Russian electromagnetic weapons. Pulse rifle: types, classification, description, firing modes, application Electronic bomb - a fantastic weapon of Russia

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Used directly to hit the target.

In the first case, the magnetic field is used as an alternative to explosives in firearms. In the second, the possibility of inducing high voltage currents and disabling electrical and electronic equipment as a result of the resulting overvoltage, or causing pain effects or other effects in humans, is used. Weapons of the second type are positioned as safe for people and serve to disable enemy equipment or render enemy manpower incapacitated; belongs to the category of non-lethal weapons.

The French shipbuilding company DCNS is developing the Advansea program, during which it is planned to create a fully electrified combat surface ship with laser and electromagnetic weapons by 2025.

Classification

Electromagnetic weapons are classified according to the following criteria:

the use of a projectile or the direct use of energy to hit a target for the second type
lethality of exposure to humans
orientation to defeat manpower or equipment

Hitting the target with radiation

microwave gun
An electromagnetic bomb using UVI, VMMG, or PGCh in the warhead.

Links

Heavy-duty electromagnetic gun tested, cnews.ru, 01.02.08

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Mengden, Georg von
Miami

See what "Electromagnetic weapon" is in other dictionaries:

ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS- (microwave weapon), a powerful electronic pulse that covers an area within a radius of 50 km from the center of application. Penetrates inside buildings through seams and cracks in the finish. Damages key elements electrical circuits, bringing the whole system to ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS- ELECTROMAGNETIC (MICROWAVE) WEAPON A powerful electronic pulse that covers an area within a radius of 50 km from the center of application. Penetrates inside buildings through seams and cracks in the finish. Damages key elements of electrical circuits, causing the entire ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS- a weapon that affects the horn is a powerful, usually pulsed, flow of e-mail. magn. radio frequency waves (see Microwave weapons), coherent optical. (cm. laser weapons) and incoherent optical. (cm.… … Encyclopedia of the Strategic Missile Forces

Directed Energy Weapon- (eng. Directed energy weapon, DEW) a weapon that radiates energy in a given direction without the use of wires, darts and other conductors, to achieve a lethal or non-lethal effect. This type of weapon exists, but ... ... Wikipedia

non-lethal weapon- Weapons of non-lethal (non-lethal) action (OND), conditionally called “humane” in the media, these weapons are designed to destroy equipment, as well as temporarily incapacitate enemy manpower, without causing ... ... Wikipedia

Weapons based on new physical principles- (non-traditional weapons) new types of weapons, the damaging effect of which is based on processes and phenomena that were not previously used in weapons. By the end of the 20th century genetic weapons were in various stages of research and development, ... ...

Weapons of non-lethal action- (non-lethal) special types of weapons capable of briefly or for a long time depriving the enemy of the ability to conduct fighting without inflicting irretrievable losses on him. Intended for those cases when the use of conventional weapons, ... ... Emergencies Dictionary

NON-LETHAL WEAPONS- special types of weapons capable of briefly or for a long time depriving the enemy of the opportunity to conduct combat operations without inflicting irretrievable losses on him. It is intended for those cases when the use of conventional weapons, and even more so ... ... Legal Encyclopedia

Weapon- This term has other meanings, see Weapon ... Wikipedia

When people talk about electromagnetic weapons, they most often mean the disabling of electrical and electronic equipment by pointing at it. electromagnetic impulses(AMY). Indeed, currents and voltages resulting from a powerful impulse in electronic circuits lead to its failure. And the greater its power, the greater the distance any "signs of civilization" become worthless.

One of the most powerful sources of EMP is nuclear weapons. For example, American nuclear test in the Pacific Ocean in 1958 caused Hawaiian Islands disruption of radio and television broadcasts and power outages, and in Australia, disruption of radio navigation for 18 hours. In 1962, when at an altitude of 400 km. the Americans blew up a 1.9 Mt charge - 9 satellites “died”, radio communication was lost for a long time over a vast area Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the electromagnetic pulse is one of the damaging factors of nuclear weapons.

But nuclear weapons are applicable only in a global conflict, and EMP capabilities are very useful in more applied military affairs. Therefore, non-nuclear means EMP damage began to be designed almost immediately after nuclear weapons.

Of course, EMP generators have been around for a long time. But creating a sufficiently powerful (and therefore "long-range") generator is not so easy technically. After all, in fact, it is a device that converts electrical or other energy into high-power electromagnetic radiation. And if a nuclear weapon has no problems with primary energy, then if electricity is used together with power sources (voltage), it will be more of a structure than a weapon. Unlike a nuclear weapon, delivering it "at the right time, to the right place" is more problematic.

And in the early 90s, reports began to appear about non-nuclear "electromagnetic bombs" (E-Bomb). As always, the source was the Western press, and the reason was the 1991 American operation against Iraq. The "new secret superweapon" was indeed used to suppress and disable Iraqi air defense and communications systems.

However, Academician Andrei Sakharov offered such weapons in our country back in the 1950s (even before he became a "peacemaker"). By the way, at the top of his creative activity (which does not fall on the period of dissidence, as many people think), he had a lot of original ideas. For example, during the war years, he was one of the creators of an original and reliable device for testing armor-piercing cores at a cartridge factory.

And in the early 1950s, he proposed to “wash away” the US east coast with a wave of a giant tsunami, which could be initiated by a series of powerful sea nuclear explosions at a considerable distance from the coast. True, the command of the Navy, having seen the "nuclear torpedo" made for this purpose, flatly refused to accept it for service for reasons of humanism - and even yelled at the scientist with a multi-deck fotian obscenity. Compared to this idea electromagnetic bomb- really "humane weapon".

In the non-nuclear munition proposed by Sakharov, a powerful EMP was formed as a result of compression magnetic field solenoid explosion conventional explosive. Thanks to high density chemical energy in the explosive, this eliminated the need to use a source of electrical energy to convert into EMP. In addition, in this way it was possible to obtain a powerful EMP. True, this also made the device disposable, since it was destroyed by the initiating explosion. In our country, this type of device began to be called an explosive magnetic generator (EMG).

Actually, the Americans and the British came up with the same idea in the late 70s, as a result of which ammunition appeared that was tested in a combat situation in 1991. So there is nothing "new" and "super secret" in this type of technology.

We (a Soviet Union occupied leading positions in the field of physical research) such devices were used in purely peaceful scientific and technological fields - such as energy transportation, charged particle acceleration, plasma heating, laser pumping, high-resolution radar, material modification, etc. Of course, there were research and in the direction of military application. Initially, VMGs were used in nuclear munitions for neutron detonation systems. But there were also ideas for using the "Sakharov generator" as an independent weapon.

But before talking about the use of EMP weapons, it should be said that the Soviet Army was preparing to fight in the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons. That is, under the conditions acting on the technique damaging factor AMY. Therefore, all military equipment was developed taking into account protection against this damaging factor. The methods are different - starting from the simplest shielding and grounding of metal cases of equipment and ending with the use of special safety devices, arresters and equipment architecture resistant to EMI.

So to say that there is no protection from this "wonder weapon" is also not worth it. And the range of EMP ammunition is not as large as in the American press - radiation propagates in all directions from the charge, and its power density decreases in proportion to the square of the distance. Accordingly, the impact also decreases. Of course, it is difficult to protect equipment near the point of detonation. But there is no need to talk about an effective impact on kilometers - for sufficiently powerful ammunition it will be tens of meters (which, however, is larger than the impact zone of high-explosive ammunition of a similar size). Here the advantage of such a weapon - it does not require a point hit - turns into a disadvantage.

Since the time of the Sakharov generator, such devices have been constantly improved. Many organizations were engaged in their development: Institute high temperatures Academy of Sciences of the USSR, TsNIIKhM, MVTU, VNIIEF and many others. The devices have become compact enough to become combat units of weapons (from tactical missiles and artillery shells to sabotage weapons). Improved their characteristics. In addition to explosives, rocket fuel began to be used as a source of primary energy. VMGs began to be used as one of the cascades for pumping microwave generators. Despite the limited ability to hit targets, these weapons occupy an intermediate position between fire weapons and electronic countermeasures (which, in fact, are also electromagnetic weapons).

Little is known about specific examples. For example, Alexander Borisovich Prishchepenko describes successful experiments in disrupting an attack anti-ship missiles P-15 with the help of undermining compact VMGs at distances up to 30 meters from the rocket. This is, rather, a means of EMP protection. He also describes the "blinding" of the magnetic fuses of anti-tank mines, which, being at a distance of up to 50 meters from the place where the VMG was detonated, stopped working for a significant time.

As EMP ammunition, not only "bombs" were tested - rocket-propelled grenades to blind complexes active protection(KAZ) tanks! The RPG-30 anti-tank grenade launcher has two barrels: one main, the other of small diameter. A 42 mm Atropus rocket equipped with an electromagnetic warhead is fired in the direction of the tank a little earlier than the HEAT grenade. Having blinded KAZ, she allows the latter to calmly fly past the “thinking” protection.

A little digression, I will say that this is a fairly relevant direction. We came up with KAZ (“Drozd” was also installed on the T-55AD). Later, "Arena" and the Ukrainian "Barrier" appeared. By scanning the space surrounding the vehicle (usually in the millimeter range), they shoot small submunitions in the direction of incoming anti-tank grenades, missiles, and even shells that can change their trajectory or lead to premature detonation. With an eye on our developments, such complexes also began to appear in the West, in Israel and Southeast Asia: Trophy, Iron Fist, EFA, KAPS, LEDS-150, AMAP ADS, "CICS", "SLID" and others. Now they are getting the widest distribution and are beginning to be regularly installed not only on tanks, but even on light armored vehicles. Countering them becomes an integral part of the fight against armored vehicles and protected objects. And compact electromagnetic means are suitable for this purpose as well as possible.

But back to electromagnetic weapons. In addition to explosive magnetic devices, there are directional and omnidirectional EMP emitters that use various antenna devices as the radiating part. These are no longer disposable devices. They can be used over a considerable distance. They are divided into stationary, mobile and compact portable. Powerful stationary high-energy EMP emitters require the construction of special facilities, high-voltage generator sets, and large antenna devices. But their possibilities are very significant. Mobile emitters of ultrashort electromagnetic radiation with a maximum repetition rate of up to 1 kHz can be placed in vans or trailers. They also have a considerable range and sufficient power for their tasks. Portable devices are most commonly used for a variety of security, communications, reconnaissance, and explosives missions over short distances.

The capabilities of domestic mobile installations can be judged by the export version of the Ranets-E complex presented at the LIMA-2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, provides a guaranteed defeat of ground target electronics, an aircraft or guided munition at ranges up to 14 kilometers and disturbances in its operation at a distance of up to 40 km.

From unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - "Sniper-M", "I-140/64" and "Gigawatt", made on the basis of car trailers. They, in particular, are used to develop means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from EMP damage.

A little more needs to be said about electronic countermeasures. Moreover, they also belong to radio frequency electromagnetic weapons. This is so as not to create the impression that we are somehow unable to deal with precision weapons and "omnipotent drones and combat robots." All these fashionable and expensive things have a very vulnerable spot- electronics. Even relatively simple means capable of reliably blocking GPS signals and radio fuses, without which these systems cannot do.

VNII "Gradient" serially produces a station for jamming radio fuses of shells and missiles SPR-2 "Mercury-B", made on the basis of armored personnel carriers and regularly in service. Similar devices are produced by Minsk "KB RADAR". And since radio fuses are now equipped with up to 80% of Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets and almost all high-precision munitions - these fairly simple means make it possible to protect troops from defeat, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

Now an export version of a more powerful GPS jamming system and weapon control channels is being prepared. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It was built on a modular principle, which allows you to vary the areas and objects of protection. When it is shown, every self-respecting Bedouin will be able to protect their settlement from "high-precision methods of democratization."

Well, returning to the new physical principles of weapons, one cannot help but recall the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute. Ioffe. Investigating the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the earth on air objects (targets), the specialists of these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation flows from several sources. Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent huge dynamic overloads and were destroyed.

The coordinated work of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focus point, that is, to retarget at a tremendous speed or to accompany objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even on warheads of ICBMs. In fact, this is not even a microwave weapon, but combat plasmoids.

Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors submitted a draft air defense / missile defense system based on these principles to the state for consideration, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed a joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project (thank God!) did not take place, perhaps this is what prompted the Americans to create the HAARP (High freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) complex in Alaska.

The studies carried out on it since 1997 are declaratively "purely peaceful". However, I personally do not see any civil logic in the studies of the impact of microwave radiation on the Earth's ionosphere and air objects. One can only hope for the traditional failed history of large-scale projects for Americans.

Well, we should be glad that traditionally strong positions in the region fundamental research, the interest of the state in weapons based on new physical principles has increased. Programs on it are now a priority.

Today, it does not cause as many discussions as electromagnetic weapons. There are even two camps in the world, which by this term mean different objects. Representatives of the first are confident that electromagnetic weapons have a huge potential for development and power, possibly exceeding the power of nuclear weapons. Representatives of the second state that it is not worth making a Hollywood fable out of electromagnetic weapons - a weapon that is undoubtedly promising, but is not capable of de-energizing an entire city and paralyzing the power system of a military base.

Academician Fortov refers himself to the first camp and claims that a full-fledged electromagnetic weapon already exists. In his opinion, the future belongs to electromagnetic weapons, because they are able to disable electronics at a great distance from the point of radiation. The academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences himself is inclined to classify electromagnetic weapons as strategic, since they are capable of exerting an active influence during a serious operation. Vladimir Fortov sees the development of electromagnetic weapons in two main directions. The first direction is connected with microelectronics. Modern man cannot imagine its existence without mobile devices. The modernization of the army also means equipping the troops with state-of-the-art microelectronic sensors, guidance systems and tracking equipment. One can imagine what would happen if, with the help of a preventive electromagnetic pulse, the missile guidance system of a modern bomber was disabled or its global positioning system was disabled.

The second direction, according to Vladimir Fortov, is the development of large capacities contained in a very limited volume. None of the filters that exist today is capable of blocking a powerful impulse, a billion-watt value, which will be able to pose an almost insoluble task for modern energy.

The words of the academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences can be taken as fantasy and associated with an overly played out fantasy, but for example, the situation that arose in the world shortly before the appearance of nuclear weapons is quite appropriate here. At that time, there were many people in the world who ridiculed the fact of the possible existence of nuclear bomb, destroying all life within a radius of several kilometers around. However, Hiroshima has become eloquent proof of the lethal power of the "non-peaceful" atom.

Proponents of a more cautious view of electromagnetic weapons say that their only real power lies in imparting with a magnetic field initial speed combat projectile. In this case, electromagnetic weapons become an alternative to the principles firearms. One example of this type of weapon is the so-called Gauss gun. This gun is a system consisting of a number of inductors attached to a rectangular base; from a power source capable of delivering short-term powerful pulses, as well as from a coil switching unit in serial mode. Batteries charge capacitors up to a certain potential difference. The shot itself is a discharge of capacitors on the turns of the coil. The principle of operation of the Gauss gun is based on the retraction of the core into the internal volume of the coil when passing through the DC winding. To enhance the "lethal" force of the Gauss gun, a magnetic circuit is mounted on top of the coil. In order for the increase in current in the coil not to slow down, its winding must be made of a wire of a sufficiently large cross section. The damaging effect of this type of electromagnetic weapon depends on the selected electrical capacity of the capacitor system. Of course, the power of such weapons is not yet considered as a competitive power of nuclear weapons.

But time goes by. Already today, there are experimental developments that indicate that with a high level of isolation, electromagnetic weapons are capable of delivering a very significant blow to enemy forces. I must say that the size of such weapons is more than impressive. In this case, the main question remains the question of the variant of the maximum effective application electromagnetic weapons. The power of today's systems of this type ("Silent Guardian" and the domestic "Knapsack") does not exceed one gigawatt, but they allow you to create radiation of a narrow direction. The first development option is directly related to a narrowly focused electromagnetic study, when the electron flow has a single frequency, which ensures the destruction of the target. The second one is associated with direct conversion sources, which can have much smaller dimensions and emit pulses with higher energy.

It would seem that the advantages of the second option are obvious, but scientists are in no hurry to move on to work on creating electromagnetic weapons based on direct conversion. This is due to the fact that such weapons are capable of causing an electrical breakdown in the propagation medium. It turns out that so far this path leads to a dead end, since the output will not be a powerful electromagnetic weapon capable of hitting targets, but a device that causes air glow - a kind of fireworks for a lot of money.

Despite the fact that representatives of the two camps of scientists tend to see seemingly different objects in electromagnetic weapons, there is an actual intersection of views. This intersection lies in the currently available weapons of the type described, as well as in the options for its use.

There are several evidences of the use of electromagnetic weapons in the world. One of the most high-profile is the air attack by American troops on a television center in Baghdad. The United States Air Force used a special guided bomb weighing 2.5 tons, equipped with a vircator (a group of microwave devices with a large volumetric charge). After its application, Iraqi television could not broadcast for about an hour. Another evidence is the showering of Iraqi air defenses with Tomahawk missiles with the same vircators. In this case, it was not possible to assess the true role of electromagnetic weapons, since at the same time other (classical) types of missiles were working on the same air defense objects. This evidence is not isolated, but, apparently, only the United States appears in terms of attempts to use EMO.

The use of electromagnetic weapons is also promising for suppressing the active protection of modern tanks. One directed impulse - and a modern car turns into an unprotected metal toy that can be destroyed by the usual means. At the same time, the tank, like any other modern military vehicle, not only becomes vulnerable, but also a short time loses the ability to retaliate. In this regard, the development of electromagnetic weapons can be named among the priority tasks for modern military scientists. If such a technology is fully operational in any one country, it will upset the balance military power on the planet. It is hard to imagine what could happen if the technology for creating powerful electromagnetic weapons falls into the hands of representatives of terrorist networks.

On our site on circuitry, topics related to electronic weapons are periodically raised - Gauss guns, radio frequency jammers, and so on. And what about our army, which has billions of dollars of budgets - how far have military developers managed to advance towards creating weapons of the future? We will consider a small overview of the samples that are already in service now. Pulse electromagnetic weapons are a real, already being tested, type of weapons of the Russian army. America and Israel are also conducting successful developments in this area, but they have relied on the use of EMP systems to generate kinetic energy warhead. In our country, we took the path of a direct damaging factor and created prototypes of several combat complexes at once - for the ground forces, air force and navy. Today, our Alabuga, having exploded at a height of 300 meters, is able to turn off all electronic equipment within a radius of 3 km and leave military unit without means of communication, control, guidance of fire, while turning all the available equipment of the enemy into a pile of useless scrap metal. This is a rocket, the warhead of which is a high-frequency high-power electromagnetic field generator. But before talking about the use of EMP weapons, it should also be said that the Soviet Army was preparing to fight in the conditions of the use of the damaging EMP factor. Therefore, all military equipment was developed taking into account protection against this damaging factor. The methods are different - starting from the simplest shielding and grounding of metal cases of equipment and ending with the use of special safety devices, arresters and equipment architecture resistant to EMI. So to say that there is no protection from him is also not worth it. And the range of EMP ammunition is not so large - its power density decreases in proportion to the square of the distance. Accordingly, the impact also decreases. Of course, it is difficult to protect equipment near the point of detonation.

Jammer electronics

For the first time, the world saw a real-life prototype of electromagnetic weapons at the LIMA-2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. An export version of the domestic Ranets-E complex was presented there. It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, provides a guaranteed defeat of ground target electronics, an aircraft or a guided munition at ranges up to 14 kilometers and disruption in its operation at a distance of up to 40 km. Despite the fact that the first-born made a splash in the world media, experts noted a number of its shortcomings. Firstly, the size of an effectively hit target does not exceed 30 meters in diameter, and secondly, the weapon is disposable - reloading takes more than 20 minutes, during which the miracle cannon has already been shot 15 times from the air, and it can only work on targets in an open terrain, without the slightest visual obstruction. Perhaps for these reasons, the Americans abandoned the creation of such directional EMP weapons, concentrating on laser technologies. Our gunsmiths decided to try their luck and try to "bring to mind" the technology of directed EMP radiation.

Other developments of NIIRP are also interesting. Investigating the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the ground on air targets, the specialists of these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation flows from several sources. Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent huge dynamic overloads and were destroyed. The coordinated work of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focus point, that is, to retarget at great speed or to accompany objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even on warheads of ICBMs. In fact, this is not even just a microwave weapon, but combat plasmoids. Perhaps this is what prompted the Americans to create the HAARP (High freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) complex in Alaska, a research project to study the ionosphere and auroras. Note that for some reason that peaceful project has funding from the Pentagon's DARPA agency.

Electronics in service with the Russian army

To understand what place the topic occupies electronic warfare in the military-technical strategy of the Russian military department, it is enough to look at the State Armaments Program until 2020. Of the 21 trillion rubles of the total budget of the SAP, 3.2 trillion (about 15%) is planned to be directed to the development and production of attack and defense systems using sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, in the Pentagon's budget, according to experts, this share is much less - up to 10%. In general, the interest of the state in weapons based on new physical principles has noticeably increased. Programs on it are now a priority. And now let's look at those products that have reached the series and entered service over the past few years.

Krasukha-4 mobile electronic warfare systems suppress spy satellites, ground-based radars and AWACS aviation systems, completely block radar detection for 300 km, and can also inflict radar damage on enemy electronic warfare and communications equipment. The operation of the complex is based on the creation of powerful interference at the main frequencies of radars and other radio-emitting sources.

The TK-25E sea-based electronic warfare system provides effective protection for ships of various classes. The complex is designed to provide radio-electronic protection of an object from radio-controlled air and ship-based weapons by creating active jamming. The interface of the complex with various systems of the protected object is provided, such as a navigation complex, a radar station, automated system combat control. The TK-25E equipment provides for the creation of various types of interference with a spectrum width from 60 to 2000 MHz, as well as impulse misinformation and imitation interference using signal copies. The complex is capable of simultaneously analyzing up to 256 targets. Equipping the protected object with the TK-25E complex reduces the probability of its destruction by several times.

The multifunctional complex "Mercury-BM" has been developed and produced at KRET enterprises since 2011 and is one of the most modern electronic warfare systems. The main purpose of the station is to protect manpower and equipment from single and salvo fire artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses. It should be noted that up to 80% of Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets and almost all precision-guided munitions are now equipped with radio fuses, these fairly simple means make it possible to protect troops from damage, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

Concern "Sozvezdie" produces a series of small-sized (autonomous) jamming transmitters of the RP-377 series. With their help, you can jam GPS signals, and in a standalone version, equipped with power sources, you can also place transmitters in a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters. Now an export version of a more powerful GPS jamming system and weapon control channels is being prepared. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It was built on a modular principle, which allows you to vary the areas and objects of protection. From unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - "Sniper-M", "I-140/64" and "Gigawatt", made on the basis of trailers. They are used to develop means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from EMP damage.

Useful theory

The element base of the RES is very sensitive to energy overloads, and the flow of electromagnetic energy of a sufficiently high density can burn out semiconductor junctions, completely or partially disrupting their normal functioning. Low frequency EMO creates an electromagnetic pulse

radiation at frequencies below 1 MHz, high-frequency EMO is affected by microwave radiation - both pulsed and continuous. Low-frequency EMO affects the object through pickups on wired infrastructure, including telephone lines, cables external power supply, submission and removal of information. High-frequency EMO directly penetrates the object's electronic equipment through its antenna system. In addition to affecting the enemy's RES, high-frequency EMO can also affect the skin and internal organs of a person. At the same time, as a result of their heating in the body, chromosomal and genetic changes, activation and deactivation of viruses, transformation of immunological and behavioral reactions are possible.

The main technical means of obtaining powerful electromagnetic pulses, which form the basis of low-frequency EMO, is a generator with explosive compression of the magnetic field. Another potential type of high level low frequency magnetic energy source could be a magnetodynamic generator driven by propellant or explosive. When implementing high-frequency EMO, such electronic devices as broadband magnetrons and klystrons, gyrotrons operating in the millimeter range, virtual cathode generators (vircators) using the centimeter range, free electron lasers and broadband plasma-beam lasers can be used as a generator of high-power microwave radiation. generators.

Thus, in the future, the victory will definitely go to those who will be able to develop and implement the most advanced radio-electronic methods of warfare. And it remains for us to follow the developments of specialists and try, if not to surpass, then at least repeat some simple designs in home radio amateur laboratories. According to expert.ru

Station of electronic suppression 1L269 "Krasukha-2" in the transport configuration. PHOTO: NPO "KVANT"

Pulse electromagnetic weapons, or the so-called. "jammers", is a real, already being tested, type of weapons of the Russian army. The United States and Israel are also conducting successful developments in this area, but they have relied on the use of EMP systems to generate the kinetic energy of a warhead.

In our country, they took the path of a direct damaging factor and created prototypes of several combat systems at once - for the ground forces, air force and navy. According to the specialists working on the project, the development of the technology has already passed the stage of field tests, but now there is work on the bugs and an attempt to increase the power, accuracy and range of radiation. Today, our Alabuga, having exploded at an altitude of 200-300 meters, is able to turn off all electronic equipment within a radius of 3.5 km and leave a battalion / regiment-scale military unit without means of communication, control, fire guidance, while turning all available enemy equipment into pile of useless scrap metal. Except how to surrender and give to the advancing units of the Russian army heavy weapons as trophies, there are essentially no options left.

"Jammer" of electronics

For the first time, the world saw a real-life prototype of electromagnetic weapons at the LIMA-2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. An export version of the domestic Ranets-E complex was presented there. It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, provides a guaranteed defeat of ground target electronics, an aircraft or a guided munition at ranges up to 14 kilometers and disruption in its operation at a distance of up to 40 km. Despite the fact that the first-born made a splash in the world media, experts noted a number of its shortcomings. Firstly, the size of an effectively hit target does not exceed 30 meters in diameter, and secondly, the weapon is disposable - reloading takes more than 20 minutes, during which the miracle cannon has already been shot 15 times from the air, and it can only work on targets in an open terrain, without the slightest visual obstruction. It is probably for these reasons that the Americans abandoned the creation of such directional EMP weapons, concentrating on laser technologies. Our gunsmiths decided to try their luck and try to "bring to mind" the technology of directed EMP radiation.

A specialist of the Rostec concern, who, for obvious reasons, did not want to reveal his name, in an interview with Expert Online expressed the opinion that electromagnetic pulsed weapons are already a reality, but the whole problem lies in the methods of delivering them to the target. “We are working on a project to develop an electronic warfare complex classified as “OV” called “Alabuga”. This is a rocket, the warhead of which is a high-frequency high-power electromagnetic field generator.

Based on active pulsed radiation, a similarity is obtained nuclear explosion, but without the radioactive component. Field tests have shown the high efficiency of the unit - not only radio-electronic, but also conventional electronic equipment of wired architecture, fails within a radius of 3.5 km. Those. not only removes the main communication headsets from normal operation, blinding and stunning the enemy, but actually leaves the whole unit without any local electronic control systems, including weapons. The advantages of such a "non-lethal" defeat are obvious - the enemy will only have to surrender, and the equipment can be obtained as a trophy. The only problem is effective means delivery of this charge - it has a relatively large mass and the missile must be large enough, and, as a result, very vulnerable to hitting air defense / missile defense systems, ”the expert explained.

Interesting are the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute. Ioffe. Investigating the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the earth on air objects (targets), the specialists of these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation flows from several sources. Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent huge dynamic overloads and were destroyed. The coordinated work of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focus point, that is, to retarget at great speed or to accompany objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even on warheads of ICBMs. In fact, this is not even a microwave weapon, but combat plasmoids. Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors presented a draft air defense/missile defense system based on these principles for consideration by the state, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed a joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project did not take place, perhaps this was what prompted the Americans to create the HAARP (High freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) complex in Alaska - a research project to study the ionosphere and auroras. Note that for some reason that peaceful project has funding from the Pentagon's DARPA agency.

Already entering service with the Russian army

To understand what place the topic of electronic warfare occupies in the military-technical strategy of the Russian military department, it is enough to look at the State Armaments Program until 2020. Of the 21 trillion rubles of the total budget of the SAP, 3.2 trillion (about 15%) is planned to be directed to the development and production of attack and defense systems using sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, in the Pentagon's budget, according to experts, this share is much less - up to 10%. Now let's look at what you can already "feel", i.e. those products that have reached the series and entered service over the past few years.

Krasukha-4 mobile electronic warfare systems suppress spy satellites, ground-based radars and AWACS aviation systems, completely cover from radar detection for 150-300 km, and can also inflict radar damage on enemy electronic warfare and communications equipment. The operation of the complex is based on the creation of powerful interference at the main frequencies of radars and other radio-emitting sources. Manufacturer: OJSC "Bryansk Electromechanical Plant" (BEMZ).

The TK-25E sea-based electronic warfare system provides effective protection for ships of various classes. The complex is designed to provide radio-electronic protection of an object from radio-controlled air and ship-based weapons by creating active jamming. The interface of the complex with various systems of the protected object, such as a navigation complex, a radar station, an automated combat control system, is provided. The TK-25E equipment provides for the creation of various types of interference with a spectrum width from 64 to 2000 MHz, as well as impulse misinformation and imitation interference using signal copies. The complex is capable of simultaneously analyzing up to 256 targets. Equipping the protected object with the TK-25E complex reduces the probability of its destruction by three or more times.

The multifunctional complex "Mercury-BM" has been developed and produced at KRET enterprises since 2011 and is one of the most modern electronic warfare systems. The main purpose of the station is to protect manpower and equipment from single and salvo fire of artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses. Enterprise-developer: OAO All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Gradient (VNII Gradient). Similar devices are produced by Minsk "KB RADAR". It should be noted that up to 80% of Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets and almost all precision-guided munitions are now equipped with radio fuses, these fairly simple means make it possible to protect troops from damage, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

Concern "Constellation" produces a series of small-sized (portable, transportable, autonomous) jamming transmitters of the RP-377 series. With their help, you can jam GPS signals, and in a standalone version, equipped with power sources, you can also place transmitters in a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters. Now an export version of a more powerful GPS jamming system and weapon control channels is being prepared. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It was built on a modular principle, which allows you to vary the areas and objects of protection. From unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - "Sniper-M", "I-140/64" and "Gigawatt", made on the basis of car trailers. They, in particular, are used to develop means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from EMP damage.

Likbez

radiation at frequencies below 1 MHz, high-frequency EMO is affected by microwave radiation - both pulsed and continuous. Low-frequency EMO affects the object through pickups on wired infrastructure, including telephone lines, external power cables, data supply and retrieval. High-frequency EMO directly penetrates the object's electronic equipment through its antenna system. In addition to affecting the enemy's RES, high-frequency EMO can also affect the skin and internal organs of a person. At the same time, as a result of their heating in the body, chromosomal and genetic changes, activation and deactivation of viruses, transformation of immunological and behavioral reactions are possible.