Fao un decoding.  FAO is what is FAO: definition - Economics.NES

Elisha's Food Program Elisha returned to Gilgal. And there was a famine in that land; the Galgalites were starving. Elisha gathered the sons of the prophets and told his servant to put a large cauldron and cook stew for the sons of the prophets. And he made the right decision! After all, frames

FAO AS AN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is an autonomous agency within the United Nations (UN) and deals with food and food shortages. The motto of the organization "For a world without hunger" defines its role in the system of global economic regulation.

FAO takes part in the activities of ECOSOC, which coordinates the social and economic programs of 14 UN specialized agencies and regional commissions. FAO is an intergovernmental organization with 191 member states, two associate members, one of the members of the organization is the European Union. In addition to its headquarters in Rome, FAO has offices in more than 130 countries around the world.
Member country representatives meet to review global governance, policy and international structures, as well as to evaluate progress and approve the budget for the next biennium. The Conference elects the members of the Council to exercise executive oversight of the execution of the programs and the budget of the activities carried out. The Conference also elects the Director General for a term of four years renewable once. As of 2013, the staff of the organization has more than three and a half thousand people, including those working in the field and at the headquarters

The organization is an active player in the international arena of research, control and development of natural resources and lands, animal husbandry, crop production and fisheries, forestry, gives advice and consults on nutrition, economic and social policy, investment, food security, food standards.
The organization operates a worldwide early warning system using satellite technology, which allows FAO to provide up-to-date information on the state of food in all regions and provide early warning of emergencies and disasters of various kinds.
FAO member countries appreciate FAO's growing role as a "knowledge organization" that not only disseminates the latest information, methodologies and statistics, but also promotes dialogue, exchange of experiences and best practices.

FAO HISTORY
In 1943, leaders of countries from all over the world met in Virginia (USA) with the intention of laying the foundations for a world based international cooperation in the field of food and agriculture. At the meeting of the UN Conference on Food and Agriculture, it was decided to establish a permanent organization in the field of food and agriculture, an interim commission was established to prepare a specific plan of action. This commission worked for two years and drafted the FAO Constitution. The signing of the constitution and the opening of the first FAO Conference were organized in Quebec (Canada) on October 16, 1945. Representatives from 44 countries met and founded FAO, the first of the UN agencies. In this way, the nations could look forward to raising living standards and improving the production and distribution of food and agricultural products.
In the mid-1940s, FAO took on the task of resolving the global food crisis. On February 11, 1946, Sir John Boyd Orr, Director General of the Organization, notified General Assembly United Nations that FAO will take responsibility for mobilizing the world's resources to deal with the crisis and its aftermath.
At the 1996 FAO World Food Summit in Rome, 186 countries present adopted a plan of action and a declaration on global food security. A goal was set to halve the proportion of the population suffering from poverty and hunger by 2015. At the next meeting in 2002, 179 countries and a delegation from the European Community declared the need to cooperate at the international level and make efforts to reduce the proportion of hungry people. Another declaration was adopted calling for the implementation of the commitments made at the meeting in 1996.

FAO STRUCTURE
The organization has a number of committees, such as the committee on commodities, fisheries, agriculture, forestry and world food security, as well as the accountability committee. The FAO Committee on World Food Security analyzes the needs of the regions for food, monitors its availability and the volume of food stocks.
In more detail, the structure of the organization can be represented as follows:
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL, whose internal organs deal with legal matters, external relations, strategic planning and resource management.
The FAO CONFERENCE is the governing body and is composed of all member countries. It meets every two years and is the main forum for discussing food and agriculture. The FAO Conference may take concerted action on matters of interest to its members.
The DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION consists of the departments of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, nutrition and consumer protection, crop production and plant protection, rural infrastructure and agro-industry. This department also includes the Joint FAO/IAEA Division for the Application of Nuclear Technology in Food and Agriculture.
The DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT includes the Departments of Agricultural Development Economics, Statistics, Trade and Markets and the Department of Gender - Equality and Rural Employment.
The DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE deals with the policy and economics of fisheries and aquaculture, the conservation and use of fisheries and aquaculture resources.
FORESTRY DEPARTMENT solves similar tasks in the field of forestry.
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENT contains departments for the environment, climate change and bioenergy, conservation and use of land and water resources
FAO also has a TECHNICAL COOPERATION DEPARTMENT,
DEPARTMENT OF CORPORATE SERVICES, HUMAN RESOURCES AND FINANCE, Department of Knowledge Sharing, Research and Extension and other internal bodies .

FAO AND RUSSIA
For a number of reasons, the Russian Federation, as the legal successor of the USSR, was able to formalize its full membership in the FAO only in 2006. Russia was elected to the FAO Council, the Russian language was included in the number official languages FAO, a Russian-language translation service has appeared as part of the FAO Secretariat.
There are a number of documents regulating the participation of the Russian Federation in the activities of FAO, in particular, the Federal Law of February 18, 2006 on the adoption by the Russian Federation of the FAO Charter; Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 2, 2006 on the appointment of the Ambassador of Russia to Italy as the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to FAO, as well as the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on making annual contributions from Russia to the FAO budget.
An important milestone in Russia's participation in FAO activities in the field of food security was the approval by the President of the Russian Federation in early 2010 of the "Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation", where the concept of food security is formulated based on the interpretations of the FAO.
The seven-year experience of the Russian Federation's participation in the activities of the FAO shows that the possibilities and potential of the organization are largely not perceived and remain unclaimed and unpopular among domestic ministries and departments.

FAO ACTIVITIES
FAO's work covers four main areas:
1. Ensuring the availability of information. FAO acts as a knowledge network. At the same time, many years of experience of the organization's employees - agronomists, specialists in the field of forestry and fisheries, nutrition, livestock specialists, sociologists, economists, as well as other professions - are used to collect, analyze and disseminate data that can be useful for the development of the world economic system and the economies of individual states. The FAO website contains technical documentation, brochures, reports and books, and the organization publishes several magazines.
2.Exchange of experience in the field of agricultural policy. FAO provides its member countries with many years of experience in developing agricultural policies, supporting planning, developing effective legislation and creating national strategies for rural development, hunger and poverty reduction.
3. Creation of a platform for discussions. Specialists and experts from all over the world regularly discuss topical issues in the local offices and headquarters of the organization.
4. Transfer of experience and scientific and technical knowledge directly to various regions. FAO is mobilizing resources, using its strategic planning tool, and running many projects at the same time. FAO works with other international organizations to ensure a normal life in all regions and corners of the world.
Thus, the main activities of FAO are the dissemination of the achievements of the Green Revolution, which is helping to double the food crops in developing countries, the development of global plans and forecasts for agricultural development, and the dissemination of technologies for sustainable agriculture and rural development.

As resources are limited, FAO is unable to provide the full range of its services in all directions and at all levels at the same time. Attention is paid to various aspects and changes from time to time, which is quite justified in the face of the constantly changing needs of the world's population. Moreover, the leadership of the organization is clearly aware that the effective implementation of many tasks requires the involvement of external experts and institutions for research.

FAO's current focus is on promoting the expansion and development of agricultural production around the world. FAO and the largest donors - the United States of America, the European Union allocate huge funds to finance many projects for the development of agriculture. FAO also provides assistance in advising national agricultural experts, supplying national farms with machinery, building production facilities, transferring the latest technology, project development and training.

FAO's activities are funded by assessed and voluntary contributions.
Assessed Contributions are contributions from member countries, the level of which is set at the FAO Conference for a period of two years. This budget covers major technical work, funding for collaborations and partnerships, and work leading to results in food and agriculture. Contributions for the current biennium (2013-2014) amount to US$ 1 billion.
Voluntary contributions provided by members and other partners of the organization go to the technical support of programs and emergencies(including rehabilitation programmes), as well as assisting governments to achieve certain goals and directly supporting FAO's core activities. The level of voluntary contributions for 2013-2014 is expected to reach approximately US$1.2 billion by the end of this year.

It is not for nothing that the main function of FAO is the collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of information relating to various areas of knowledge related to food products. An effective policy must be based on adequate knowledge.

International cooperation and consistency of national programs are the determining factors for the success of the implementation of programs and projects.
Member countries are required to submit periodic reports, and FAO publishes a yearbook of agricultural statistics for the review of national programs relating to food and agriculture, as well as lists by type of farms of the regions of member countries with an index of institutions and positions of professional workers employed in relevant fields.
To a large extent, the necessary information must be obtained from member countries; the challenge is to ensure sufficient uniformity in international comparisons. Unfortunately, on this moment the mechanism of stable and successful cooperation with other international organizations, governments of member countries and intergovernmental bodies has not been formed. This collaboration can take various forms. In this case, the bulk of the advice falls to FAO.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF FAO
The objectives of FAO, as formally stated in the preamble to the Constitution, are stated as follows: the peoples who have adopted the Constitution of the organization are determined to promote the common welfare by promoting individual and collective action on their part, in order to improve the level of nutrition and the standard of living of people, increase the efficiency of the production of all food and agricultural products, and improve the living conditions of the rural population.
Thus, the goals that the FAO organization immediately set for itself at its founding boil down to the following: firstly, to increase the level of nutrition and living standards of the peoples of member countries, and secondly, to ensure an increase in the efficiency of production of all types of food and agricultural products , thirdly, improving the living conditions of all rural residents, and, fourthly, contributing to the development of the world economy. It is important to note that the term "agriculture" used in the provisions of the FAO Constitution is broad enough to include fisheries and forestry.
The Millennium Goals include reducing poverty and hunger, child mortality, ensuring universal access to primary education, gender equality, creating conditions for improving the health of expectant mothers, combating AIDS, other HIV diseases, malaria, etc., guaranteeing the preservation of the environment, development of universal partnership and cooperation.

As part of the Immediate Plan of Action, the FAO Conference approved a set of strategic goals and functional objectives to be achieved by 2015. The goals set are effective collaboration with Member States and stakeholders, as well as better process management. Achieving food security around the world is at the heart of FAO's efforts - the organization must ensure that people have constant access to sufficient quantities of high-quality food, are active and healthy lifestyle life.
The priority tasks of FAO are to increase the level of nutrition, agricultural productivity, improve the lives of the rural population, which will contribute to the growth of the world economy. Equally important tasks of the organization are to summarize, analyze, interpret and disseminate information related to nutrition, food and agriculture; advise governments on actions and policies in these areas; provide technical assistance at the request of participating governments.

FAO INNOVATION
New ways to improve the efficiency of production are usually in great demand in all countries. In addition, the organization of technical events can be very useful in terms of existing and food-related scientific, administrative and educational problems. FAO is organizing a platform, a forum for progress in many areas. Even in highly developed countries, there is a big gap between the level of scientific technologies and their application on the ground. FAO has a policy of smoothing these discrepancies. Work of this kind is especially useful for underdeveloped countries. The organization allows the introduction of new varieties of seeds and new methods of applying fertilizers to the soil, which contributes to the increase in food production (output) to a large extent and in a relatively short time. FAO organizes educational and technical events that help train those employed in agriculture to effectively use the latest technologies, equipping the fleet of equipment with the latest technology.
The organization has a unique experience in the use of know-how and new agro-industrial technologies, breeding and cultivation of high-yielding, drought-resistant crops, pest and disease control.
One example of a successful project is the application of a package of measures to control insect pests that threatened the food supply, 200,000 Indonesian farmers have increased rice yields and reduced the use of pesticides, while helping to protect the environment. The long-term project to combat hunger is being implemented with the help of FAO under the World Food Programme. The implementation of programs is important for food exporting countries in the face of fierce competition in international trade and a sharp struggle for markets.

GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF MODERNITY
Research and statistics from the World Bank, UN, FAO and OECD emphasize that the problem of eliminating hunger and poverty is getting worse, despite the programs and actions of the world community after the first World Food Conference in 1974. According to FAO estimates, the number of undernourished and hungry people in the world has increased by 300 million over the past 15 years and in 2010 amounted to 1.1 billion people. and, moreover, the trend is negative, growth continues steadily.
According to UN projections, the world's population will increase to almost 9.2 billion by 2050. An increase of 2.4 billion over 2011 will be provided by developing countries, while the share of developed countries and countries with economies in transition in terms of population will decrease. The fastest growth is expected in sub-Saharan Africa, whose population is expected to double by 2050.
Agriculture has no choice but to become more productive and more productive. This task falls within the purview of FAO. There's still enough left land resources with great potential for crop production, especially in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, but their development and use will require a significant increase in investment in the primary sector, improved machinery and equipment, improved industry, roads and rural infrastructure.

SOLVING GLOBAL PROBLEMS
There are several ways to solve the above problems.
1. further increase in the role of the state in ensuring food policy and the creation of a regulatory framework that promotes sustainable development;
2. using the potential of international organizations and regional associations
to influence the situation at the intergovernmental level;
3. ensuring the growth of the mobility of capital and labor resources between countries and within countries;
4. Engaging global governance mechanisms to address issues common to all countries, namely food security, biodiversity loss, climate change, desertification, deforestation, loss of fish stocks, land and water resources, soil erosion, and the emergence of disease;
5. expanding the governance base, recognizing the role of the private sector, NGOs, regional economic associations, regional development banks and other institutions;
6. using the achievements of scientific and technological progress to solve problems
nutrition, health and environment, coupled with the rapid spread of accessible information and communication technologies, supporting the global exchange of information, knowledge and know-how.

In order for the agricultural sector to play its full role as an engine of growth, especially in agricultural economies, the necessary conditions must be created for farmers, giving them the opportunity to earn as much as workers in the secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy. Agricultural and trade policies need to be developed in accordance with the rules and mechanisms that ensure not only free but also fair trade in agricultural products. FAO plays a significant role in this process.

1. Galchenko E.A. Report "The role of FAO in solving the global food problem" within the framework of the course "International economic organizations and regional integration”. M.: NRU VSHE, 2011.
2. Global economic regulation. Textbook. Ed. prof. V.N. Zuev. Moscow: Master, 2010.
3. To solve the world food problem. FAO contribution. World and Politics, M., June 2011, No. 6. pp. 104-109.
4. The role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in solving the problem of world food security. Mir and Politics, M., March 2010, No. 3, pp. 104-111.
5. FAO's role in the global community's fight against hunger and malnutrition. World and Politics, M., May 2011, No. 5. pp. 105-110.
6. Senchagov V.K. economic security Russia. Textbook. A business. M., 2005.
7. Skopin A.Yu. International organizations: tutorial. State. un-t - Higher School of Economics. - M .: Ed. House of SU-HSE, 2007.
8. FAO Director-General at the World Summit on Food Security, Doc. WSFS 2009/INF/3.
9. The State of Food and Agriculture, 2009, Doc C. 2009/2, p.3.
10. FAO website. Access mode: http://www.fao.org
11. Proceedings of the FAO/WHO GLOBAL FORUM ON FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT. Increasing efficiency and transparency in food safety systems. Experience exchange. Morocco, 28-30 January 2002. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/MEETING/004/Y3680R/Y3680R09.htm
12. Population forecast, United Nations. World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision. Access mode:

FAO headquarters is located in the center of Rome, close to the Circus Maximus and the Colosseum. It is a large white building that is easy to recognize.

Below you will find an interactive FAO location map:

Registration at FAO Headquarters

Upon arrival at FAO, please proceed to the check-in desk located at the main entrance. For registration you need to bring your passport or identity document. Once a building pass has been issued, you can enter and exit the building without going to the front desk. The pass is valid for the duration of the event attended, wearing the pass is mandatory. Entrance to the building is possible only with a pass.

Please note: FAO is a smoke free zone. Smoking inside FAO buildings is prohibited.

Facilities for people with disabilities

FAO buildings conform to Italian building codes and European Community standards. All entrances to FAO Headquarters are accessible to people with disabilities. Building A has an elevator and building D has a ramp. Equipped toilet rooms are located on the first, second and third floors.

The following services are available at FAO Headquarters

Banks: You can make any banking operation in the branches of Banca Intesa (ground floor, building B) and Banca di Sondrio (ground floor, building D). Opening hours: Monday - Friday, from 8.40 to 16.30. ATMs that accept international bank cards work around the clock near bank branches.

Bookstores and kiosks: On the ground floor of building B there is a newsstand where you can buy newspapers and magazines, phone cards, as well as bus and metro tickets. Nearby is a bookstore selling publications in English and French, stationery and postcards. In the main lobby, you can also find FAO publications, FAO branded souvenirs and numismatists and philatelists.

Lost and found: If you have lost or found anything, please contact the front desk at the entrance, ground floor, building A, or the security service, tel. 54427.

Meditation: The meditation room is located in building A, second floor, room A 250.

Mail: There is also a post office on the ground floor of Building B. Opening hours: Monday-Friday, from 8.30 to 15.00. The mailboxes are located next to the post office.

Medical services and emergency care: The medical center is open all the time from Monday to Friday, from 8.30 to 17.00, in building B, on the second floor, office 162, internal tel: 53577, external: 06-5705-3400. For a serious health problem outside of FAO, call 118.

Phones: To call FAO while in Italy, dial 06 570 51; to call from abroad, dial (0039 06) 570 51. You can call any internal number by first dialing 06 570 (except calls from any of the phones inside FAO) and then dialing the five-digit extension. For telephone information or for long distance calls, dial 11. To call from FAO to a telephone number in Rome, first dial "0" then "06"

Travel agency: You can contact the Carlson Wagonlit Travel agency on the ground floor of FAO. The agency is open from Monday to Friday from 9.00 to 12.45 and from 14.00 to 17.00. A small fee may apply for travel agency services.

Wireless Internet: operates in the Atrium and in some meeting rooms. Access information: network: guest_internet, username: visitor, password: wifi2internet

Restaurants and bars in FAO

The FAO building houses three cafés, a cafeteria and a restaurant. Only cash euros are accepted for payment. Credit cards are not accepted.

• polish bar: The cafe is located on the first floor of building A. Coffee, tea, drinks, pastries and sandwiches are available throughout the day, as well as cold snacks and salads at lunchtime. Opening hours: 7.30–17.00.
• blue bar: The cafe is located on the 8th floor of building C. Light snacks and sandwiches are available throughout the day, cold snacks and salads are offered at lunchtime. Opening hours: 7.30–17.00.
• Casa Bar: Building D, first floor. Salads and light snacks, as well as cold and hot dishes at lunchtime.
• Cafeteria: Self-service restaurant is located on the 8th floor of building B. Snacks, pasta, grilled meat or cheese, salads, desserts and drinks are on sale. Opening hours: 12.00 – 14.00.
• Restaurant: located on the 8th floor of building C. Offers a full "menu of the day" or dishes from the menu. Opening hours: 12.00 – 14.00. A table must be booked in advance (internal number: 54268 or 56823).

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO's activities cover eight strategic areas. The tasks of the Organization include monitoring in the field of food; forecasting food security, taking into account the state of natural resources and scientific knowledge; international food regulation; national policy, institutional and legal arrangements; ensuring sustainable growth in production and increasing the availability of food; adaptation of technologies to create conditions for the intensification of production and ensuring the adequacy of the food supply; security, rational use natural resources. A separate task is monitoring the implementation of the decisions of the World Food Summit, carried out jointly with the UN Chief Commissioner for Human Rights. Ensuring food security, meaning the provision of targeted assistance to countries in particular need, is the most important strategic direction in the functional activities of FAO. FAO's long-term strategy is focused on ensuring food security, sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex, as well as improving food trade. The organization has significant budgetary and extrabudgetary funds (the total budget reaches more than a billion US dollars). FAO carries out activities in many programs in the field of agriculture and food, assisting countries in solving socio-economic, scientific, technological, organizational, legal and financial problems. To solve the problems of food security, FAO involves organizations whose activities are aimed at providing assistance. This group includes: Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programs, World Food Program (WFP), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Organization for industrial development(UNIDO). FAO interacts with the Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Advisory Group on International Agricultural Research, World Organization Health (WHO), United Nations Organization for environment(UNEP), International Labor Organization (ILO), World Trade Organization (WTO), International monetary fund(IMF), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), other institutions, contacts with the Population Fund, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), etc. 80 sectoral governmental and non-governmental international organizations are involved in the implementation of economic and technical programs of FAO. Some of them have received the status of regional. FAO integrates the activities of agricultural and other international organizations, covering the entire spectrum of socio-economic, scientific, technological, trade, economic, environmental, information and other aspects of activities aimed at ensuring food security at the national, regional and international levels. The organization has developed several systems for collecting, storing and disseminating information on the achievements of scientific and technological progress in the countries of the world (AGRIS, ARIS), approved a number of product quality standards used in international trade. In Europe, the FAO established the Cooperative System of Research Networks in Agriculture (ESCO-RENA), which includes leading institutes for soybean, corn, sunflower, etc., as well as the Space Observation Center, which receives information from American, Russian, French and Japanese satellites , processing it according to its own methodology and techniques. The Center provides FAO member countries with information on the agro-climatic conditions of production, the state of crops, soil erosion processes, etc. The FAO operates an Investment Center that has ensured the implementation of about 2.5 thousand technical projects for member countries for a total of $ 56 billion . Within the framework of technical assistance programs in Bulgaria, a large research institute has been established to study the biopotential of the earth.