The most famous reserves Russian reserves

Published: 04.11.2017 Category: Author's essay

Reserve - a fragment of the territory (or water area) of a country, which is the subject of its conservation measures. The area "ordered" by the authorities cannot be a place for the construction of residential or industrial buildings, as well as other infrastructure facilities, except for research, excursion and, in rare cases, agricultural. The state reserves of Russia (GZ) are huge in size and scattered throughout all its regions, being the subject of national pride.

The largest reserves in Russia

In our country, there are GCs with an area of ​​more than 10,000 square kilometers. In fact, many of them could fit at least 5 large metropolitan areas! Almost all the largest nature reserves in Russia are geographically fragments of Siberia. They consist of hard-to-pass territories. It is very cold here.

Great Arctic Reserve

It has a size of 41,692.22 square kilometers. Established in 1993. Within its limits are continental cordons (the channel of the Lower Taimyr, the Middendorf Bay, the Chelyuskin Peninsula). There are isolated areas: Dixon-Sibiryakovsky, Karsky, Pyasinsky (islands), the Nordsheld archipelago. The local landscape is stone moraines, covered with ice and snow on top. This is the coldest protected zone in the country. Local vegetation - mosses, small flowers and mushrooms. Relic fauna - lemmings, wolverines, arctic foxes, ermines and other furs. Large representatives of the mammal world are white and brown bears.

Commander Reserve

It is equal to 36,486.79 square kilometers and occupies the islands of the same name (the largest of them are Bering, Ariy Kamen, Toporkov and Medny). Created in 1993. The main attraction is the extensive nesting sites of rare marine fauna, including the Commander Arctic fox and Canada Goose. Of the plants, the sea mullet and several varieties of slippers are listed in the Red Book. From the water bowls - Saranoye Lake (Bering Island). On the same spot is the only settlement of the Commanders - the village of Nikolskoye, next to it - a polar airfield.

Wrangel Island

The area of ​​the eastern piece of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (separated from the mainland) is 22,256.5 hectares. It was declared a protected land in 1976. Its main feature is not high mountains arctic tundra (occupy 2/3 of its entire territory). Among this rugged terrain, there are 2 varieties of rare flowers, as well as areas of white goose and comb eider, which do not give offspring anywhere else in the world. The same land is called the most prolific nature reserve in Russia - there is a high growth of polar bears. After all, in fact, this is the main "maternity hospital" of voracious giants.

Putoransky reserve

"Putorana land" covers 18,872.51 square kilometers with its borders. It appeared in the register of federal state protection laws as early as 1988 - on the Putorana Plateau (west of the Central Siberian Plateau, in the vicinity of Khantai Lake). Landscape - mountain-lake-taiga, relict vegetation - "classic" trees of the taiga and arctic forest-tundra. Putorana is the habitat of the largest population of wild reindeer. There is also a bighorn sheep (also listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation).

Taimyr Reserve

The extreme north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, namely the Taimyr Peninsula, has a reserved land of 17,819.28 square kilometers. She received her status in 1979. It consists of 4 clusters. Reservoirs - the Taimyr River and Lake Taimyr. Reproducible flora - 222 species of mosses and 265 types of lichens, local fauna - musk ox.

Ust-Lensky Nature Reserve

The GZ at the mouth of the Lena boasts an area of ​​14,330 square kilometers. This biospheric "sanctuary" received its boundaries in 1985. The conversation is about most of the Bulunsky region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which contains the entire Lena delta. The climate here is marine polar, the landscape is exclusively water and tundra. Of the inhabitants of the Red Book, only three plants are found, anseriform and gull sandpipers, a small swan and a pink gull. The village closest to the cordons is the village. Tiksi.

Kronotsky Reserve

The largest nature reserves in Russia are also located in the Far East. For example, Kronotsky ("year of birth" - 1934) occupies the tip of the Kamchatka Territory. Its space is 11,476.19 square kilometers. And these are three sites on the peninsula - Kronotsky, Koryaksky and South Kamchatsky. Large water areas are lakes Kurilskoye, Kambalnoye and Kronotskoye, as well as the rivers Levaya Shchepina, Stanichnaya, Kronotskaya, Tyushevka, Anna, Kambalnaya. Of the protected plants, Elman's birch and elfin (cedar and alder) are found. Populations acclimatize here brown bear and wild reindeer.

The most famous reserves in Russia

The status of "The largest reserves in Russia" does not yet mean that they are the most famous. Other protected areas fall into this category - those that amaze with their beauty or uniqueness, as well as transport accessibility or convenience.

Barguzinsky Reserve

In the first place is the north-eastern coast of Lake Baikal, which has been protected since 1916 - the "pearl of Buryatia" with a size of 374,322 hectares. It is not worth reminding that the guest will find here the cleanest and deepest fresh water in the world, as well as dozens of species of conifers and deciduous forests. One has only to pay attention to our favorite local tracts - the neighborhood of the villages of Davsha and Ust-Barguzin. From here, "tent campers" raft along the picturesque rivers.

Ussuri Nature Reserve

It occupies the second position in the list of "Most famous nature reserves Russia ”Only the deaf have not heard about the tiger of the same name in our days. Personally, President Putin controls the protection of this variety of cats. Maybe, Ussurian tiger will appear even on one of the Russian banknotes! The place of residence of the toothy handsome man is the territory of the Ussuriysk urban district and the Shkotovsky district of Primorsky Krai, protected since 1934. And this reserve has an unforgettably beautiful nature - the southern spurs of the Przhevalsky mountains covered with various forests, the Komarovka River, the tributaries of the Artemovka - all this impresses tourists from the center.

Altai Reserve

The oldest reserve in Russia

One of the repositories of endemic flora and fauna has the title of "the oldest reserve in Russia." This is the Barguzinsky reserve (included in the register of the most visited). The fact is that on December 29, 1916, the Provisional Government of Russia decided to protect its nature from the encroachments of poachers and miners. Despite the difficult domestic political situation and the troubles on the eve of the New Year, the then leadership found the time and energy to pass the relevant law. It is worth saying that restrictive measures regarding the extermination of some animals also took place in the tsarist era. In 1912, a decree "On restrictive measures in hunting sable" was issued.

The youngest reserve in Russia

With the chronologically first protected recreation in Russia, everything is clear, but what kind of SP, on the contrary, is the youngest reserve in Russia? Its name is the Kologrivsky forest, and its location is the northeast of the Kostroma region. The decision on its status was made by the government relatively recently - in 2006. Almost 58,940 hectares of thickets of taiga (dark coniferous) forests lie near the village of Kologriv - along the Vetluga and Unzha rivers. The purpose of this zone is to preserve the specified plant mass.

The most popular nature reserve in Russia

The most popular nature reserve in Russia is determined by only one parameter - attendance statistics for last years(regardless of its beauty or amenities). It turned out to be the Kivach nature reserve. The waterfall and the coniferous forest surrounding it in the Republic of Karelia (almost 11,000 hectares in the vicinity of the village of the same name on the Suna River) attract thousands of people. By the way, the channel of the Suna is full of other picturesque tracts. The number of excursions to this location "went off scale" beyond the usual "norms". And it should be noted that the entire Karelian region has become a "tourist Mecca" over the past 4 years.

The wettest reserve in Russia

There is such a thing as "the wettest reserve in Russia" - this Caucasian Reserve, or rather, its borderland with the Sochi National Park located to the south. It is here that the place with the highest indicator of humidity and a record amount of precipitation in our country is located. Even without taking into account evaporation and runoff, the gorges surrounding the Achishkho mountain range (which are precisely the dividing lines state reserve and the national park) receive almost 3,300 millimeters a year! There is a threat of floods and even avalanches. It's hard to breathe in the heat here. The nearest landmarks are Khmelevsky lakes (Krasnaya Polyana). On Achishkho itself, the hotel "Mountain Olympia" is arranged. Elderly people often lost consciousness here. This state of affairs is explained by a too sharp change in climatic zones (above is the alpine climate zone, and below is the zone of humid subtropics).

The most fertile nature reserve in Russia

Belogorye is the most fertile nature reserve in Russia. Why is that? The local plains (2,131 hectares from the historical regions of the Yamskaya Steppe, Otrasyevy Yars, Bald Mountains and Walls of Izgorye) have an arable layer over 60 centimeters thick. The depth of the fertile stratum directly depends on the depth of the cultural (archaeological) layer. And it is extremely high here - dozens of nationalities lived in this area - numerous Neolithic agrarian tribes, the people of the Srubna culture, Scythians, Alans, Northern Slavs, the population of Turkic states, Mongol-Tatars, Russians. Recreation has been protected since 1999 - nowadays it consists of sections of Borisovsky, Novooskolsky and Gubkinsky districts of the Belgorod region (one of the 5 "main granaries").

The highest nature reserve in Russia

Kabardino-Balkarsky is the highest nature reserve in Russia. No wonder its full name already contains the word "alpine". Its most heavenly "floors" are the peaks of Dykhtau (5204) and Koshtanau (5152). “So Elbrus is still higher!” you say. Yes. But Elbrus is part of the Prielbrusye Natural Park, which is not a protected area (which is clearly visible thanks to hundreds of hotels, shopping centers and sports facilities). The Kabardino-Balkarian Nature Reserve is spread over an area of ​​82,642 hectares. In his tracts lives such rare beast like a jackal, a Caucasian snowcock (it has not been seen here for a long time) and a local variety of a funny animal - a forest raccoon.

The northernmost nature reserve in Russia

The reader will be interested to know that the Great Arctic is the most northern reserve Russia. It lies on the borders of the Arctic Circle. Although the Russian Federation also has “more arctic” peninsulas and islands, they do not represent recreational value.

The southernmost reserve in Russia

Dagestansky is the southernmost nature reserve in Russia. In 1987, it was decided to turn into a protected area several heterogeneous biosphere complexes on the border of the Tarumovsky and Buynaksky regions of the republic (the total size of this "variegated" reserve is 19,061 hectares). This is a wintering place for rare migratory birds, including flamingos (they love the local tiny lakes). The Sarykum tract (the largest sand dune in Eurasia near Makhachkala) was also attached here. In addition to the desert, there are multi-colored semi-deserts and bald hills (Kizlyar Bay).

The most western nature reserve in Russia

Deepest into Europe "enters" the Kaliningrad region of Russia. However, it only has natural parks, not reserves. But in second place, as you know, the Pskov region. And on his land there is a GZ. It turns out that Polistovsky is the westernmost nature reserve in Russia. Administratively, it is part of the Bezhanitsky and Loknyansky districts of the region. This refers to the interfluve of the rivers Polist, Khlavitsa and Tsevla, as well as Lake Polisto, which appears in ancient Russian birch bark. The landscape is flooded, marshy. Of the trees there are hazel, oak, maple, linden, rare species pines. The grass is heather. The purpose of this "repository" is to protect the relict lakes of Europe.

The easternmost nature reserve in Russia – Wrangel Island. Further lies the dead part of Chukotka. On the same meridian (only to the south) - already the islands of the USA!

The smallest nature reserve in Russia

After the annexation of the Republic of Crimea to Russia, this place replaced Galichya Gora with the "positions" of the smallest reserve in the country. Talk about that very ledge of the Crimean land, where part of the village of Nikita is located, namely, the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and the coast that separates it from the sea. Its area is only 240 hectares, the longest path (taking into account the rugged terrain) is 800 meters. The reserve was created in 1973 by the authorities of the Ukrainian SSR. Its purpose is to preserve a piece of landscape with the ruins of Ruskafil-Kale.

The most unusual nature reserve in Russia

Which of our reserves has received the title of "The most unusual reserve in Russia"? Most tourists, local historians and scientists agreed that this is the Ubsunurovskaya hollow. We are talking about the Russian part of the Russian-Mongolian transboundary object - the lowlands between the Altai mountains and Lake Ubsu-Nur (the reservoir itself already belongs to the MPR). The protected area of ​​the tract is 898,064 hectares. However, in this area of ​​the Republic of Tuva you observe all the landscapes temperate zone Lands: steppe, forest-steppe, wooded foothills, rocky mountains (covered with shrubs), water meadows and semi-desert.

Reserves of Russia. Full list

So, you now know that our vast country has impressive undeveloped lands, which are called state natural reserves of Russia. They save recreational potential Eurasia in particular and the entire planet in general. This is a heavily protected treasure trove of untouched nature, divided into 110 sections. About each of them on our resource there will be a separate review. Well, below we list all Russian CAs registered on this moment.

No. p.p.	Name	Location	Area, sq. km.
1		Krasnoyarsk region	41 692,2
2		Kamchatka Krai	36 486,8
3		Chukotka	22 256,5
4	Putoransky reserve	Krasnoyarsk region	18 872,5
5		Krasnoyarsk region	17 819,3
6		The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	14 330,0
7		Kamchatka Krai	11 476,2
8		Krasnoyarsk region	9 720,2
9		Tyva Republic	9 251,4
10		Magadan Region	8 838,2
11		Altai Republic	8 812,4
12		Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	8 781,7
13		Khabarovsk region	8 599,6
14		The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	8 471,0
15		Komi Republic	7 213,2
16		Irkutsk region	6 599,2
17		Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra	6 486,6
18		Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	6 313,1
19		Irkutsk region	5 858,4
20		Kemerovo region	4 129,0
21	Sikhote-Alin Reserve	Primorsky Krai	4 014,3
22	Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve	Krasnoyarsk region	3 903,7
23		The Republic of Buryatia	3 743,2
24	Bureinsky Reserve	Khabarovsk region	3 584,0
25	Koryaksky Reserve	Kamchatka Krai	3 271,6
26	Nenets Reserve	Nenets Autonomous District	3 134,0
27	Azas	Tyva Republic	3 003,9
28	Tunguska Reserve	Krasnoyarsk region	2 965,6
29		Republic of Adygea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Krasnodar region	2 800,0
30	Lapland Reserve	Murmansk region	2 784,4
31	Khakass Nature Reserve	The Republic of Khakassia	2 675,7
32	Botchinskiy Reserve	Khabarovsk region	2 673,8
33	South Ural Reserve	Republic of Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk region	2 528,0
34	Vishera Reserve	Perm region	2 412,0
35	Dzherginsky Reserve	The Republic of Buryatia	2 380,9
36	Malaya Sosva	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra	2 255,6
37	Norsky Reserve	Amur region	2 111,7
38	Sokhondinsky Reserve	Zabaykalsky Krai	2 109,9
39		The Republic of Buryatia	1 657,2
40	Katunsky Reserve	Altai Republic	1 500,8
41	black lands	Republic of Kalmykia	1 219,0
42	Lazovsky Reserve	Primorsky Krai	1 209,9
43	Darwin Reserve	Vologodskaya Oblast, Yaroslavl region	1 126,3
44	Bologna Reserve	Khabarovsk region	1 036,0
45	Zeya Reserve	Amur region	994,3
46	Khingan Reserve	Amur region	970,7
47	Bastak	Jewish Autonomous Region	917,7
48	Teberdinsky Reserve	Karachay-Cherkess Republic	850,6
49	Kabardino-Balkar Alpine Reserve	Kabardino-Balkarian Republic	826,4
50	Denezhkin Stone	Sverdlovsk region	781,9
51	Kandalaksha Reserve	Republic of Karelia, Murmansk region	705,3
52		Astrakhan region	679,2
53	Kuril Reserve	Sakhalin region	653,7
54	Komsomolsky Reserve	Khabarovsk region	644,1
55	Far Eastern Marine Reserve	Primorsky Krai	643,2
56	Kologrivsky forest	Kostroma region	589,4
57	Poronaysky Reserve	Sakhalin region	566,9
58	Oksky Reserve	Ryazan Oblast	557,3
59	Pinezhsky Reserve	Arhangelsk region	518,9
60	Bashkir Reserve	Republic of Bashkortostan	496,1
61	Kostomuksha Reserve	Republic of Karelia	475,7
62	pillars	Krasnoyarsk region	471,5
63	Kerzhensky Reserve	Nizhny Novgorod Region	467,9
64	Daursky Reserve	Zabaykalsky Krai	457,9
65	Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve	Khabarovsk region	454,7
66	Crimean Reserve	Republic of Crimea	441,8
67	Nizhnesvirsky Reserve	Leningrad region	416,2
68	Tigirek Reserve	Altai region	406,9
69	Ussuri Nature Reserve	Primorsky Krai	404,3
70	Khankai Reserve	Primorsky Krai	392,9
71	Polistovsky Reserve	Pskov region	379,8
72	Basegi	Perm region	379,4
73	Rdeisky Reserve	Novgorod region	369,2
74	Visimsky Reserve	Sverdlovsk region	335,0
75	Mordovian Reserve	The Republic of Mordovia	321,5
76		Voronezh region, Lipetsk region	310,5
77		Chelyabinsk region	303,8
78	North Ossetian Reserve	Republic of North Ossetia - Alania	295,4
79	Central Forest Reserve	Tver region	244,5
80	Nurgush	Kirov region	234,5
81	Zhiguli Nature Reserve	Samara Region	231,6
82	Shulgan-Tash	Republic of Bashkortostan	225,3
83	Orenburg Reserve	Orenburg region	216,5
84	Big Kokshaga	Mari El Republic	214,1
85	Dagestan Reserve	The Republic of Dagestan	190,6
86	Kaluga notches	Kaluga region	185,3
87	Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky Nature Reserve	Astrakhan region	184,8
88	Kedrovaya Pad	Primorsky Krai	179,0
89	Pasvik	Murmansk region	166,4
90	East Ural Reserve	Chelyabinsk region	166,2
91	Khopersky Reserve	Voronezh region	161,8
92	Yalta mountain forest reserve	Republic of Crimea	145,2
93	bryansk forest	Bryansk region	121,9
94	Kivach	Republic of Karelia	108,8
95	Voroninsky Reserve	Tambov Region	103,2
96	Volzhsko-Kama Reserve	Republic of Tatarstan	100,9
97	Utrish	Krasnodar region	100,1
98	Rostov Reserve	Rostov region	95,3
99	Prisursky Reserve	Chuvash Republic	91,5
100	Volga forest-steppe	Penza region, Ulyanovsk region	83,7
101	Shaitan-Tau	Orenburg region	67,3
102	Erzi	The Republic of Ingushetia	59,7
103	Central Black Earth Reserve	Kursk region	52,9
104	Galichya Mountain	Lipetsk region	49,6
105	Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve	Moscow region	49,5
106	Karadag Reserve	Republic of Crimea	28,6
107	Belogorye	Belgorod region	21,3
108	Opuk Nature Reserve	Republic of Crimea	15,9
109	Kazantip Reserve	Republic of Crimea	4,5
110	Cape Martyan	Republic of Crimea	2,4

17

Residents of our country can visit the deserts, tropics, mountains, steppes, forests, without even leaving the borders of the Motherland.

Our land is rich in great wonders of nature, in our country there are a huge number of unique nature reserves which may be right next to you.

1. Barguzinsky Reserve

Everyone knows that in Russia there is the deepest lake in the world, the sacred "lake-sea", as they call it locals, . But very few people know that not only the lake is unique, but also the reserved nature around.

And it is around Lake Baikal that a beautiful "Barguzinsky Reserve", a variety of taiga inhabitants roam its paths, more than three hundred species of inhabitants live in these beautiful coniferous and deciduous forests.

Where are the impassable snowdrifts and the mighty snow-capped peaks of the Baikal mountain ranges.

Most of the territory of the reserve covers the southern side of the coast of the great lake, where the mysterious mountain range passes. Khamar-Daban, so attracting tourists from all over the world.

In these forests, 25 species of plants listed in the Red Book grow, in the rivers there are valuable breeds fish, lenok, burbot, taimen, black grayling, not to mention the famous Baikal omul.

Barguzinsky Nature Reserve and Baikal are not just amazing natural corners, these are places of power, everyone who has visited these places knows how the state of mind of a person changes for the better.

People who have passed the forest paths find peace of mind, inspiration, joy.

The reserve is open to everyone, everyone can go on a trip along the taiga trails with a backpack on their back and return from the taiga a completely different person

On Baikal you can see a rare animal that does not live anywhere else in the world, the Baikal seal.

In the taiga, you can meet a bear, wolverine, ferrets, hares, red deer, not to mention the fur king of the taiga forests, the Baikal sable.

2 . Kuznetsk Alatau

Kuznetsk Alatau, a unique nature reserve in the south Central Siberia thanks to its special ecosystem. In the valley, surrounded on all sides by high mountains, virgin coniferous forests, cedars, pines, elfins, crystal mountain rivers feed deep mountain lakes, in which the sky and mountains are reflected as if in mirrors.

Today, unfortunately, the reserve suffers from a large number of tourists, the developed hotel infrastructure spoils the mountain landscapes, causing harm to the environment. After all, this place is very popular among tourists due to its location and incredible natural beauty.

Many tourists walk along well-worn paths and through the pass. Karatashsky to the Golden Valley.

And although there are untrodden paths in the valley, places where you will not meet people, but only forest dwellers, roe deer and bears, it is still unrealistic to get lost, there are hotels in the upper reaches of each river.

A favorite place where tourists come, this is not surprising, there are many mountain waterfalls around the lake, and trout is found in the lake.

3. Altai Reserve

The entire territory of the Altai Reserve is included in UNESCO, "Golden Mountains of Altai" is called it in this list of world natural heritage.

The Altai Nature Reserve is one of the largest in Russia.

The reserve is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and the famous one is located in the south.

Surprisingly, there is not a single motor road in the entire territory of the reserve. The reserve is rich in forests and lakes, of which there are more than 1190 in the reserve.

Many go to the reserve in order to conquer the peak, Mount Belukha, which can no longer be climbed without special equipment. Belukha height is 4506 meters above sea level.

Other mountains in the reserve are not considered very high, the average height is 2000m. above sea level, anyone can conquer these mountains, climbing the passes you can see stunning views, and if you are very lucky, you can meet the owner of the mountains, snow leopard listed in the Red Book.

The Altai Reserve is beautiful because there are no luxury hotels in it, only modest havens for adventure lovers and beautiful nature in all its glory.

On the shore of Lake Teletskoye there is a village where you can rent a small, cozy house from 300 rubles per person per day.

4. Pillars

"Pillars", this is not just a nature reserve, it is a unique geological phenomenon of nature, spread over the territory of Siberia and the eastern part of the mountain range "Sayans". The peculiarity of the reserve in "Stoblah" is the so-called syenite remnants, which attract tourists with their amazing shape.

Not all "pillars" are open for tourists, in the depths of the reserve there are places where lovers of beauty cannot go, in order to preserve the unique a natural phenomenon from the detrimental impact of humans on the ecosystem.

These unusual rocks have given rise to such a phenomenon among tourists as "columnism", there are people who love to climb the "pillars", they are called "pillars". Most of all "pillars" are in the city of Krasnoyarsk, because the reserve adjoins Krasnoyarsk in its northeastern part. So it's a common thing for Krasnoyarsk residents to get out of the city on the weekends, climb the "pillars".

They do it without insurance, with special professionalism and passion.

Most of the forests are occupied by fir trees.

The reserve even has a beautiful ski resort, just where the reserve adjoins Krasnoyarsk.

5. Kronotsky Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve, one of the oldest protected natural wonders of Russia. It is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, adjacent to Pacific Ocean. Here is the world-famous active volcano, restless Kronotskaya Sopka, waterfalls, hot lakes and the famous Valley of Geysers.

Valley of Geysers, part of the Seven Wonders of Russia.

We are very lucky that such a natural miracle exists in our country, because nowhere else on the mainland of Eurasia is there a single valley of geysers. A similar natural phenomenon can only be found in Iceland, and in terms of area it is much smaller than our valley of geysers.

The ecosystem in the valley is extremely fragile and very vulnerable to external influences.

There are many different prohibitions on the territory of the reserve, it is also impossible to make fires, but despite all the prohibitions and the significant remoteness of this miracle, the flow of tourists does not decrease at all over the years, but rather steadily increases.

They tried to completely close access to the valley of geysers in 2007, but this never happened and the valley of geysers is open to everyone.

In the valley of geysers, not only unforgettable views, but also the largest population of brown bears in the country.

6. Caucasian Reserve

The Caucasian reserve, these are almost continuous mountains.

It is also included in UNESCO, and is located in the southern and northern slopes of the Western Caucasus.

There are practically no tourists in the reserve, thanks to this nature is practically untouched and rich in Bison and Tours.

Sochi is located not far from the reserve.

On the territory of the reserve there are such famous peaks as, Kazbek and Elbrus By the way, Elbrus is considered the highest point in Europe.

And even for the most experienced climber, conquering Elbrus is not an easy task.

Lake Kezenoyam, attracts tourists, it is unique in the color of the water, in sunny weather it takes on an unnaturally blue color, and is also the deepest lake in the North Caucasus. Lives in the lake eisenam trout, this fish is found nowhere else in the world. On the shore of the lake there is a very not bad hotel complex.

7. Great Arctic Reserve

Arctic deserts and snow-covered tundra, this is the Great Arctic Reserve.

It is located, of course, in the north of Russia, adjacent to the northern Arctic, most of the year the entire territory of the reserve is covered with snow.

This is the largest nature reserve on our continent, but also the largest area inhabited by polar bears.

The peculiarity of this reserve is that mining is carried out on its territory, in particular oil.

The reserve borders the Arctic Ocean.

8. Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve

This unique reserve is rich in the largest cedar taiga in terms of area. The reserve is rich in cedar, valleys and mountains, which even reach a height of 3000m above sea level.

More than a hundred species of endangered animals are found in the cedar forests.

And the largest population of snow leopards in the world has found its refuge in this reserve.

Unfortunately, the reservoir, opened in 1975, caused irreparable damage to the local ecosystem, destroying a huge number of species in the flooded area.

And even after many years, many species of animals could not adapt to the changed conditions and simply left these places or died. There are also many tourists in this reserve, but what pleases, there are practically no hotels.

9. Vasyugan swamps

Between the rivers Ob and Irtysh, there are endless swamps, Vasyugan swamps. Well, at least here nature is resting from tourists. This is one of the largest swamps in the world.

Of course, in the middle of the swamps there are dry islands, which are inhabited by a huge variety of rare birds and animals. But if you get there and decide to make a fire, then a huge fine awaits you.

But the greatest threat to the reserve comes not from tourists, but from those who are looking for profit, because the swamps are rich in various animals, oil, peat, natural gas.

At the moment, industrial developments are not carried out in the area of ​​the reserve, but for many years it has haunted those who dream of earning millions.

Nearby spaceport "Baikonur" causes enormous damage to the ecosystem of the reserve for many years, because the spent fuel gets into fresh water swamps.

10. Far Eastern Marine Reserve

Some parts of the reserve are completely closed to tourists, but what is not prohibited is enough for everyone to visit this unique place.

In the reserve you can only admire nature, no fishing, hunting, campfires. Warm sea ​​waters rich in sharks, snakes, and many other marine life.

In the north of the reserve there is a hotel that does not shine with frills, but will allow tired travelers to have a good rest.

Only ten reserves, but this is not all the wonders of our vast country. This is only the smallest part.

10 national parks and reserves in Russia

Ecotourism, or ecotourism, is travel to places with relatively untouched nature. The main principle for such a trip is not to harm the environment, so ecological routes mainly run through national parks and reserves.

Zabaikalsky National Park.

The Zabaikalsky National Park is located within a typical mountain-taiga region. The relief is mountainous. Within the boundaries of the park, large orographic units are distinguished: the Svyatonossky Range, the Barguzinsky Range, the Chivyrkuisky Isthmus and the Ushkany Islands.

Two mountain ranges extend across the territory of the park in the direction from northeast to southwest: the Barguzinsky Range - gradually lowering from the Barguzinsky Reserve to Lake. Barmashovoye (the highest elevation of the ridge within the park is 2376 m above sea level) and the Sredinny Ridge of the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula (the highest elevation approximately in the middle part of 1877 m), gradually lowering to the north and south. The Chivyrkui Isthmus connects the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula with the eastern shore of Lake Baikal. The Ushkany Islands (Bolshoy Ushkany Island and Small Ushkany Islands) are the peaks of the Academic Ridge, which divides the Baikal depression into two basins - northern and southern.

Altai reserve.

The Altai Reserve has been a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site since 1998. Included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB) - May 26, 2009. Included in the Global-200 (WWF) list of virgin or little-modified ecoregions of the world, in which 90% of the planet's biodiversity is concentrated.

The territory occupied by the Altai Reserve includes five physiographic regions of three natural provinces. In the spectrum altitudinal zonality almost all stand out natural belts Altai Mountains: taiga low and middle mountains, subalpine and alpine meadow middle and high mountains, tundra-steppe high mountains, tundra middle and high mountains, glacial-nival high mountains. Forests occupy 34% of the total area of ​​the main zone. They are located in the lower and middle parts of the mountains, on the steep slopes of the valleys, as well as on the lower parts of the sloping crests. The lower border of the forest begins at the level of 436 meters (the level of Lake Teletskoye), and the upper one is different in different parts. So, if in the southeast it is at an altitude of 2000-2200 m above sea level, then in the northwest it drops to a level of 1800-2000 m.

Lazovsky Reserve.

special value protected area represent a unique grove of relic yew pointed on about. Petrov, thickets of endemic cross-pair microbiota, populations of such rare animals as the Amur goral, Amur tiger, Ussuri sika deer.

The Lazovsky Reserve is located on the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, between the rivers Kievka and Chernaya. Ridge Zapovedny divides the territory of the reserve into two parts - northern continental and southern coastal. The average height of the mountains is 500-700 m, some peaks reach 1200-1400 m above sea level. The slopes of the mountains have different steepness, on average 20-25 degrees, their ridges are narrow, but flat. Significant areas are occupied by stony placers. The height of the spurs decreases in the east towards the sea, the watershed ridges pass into small hilly ridges up to 100 m high.

Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad".

The very first nature reserve Far East and one of the oldest reserves in Russia, formed to preserve and study undisturbed liana coniferous-deciduous forests, unique for Russia South Primorye characterized by a high proportion of rare and endemic species flora and fauna. The reserve and its environs is the only place in Russia where the Far Eastern leopard lives.

The most valuable are black fir-broad-leaved forests or black fir forests, the Far Eastern leopard, on Mount Chalban plants are common that are very rare in other places of the Far East - currant bloater, Komarov's currant. In the reserve, for the first time, a rocky primrose was found (on Mount Chalban) and species new to science were described - the Far Eastern violet and the Ussuri corydalis. The Kedrovaya River flows on the territory of the reserve - its length does not exceed 25 kilometers. It is she who is the ideal of a clean river for scientists all over the world.

National Park Samarskaya Luka.

The Samarskaya Luka National Park was created in 1984 by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, and is one of the first three national parks in Russia.

Samarskaya Luka is a unique area formed by the bend of the largest European river Volga in its middle course and the Usinsk Bay of the Kuibyshev reservoir. The Volga in this place makes a large arc facing east, and then turns to the southwest. Its length is more than 200 km. Highly elevated ancient carbonate rocks here form a semblance of an island.

There is an unusually high concentration of monuments of almost all cultures of the European forest-steppe known to science, from the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age to the present. There are about 200 natural and historical monuments on the territory of Samarskaya Luka. It is also rich in archaeological finds.

Smolenskoye Poozerye National Park.

The Smolenskoye Poozerye National Park was established on the territory of the Demidovsky and Dukhovshchinsky districts of the Smolensk region in 1992 “to preserve natural complexes for recreational, educational, scientific and cultural purposes. In November 2002, it was awarded the status of a biosphere reserve of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program. The name "Smolenskoye Poozerye" is due to 35 large and small glacial lakes located in the park. Each of these lakes is beautiful and unique in its own way.

By configuration, the territory of the park is almost a regular rhombus. The maximum distance from west to east is 55 km, from north to south - 50 km. The geographical center of the park is located in the area of ​​the village. Przhevalskoye. The total area of ​​the park within the boundaries approved by state acts is 146,237 hectares. The security zone is 500 m of territory adjacent to the border of the park.

National Park Curonian Spit.

The Curonian Spit National Park is located in the part of the Kaliningrad region bordering Lithuania on a narrow strip of land between the salty by the Baltic Sea and freshwater Curonian Lagoon. The northern borders of the park run along the Russian-Lithuanian border.

The natural uniqueness of the territory of the national park is that it is the largest sand bar in the world. The dune landscapes of the spit are distinguished by their exceptional beauty and aesthetic impact on humans and represent unique object for the development of ecological tourism.

The Curonian Spit was regarded as “an exceptional example of a landscape consisting of sand dunes and under constant threat from natural forces such as wind and water. After the destructive intervention of a man who threatened the existence of the spit, it was restored through stabilization and protection work begun in the 19th century and continuing to this day. The territory is currently curonian spit is officially under the protection of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.

Valdai National Park.

The Valdaisky National Park was established to preserve the unique lake-forest complex of the Valdai Upland and create conditions for the development of organized recreation in this area. The basis for the creation of the park was the unique combination and richness natural ingredients, the degree of their preservation and the possibility of maintaining ecological balance, the huge aesthetic impact of natural landscapes. A differentiated regime of special protection has been established on the territory of the park, taking into account its natural, historical and cultural features. In accordance with this, the following functional zones have been identified: reserved, specially protected, recreational, regulated use zone around lakes and rivers, as well as a visitor service zone.

Ilmensky reserve.

One of the oldest reserves in Russia, established in 1920 to preserve unique mineral deposits. Since 1935, it has been transformed into a complex reserve for the conservation and study of mineral wealth, flora and fauna of the eastern macroslope Southern Urals. In 1991, the Arkaim historical and archaeological branch (now the Stepnoe forestry) was attached to the reserve to preserve and study the unique monument of the early urban civilization of the Bronze Age - the Arkaim settlement and the archaeological complex in the Bolshekaraganskaya valley. The reserve is the only mineralogical reserve in the country and one of the few mineralogical reserves in the world.

A dozen of the most picturesque reserves out of hundreds of parks on the planet, protecting the most amazing natural treasures of the world from excessive human activity.

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world: Yellowstone, USA
The very first, most famous, highest geysers and the largest alpine lake in North America All of this is Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-altitude lakes in North America - located in the crater of the largest supervolcano on the continent.

Video TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world - Yellowstone

Plitvice Lakes, Croatia
Within the territory of the most beautiful reserve there are 16 large karst lakes, 140 waterfalls, 20 caves. Moreover, new waterfalls are born here every year.

A characteristic feature of the reserve is the color of the water. Pictures of the lakes look like a photomontage, but the water here is really azure.

Video TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world - Plitvice Lakes

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world: Snowdonia, UK
Unlike reserves in other countries, Snowdonia, like other national parks in England and Wales, includes both public and private lands.

Snowdonia has 2381 km of open hiking trails, 264 km of trails for walkers and horseback riders and 74 km of other open roads.

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world:Grand Canyon, USA
The Grand Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world. Located on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, USA, on the territory of the Grand Canyon National Park. It is cut by the Colorado River in the thickness of limestones, shales and sandstones. The length of the canyon is 446 kilometers. The width (at the level of the plateau) ranges from 6 to 29 kilometers, at the bottom level - less than a kilometer. Depth - up to 1600 meters.

The canyon was cut by the Colorado River in the thickness of limestone, shale and sandstone about 5-6 million years ago. These arguably the most complete geological outcrops in the world represent the history of the Earth over 1.5 billion years.

: Grand Canyon

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world:Serengeti, Tanzania
The name Serengeti, Tanzania's oldest and most popular game reserve, comes from the annual migration when six million hooves pass through the open plains - 200,000 zebras and 300,000 Thomson's gazelles join the antelope crossing in search of fresh pasture. And even at a time when migration subsides, the wildlife viewing opportunities in the Serengeti are the most magnificent: huge herds of buffalo, small groups of elephants and giraffes, thousands upon thousands of eland, topis, congas, impalas and Grani gazelles.

The main show in beautiful nature reserve in Tanzania- hunting predators.
Prides of golden-maned lions feast on the open spaces of flat pastures. Lonely leopards prowl between the acacias along the Seronera River, and many cheetahs roam the southeastern plains in search of prey. An almost unique case: all three species of African jackals are found here, along with spotted hyenas and a host of less visible small predators, from earthwolf insects to red servals.

Video TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world:Serengeti

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world: Fiordland, New Zealand
The largest park in New Zealand occupies most of the mountainous southwestern part of the South Island.

Here are the deepest lakes in New Zealand, and the mountains reach a height of 2746 meters. The park is known for its unique bird fauna, including the rare kea parrot, the kaka forest parrot or the green nestor, the owl parrot living in burrows, the best singer of the New Zealand forests is the Tui bird (shrub robin) and the takahe shepherd, until recently considered extinct and found only in one of the Fiordland valleys, as well as the symbol of the country - the flightless kiwi bird and the yellow-eyed penguin. Dolphins and fur seals are found in the waters off the coast. The exceptionally picturesque landscape of the coast, cut by deep fjords, to which mighty glaciers descend from the mountains, sometimes reaching a height of 300 m, gives a special flavor to the park.

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world: Iguazu, Argentina-Brazil
Iguazu is a whole water complex located on the river of the same name. The waterfalls are located on the border of Brazil and Argentina, the Devil's Throat waterfall separates the two countries - the largest of the entire complex.

Iguazu refers to 275 separate waterfalls. The height of the water fall of some reaches 82 meters, but most of the waterfalls are a little more than 60 meters. According to legend, after the first lady of the United States, Eleanor Roosevelt, first saw Iguazu, she exclaimed: "Poor Niagara!" A surprised woman can be easily understood: the Brazilian-Argentine waterfall is four times wider than the North American Niagara.

Video TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world: Iguazu

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world: Banff, Canada

Banff is the oldest Canadian national park, it was organized back in 1885. But, despite its status as an object world heritage UNESCO, Banff is a major tourist center with developed infrastructure. Here you can find everything that is associated with Canada: the extraordinary beauty of landscapes and the smell of firs, glaciers and hot springs, hiking trails and ski slopes.

The center of the reserve is the highest locality Canada, the city of Banff, located at an altitude of 1463 m above sea level.

Video TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world:banff

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world:Torres del Paine, Chile
The highest point of the park, located in the south of Chile, in Patagonia, is Mount Paine Grande, whose height is 3050 m.

The park is one of the most visited tourist sites in Chile. This world's most famous national park in Chile is located almost 3 hours from Puerto Natales. After all, there are glaciers, high mountains, lakes, forests, many animals and birds live here, and even orchids can be found among the flowers.

TOP 10 most beautiful nature reserves in the world:Tatras, Poland-Slovakia
More than a quarter of the national park is occupied by green areas and bare rocks. The flora of the Tatras is made up of more than a thousand species of plants, and the chamois can be called a living symbol of the park.

There are also deer, wild boars, roe deer, and also wolves, bears and lynxes in the park.

The African continent has the highest concentration of national parks on the planet. As of 2014, there are 335 national parks here. More than 1,100 species of mammals, 100,000 species of insects, 2,600 species of birds and 3,000 species of fish have found protection in them. In addition, there are hundreds of sanctuaries, forest, marine and national reserves, as well as nature parks.

The Black Continent is rich in diversity of habitats. Wet rainforests and the arid savannah plains of the Sahara desert are home to the most different types wildlife. Africa is home to many fascinating animals, including endangered ones. It is also considered as the place of origin of human civilization.

Serengeti National Park

Zebra migration in the Serengeti National Park. .

The Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is one of the oldest and most famous nature reserves in Africa. The park is famous for the annual migration of millions of wildebeests, hundreds of thousands of gazelles and zebras, as well as predators that hunt them. This is one of the most impressive natural spectacles in the world. The Great Migration, which spans 1,000 kilometers of the annual circular trek, passes through unique scenic spots with vast treeless expanses and spectacular gently sloping meadows dotted with exposed rocks and interspersed with rivers and forests. This park hosts one of the world's largest and most diversified predator-prey interaction populations.

Serengeti National Park covers an area of ​​12,950 square kilometers and is considered one of the least disturbed natural ecosystems on Earth.

Masai Mara National Reserve

Masai Mara - national reserve located in Kenya's Narok district. It borders the Serengeti National Park, and was named after the Masai people who inhabited these regions. It is famous for its exceptional population of lions, leopards, and cheetahs, as well as the annual migration of zebras, Thomson's gazelles, and wildebeest, which make their way to this place every year from July to October from the Serengeti. The event is known as the "great migration".

Masai Mara occupies a relatively small area, but here you can observe an amazing concentration of wildlife. The park is home to 95 species of mammals, amphibians, reptiles and over 400 bird species. The Big Five (buffaloes, elephants, leopards, lions and rhinos) abound throughout the park. Leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, giraffes, wildebeest, swamps, baboons, warthogs, buffaloes, zebras, elephants, hippos and crocodiles converge at the Mara River.

An aerial view of a wildebeest herd following several leading zebras in the Masai Mara.

bwindi national park

Bwindi National Park is located in southwestern Uganda in East Africa. It occupies 331 square kilometers of jungle and, as the name suggests, you can only get to this place on foot. located on eastern edge Rift Valley Albertine, the park has a rich ecosystem and may largest number tree species in East Africa. It also hosts a diverse fauna including a number of endemic butterflies and one of the richest concentrations of mammals in Africa.

Bwindi is home to almost half of the world's mountain gorilla population, which, unfortunately, has only 340 individuals.

mountain gorilla in national park Bwindi.

Amboseli National Park

Amboseli National Park is one of the most popular parks in Kenya. It is located in the south of the country, on the border with Tanzania. The park offers one of the most classic and breathtaking views of Mount Kilimanjaro, with its 5,985-meter peak towering over the plains. Amboseli attracts visitors primarily because of its huge herds of elephants, although the park is also inhabited by many predators such as lions, cheetahs and leopards.

Elephant crosses dirt road in Amboseli National Park. Mount Kilimanjaro is visible in the background.

Kruger National Park

Kruger National Park is one of the largest game reserves in Africa and one of the largest national parks in the world. Its area is 19,485 square kilometers. It is also the first national park in South Africa, which was opened in 1926, although the territory of the park has been protected by the state since 1898.

The Kruger National Park has more species large mammals than any other African reserve, including representatives of the "big five" - ​​lions, leopards, elephants, rhinos and buffaloes.

Chobe National Park

Chobe National Park is located in the northwestern part of Botswana, near the border of Zambia, Zimbabwe and Namibia. It is famous for its amazing population of elephants. Experts estimate that 50,000 of these large animals live here, perhaps the highest concentration of elephants in Africa. Best time to visit Chobe falls during the dry season from April to October, when the reservoirs dry up and the animals gather near the river bank, where they are easy to spot.

Baby elephant on the banks of the Chobe River in the national park of the same name.

Etosha National Park

Etosha National Park is located in northwestern Namibia and covers an area of ​​22,270 square kilometers. It takes its name from the silvery-white salt crystals that cover the large panoramas that cover almost a quarter of Etosha's territory. The park is home to hundreds of species of mammals, birds and reptiles, including several rare and endangered species such as black rhinos.

The Etosha salt marsh covers an area of ​​4,800 square kilometers and formed 16,000 years ago. .

Central Kalahari National Game Reserve

The Kalahari Game Reserve covers an area of ​​52,800 km² in the Kalahari Desert of Botswana. It is about twice the size of Massachusetts, making it the second largest nature reserve in the world. Its territory is characterized by vast open plains, salt lakes and ancient riverbeds. The land is mostly flat and slightly undulating, covered with shrubs and grass, but also includes sand dunes and areas with large trees.

The park is home to wildlife species such as giraffe, brown hyena, warthog, cheetah, wild dog, leopard, lion, blue wildebeest, eland, gemsbok, kudu and red hartebeest.

The Bushmen have inhabited the Kalahari for thousands of years since the Stone Age. They still live here and move around the territory as nomadic hunters.

Bushmen in the Kalahari.

Nechysar National Park

The Nechisar National Park occupies only 514 sq. km., located on the excellent picturesque part of the Rift Valley between two lakes. The park in the east borders on the Amaro mountains, which rise up to 2000 m, and in the north - on Abaya Lake with eternally red waters (1070 sq. Km.). In the south - with a small transparent lake Chamo with an area of ​​350 km. To the east is the city of Arba Minch.

From a certain distance, the plains in the center seem white, from which the name Nechisar or "white grass" came.

Nechisar National Park is considered an important habitat for bird populations, especially migratory ones. Kingfishers, storks, pelicans, flamingos and fish eagles huddle in it.

Ngorongoro Game Reserve

Ngorongoro is located in northwestern Tanzania. In fact, these are the remains of the old Ngorongoro volcano, which collapsed and formed a crater. Its steep slopes have become a natural enclosure for a wide variety of wild animals that live here. On the plains beyond the crater, the Maasai people herd their cattle, seemingly oblivious to the herds of wild animals that fill the vast landscape. This area is also important in tracing the origin of man, as some of the earliest human remains and traces of human activity dating back to 3.5 million years have been found here.