60s of the XX century are fancifully bent, resembling the figures of dancing people.

• Square: 1,585 km²
• Location: Novgorod region
• Foundation date: May 17, 1990
• Average temperature: in January -10 °C, in July +16…+17 °C
• Animal world: elk, marten, lynx, otter, bear, hare, badger, fox

Valdai National Park got its name from the city of Valdai, which is over 500 years old. In addition to 82 archaeological sites, the park is notable for architectural and architectural monuments - these are ancient estates, a monastery of the 17th century, and a church of the 18th century. Since the park is located close to Moscow and St. Petersburg, it is one of the most visited in Russia. Eighty-six percent of the area is occupied by forests, where spruce, birch, and pine mainly grow.

Valdai National Park holds many exhibitions and environmental education events, for example, game quests for schoolchildren. During the competition, children must carefully study the information about the park in order to find the treasure.

• Square: 659 thousand ha
• Location: Irkutsk region
• Foundation date: December 5, 1986
• Average temperature: in January -15 °C, in July +14 °C
• Animal world: bear, deer, lynx, wolf, white-tailed eagle, black stork

You can get to the Baikal-Lena Reserve only by water, by boat. The attraction of the reserve is the coast of brown bears. In May, from a ship or an observation tower, you can see how the owners of the taiga walk along the coastline. On the territory of the reserve there are also the oldest volcanoes in the world - they are more than a thousand million years old!

More than 300 species of vertebrates, more than 240 species of birds and 100 species of butterflies live in the reserve. In the administrative building of the Baikal-Lena Reserve, which is located in Irkutsk, there is a museum of nature and a visitor-information center.

• Square: 303.8 km²
• Location: Chelyabinsk region
• Foundation date: May 14, 1920
• Average temperature: in January -21 °C, in July +18 °C
• Animal world: stoat, forest polecat, hare, brown bear, flying squirrel, wolf

The Ilmensky Reserve is interesting not only for tourists, but also for geologists. On its territory there are deposits precious stones and rare minerals: sapphire, zircon, topaz, aquamarine. It was here that 16 minerals were first discovered. Since 1930, a mineralogical museum has been open to visitors, which presents more than 200 minerals found in the reserve.

Since 1935, not only minerals, but also plants and animals have been protected in the reserve. You can get to the Ilmensky Reserve by car from Chelyabinsk or by public transport from Miass.