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Description of the presentation on individual slides:
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Project leader: V.P. Vishnivetskaya, Teacher, MBOU "Secondary School No. 88 with cadet classes"
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Perennial plants with creeping and rooting stems. Distribution: Occurs on the border of the Altai and Soloneshensky regions (Pleshivaya). Number. Two localities of the species are known in the region. The population size is insignificant and does not exceed 100 specimens (Data of 2005)
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Apparently, a species that has disappeared from the territory of the region. A perennial plant 10–15 cm tall. The rhizome is soddy. The leaves are numerous, linear-lanceolate, simple-pinnate, not hibernating. The petiole is green and reddish-brown only at the base. Distribution: Only one locality of the species is known from the valley of the river. Belaya (collected by M.P. Tomina, 1910), and the species has not been collected by anyone else until now
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Rare view. Perennial plant 5–20 cm tall. Leaves (fronds) are divided into sterile and spore-bearing parts. The sterile part is thick, rigid, sessile, extending almost from the middle of the petiole, oblong, rounded at the end, simply pinnately dissected into 1–8 pairs of alternating reniform-rhombic or semilunar segments, entire marginal or bluntly serrated. Nine localities of the species are known on the territory of the region. The number of populations is from 1000 to 5000 specimens.
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Rare view. Perennial plant 5–15 cm tall. Petioles b. or m. are equal to the plate, reddish-brown, shiny, naked. Sterile leaves (fronds) are membranous, translucent, glabrous, oblong-ovate or oval-oblong, doubly pinnate. Number. Three localities of the species are known in the region. The number of populations is up to 500 ind. The largest population of the species is located in the upper reaches of the river. Sentelek and has about 150 individuals
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Rare view. Perennial plant 10–40 cm tall. Rhizome thin, creeping. The petioles are equal to or longer than the blade. Leaf blades (vai) are triangular or triangular-oval, thrice or four times pinnate, below with sparse hairs and glands. Number. Two localities of the species are known in the region. The number of populations is up to 500 ind. The largest population of the species is located in the valley of the river. Shinok and has about 350 individuals
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The thallus is large (10–25 cm), broadly lobed, deeply carved. The lobes are irregularly dichotomously branched with pitted-tipped tips. The upper surface is gray-greenish to brownish, bright green when wet, shiny, clearly reticulate-ribbed along the edges and ribs with whitish-gray sorals, often germinating rod-shaped to spatula-shaped isidia. Lower surface with reticulate pattern: yellowish in convex areas and brownish pubescent in grooves between them. Number. 25 localities of the species are known on the territory of the region. In the river valley About 1000 thalli more than 3 cm in diameter were found growing on 148 trees.
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A vulnerable species with a disjunctive range. Perennial stemless plant, glabrous with a branched rhizome. The leaves are basal, petiolate, ovate, narrowed upwards, fairly deep along the edges, up to about one third of the leaf blade, pinnately incised into long linear-oblong teeth. Pedicels erect, longer than leaves, 4–6 cm. Corolla purple, paler at base with whitish spur, 4–5 mm long. One locality of the species is known on the territory of the region. The number has not been studied, since it was not possible to make repeated collections from the territory of the region, and the one found by I.M. Krasno-borovoye location is currently located within the resort of Belokurikha
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Disappearing view. Perennial low (5–20 cm tall) plant with a powerful many-headed woody root; stems numerous, spreading. The leaves are paired on petioles with white membranous stipules. Leaflets, 2–5 pairs, elliptic or obovate, 4–10 mm long, 2–5 mm wide, thickish, glabrous; flowers in leaf axils, 1 per pedicel, 6–12 mm long, sepals elliptical obtuse, petals spatulate, 1.5 times longer than calyx, rounded above, orange, stamens 10. Stamen scales oblong, fringed orange-red along the edge; capsules are spherical or ovate-spherical, with wide membranous wings, 15–35 mm in diameter. One locality of the species is known on the territory of the region. The population of the parnolistny pinnate is very small - it has 11 individuals.
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Rare view. The bulbs are severally seated on an ascending rhizome, cylindrical-conical, 1–1.2 cm in diameter, 6–8 cm long, with brown reticulate membranes. Stem 20–30 cm tall, round, smooth, 1/3 sometimes 1/2 of the height dressed with smooth leaf sheaths. Leaves 2–4 in number, 2–3 mm wide, linear, flat, rough along the edge, obtuse, slightly shorter than the stem. The sheath is shortly pointed, approximately equal to an umbrella. Umbrella hemispherical or rarely almost spherical, many-flowered, dense, capitate, 1.5–2 cm in diameter. Pedicels equal to each other, shorter than the perianth, with bracts at the base. Tepals are pink-purple, with a dark vein, shiny, 5–6 mm long, inner oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, outer almost boat-shaped, slightly shorter than the inner ones. The filaments of the stamens are slightly longer than the tepals, the outer ones are styloid, the inner ones are expanded at the base, they have one short tooth on each side. Style 1.5 times longer than tepals, stigma not thickened. Number. Two localities of the species are known in the territory of the region.
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A rare species on the border of the range. Rhizome perennial, 10–30 cm tall. Flowers solitary, large, up to 25 mm in diameter. The petals are bright pink, the corolla is 5-8-petaled. Number. Two localities of the species are known in the region. It occurs in small groups - more than 4-6 individuals on an area of about 10-15 m2. The estimated abundance of the species in the Altai Territory is up to 500 specimens.
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Rare view. Polycarpic short-rhizome herb 10–30 cm high, with ascending, rarely erect stems, glabrous or sparsely hairy in the upper part. Leaves pinnately compound, leaflets 7–20 mm long, 3–8 mm wide. The flowers are pale yellow, purple after flowering, collected 2-4 (5) in umbrellas in the axils of the leaves. Pods 2.5–3.5 cm long, linear, cylindrical. Reproduction by seeds. Curtain-forming polyph Number. Nine localities of the species are known on the territory of the region. The number of populations is from 500 to 1000 ind. it.
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Vulnerable look. An aquatic annual plant with a thin branched stem up to 1 m long. and more, retaining last year's fruit at its lower end. The leaves are opposite, submerged - linear, falling off early. Floating leaves are long-petiolate, ovate-rhombic, rigid, serrated in the upper half, entire in the lower half, 2.5–4 cm long. and 3–5 cm wide. The fruit is hard, nut-shaped, about 3 cm long. And 3.5–5 cm wide, four-horned, sometimes 2 horns are less developed than the others. Six localities of the species are known on the territory of the region. The number of populations is more than 10,000 ind. The largest populations of the species are located on the lake. Kolyvanskoye (about 5000 copies) and lake. Kanonerskoye, numbering about 2000 copies.
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A rare species with a disjunctive range. Polycarpic short-rhizome grass 25–45 cm high, stems and petioles of leaves are pubescent with simple hairs with an admixture of glandular ones. Stems are numerous, rarely solitary, usually reddening, branching in the upper part. Basal and lower stem leaves are pinnate with 2 (3) pairs of leaflets, the upper pair with the terminal leaflet is larger than the others. The flowers are white, 15–25 mm in diameter, collected in loose dichasia. Nuts are wrinkled. Number. Eight localities of the species are known on the territory of the region. The total number of populations of the species is from 1000 to 2000 ind.
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Perennial densely soddy plant 10–15 cm tall. Stems numerous, with capitate glands and 1–5 flowers per inflorescence. Basal leaves are collected in rosettes, blades are 1/3 - 2/3 tripartite, with linear lobes, wedge-shaped narrowed into a wedge-shaped petiole, along the edges and on the surface with sparse glandular, usually capitate hairs, 1-3 stem hairs, alternately spaced, small, simple, linear, sometimes with 1–2 teeth or three-dissected. Bracts are small, lanceolate or dissected to the base into 2 (3) lobes. The hypanthium is green, campanulate or cup-shaped, with glandular pubescence. Sepals as long as hypanthium or shorter than it, on the surface and especially along the edges with glandular hairs. Petals elliptical, greenish-white, almost clawless, 2–3 times as long as sepals, 4.5–6 mm long. The stamens are half as long as the petals, with yellow or purple anthers and subulate filaments. Ovary semi-inferior, ovate, with large stigmas. Flowering in June-July, fruiting in August
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But unfortunately, we did not meet. Protect the environment! Learn more about these and other plants.
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The Altai Mountains are located in the very center of Asia on the territory of four states at once: Russia, Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia. Altai is usually called the Russian part of the mountain system.
Altai - unique place. At the junction natural areas, in the very center of the mainland, at an equal distance from the Pacific, Indian and Arctic Oceans, nature has created an amazing land of blue lakes, high cliffs, impenetrable taiga, dry steppes and vast and rich meadows. Here the Russian Old Believers have long been mixed with the culture of Asia, Genghis Khan's cavalry galloped here, and the pioneers were looking for a way to the mysterious Shambhala. Altai is a kind of mix of Asian flavor and the Slavic world, archaic and modern "in one bottle".
The nature of Altai is just as unique. Most of the territory is occupied by mountains, completely rugged river valleys and intermountain pits. There are over 200 thousand rivers and lakes in Altai, and most of them are mountain rivers- With the purest water, strong currents, steep rapids and strong drops.
The entire territory of the Altai Territory occupies a little more than 167 thousand square meters. km. And in such a relatively small space, 6 natural zones are represented at once: tundra, forest, steppe, semi-desert, subalpine and alpine zones.
In 2002, 5 natural objects in Altai were immediately included in world list natural heritage UNESCO.
Flora of Altai
The peculiarity of the plant world of Altai is due to the eccentricity of the relief, special climatic conditions and features historical development. Almost all plants characteristic of northern and central Asia and the European part of Russia are represented here.
One of the most famous wonders of Altai is ribbon pine forests. There is no such natural formation anywhere else in the world. Five years of pine forests stretch parallel to each other from the Ob to the Irtysh. Biologists explain the amazing arrangement of plants by the fact that in the prehistoric era, most of the Altai was occupied by the sea. Over time, the waters of the sea flowed towards the Aral Basin. And along the way, at the place where the hollows formed, pines began to grow.
The second miracle of Altai is the black taiga. Here the pines grow next to the firs, and the mighty Siberian cedars surrounded by curly birches. Very common deciduous forests. Altai larch is highly valued in construction.
And a huge number of shrubs: raspberries and viburnum, blueberries and currants, mountain ash and bird cherry. In spring, the slopes of the mountains look very picturesque. Here and there thickets of honeysuckle and blueberries stretch like a solid carpet, evergreen maral spreads in raspberry-purple paths. Dunarian rhododendrons and Siberian wild rosemary, cinquefoil and juicy sea buckthorn grow here.
The flat part of Altai is replete with tall grasses. Often there are pegs - small groves where aspens, birches, poplars and maples grow. And how many flowers are here! Sky blue bells and sapphire tulips, orange lights and white daisies, sunny yellow buttercups and colorful carnations. Not surprisingly, Altai honey is considered the most delicious in Russia.
In total, there are over two thousand plant species in the Altai Republic, of which 144 are listed in the Red Book.
Animal world of Altai
The richness of the Altai fauna is also explained by the diversity of the landscape. High in the mountains, golden eagles live, for which mice, ground squirrels and marmots serve as prey.
In the taiga Altai regions there are formidable wolverines and brown bears, huge elks and predatory lynxes, fluffy ermines and funny chipmunks. Squirrels fly from tree to tree, moles and hares dig holes under the trees. And in the most windbreak places, the most valuable Altai animal, the sable, is hidden.
There are foxes on the plains. Often there are wolves. But most of all jerboas, hamsters and several types of ground squirrels.
Altai reservoirs are favorite habitats for muskrats and beavers. A huge number of birds also live here: ducks and snipes, teals and gray geese, cranes and gulls. During flights, swans and northern geese stop in the swamps and lakes of Altai.
But there are few reptiles in Altai. The muzzle is considered the most poisonous, and the largest is the patterned snake, reaching a length of 1 meter. There are unusual viviparous lizards, a lot of vipers - steppe and common.
Lakes and rivers are famous for their abundance of fish. Perch, minnow and ruff are caught in the rivers. The most important river of Altai is the Ob, where pike perch, sterlet and bream are found. And on the Altai lakes they get a good catch of pike and perch.
Climate in Altai
The climate of Altai is distinguished by its diversity and contrast. Yes, in northern regions summers are warm and dry, and winters are mild and with little snow. But in the mountains, summers are hotter, and winters are more severe.
The coldest point of Altai is the Chuya steppe. The average winter temperature is minus 32ºC. The absolute minimum - 62 degrees below zero - was also recorded here. Cold regions also include the Ukok plateau and the Kurai basin.
Winter frosts set in late November. And the snow lies until mid-April. Then a short and stormy spring gives way warm summer. Moreover, in the flat part, summer is hotter and drier. Already at the end of August, it is time for leaf fall and cool winds. Autumn by the beginning of September fully comes into its own.
But Chemal, Kyzyl-ozek, Bele and Yailu are considered warm regions of Altai. In winter, the temperature rarely drops below minus 10ºC. This is explained by the fact that these areas are located near Lake Teletskoye and dry and warm winds often blow here.
The flora of the Altai Territory is rich and varied. The vegetation here was influenced by the geological history of the development of the territory, and the climate, and a peculiar relief. Almost all types of vegetation of northern and central Asia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and the European part of Russia are found in Altai.
The land is famous for its abundant thickets useful shrub sea buckthorn, which gives berries from which valuable medicine sea buckthorn oil. Grow along the banks of reservoirs, in floodplains of rivers and streams, on pebbles and sandy soils of reservoirs
Valerian (valerian) is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant with small flowers collected in inflorescences. It is also called: maun pharmacy, cat root, forty inflow grass. The herbaceous plant grows in most of Russia.
Dandelion has long been given great importance as a source of "vital elixir". And this is not surprising, if you know about its rare tonic properties. This plant was widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, as well as in folk cooking for the preparation of cold and hot dishes, as well as a drink reminiscent of coffee in taste. Dandelion has long been given great importance as a source of "vital elixir". And this is not surprising, if you know about its rare tonic properties. This plant was widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, as well as in folk cooking for the preparation of cold and hot dishes, as well as a drink reminiscent of coffee in taste.
Maryin root, or, as it is also called, evading peony. This plant grows mainly in the Siberian taiga. Maryin root is not only very beautiful ornamental plant but extremely useful. The people called the plant zhgun-grass because of the burning taste of its healing rhizomes. Unfortunately, due to the massive collection of this plant, its distribution in nature has significantly decreased, so the plant was listed in the Red Book. In medicine, underground and aboveground parts are used to prepare tinctures, which are prescribed as a sedative for insomnia, disorders nervous system
Spring adonis is also called: spring adonis, hare poppy, hare grass - perennial herbaceous plant with a short root. It is distributed in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, grows on chernozem soils on dry hillsides, forest glades, forest edges and among bushes. Adonis spring is grown both as a medicinal and ornamental plant.
Licorice is a perennial herbaceous plant of the legume family with a powerful root system. Forms large thickets on solonetsous steppes and on the banks of steppe rivers, on sands, as well as on the fields of the steppe and semi-desert zone. Licorice root is used to make medicines also in brewing confectionery, cooking and for technical purposes.
There are many on the planet medicinal plants, but nettles can be called a real leader who has received universal recognition. This is a truly unique herb, it is used in different areas human life. So, in the past, threads, ropes, fishing nets were made from bast fibers obtained from nettles, and very durable fabrics were also made. In the 19th century, Europeans filtered honey through a nettle sieve and sifted flour.
Target: To form the ability to recognize and correctly name medicinal herbs.
Vocabulary work: infusion, decoction, medicinal plants
Preliminary work: a conversation about medicinal herbs, an excursion to the phyto-garden and the collection of medicinal herbs. Learning poems, riddles.
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Medicinal plants of the Altai Territory
Target: To form the ability to recognize and correctly name medicinal herbs.
Vocabulary work:infusion, decoction, medicinal plants
Preliminary work:a conversation about medicinal herbs, an excursion to the phyto-garden and the collection of medicinal herbs. Learning poems, riddles.
Lesson progress
Children sit on chairs.
Educator: Hello guys! I walked through the fields and meadows. I collected a lot of medicinal plants, but I don’t know what they are called. Help me.
Grow in the meadow: chamomile(Slide 1)
Horse sorrel, (Slide 2) clover-porridge, (Slide 3)
Burdock, (Slide 4) knotweed (Slide 5) and bluebell, (Slide 6)
Dandelion, (Slide 7) lily of the valley-tail (Slide 8)
What else?
Plantain, (Slide 9) cornflowers, (Slide 10)
Nettle, (Slide 11) mint, (Slide 12) marigolds. (Slide 13)
Many more herbs
By the paths, by the ditches.
Both beautiful and fluffy!
Multicolored and fragrant.
Guys, let's play the game "Find out and tell." The teacher turns on the multimedia projector, and the children name the plant and talk about it according to the description algorithm.
The educator supplements the answers of the children, clarifies for what diseases this or that plant is used. For example: a decoction of chamomile or calendula gargle with sore throat; plantain leaves are applied to the wound; soothing tea is brewed from mint. Burdock roots are brewed, and then the head is washed with a decoction in case of hair loss.
Doctor Pilyulkin appears:Hello guys! And what are you doing here? (Answers of children). What good fellows! Do you know how to collect medicinal herbs correctly? (Children answer, and Pilyulkin supplements their answers).
Firstly: you need to be careful with medicinal herbs when you collect them, do not uproot, do not knock down flowers. We need to take care of nature.
Secondly: during the collection of plants, you can not touch your face with your hands and take your hands to your mouth, taste the leaves or roots of plants. Be sure to wash your hands with soap after collection.
Thirdly: collected herbs must be dried, protecting from direct sun rays and store in bags or boxes in well-ventilated areas so that they retain their medicinal properties.
Are you tired of sitting? Let's have a gym session and play.
Repeat after me.
In the field I walk, I raise my legs (walking in place with a high knee lift)
I'll lean closer to the flowers
I see all their beauty
Delicate wonderful fragrance
I'm happy to feel too! (bend over, take a few breaths with your nose)
I won’t pick flowers (straighten head turns to the right - to the left)
