Wood processing plants. Schematic diagram of a woodworking plant

Necessary equipment.

Sample Plan mini carpentry business income

Organization of a business for the manufacture of medium-sized wooden products.

Additional tools.

Decoration Wood is one of the oldest crafts known to the world. We, in Russia, attach special importance to this craft. A lot of wood products are decorated and decorated with the help of this particular craft.

The development of the art of artistic processing of wood in Russia was influenced by the development of the state itself, and the cultural development of the people. Therefore, the history of the promotion of wood crafts is divided into several main periods.

Very few original monuments of ancient Russian art of the 9th-16th centuries have come down to us. But based on ancient manuscripts, drawings in painting, information from guests who visited ancient Kyiv and Velikiy Novgorod testify that even then the artistic processing of wood occupied definitely high positions in the life of the state and the people.

Housing was built from wood, furniture, dishes, city fortifications, workshops, outbuildings, ships, sledges, pavements, water pipes, machines and machine tools, tools and tools, children's toys and the like were made. All this was decorated with geometric patterns carved on them. The manufacture of spoons from ash, maple, birch on the tips of which various ornaments were carved was in special demand, one of the most popular was wickerwork.

The XV century brought the inhabitants of Russia liberation from rot Tatar-Mongol yoke and the founding of a centralized state centered on Moscow. Subsequently, folk arts, among which the artistic processing of wood, received freedom. Creative natures have received will in their craft. It was at this time that the greatest wood craft artists lived. Ancient Russia: Feofan Grek, Andrei Rublev, Dionysius who stood out for the integrity and harmony of their works.

Masterpieces of arts and crafts of the 15th century have become the objects of imitation for a generation of many craftsmen. Iconostases serve as an example, if you pay attention, they have a wicker ornament and gilding, which was inherent in the iconostases of artists of the 15th century.
A separate place worth noting is wooden interiors and wood products. Being indoors from a wooden interior it seems as if you are one step closer to harmony with nature. Your heart becomes calmer and you feel more cheerful. The tree not only brings you closer to nature, but also gives the dwelling sophistication, sophistication, especially various carved geometric ornaments, in the details of which the craftsmen leave a particle of their soul.

Implementation of a mini carpentry business.

First you need to study the markets, visit exhibitions, wood industry fairs, in order to know what type of products are in demand by buyers. After collecting the information, create a business plan for your carpentry shop that can lead you to success.

To create a workshop, you need: a dry, bright room measuring 50 square meters with ceilings up to 4 meters high. It also needs electricity. Then take on the collection of documents necessary for the tax and fire safety services.

Necessary equipment.

The next step is to collect the necessary materials and purchase machines for production. At your request, you can either buy all the necessary equipment completely, or 50 to 50. Make half yourself using Internet drawings, and buy the other half. It is not worth saving on materials and equipment, because half of the quality of your products depends on this. In short, you will need tools such as a circular or miter saw, jointer, thickness gauge, power tools: a drill, a milling cutter, as well as sets of hand tools: chisels, mallets, hacksaws.

Before buying equipment, you should carefully consider everything. What exactly will you produce, what tools and machines are needed for this, in order to avoid unnecessary costs for unnecessary equipment. It is also important not to forget about the people who will work with you, or for you. It is best to look not only for masters of their craft, but also creative people who will put their soul into your products. If your product is original, the demand for it will never fall and it will bring a stable income.

What kind of wood products to make?

Wood products have their own character, which gives not only the apartment, but also the same office coziness and harmony. Therefore, the choice of products is very large from door handles to furniture. different category. The carpentry business entrepreneur has a wide range of choices, the main thing is not to make a mistake.

There is a sea of ​​wooden products among which are souvenirs, talismans, toys, amulets, they are one of those who are popular among buyers. Especially the amulet "Knock on wood." Its design is quite simple. They take a birch log with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 10 cm, cut into two in length, cleaned from the bark. A wooden figurine of the spirit is placed at the bottom of the log, or the image of the spirit itself is carved. People say that by knocking on such a talisman you can contact the spirits of the tree, which will give you protection from evil forces and wickedness.

Lacquer is not applied to such a talisman; it is decorated with pieces of birch bark. The chip of the manufacturer of such amulets is the so-called instruction of knocking on wood. The people believe in all sorts of superstitions, so by printing instructions for communicating with spirits to your amulet, you will attract the attention of buyers. Such a product costs about 300 rubles.

Using the cheapest business slab material, you can make benches, tables, stools for cottages, and decorate with various geometric patterns. On the this moment such things are in demand and quite well valued in Moscow.

The most common slab bench costs about 2,500 rubles, and by adding some kind of ornament to it, you can customize it for 3,500 rubles. During the summer, you will be able to manufacture and sell 25 pieces per month. Hot stands cost 25-40 rubles, and made from polished cuts up to 100 rubles, napkin holders from 150 rubles, but good original bread bins can cost up to 1000 rubles.

Mini business expenses and income.

The business plan expenses will include the following items:
. - rent of the premises itself up to $ 200, if you do not have your own;
. - room lighting up to $10-20;
. -materials up to 300 dollars. USA.
. -tools — $2500

It will take about $3170 to open a small mini carpentry workshop. With a business efficiency of 23%, the net profit will be from $ 1000 per month, and the payback period will be up to 4 months. The carpentry business should be launched in time for the start of the construction season.

An approximate income plan for a mini carpentry business.

Subject to your premises:
Let's say your mini workshop makes the simplest joinery - doors. A master with no experience will be able to produce 10-12 doors per month. To do this, you need to purchase 1.5-2 cubic meters of wood. The cost will be $270-360.
Price per door $120-130. $120*10 doors = $1200 income. Net income: $1200 - $270 = $930. Here the possibilities of a master without experience are pointed out, since usually a carpentry workshop with one employee manages to make large volumes in a month.

Organization of a business for the manufacture of medium-sized wood products.

The system for the production of window and door blocks can be divided into the following stages:
1. cutting lumber, checking its quality;
2. creation and processing of blanks;
3. construction assembly;
4. product grinding and coating.

For each step indicated above, you can buy a separate machine or choose a woodworking center that can perform all the above points. You can also kill two birds with one stone, that is, acquire multifunctional installation, which can combine several functions and work for 2-3 workshops at the same time.

When buying such units, you also save space in your premises, because one unit takes up less space than two or three, but includes the same functions. An example of such an installation is the D 300 machine, which can perform the functions of several types, such as: thicknessing, milling, grinding, planer shops.

Additional tools.

For high-quality and holistic work of your carpentry workshop, you need to buy the following tools:

Minimum locksmith tool kit;
. drill;
. screwdriver;
. jigsaw;
. Sander;
. moisture meter;
. roulette;
. calipers;
. electric planer;
. mains powered circular saws;
. tool for applying coloring, antiseptic substances;
. fan with bags for organizing sawdust removal.

A small carpentry workshop can be set up on an area of ​​60 m2. Space savings can be achieved by combining all the equipment in a woodworking center. To achieve success in business, it is necessary to hire at least two professional carpenters, and also at the first stages of the publishing house, the director must be present in person at the production processes.

Feasibility study.

Capital investments (in rubles):
. purchase necessary equipment- 184,000 rubles.
. tool costs - 85,000 rubles.
. transportation costs - 50,000 rubles.
. purchase of raw materials - 400,000 rubles.
. registration of a business in the form of an individual entrepreneur - 21,000 rubles;
. other expenses (payment work force) - 15,000 rubles.
The total amount of investment in the business: 755,000 rubles.
For each future product, a sketch is created separately. At first, this is done by hand, not on the scale of the future product. This is a sketch by eye, in which the author develops the idea of ​​the product itself. After that, he coordinates this with the director of the enterprise, if he liked this development, then another drawing is created already beyond the scale, directly according to which future products will be made.

The designed product is depicted in three views from the top, front and side. Make a cut if necessary. If the part model is very complex, then it is divided into parts and each part is depicted separately. Each part receives its own number, under which it enters its specification. All drawings are made on paper, with a simple pencil, so that, if necessary, it is easy to correct the mistake made, or to introduce some kind of amendment, refinement.

Most use special paper - graph paper. This is paper that is divided into cells so that it is easier to calculate the scale and draw to scale.

In one step with the sketch, they think over the manufacturing system for this product. What kind of materials will be needed, what machines will be needed for this development, what tools will be used in the process of creating this product, the costs are calculated. They calculate everything to the last nail, in order to avoid a shortage of some materials in the future, and, of course, to ensure that production is organized.

Also during this period they are preparing the place of work of the master. Choose a workshop that is more convenient in size, which will correspond to the size of the products. They choose a convenient location of the drawings, the placement of materials in the workshop, from which future products will be made. Provide the master with free access to the machine, as well as tools. Provide him with a comfortable working environment. Then the manufacturing system and the design of the future product are once again checked in order to avoid quality damage and various failures in the manufacturing process.

Wood is a natural material from which man has learned to make semi-finished products and other products. However, for industry, a simple tree is not of great value, so it must be processed on special equipment. But there are many nuances and interesting points. Let's talk with you about what wood processing is and what is the technology of the process.

General useful information

The most valuable thing that is obtained from recycled wood is paper. Today the paper industry has great value. Hundreds of tons of paper are produced every day in the world. After all, this product has a different purpose: household, industrial, etc. It cannot be said that the most expensive furniture is made from wood.

In principle, there are a huge number of materials that are obtained from wood. Today, particle boards have become extremely popular. They are somewhat similar to a board, but less uniform and most often measure 205 x 520 cm. Let's talk about everything in more detail. First you need to understand the types of wood processing.

Chemical processing

Wood-chemical technology allows you to get the following products: rosin, charcoal, turpentine, acetic acid, etc. From this we can draw a completely logical conclusion that this is an extremely popular method. It is based on hydrolysis - the reaction of polysaccharides and water. As a result, monosaccharides are obtained, which are processed by a biochemical method. After that, it is possible to obtain products such as glucose, ethyl alcohol, as well as protein substances.

If we consider purely chemical processing, then furfural is extracted by this method. The latter is the basis for the manufacture of medicines, plastics and more. It should be noted that trees are most often used as the main raw material. hardwood: beech, aspen, birch, ash, etc. Of course, chemical wood processing lines are quite complex and require a lot of attention, as well as highly qualified specialists. A much simpler way, which we will now consider.

Mechanical restoration

The essence of this method is to change the size and volume of wood. It is easy to guess that in our case this is achieved mechanically, to put it simply, by cutting, sawing, planing, milling, and so on. For example, first, chips are obtained from the feedstock, and then chipboard material is made, with which almost all of us are familiar. But for you to understand, chips are made from technological waste rather than solid wood.

This approach allows not only to save money, but also to reduce wood consumption. Although chemical treatment more complex and subtle, here, too, not everything is so simple. Depending on the size, as well as the type of wood and the further purpose of the material, various machines are used, which we will talk about a little lower. Technology is getting better every day, which makes it possible to achieve best results. Mechanical processing products are widely used in construction, fuel briquettes and wood pellets are also widely used.

Main processing equipment

Automated equipment allows not only to increase the productivity of workshops and factories, but also significantly reduce the number of work-related injuries, which is important. Depending on the volumes, as well as the direction of processing, both simple units and entire complexes can be used. Let's look at the main machines:

• Shredders - used for shredding waste of various sizes. As the main working body are used cutting knives. The stronger they are, the better.

• Low-speed shredders - characterized by high performance and reliability. Allow to receive spills in the size of 8-10 mm.

• Briquetting press - allows you to get briquettes used for space heating or in industry. It is characterized by functionality - the ability to work with various types of materials, for example, wood, paper.

• Horizontal shredders - designed for processing short as well as long lengths of waste.

• Silos are not mandatory, but simply necessary, especially if the wood processing plant has a large production capacity. Used for storage, transportation and unloading.

Wood processing machines

As noted at the very beginning of this article, machining involves sawing, milling, as well as planing and other similar operations. Therefore, it is hardly possible to do without the appropriate equipment even in a small workshop.

1. Planer - used to remove the surface layer of wood. In addition, during planing, the surface is polished. Modern machines allow you to process both sides of the board in one go. The shavings, as it used to be, are not burned, but sent for further processing.
2. Milling machines - used for cutting grooves, splines, etc.
3. Peeling machines are needed to obtain veneer, and they are chipless (no chips are formed in the process).
4. Debarkers allow you to remove the bark from logs. Depending on the purpose of the wood, corrugated swaths or circular knives can be used. The former are needed for rough processing, the latter for finishing.

Integrated wood processing

Today, the issue of waste disposal from the woodworking and wood-chemical industries is acute. Approximately 50% of the wood was thrown away as it was waste. Thanks to the introduction of complex processing, it was possible to achieve a significant reduction in this indicator. So, at present, not 50%, but 30% of waste is spent on recycling.

Such figures are due to the fact that, for example, sawdust, wood chips and bark are materials that are extremely inconvenient to transport and store. Moreover, without pre-training(drying, grinding) they cannot be used. However, there is equipment for wood processing. At factories with such equipment, you can get:

• charcoal;
• briquetting of wood waste;
• gasification - the transformation of solid fuels (in our case, wood waste) into gas.

Getting charcoal

According to many experts, this disposal method is one of the best and most effective. This is due to the great need of the population and industry for such coal. This is one of the few ways to effectively clear the forest from cutting waste. You can also recycle softwood. To get charcoal, you need to acquire equipment for pyrolysis. The essence of the method is the decomposition of raw materials in a special apparatus without oxygen. Today, three groups of coal are distinguished:

• grade A - obtained by processing hardwood waste;
• grade B - a mixture of hard and softwood waste wood;
• grade C - a mixture of hard and softwood, as well as coniferous waste.

Only the first group is of industrial importance. The fact is that such coal is used for the manufacture of active carbon and crystalline silicon. In some metallurgical plants, this product is used as a reducing agent.

Production of charcoal briquettes

As practice shows, enterprises that produce charcoal by pyrolysis accumulate quite a lot of little things that do not find any use and are most often simply thrown away. But today there are more conservative solutions, such as the manufacture of briquettes. Who would have thought that wood products could have great importance, especially for household purposes?

In principle, it is one of the most efficient and cheapest types of fuel. Today, briquettes are usually divided into two large groups: technological and fuel. Latest found wide application in everyday life, for example, for a fireplace or stove. Rarely used in CHP. By the way, the product of combustion is considered an excellent fertilizer. But it is worth paying your attention to the fact that it is impossible to get a full-fledged briquette by pressing alone. Here a binding element is needed, for example, wood resins, petroleum products or other binders.

Harvesting and processing of woodworking waste

According to statistics, about 30% of the world's timber resources are located in Russia. This figure corresponds to 18 million tons of fuel, and about 40 million tons of wood products are emitted annually. Most can be used as fuel various waste. For example, it can be stumps, chips, bark, sawdust, slabs, as well as sleepers, plywood or even telegraph poles.

Waste should be transported by trucks and stored in warehouses. The latter may not have heating, but must be covered and well protected from moisture. This is due to the fact that high humidity hinders the production of high-quality fuels. It can be said with confidence that the harvesting and processing of wood in the territory of the Russian Federation is rather poorly developed. This is due to the disinterest of the state, as well as the complexity of procurement, transportation and storage.

Making paper by chemical processing

Most entrepreneurs are engaged in the manufacture of paper from wood waste. This decision is due to small investments and low cost of the main raw materials. To obtain a product of the required quality, the cellulose is first removed. Further in aquatic environment mixing of fillers, sizing and dyes is carried out.

Then they create a continuously moving grid of paper pulp, which is further dried, driven through a press, and also wound into a roll. Since the process is continuous, the output of the finished product from the machine is quite large, approximately 800-1000 meters per minute. In principle, the chemical processing of wood is the best way production of paper of different quality. This approach allows you to clean the forest and dispose of waste in production.

What to do with low grade wood?

We have considered the main types of wood processing. From this we can conclude that a fairly large amount of waste can still be recycled. But if hard rocks trees are still of interest, low-grade waste practically does not bother anyone. This is due to the fact that neither high-quality paper nor good fuel can be made from them.

But even here there are several worthy solutions. You can make table wood or packing chips. There are profitable enterprises for the manufacture of plaster shingles, brooms, etc. In principle, the processing of low-quality wood waste is gradually finding its place. Thus, "slimmer" is increasingly given to animals as an additive to the main feed and used as bedding.

A few important points

As you can see, deep processing of wood will allow not only to properly dispose of waste, but also to do a lot of useful things. First of all, this fuel is used not only in everyday life, but also on an industrial scale. It is impossible not to mention the production of paper, especially since there are many countries in the world that are poor in forests and need such products. But the wood processing technology is quite complex and time-consuming, but the profitability sometimes makes you think. For this simple reason, many do not dare to work in this direction.

Conclusion

Here we have considered the main points on this topic. In principle, the direction is very interesting, but the underdevelopment of the industry scares off most entrepreneurs. But there are reasons for this. For example, to date, a rational way of processing has not yet been found. tree bark although several attempts have been made. But one can trace the trend that every year the interest is getting higher. For example, furniture factories, farmlands, and paper factories buy large quantities of raw materials. But the processing of thin wood requires serious lines, so many people consider it expedient to buy already prepared raw materials.

Russia has the most significant forest reserves, almost a quarter of the world's.

The forests of our country are a colossal resource base.

Wherein used less than half of all wood waste, and in Siberia, that is, in the most “forest” region of our country, no more than 35% of wood raw materials.

The rest is simply thrown away without any attempt at disposal.

Remain unrecycled:

• tree greens;
• bark;
• sawdust;
• shavings.

Thus, the figures indicate the presence of business development opportunities in this industry.

In the recent past, sawmill waste was simply destroyed. A business built on the basis of wood waste processing is:

• promising;
• does not require significant investments;
• having an accessible organization of production.

Waste production in the woodworking and forestry industries are lumpy and soft waste:

• woodworking;
• plywood production;
• furniture production;
• sleepers;
• sawmilling.

They also include:

• branches;
• branches;
• tree greens;
• tops;
• roots;

The scope of wood waste is very extensive.

1. Sawdust can be used in hydrolysis production, for the manufacture of gypsum sheets, for heating.
2. From shavings it is possible to produce chipboard and cement chipboard, which are used in the construction of houses.
3. From wood waste paper is made; they are also used in agriculture.
4. Wood chips predominantly coniferous species is used for the production of building material that is unique in its characteristics.

Where to get wood waste inexpensively or for free

When using wood in any area, be it furniture production, construction, etc., wood waste can be between 35 and 50%.

Utilization of wood waste in cities is a serious problem. They are formed during the care of trees and during the sanitary felling of green spaces on the street, in parks, forest parks, squares. These wastes are low quality wood of medium size:

• branches;
• tops;
• edging of deciduous and coniferous species.

A significant problem in terms of disposal is sawn timber waste during the repair of premises and buildings, wooden products that have already gone out of use, furniture, and containers. A huge amount of wood waste is generated during sawmilling.

Under the condition of self-delivery, almost all types of wood waste can be obtained absolutely free of charge.

Cost-Effective Options for Using Sawdust

There are many ways to make money on wood waste, in particular, on sawdust. We list the main options, and below we will consider some of them in more detail:

• production of sawdust concrete. It is possible both at enterprises and privately;
• on livestock farms, sawdust can be used as bedding for livestock;
• in greenhouses, industrial greenhouses, sawdust can act as a constituent of the soil, plant nutrition;
• sawdust on their own excellent fuel;
• sawdust - compost in agriculture;
• for private houses sawdust is used as insulation in attics and basements;
• production of chipboard, fiberboard, MDF, furniture structures sawdust - the main raw material;
• for sewage treatment plants in industry, sawdust can serve as waste water filters;
• sawdust in half with peat - magnificent dry closet filler.

During the cooking of pine and cedar bark, woody greens, condensate accumulates at the bottom of the distillation vat, which is called VAT residue.

One of the inexpensive productions is its processing at coniferous extract.

Coniferous extract has a lot of biologically active substances that dissolve in water during prolonged cooking.

This condensate contains a large number of substances that have a beneficial effect on living organisms, including humans:

• vitamins;
• chlorophylls;
• organic acids.

Concentration of condensate turns it into a coniferous extract, which has high consumer properties.

The extract can be successfully used as a feed additive for livestock and poultry in agriculture, as well as a preparation for taking therapeutic baths. Coniferous extract can also be used for industrial production antibiotics for animals.

Feed meal

After digestion of the extract, approximately 90% of the feedstock (pine and cedar bark, tree greens) remains in the form of waste solid waste. Business income can be increased with further processing of solid waste into feed meal.

Feed flour has bactericidal and anti-tuberculosis properties. It can be used as an alternative to roughage.

fertilizers

Fertilizer can be prepared from wood waste using a fairly simple composting process.

The main costs in the implementation of this project are the laying and equipment of trenches for the preparation of compost mass.

It would be advisable to use such compost to improve the fertility of highly mineralized and loamy soils.

Charcoal

Recycling wood waste is promising direction, which has a lot of spheres for implementation. Many technologies that are based on the processing of wood waste are successful in the market.

- one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly fuels, consisting of almost one hundred percent carbon. When burned, it does not poison the air with toxic fumes and is quite convenient for quick cooking. It can be used not only in the economy, but also in industrial production.

A number of chemical and metallurgical industries operate on its use, from small to large ones. In the construction industry, it is used as an insulating material. Just like other derivatives of wood waste, it is successfully used in agriculture as a feed additive for livestock and poultry.

The spent mass of wood waste can be used for further processing as fuel.

The use of modern and environmentally friendly pure species fuel will help provide the population with inexpensive energy carriers, while reducing the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

Thus, the negative impact on environment, improving the sanitary condition of forests.

In recent years, the EU countries have been undergoing a very active transition to organic fuel. The market is stimulated by government agencies, turning towards:

• fuel pellets;
• briquettes;
• firewood.

Energy carriers from wood waste are currently purchased in significant quantities.

We buy equipment

Of course, processing requires:

• equipment;
• electricity;
• room;
• storage facilities for raw materials and finished products.

Equipment for the production of briquettes and fuel pellets on the market is available in sufficient variety, both from foreign and domestic factories. With equal quality, Russian equipment costs several cheaper.

The equipment package includes:

• chipper(machine for grinding raw materials), from 180 thousand rubles to 2.3 million rubles;
• granulator. Cost from 50 thousand rubles. up to 2.1 million rubles The price for the OGM-1.5 granulator model is about 1 million rubles;
• Dryer. The spread of prices ranges from 150 thousand rubles. up to 2.5 million rubles;
• packing machine. Price - from 80 thousand rubles. up to 2 million rubles

In general, equipment for making, for example, pellets can be an industrial line or a mini-granulator.

Approximate cost:

1. an industrial line that produces 1 ton/hour costs about $132,000;
2. with a capacity of 2 tons / hour will cost 196 thousand dollars;
3. the price of the line for 4.5 tons / hour is about 408 thousand dollars.

The price for a finished line, providing a capacity of 300 kg of product per hour, is about 1 million rubles. In the same case, if there is a room (own suburban area) and raw materials (wood waste at the lowest price or free of charge for pickup), then investments, taking into account organizational moments, will amount to a little more than 1 million rubles.

Implementation and expansion of production

The sale of manufactured products can be carried out through the following channels:

• wholesale firms that export goods abroad;
• you can open your own online store;
• sale through own outlets in the construction and economic markets;
• sales to organizations that sell in construction markets and supermarkets.

One of the best ways business expansion for the sale of products based on sawdust is cooperation with municipalities.

The fact is that oil-fired boilers are installed in many formations. Their efficiency is many times lower than the efficiency of pellet boilers. If agreed with local authorities on the replacement of oil pellet boilers(at the expense of budgetary funds) and the supply of your products, then everyone benefits.

Local authorities receive significant savings during the heating season, and fuel producers receive a significant channel for selling their own products.

It is also worth paying attention to areas where there is no gasification.

In such areas, it is possible with considerable success for business to sell fuel briquettes.

But first it is necessary to explain the advantages of boilers operating on fuel briquettes.

Business expansion opportunities will thus be achieved by increasing the number of sales of manufactured products.

Difficulties

The difficulties that may arise in the implementation of this business are usually reduced to several points:

• transportation of finished products over long distances is not always profitable;
• when certifying, for example, fuel pellets, certain difficulties may arise. The second point is the composition of the fuel: it should not contain more than 30% bark;
• for the full implementation of finished products, it will be necessary to independently search for consumers;
• Control over workers in production is a must for any type of business.

On the other hand, the domestic market of our country needs more and more various wood processing products, and demonstrates full readiness for their use.

Where to start and the price of the question

Production activities require the presence of an individual entrepreneur or LLC under the USN taxation system (6% or 15%, respectively). For the operation of the enterprise it is required:

• 2-3 handymen;
• driver;
• accountant;
• sales manager.

A business based on the use of wood waste, if properly organized, can bring significant profit. At the same time, the level of investments can vary from the smallest to the largest. Which production to choose depends on the level of opportunities and claims.

Due to the huge amount of wood waste to be processed in our country and their affordability, it makes sense to start Earn Money in this industry.

Using such waste as raw materials, businesses will help solve a number of pressing environmental problems:

• cleaning forest areas from wood waste, preventing their decay;
• prevention of forest fires;
• when used as a fuel, there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
• contributes to the conservation of forests.

conclusions

In Western Europe and many other countries, in recent decades, they have turned their faces to ecological fuels, as well as to non-waste types of production in general.

With the active support of the state and subsidies from it in support of these types of businesses, we can soon expect more active development commercial projects based on the processing of wood waste.

The tendencies developing in the West are always or almost always the forerunners of commercial trends in our country, so it may be worth taking a closer look at them.

Given the ever-increasing global demand for environmentally friendly and cheap energy, people with a commercial streak should hurry to take this most profitable and promising business niche which is just starting to fill up.

This is how a wood chipper works:

In contact with

The purpose of this project is the organization of wood processing production. This project is designed for three years with a payback of 21 months. To implement the project, a fairly large start-up capital is required, namely 2,670,000 rubles. This cost includes the following components:
purchase of equipment;
installation and adjustment of equipment;
training.
The production technology makes it possible to obtain a dry edged board from the original raw material - wood (sawlog). This product can be sold both domestically and for export. This production technology makes it possible to obtain a packaged final product from sawlogs, ready for sale and transportation.
As resources in production here will be used softwood, advantage it will be spruce.
Because demand exceeds supply, then the total expected demand per month will be equal to the production capacity, which is equal to 200 cubic meters with a production cycle of 7 days.
Potential consumers of these products can be factories that make furniture, various construction companies, companies specializing in repairs, as well as woodworking plants. Moreover, in given time there is an active construction of cottage settlements, which, of course, increases the overall volume of demand, including our products.
The production technology is quite simple and it will not be difficult for workers to learn how to work with machines on their own.

The technology itself is as follows: the supplied resources are loaded by 2 people into a sawmill, from where, after a while, raw boards come out (without clear edges and unsuitable for sale); then these boards in the amount of 50 cubic meters are loaded into the drying chamber by two other workers, where they go through the drying process for 5-7 days (chips and sawdust from the production process are used as "fuel"; after this time, already dry boards fall into the edger machine (operated by one worker operator) where the product is finished forming and takes the form of a product for sale, and in the last stage, the boards are packed using a special packing machine under the direction of a worker operator, the product is completely ready for sale. technology per month produces 200 m3 per month.
The volume of sales in physical terms will be 600 (200 * 3), and the sales volume in terms of money will be 2,400,000 rubles. (600*4000) for one quarter.
For the organization of production, the following equipment is required:
1. Sawmill LP-80 Vanguard (mechanical carriage feed, log diameter up to 800mm). Estimated price is 200,000 rubles.
2. Drying chamber PAP-SPM-21 (aerodynamic, loading volume 50 cubic meters). Price - 1,700,000 rubles.
3. Edge trimming machine LB 100-3 (LLK-1) (with hydrokant, log diameter 600mm, production 2.2 cubic meters per hour). Price - 540,000 rubles.
4. Packing machine MP-3D (collar) (thermo-packing into molded film, pneumatic thermal knife). Price - 200,000 rubles.
According to the project, equipment is purchased at the best conditions offered by suppliers within 40 days.
The total number of staff is 12 people. Eight people are needed for the actual production process, which includes:
laying logs in the sawmill, working at the sawmill, receiving boards from the sawmill and loading them into the drying chamber, monitoring the correct operation of the drying chamber, unloading the finished product from the drying chamber and reloading it into a packaging machine, storing finished products. The salary of each worker will be 9,000 rubles per month. You also need an accountant with a salary of 15,000 rubles, a manager (director) with a salary of 20,000 rubles. It also requires two sales managers who will carry out and organize sales. The salary of managers will be 10,000 rubles per month.
For the production of one cubic meter of dry edged board according to the accepted technology, 2 cubic meters of sawlogs are required (losses in the form of sawdust and water evaporation are approximately 50%). Because the price of a cubic meter of sawlogs is 1,100 rubles, then the cost of a cubic meter of dry edged board will be 2,200 rubles. As for the costs, they are presented below.
The cost of purchasing technological equipment will amount to 2,640,000 rubles. It also requires investments in commissioning in the amount of 30,000 rubles.
At the moment, the average market price for this type of product is in the range of 4,500 rubles. up to 5 000 r. With the help of this investment project, it will be possible to produce a similar product at a price of 4,000 rubles. This makes it possible to capture the market with greater ease and at lower cost than competitors can do.
As already noted above, there are many competitors on the market, but demand is also large and exceeds supply. Demand in the market is seasonal, in summer sales may increase, which is not surprising, because. construction, installation and repair work in a larger volume is carried out just the same in the summer.

Market trends show that:
1. Demand will exceed supply for at least a few more years.
2. The price of timber is rising more slowly than the price of plank.
The main competitive advantage in this case the price will be significantly lower than the market price.
According to the financial plan, 2,670,000 rubles of initial investment is required to implement the investment project. With the help of the Project Expert program, the loan amount needed to organize the project and carry out the follow-up activities was calculated. The loan amount turned out to be 3,073,708.92 rubles at an 18% rate. We assume that interest will be paid monthly, and the loan will also be repaid in part every month.
Gross revenue per month will be 800,000 rubles (excluding January and February). Considering all costs, taxable income will be negative for the first six months.
An enterprise that will work therefore completed project will be able to pay taxes under the simplified taxation system. Those. at a rate of 15% of the difference between income and expenses.
It should be noted that in the project the price of products remains unchanged for three years. In this case, it is assumed that the inflation rates for resources and for the final product will be the same. Or in other words, the profitability of sales will not change. This assumption is justified and is relevant due to the difficulty of predicting inflation in Russia for certain goods.
Now, regarding the effectiveness of the investment project.
It should be noted that in this case a pessimistic version of the project evaluation has been developed. Minimum sales prices have been taken, staff salaries have been increased, and equipment is not the cheapest.
So, firstly, the enterprise begins to work in profit in six months, and the profit by the end of the project will be 121,666.67 rubles.
Secondly, the payback period (the time required to cover the initial investment from the net cash flow generated by the investment project) under pessimistic conditions is 21 months. The discounted payback period is 24 months. It can be noted here that if there are more favorable conditions for the company's operating activities, which correspond to the current market situation, then the payback period will decrease to 16 months.
Third, the average rate of return (ARR) is 63.5%. The average rate of return represents the profitability of the project as the ratio between the average annual income from its implementation and the value of the initial investment.
Fourth, the net present value (NPV) in three years will be 1,581,129 rubles. Net present value represents the absolute value of income from the implementation of the project, taking into account the expected change in the value of money.
And fifthly, the profitability index (PI) is 1.52.
Thus, after analyzing all the main performance indicators of the project, we can conclude that the project is realizable and brings a fairly good profit.

Wood is a building material that is used in almost all areas of human life. In some cases, the consumption of this material is not entirely economical, resulting in a lot of unclaimed raw materials.

Many enterprises send about 50% of their wood there. Some entrepreneurs have realized that recycling as a business is quite a profitable business. In addition, it can be organized in just a few months, unlike, for example, from.

Types of organic fuel

The following types of fuel are produced from crushed recyclable woodworking materials:

1. Briquettes. They are obtained from waste wood. Since the briquettes have enough high density They keep burning up to 8 hours. Such fuel does not emit carbon monoxide and at the same time creates stable heat in the room. After the combustion of the briquette, only 1–7% of ash remains.
2. Pellets look like granules. This fuel provides high calorific value.

These types of fuel are in great demand, not only in our country, but also abroad. Recycling wood waste is quite profitable and profitable business which will provide you with a stable income.

Processing methods

A good profit can be made on the briquetting of wood waste and the production of pellets. As a result of such processing, a cheap energy carrier is obtained, which is very popular among the population. In addition, this fuel does not pollute the environment. For the manufacture of pellets, small sawdust is used, and larger chips are suitable for briquetting.

Also, waste processing makes it possible to use the cubic residue of coniferous wood. This is the sediment that forms after cooking woody greens and bark. This substance is rich in vitamins, carotene and organic acids, which have a beneficial effect on people. Feed meal can be made from solid waste of cedar or pine.

We draw up a business plan

Before you start opening a wood waste processing plant, we recommend that you draw up a detailed business plan.

In a waste management business plan, the following points should be considered:

1. Legal registration of documents;
2. Purchase of equipment;
3. Premises rental;
4. The technological process is fully described;
5. Selection of employees for work at the enterprise;
6. Calculation of expenses and profits;
7. A plan for the development of the enterprise in the future (for example, entering a foreign market).

Registration

Before you open a wood waste processing business, you need to register as a private entrepreneur or LLC, as well as get all Required documents. No license is required for this type of activity.

Equipment selection

To open a business, you need to purchase equipment for processing wood waste. It includes:

• Hammer crusher;
• Chopping machine.

A chipper is needed for processing large wood waste. The result is technological chips. After that, it is processed in a hammer mill. The resulting raw material is briquetted and used as fuel.

In these units, wood waste is crushed. With their help, you can process large or small raw materials. It is passed through a special grid, with which the size of the fraction is determined. After this process, the chips are fed into the hopper of a pellet or briquetting press. If wet raw materials are used for the production of briquettes, the chips are pre-dried, after which pallets or briquettes are made from it.

Briquettes

A mini-plant for processing wooden waste can be purchased for 1 million rubles.

To equip it, you will need the following equipment:

• Unit for drying and grinding waste;
• Forming press for briquettes;
• Devices for product packaging;
• Warehouse equipment.

It should be noted that the processing of wood waste into briquettes is a fairly simple production that does not require special knowledge and skills.

Pellet production

Buying a mini-factory for the production of pellets is a profitable purchase for any businessman. Considering that such fuel is used both in industrial and domestic conditions, it can be understood that the demand for such products is quite high. The burning time of pellets and their calorific value largely depends on what raw materials were used for their manufacture. Most best option- it's sawdust.

The mini-plant is equipped with the following equipment:

• Crushers;
• Dryers;
• Cooling equipment;
• Granulator;
• Packaging equipment.
• Staff

For the continuous operation of a mini-plant for the processing of wood chips, 5 people will be needed:

• 2 people load the raw material into the dryer;
• 2 people pour dried raw materials into a press extruder;
• 1 person is engaged in packaging of finished products.

As for special skills and training, this is optional. It is enough that one person has a technical education. The production shift should be 8 hours, with one hour devoted to equipment maintenance. For continuous production, three teams of workers will be needed.

room

The room in which the processing of wood waste into chips will be carried out must have an area of ​​​​at least 120 square meters. meters. Ceiling height 5 meters. There are no special requirements for the premises.

In addition to the production workshop, it is also necessary to equip warehouses for raw materials and finished products.

For general construction work, you will have to spend:

• Repair - 1800 dollars.
• Living conditions for employees - $ 500.
• Electrical wiring - $ 400.
• Security and fire alarms - $500.
• Ventilation - $600.

Profit

If the machines for processing wood waste work smoothly, the company's profit for the month will be 882 thousand rubles. Invested funds will pay off in just 3 months.

Working 8 hours a day with days off, you will make a profit of 267 thousand rubles per month. In this case, the briquetting line will pay off in 9 months.

Related videos Related videos

Summing up

Fuel briquettes are the most economical and popular type of fuel. They can be made not only from wood waste, but also from sunflower husks, oat husks and any other agricultural raw materials. Fuel briquettes have excellent calorific value. It is almost the same as that of charcoal.

Nowadays, many people save on natural gas, so fuel briquettes are in great demand. They are in great demand in the market, as gas prices are constantly rising. Nowadays, many small enterprises offer wood waste processing services. The funds invested in production are returned in just a few months.