The latest mine detectors, a multifunctional knife, a modernized demining kit, and simply a sapper suit, all this was seen by Defend Russia correspondents at the anniversary of the Research Testing Institute of Engineering Troops. New developments are just beginning to enter the troops, and we can tell you about them right now.

October 6 Central Research and Testing Institute of Engineering Troops of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation celebrated its 95th anniversary. Over the years of its existence, the institute has created thousands of unique engineering weapons. At the anniversary, the guests were shown the latest developments. Here is some of them.

Each set includes: 6 suits-protective sets of the Sokol sapper, 6 protective helmets LSHZ-2DTM. Each suit has two transport bags and two sets of thermal underwear - summer and winter. Each costume also comes with a Swipe-3 combat knife and a flashlight.

The new set is unique. Similar elements are found, but there are no kits in the same assembly.

Combined-arms demining kit OVR-2. Photo: Andrey Luft/Defend Russia

The suit is much lighter than its predecessor and weighs about eight kg. This significantly increases the duration of the work of sappers. Titanium protective panels have been replaced with extruded polyethylene, which also reduces the weight of the suit. In addition, the protection of the collar zone and vital organs has been strengthened.

This set retains protective properties when hit from 5 meters with a PM pistol and a TT pistol (bullet 5.45, bullet 7.62).

The cost of the kit is quite low for such equipment and is about 1 million rubles.

Since the beginning of this year, the kit has been actively used by engineering troops during the continuous demining of the area on the territory of the Chechen Republic.

The device is designed to search for wired control lines for explosive devices. The portable finder is capable of detecting a 20-meter SPP-2 type wire at a distance of 4 meters from either end and at a depth of 30 centimeters in the ground.

It consists of an electronics unit with remote control of the indication, a carrier frame of three telescopic rods, a generator coil and a receiving coil. Manufactured using modern composite materials, modern electronic base. The portable finder can be easily folded and placed in a transport case.

There is nothing complicated in working with the device. When turned on, the device is immediately ready to work - to search. The presence of a wire or a wired line is indicated by an LED scale.

This is a completely domestic development. The portable finder was created with the participation of specialists from the department engineering intelligence institute. The price of the device is comparable to the prices of foreign analogues and is about three hundred thousand rubles.

The portable finder was accepted for supply in 2013 and has already proven itself with positive side. The device was used in the preparation and conduction Olympic Games in Sochi.

Portable finder of wired lines for controlling explosive devices PIPL. Photo: Andrey Luft/Defend Russia

Designed to replace the current IMP mine detectors in service today. The device is designed to detect anti-personnel and anti-tank mines, the body, fuses and parts of which are made of metal.

Currently, mine detectors are routinely purchased and delivered to the subdivisions.

Portable mine detector IMP-S2 is made using modern materials and modern radio-electronic base. The use of plastic helped to significantly reduce the weight of the device.

Portable induction selective mine detector IMP-S 2. Photo: Andrey Luft/Defend Russia

Portable detector of non-contact explosive devices INVU-3 M

Designed for remote detection of mine-explosive devices with electronic fuses - radio-electronic components, circuits and transistors. The antenna unit and the radar unit with the control panel are located in front, in the hands of the sapper. To reduce the mass of that part of the mine detector, which is in the hands of the military, the electronics unit and the battery are placed on the back of the sapper.

Design

The kit is placed in a non-separable reusable wooden box with overall dimensions of 940x450x335 mm.
The mass of the set is not more than 50 kg.
Constructions constituent parts"KR-i" provide multiple use (at least 15 times) with the exception of cases of their destruction during detonation.
Warranty period of operation is 1 year from the date of commencement of operation within the warranty period of storage, set equal to 3 years.

The kit "KR-i" includes:

INDUCTION SEMICONDUCTOR MINO DETECTOR, IMP

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
RB2. 471. 003 TO Rev. 2-65

PART I

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

PURPOSE

Semiconductor induction mine detector for individual use IMP is designed to search for anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, installed in the ground (snow), whose bodies or fuses are made of metal. The mine detector allows you to detect mines installed in the bush, grass and fords.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

1. Depth of detection by a mine detector of mines installed in the ground (snow), cm, not less than:
a) anti-tank mine TM-46 ...... 40
b) anti-tank mine TMD-B .......... 12
c) anti-personnel mine PMD-6 with a metal fuse MUV..................................8

2. The width of the mine search zone with a mine detector, cm:
a) for mines TM-46, not less ...... 30
b) for TMD-B mines ........ 20 ± 5
c) for mines PMD-6 ........ 20 ± 5

3. The mine detector allows you to search for mines in the water with the immersion of the search element to a depth, m. up to 1

4. Residual voltage level, mV, no more. . 80

5. Stable operation of the mine detector without adjustment, min., not less than 10

6. Distance between two working mine detectors, m, not less than .................... 7

7. Current sources-elements 373 GOST 12333-74 with a total voltage of 5.0 to 6.2 V, pcs. ... four

8. Duration of continuous operation with one set of current sources, h, not less than ....... 100

9. Operating temperature range, K from 243 to 323

10. The total weight of the mine detector, kg, no more ... 6.6

11. Weight of the search engine, kg, no more.... 2.4

8. COMPOSITION OF THE PRODUCT

The composition of the mine detector includes the following main elements and components:

1. Search element .......... 1 pc.

2. Amplifying block .......... 1 pc.

3. Rod (three knees) .......... 1 pc.

4. Headphones .......... 1 pc.

5. Bag............1 pc.

6. Stacking case .......... 1 pc.

7. Belt............1 pc.

8. Equivalent setting.........1 pc.

9. Screwdriver .............. 1 pc.

10. Grinding skin (10 cm2) ....... 1 pc.

11. Technical description and instruction manual. . 1 copy

12. Form ............... 1 copy:

Elements 373 GOST 12333-74 are not supplied by the factory.

4. DESIGN AND OPERATION OF THE PRODUCT

In the search element of the mine detector, two receiving and one generator coils are placed. The receiving coils are located in the electromagnetic field of the generator coil so that the total e. D; e., induced in them, is approximately equal to zero.

To compensate for the unbalancing voltage of the receiving coils due to changes in temperature and nature environment serves as a phase-amplitude compensator.

A change in the connection between the transmitter and receiver coils of the search element when metal objects are introduced into the field of the transmitter coil causes an unbalance signal, which is amplified by the amplifier and heard in telephones.

DEVICE OF COMPONENT PARTS OF THE PRODUCT

search element

The search element is a frame, in the grooves of which the generator and two receiving coils are installed. At one end of the frame there is a generator loop capacitor.

ATTENTION! Protect the search element from shock.

Search element frame fig. 2 is placed in casing 6, which protects it from mechanical damage. The casing consists of two parts, glued in the middle, and is closed with a union nut 3. A seal is installed under the union nut between the casing and the frame.

The threaded part of the union nut is coated with moisture-resistant grease.

The connection of the search element with the amplifying unit is carried out by cable 2 with the insertion of the ShR connector.

The search element is connected to the holder 4 by means of a clamp 5 enclosing the casing.

To eliminate the influence of the rod metal on the search element, the holder is made of textolite.

The location of the clamp on the casing is strictly fixed, which corresponds to the least influence of the metal parts of the rod on the operation of the search system.

ATTENTION! Install the frame of the search element into the casing with the mark towards the holder.

ATTENTION! Disassembly of the search element in the field is unacceptable.

5.2. Amplifying block

Reinforcing block fig. 3 consists of two parts: a dur-aluminum base 10 with a top cover 3 and a steel box 11 with a hinged bottom cover 15.

A board 16 is installed on the base, on which elements of the generator and amplifier, and potentiometers of the phase-amplitude compensator 9 are mounted, there is a compartment for current sources.

On the top cover 3 are placed:

Connector block ШР 20 for connecting the cable of the search element with the amplifying unit;

Cap 5, which is screwed onto the Shp 20 connector block when not in use and serves to protect the connector parts from damage, contamination and moisture ingress;

Telephone jacks 6, into which the plug of telephones is inserted during operation;

Toggle switch 7 for turning on and off current sources;

Two knobs 8 of the compensator, which serve to fine-tune the mine detector.

The axes of two coarse-tuning potentiometers of the phase-amplitude compensator 9 are brought out through the cover 3 under the slot.

The base is fixed to the box with the help of two screws 4. Carabiners 12 are installed on the side walls of the box, which serve to fasten the shoulder strap when working with a mine detector without a canvas bag.

The box has a hinged bottom cover 15 connected to it by means of a hinge and a lock 13. The bottom cover is designed for access to the power source compartment and for connecting 14 current sources to each other using a contact spring.

A rubber seal 2 is installed between the top cover and the base. A seal is also installed on the bottom cover. For ease of use, the amplifying unit is placed in a canvas bag.

5.3. Barbell

For ease of transportation and the possibility of a sapper working in the “lying” or “standing” position, the rod is collapsible and consists of three knees made of duralumin pipes.

5.4. Case laying

The stowage case is made of duralumin and is designed to accommodate all mine detector components during transportation and carrying. The lid is hinged to the case and closed with two tension locks. Brackets are installed inside the stacking case to secure the mine detector assemblies. The stowage case is adapted for carrying in hands and behind the back.

ORDER OF WORK WITH THE MINO DETECTOR

Holding the search element by the bar and continuously moving it in front of you to the right and left, move forward in a given direction. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the search element moves parallel to the ground surface at a distance of 5 to 7 cm from it. When moving along the reconnaissance strip, the sapper must move the search element forward no more than half of its length, while it is necessary to carefully ensure that the entire area of ​​the reconnaissance area is examined by the mine detector.

Having heard a signal on the phones (the appearance of a fundamental tone), the sapper must stop and clarify the location of the mine.

Depending on the task, he must either start removing the mine, or designate its location.

To determine the location of the mine, the search element must be carefully moved forward, where the appearance of the signal was recorded, until a minimum sound is received in the telephones. If, with a further slight movement of the search element forward or backward, the signal in the phones increases, then the mine is located under the center of the search element. If, when moving the search element forward, the signal in the phones does not increase, then it is necessary, by moving the search element back, to locate the mine using the same method.

The mine is located under the center of the search element only if, when moving it forward or backward, the signal in the phones increases.

As necessary, the mine detector should be adjusted, achieving the minimum volume of the main tone.

It should be remembered that the sensitivity of the mine detector is determined by the thoroughness of its settings.

In all other respects, strictly follow the requirements of the instructions for safety measures when clearing the area.

ATTENTION! Small metal masses (fuzes) can cause a weak signal, so when searching, the sapper must pay attention Special attention to detect these signals.

Features of the operation of the mine detector when searching fords

When clearing fords, the mine detector is assembled to work in a standing position.

The length of the strap of the bag with the reinforcement block must be adjusted so that the bag does not touch the water.

The assembled mine detector is adjusted in the usual manner on land, and then, when the search element is lowered into the water to a depth of 1 m, the mine detector is adjusted.

When setting up a mine detector in water, the search element must be removed from the ground at a distance of 10 to 20 cm.

ATTENTION! Before lowering the search element into the water, it is necessary to completely tighten the cap nut to prevent water from entering.

When installing a mine detector, the search element must be located at a distance of 1 m from the soil, and within a radius of 1-1.5 m there should not be any metal objects and mine detectors working nearby would not be closer than 6 m.

By turning both knobs of the compensator, one by one achieves a gradual decrease in the volume of the control background, which is heard in phones, and then its complete disappearance. At the same time, only a weak sound of a higher frequency than the main control one can be heard in the telephones of the masses.

To check, you need to bring the search element to a metal object. If the main background sound with increased volume appears in the phones, the mine detector is set up correctly, and if the sound in the phones is weak at first, and then its volume starts to grow, the mine detector settings are incorrect.

When setting 1MP, you should achieve the lowest volume of the control sound in phones.

With the help of a mine detector, IMPs detect:

Anti-tank mines with metal cases, installed in the ground at a depth of up to 40 cm, in water - up to 1.2 m;

Mines with wooden, fabric and plastic cases and metal fuses are found in the soil at a depth of up to 12 cm;

Anti-personnel high-explosive mines with metal fuses - up to 8 cm.

When searching for mines with a mine detector, the search element is continuously and smoothly mixed in a horizontal plane parallel to the ground at a height of 5-7 cm in a strip 1.5 m wide (in the "standing" position and up to 1 m (in the "lying" position).

In the case of a search element over a mine (metal object), changes in the tone of the sound are heard in the headphones (it rises). In this case, the soldier must stop, clarify the place, nature and position of the found object using a probe.

Rice. 39. Search for mines with a mine detector IMP:

a- IMP mine detector; b- search for mines in the "standing" position; in- search for mines in the "lying" position; 1 - rod; 2 - search element; 3 - main telephone; 4 - gain block

Sets of means of reconnaissance and demining KR-I, KR-V designed to detect, mark and remove With installation sites for anti-tank, anti-personnel mines and booby traps.

Table 17

Composition of demining kits KR-I and KR-0

Assembly probe designed to search for mines installed in the ground at a depth of 10-15 cm, which are used in reconnaissance of mine-explosive obstacles, making passages in them and during continuous demining of the area.

The prefabricated probe consists of a steel pointed tip 310 mm long, 5 mm in diameter and a handle, which is assembled from three separate links. Probes can be made in the army in the form of a handle and a metal tip attached to it with a diameter of 5-7 mm. To search for mines in the "standing" position, probes are made 1.5-2 m long, and to search for mines in the "lying" position - 0.8 m.

When working in the "standing" position, the probe is held at an angle of 20-45 ° to the ground surface, and they gently pierce the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm every 10-20 cm. When working in the "lying" position, the probe is held almost parallel to the ground surface.

If the probe touches a solid object in the event of a ground puncture, then its contour is clarified with additional punctures. If a mine is found, its location is indicated by a flag or other sign.

Four-legged cat with a rope 30 m long is used to remove identified mines from the installation site, to destroy tension mines, as well as to move mined objects from their place.

Rice. 40. Four-legged cat

1 - cord; 2 - paws, consisting

The cat has a rod, four folding legs and a shaped nut to secure the legs in the folded position. A ring for tying a rope is attached to the cat's rod. The weight of the cat is 580 g.

To remove the mine from the place of installation, it is grabbed by the cat by the most convenient and safe part (for example, the handle of the mine) and carefully from the shelter or "lying" position at a distance of at least 30 m from the mine is moved from the place of installation.

For reconnaissance or destruction of anti-personnel mines of tension action, the cat is taken in the hand so that the paws (claws) are pressed against the rod, but the shaped nut is released and does not hold them. After the cat is thrown, the paws open freely and, in the case of pulling it up with a rope, they hook on the stretched wire min. The presence of mines is determined by their explosions.

black and white ribbon made of cotton fabric 100 m long is designed to mark the passage in minefields. Tape width 43 mm. The black and white sections of the tape are each 0.5 m long. In addition, every 5 m, the tape has marks 5, 10, 15, 20, etc., according to the distance in meters from the beginning of the tape.

The tape is wound on a special reel and carried in a tarpaulin case. During operation, the spool of tape is attached to the sapper's waist belt, and the free end of the tape is fixed to the ground with a wire pin. The tape is unwound from the reel as the sapper moves.

Checkboxes designed to indicate discovered mines.

Flags are metal (plastic), triangular in shape, red in color, with a white convex letter "M".

The metal rods of the flags have two brackets for building them up if they are installed in high vegetation. Flags are carried in tarpaulin covers of 10 pcs. in everyone.

Wire shears used when making passages in wire fences.

To work out the passage manually, departments are appointed with search tools, equipment for neutralizing (destroying) mines and marking the passage.

Rice. 41. Working out a passage in a minefield by a squad that is equipped with mine detectors (dimensions in mm)

1-6 - numbers of calculation with mine detectors; 7 - squad leader; 8 - black and white ribbon; 9 - one-way sign to mark the passage

Anti-personnel weapons can be placed in anti-tank minefields. fragmentation mines with stretch marks. For their trawling / and 6 the rooms have a cat with a rope 30 meters long. Only after sweeping anti-personnel mines in the zone of the intended passage to a depth of 10-15 meters, the calculation begins to search for anti-tank mines. The operation is repeated until the end of the passage through the entire depth of the minefield.

The department is deployed by speaking to the left or right. The first number, maintaining the marked direction along the intended reference point (azimuth), moves forward, searches for mines with a mine detector and marks the left (right) border of the passage with a black and white tape.

By performing to the right (left) of the 1st number at a distance of 10-15 meters from each other, other numbers advance. They are guided by the ends of a black and white ribbon (15 m long) attached to the waist belt of each number. The last, 6th number, to indicate the right (left) border of the passage, entails a black and white tape, which is unwound from the reel. The first number, having completed the search, remains to guard the passage; The 2nd and 3rd numbers return to the starting line, guided by a black and white ribbon stretched by the 1st number, take signs and mark the borders of the passage with them: the 2nd - on the left, the 3rd - on the right.

Equipped with mine detectors and probes The department is divided into three calculations, two rooms each.

Rice. 42. Working out a passage in a minefield by a squad that has mine detectors and probes (dimensions in m):

1 - numbers of calculation on probes, 2 - numbers of calculations with mine detectors; FROM- part-commander; 4 - black and white tape; 5 - one-way sign to mark the passage

In the event of entering the minefield, the 1st calculation, maintaining a given direction, searches for mines in a strip 2.5-3 m wide (the first numbers with probes, the others with mine detectors). Each number of the 1st calculation entails a 15 m long black and white ribbon attached to the waist belt. The first number of the 2nd calculation and the 2nd number of the 3rd calculation attract black and white ribbons, unwind from reels, with these ribbons marking the boundaries of the passage.

Anti-personnel fragmentation mines with trip wires can be placed in anti-tank minefields. For their trawling, two people with cats are appointed. Only after sweeping anti-personnel mines in the zone of the intended passage to a depth of 15-20 m, the crews begin to search for anti-tank mines. The operations are repeated until the end of the passage through the entire depth of the minefield.

Detected mines are either removed and removed outside the passage, or marked for the purpose of their subsequent collection by cats or destruction on the spot with overhead charges.

Passages in minefields in front of the forward edge are marked with one-sided signs, they must be sufficiently visible from the side of our troops and imperceptible from the side of the enemy.

Rice. 43. Designation of passages one-sided with light signals (dimensions in cm):

1 - light signal; 2 - one-sided sign (30 * 30 cm); 3 - pass

To ensure the passage of troops through the aisles, a commandant's service is organized.

Passages are marked with signs with the same numbers as the paths that approach them. For every three to six passages, a commandant is appointed.

The commandant performs the following actions in advance:

Establishes communication with the commanders of units and subunits, for the need for which passages have been made

Sets up curfews;

Sets a task for senior posts;

Organizes and controls their activities;

Distributes funds for the distribution of passages, their designation and closing.

Rice. 44. Scheme of commandant service on the aisles:

1-12 - regulators, 13-14 - department commanders, 15 - platoon commander; 16- signs to mark passages; 11 - signs to indicate the exit paths to the aisles

Each pass is assigned curfew consisting of 2-3 people. The senior post organizes the regulation of the movement of troops along the aisle, placing regulators at the beginning and end of the aisle, meets the subunits, approaches the aisle and ensures their passage.

Commandant's posts are provided with signal means for traffic control.

The organization of the commandant's service on the aisles is usually entrusted to the units of the engineering troops.

The operation of the IMP mine detector is based on the principle of inductive (or induction) balance. The basis of the induction balance is several inductors, one transmitting and one or two receiving, forming an inductive sensor. All coils are placed in space in such a way that the signal from the transmitting coil, in the absence of metal objects nearby, would not be induced to the receiving ones (or induced, but the signal induced in one coil would be subtracted from the signal of the other coil), that is, the entire system would be balanced and the output would be zero. If now a metal object appears near the sensor, the balance will be disturbed and an error signal will appear at the output, which can be amplified. The principle of induction balance is described in more detail in the article History of metal detectors.

The IMP mine detector uses a cylindrical sensor containing three coils - a transmitting TX located in the center of the sensor, and two receiving RX (Fig. 1.). All coils are located in the same plane, both receiving coils are placed symmetrically with respect to the transmitting one. At that moment, when the current in the transmitting coil is directed clockwise, the currents in the receiving coils will be directed in the opposite direction. This is due to the fact that current pickups between the nearest parts of the turns of two adjacent coils will be stronger than between the more distant parts of the turns of the coils.

Rice. 1. Scheme of the location of the coils in the IMP mine detector sensor

In order to get a zero signal, the signals from the receiving coils should be applied to the adder, as shown in Figure 2. Here, both receiving coils are turned on in antiphase - the beginning of one coil and the end of the other are connected to a common wire, so antiphase signals are fed to the summing resistor , which are mutually compensated. At the slightest violation of the balance of the system, a mismatch signal appears on the adder, this signal is amplified by a resonant amplifier and fed to headphones.

Rice. 2. A simplified diagram of a metal detector, explaining the principle of induction balance.

AT real scheme IMP mine detector (Fig. 3.) uses a slightly different principle of residual signal compensation. Here, a transformer is used instead of a summing resistor, and a small part of the signal from the master oscillator is mixed into the residual signal. The magnitude and phase of the signal coming from the master oscillator can be adjusted by variable resistors so that this signal is equal in amplitude and opposite in phase to the residual signal, so that a zero signal is set at the system output.

Rice. 3. Simplified diagram of the IMP mine detector

This method allows you to compensate not only the imbalance of the coils, but also the pickup of the master oscillator on the input circuits of the amplifier.

Electronic circuit mine detector IMP

The operating frequency of the IMP mine detector is 1.5 kHz. Consumed current - no more than 28 mA. Supply voltage - from 5.0 to 6.2 V (4 elements 373). Time of continuous operation from one set of fresh batteries - 100 hours.

Figure 4 shows circuit diagram mine detector. It consists of an oscillator producing a frequency of 1.5 kHz, a compensation device and a resonant amplifier with an operating frequency of 1.5 kHz and a voltage gain of about 1000 times.

The generator is made according to a push-pull scheme on two transistors T1 and T2 of the MP15 type. The generator coil is partially included in the collector circuits of transistors. The inductance of the transmitting coil is 45 mH, the number of turns is 970 PEV-0.33 wires, the taps are made from about a quarter of the turns, counting from each side. Winding resistance - 13 Ohm. The coil has a steel core. The operating frequency of the generator depends on the inductance of this coil and the capacitance of the capacitor C1.

The receiving coils have an inductance of 400 mH, they contain 3500 turns of PEV-0.1 wire wound on a frame with a diameter of approximately 35 mm.

The use of a push-pull generator in the IMP mine detector circuit is due to several reasons - firstly, at the time when this mine detector was being developed, only transistors of the same structure were available - p-n-p. Secondly, to power the push-pull generator circuit on transistors of the same structure, a lower voltage will be required compared to other generator circuits.

The compensation circuit is made on resistors R1 - R8 and capacitors C1 and C2. Variable resistors R5, R8 carry out coarse adjustment of the amplitude and phase, and resistors R2, R7 - smooth.

An alternating voltage enters the compensation circuit from one of the generator coil taps.

Fig 4. Schematic diagram of the IMP mine detector:
PC - receiving coil - 400 mH; GK - generator coils - 45 mH each; T1, T2 - MP15; T3..T5 - MP13B;
R1, R3 - 39k; R2 - 22k; R4, R6 - 4.7 mΩ; R5 - 100k; R7, R8 - 47k; R9 - 3k; R10 - 6.2k; R11 - 2.2k; R12-240; R13 - 5.6k;
R14 - 4.3k; R15 - 10k; R16-120; R17, R18 - 8.2k; R19 - 4.3k; R20, R29 - 82; R21, R26 - 4.7k;
R22, R27 - 1k; R23-270; R24 - 2.7k; R25-39; R28-120;
C1 - 5.1pF; C2 - 27pF; C3,C4 - 3.3nF; C5 - 10nF; C6 - 25uF; C7,C9 - 680pF; C8,C10,C13 - 0.25uF; C12 - 3.3nF;
Tf - Headphones TA-56M

On transistors T3..T5 type MP13B, a resonant amplifier is made. The signal to its input comes from the secondary winding of the step-down transformer Tr, the transformation ratio of which is approximately 3:1. Since the input impedance of the first stage of the amplifier, made on the transistor T1, is relatively low, the use of a step-down transformer makes it possible to match the low-resistance input of the amplifier with the high output impedance of the receiving coils. Other stages are also coordinated - transformers with a transformation ratio of 1: 8 are used here, the primary windings of which are partially included in the collector circuits of transistors T4, T5. Such partial inclusion (1/4 of the turns is included) avoids the deterioration of the quality factor. Together with capacitors C7, C9, the primary windings of both transformers form resonant circuits tuned to a frequency of 1.5 kHz. Headphones TA-56M, included in the collector circuit of the transistor T5, together with the capacitor C12, form a resonant circuit tuned to the same frequency, which makes it possible to increase the sound volume in the headphones.

When the supply voltage is applied to the circuit, the master oscillator is started, and an alternating magnetic field is formed around the generator coil. This field is induced in both receiving coils, as a result of which an alternating current begins to flow in them. The receiving coils are connected in such a way that the currents flowing in them are mutually compensated and the system is balanced. Due to technical difficulties that do not allow to manufacture a search element with a perfectly correct mutual arrangement receiving coils and due to the spread of inductance values, there will always be some kind of residual signal in the oppositely connected coils. To suppress it, a compensation scheme is applied.

If there are no metal objects near the mine detector sensor and the residual signal is suppressed by the compensation system, then there will be no signal at the input of the resonant amplifier. If now a metal object appears near the search sensor, then due to the perturbation magnetic field the system will be unbalanced, and a signal will appear at the input of the amplifier, which can be heard in the headphones.

The latest mine detectors, a multifunctional knife, a modernized demining kit, and simply a sapper suit, all this was seen by Defend Russia correspondents at the anniversary of the Research Testing Institute of Engineering Troops. New developments are just beginning to enter the troops, and we can tell you about them right now.

On October 6, the Central Research and Testing Institute of Engineering Troops of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation celebrated its 95th anniversary. Over the years of its existence, the institute has created thousands of unique engineering weapons. At the anniversary, the guests were shown the latest developments. Here is some of them.

Combined-arms demining kit OVR-2

Each set includes: 6 suits-protective sets of the Sokol sapper, 6 protective helmets LSHZ-2DTM.

"Falcon" is able to protect the sapper from pistol bullets flying at speeds up to 550 m / s, although it is intended mainly to protect against fragments generated when explosive devices are triggered while escorting columns, during special operations to clear the area, etc.

The weight of the suit is only 8.5 kg, which allows the sapper to carry out a set of demining tasks in it throughout the day, in contrast to the existing protective kit ZKS-1 "Dublon", which weighs more than 40 kg.

The armor plates of the Falcon are made of lightweight and high-strength polyethylene, and not steel, as in other suits. The sapper in the Falcon also becomes protected from mines that have a proximity fuse and react to the presence of metal nearby. The fabric of the top is made of non-combustible material.

"Falcon" is combined with regular elements of wearable equipment, including summer and winter uniforms, personal armor protection. OVR-1 retains its protective properties in the temperature range from minus 40 to plus 50 degrees, as well as when exposed to rain and sleet.

Armored helmet "LShZ 2DTM"

The helmet "LShZ-2DTM" is designed for periodic wear in order to protect against bullets small arms head of a person, as well as to protect the face and neck of a person from small arms bullets when the product is equipped with a visor and aventail.

The product consists of a body, an upper damper and a chin strap.

The protective structure of the body and aventail of the product consists of discrete fabric materials based on aramid threads.

The protective structure of the visor of the 1st protection class GOST R 50744-95 consists of a combination of polycarbonate glasses. The protective structure of the visor of the 2nd protection class consists of a combination of composite material and armored glass.

Main characteristics

The helmet body provides the level of head protection according to the 2nd class of GOST R 50744-95, the face according to the 1st or 2nd class, the neck according to the 2nd class of protection.

The protection area of ​​the helmet body is not less than 15.0 dm2, the visor for class 1 is 5.0 dm2.

The protection area of ​​the transparent part was taken according to the 2nd class - at least 1.5 dm2, of the composite part - 2.8 dm2.

The protection area of ​​aventail is not less than 5.5 dm2.

The mass of the helmet is not more than 4.45 kg.

Peculiarities

the product ensures the preservation of resistance to the effects of weapons in the operating temperature range from -40 to +40 ° C, when exposed to precipitation

when the product is shelled, the level of head injury does not exceed the II degree of severity in accordance with GOST R 50744-95

the optical properties of the visor provide the possibility of orientation of a person in space when wearing the product

the product does not lose its protective properties after falling from a height of 1 m onto a concrete base

Possibility of using gas masks PMK-2, PMK-3

Possibility of fastening technical means and attachments

Each suit has two transport bags and two sets of thermal underwear - summer and winter. Each costume also comes with a Swipe-3 combat knife and a flashlight.

The new set is unique. Similar elements are found, but there are no kits in the same assembly.

GENERAL DEMINING SET OVR-2.

The suit is much lighter than its predecessor and weighs about eight kg. This significantly increases the duration of the work of sappers. Titanium protective panels have been replaced with extruded polyethylene, which also reduces the weight of the suit. In addition, the protection of the collar zone and vital organs has been strengthened.

This set retains protective properties when hit from 5 meters with a PM pistol and a TT pistol (bullet 5.45, bullet 7.62). The cost of the kit is quite low for such equipment and amounts to about 1 million rubles. Since the beginning of this year, the kit has been actively used by engineering troops in the complete demining of the area on the territory of the Chechen Republic.

Portable finder of wired lines for controlling explosive devices PIPL

PORTABLE SEARCHER OF WIRED LINES FOR CONTROL OF EXPLOSIVE DEVICES PIPL. PHOTO: ANDREY LUFT / PROTECT RUSSIA

The device is designed to search for wired control lines for explosive devices. The portable finder is capable of detecting a 20-meter SPP-2 type wire at a distance of 4 meters from either end and at a depth of 30 centimeters in the ground.

It consists of an electronics unit with remote control of the indication, a carrier frame of three telescopic rods, a generator coil and a receiving coil. Manufactured using modern composite materials, modern electronic base. The portable finder can be easily folded and placed in a transport case.

There is nothing complicated in working with the device. When turned on, the device is immediately ready to work - to search. The presence of a wire or a wired line is indicated by an LED scale.

This is a completely domestic development. The portable seeker was created with the participation of specialists from the engineering intelligence department of the institute. The price of the device is comparable to the prices of foreign analogues and is about three hundred thousand rubles.

The portable finder was accepted for supply in 2013 and has already proven itself on the positive side. The device was used in the preparation and holding of the Olympic Games in Sochi.

Portable induction selective mine detector IMP-S2

Designed to replace the current IMP mine detectors in service today. The device is designed to detect anti-personnel and anti-tank mines, the body, fuses and parts of which are made of metal.

selective portable induction mine detector IMP-S and IMP-S2

IMP-S (IMP-S2) allows the operator to classify detected objects according to the totality of their electrophysical methods.

Provides detection and selection by generalized parameters of anti-tank and anti-personnel mines installed in the ground (snow, water).

Tactical and technical characteristics
Depth of detection of anti-tank (PTM) and anti-personnel (PPM) mines installed in the ground (snow, water), cm:
PTM type TM-62M (with MVCh-62 fuse)
PPM type PMN-2
PPM type TS-50
Time of continuous operation without replacing batteries, h
Number of power supplies LR-20 (AA), pcs
Transfer time from transport position in working, min	no more than 3
Search rate, m2/h	at least 300
Mine detector weight, kg: in working position in a packing case
Calculation, person

Currently, mine detectors are routinely purchased and delivered to the subdivisions.

The IMP-S2 portable mine detector is made using modern materials and a modern radio-electronic base. The use of plastic helped to significantly reduce the weight of the device.

P RETAINED INDUCTION SELECTIVE MINE DETECTOR IMP-S2. PHOTO: ANDREY LUFT / PROTECT RUSSIA

Purpose

The detector is designed to search for mines and improvised explosive devices equipped with electronic fuses (initiation systems) installed on the ground surface, in soil, snow, under road surfaces, as well as at various objects. The crawler detects with a high probability:

Proximity fuses for anti-tank, anti-vehicle and anti-personnel mines

Executive devices of radio electronic means remote control explosive barriers

Radio receivers, electronic and electromechanical timers, electronic sensors and contactors of improvised explosive device initiation systems

Autonomous reconnaissance and signaling devices

The finder can be used to locate weapons and ammunition caches.
The seeker is effective in detecting electronic devices and ski equipment in snowy debris.

Peculiarities

The highly sensitive two-channel receiving device (2nd and 3rd harmonics) reduces the number of "false alarms" from foreign metal objects.
Circularly polarized antennas eliminate the risk of “missing a target” when changing the orientation of the antenna system.
Step adjustment of the sensitivity of the receiving device (0 dB, -10 dB; -20 dB; -30 dB) allows you to optimally configure the device for operation in conditions of external electromagnetic interference.
The transmitting device has the ability to adjust the output power of the probing signal, which virtually eliminates the risk of triggering an explosive device from the influence of the electromagnetic radiation of the seeker.
The finder kit includes a shoulder bag for placing the units of the device during operation.
Antennas and a panel with controls and indications are combined into a single ergonomic design that provides convenient control of the finder's operating modes.
Reliable and durable nickel-cadmium battery 5NKGTS-7-1 provides a long time of continuous operation.
The charger provides in automatic mode the optimal mode of charging the battery.
The device is designed in dust and moisture-proof design, has a durable housing, maintains performance in a wide temperature range.

Advantages

Large detection range of guided mines and improvised explosive devices (up to 30 m).
The ability to detect explosive devices located behind various obstacles: concrete and brick walls, barbed wire and metal mesh fences, under asphalt and concrete road surfaces.
High search rate (40 - 50 times higher than the metal detector search rate).
light weight, modern design, ease of operation and ease of reading information.
Application safety.
Possibility of long-term operation in the field.

Specifications

	Portable pulse detector of non-linear transitions
Transmitter operating frequency
Transmitter output pulse power	200W/30W
Receiver sensitivity	150 dB/W (2nd and 3rd harmonic)
Signaling	Light and sound
Source of power
Current consumption	no more than 500 mA
Transfer time from transport position to working position
Time of continuous operation without changing the power supply (under normal conditions)	at least 8 hours
Operating temperature range	30°С...+50°С
Instrument in working position
Instrument set in a carrying bag
antenna unit

Designed for remote detection of mine-explosive devices with electronic fuses - radio-electronic components, circuits and transistors. The antenna unit and the radar unit with the control panel are located in front, in the hands of the sapper.

To reduce the mass of that part of the mine detector, which is in the hands of the military, the electronics unit and the battery are placed on the back of the sapper.

PORTABLE DETECTOR OF NON-CONTACT EXPLOSIVE DEVICES INVU-3M. PHOTO: ANDREY LUFT / PROTECT RUSSIA

Mine detector NR900EK "KITE"

Getting acquainted with the novelties of the modern metal detector market, you involuntarily begin to feel sorry for the heroes of Robert Stevenson, who could not find pirate treasures.

Modern metal detectors are powerful, multifunctional electronic devices that are not only capable of detecting the presence of metal in any environment without direct contact with it. They can be used to determine chemical composition, depth of occurrence and a number of different characteristics. Also, these devices are able to "discriminate" metals, i.e. work only on the specified view, completely ignoring the others.

The principle of operation of the detector is based on the measurement of secondary electromagnetic waves reflected by the metal.

The scope of these devices is huge. In addition to treasure hunters, they are readily used by geologists, builders, security personnel, etc. Metal detectors are even more actively used by the armed forces of all countries. Their main task is to detect mines and other metal devices.

This article will focus on a unique device, which, in terms of a number of characteristics, stands out noticeably even among highly specialized special detectors used by military specialists.

Non-linear locator NR900EK "KORSHUN"

The locator is designed to detect electronic devices located in the ground and on its surface. Its use allows you to find:

· Radio receivers and radio transmitters of various communication devices, signaling and control systems for remote objects;

· Electromechanical and electronic timers;

· Acoustic, optoelectronic and magnetic sensors and small cameras;

· Hidden structures made of metal;

· Electronic equipment for skiers caught in avalanches coming down from the mountains.

Such a wide functionality of the locator allows using it to solve a number of tasks, which include:

· Checking expensive and various objects for the presence of explosive devices, complete with electronic units;

· Carrying out operational-search actions and carrying out investigative measures aimed at finding various hiding places in which weapons, ammunition and explosive devices are hidden;

· Ensuring the safe functioning of various objects by detecting and neutralizing various devices of sabotage and terrorist orientation.

Application HP900EK "KORSHUN" has a number of features:

2-channel receiving device can significantly reduce the number of false positives;

· The polarized antenna eliminates the risk of missing an explosive device when it turns;

· Step adjustment of sensitivity of the device provides its optimum adjustment at fluctuations of intensity of an electromagnetic field.

As mentioned earlier, the unique characteristics of the device provide it with a number of operational advantages, which include:

· Ability to detect targets at a great distance;

· Ability to detect electronic devices in both active and passive states;

· Detect electronic devices that are behind various barriers;

· A well-thought-out layout of the locator provides the possibility of tactical landing;

· High rates of prospecting;

· Ergonomic and safe use;

· The powerful and reliable power supply provides long time of continuous work without its replacement or recharging.

All of the above provides HP900EK "KORSHUN", the "brainchild" of the domestic military industry, popularity and demand in the engineering units of the Russian army.

Sappers using locators work in pairs. The first number is engaged in the detection of explosive devices, the second - their neutralization.

A clear confirmation of the effectiveness of the use of this mine detector was its use by engineering and sapper units of the Southern Military District, which were engaged in mine clearance of roads and other military and social structure on the territory of Chechnya. In difficult conditions of rugged terrain, the locator demonstrated the highest accuracy of operations, which made it possible to ensure the safe operation of these objects in a short time.

The non-linear locator NR900EK "KORSHUN" is not classified. Information about it technical specifications and functionality is publicly available, which has led to "unhealthy" interest in the device from individuals. The effectiveness, and most importantly, the expediency of its use in the search for treasures, is doubtful. Members of private "search" expeditions should pay attention to other detectors that are freely available in any specialized store.

The newest Russian robotic demining system is Uran-6, which was created by JSC "766 UPTK" (Department of production and technological equipment, Moscow region). This sapper complex has already managed to pass acceptance tests in Chechnya - in the Sunzha region. Here, the Uran-6 robotic complex was engaged in the continuous cleaning of forests and agricultural land from a variety of explosive objects.

The new Uran-6 sapper robot is a caterpillar self-propelled radio-controlled minesweeper. Depending on the tasks that are set for the complex, up to 5 different trawls, as well as dozer blades, can be installed on it. The operator can control the complex at a distance of up to 1000 meters (the device has 4 video cameras that provide all-round visibility). The robotic sapper complex "Uran-6" is able to detect, identify and, on command, destroy any explosive object, the power of which does not exceed 60 kg of TNT. At the same time, the robot provides complete safety. personnel. Uran-6 munitions found on the ground are neutralized either by destroying them physically or by setting them into action.

O technical features The tested equipment was told to journalists by the general director of the enterprise 766 UPTK Dmitry Ostapchuk. According to him, the new Uran-6 robotic complex is designed to clear urban areas, as well as mountainous and lightly forested areas. This complex can be equipped with five different interchangeable tools: striker, roller and milling trawls, as well as a bulldozer blade and a mechanical tong. Several types of trawl are used to provide the ability to work with various types soils. For example, a fighting trawl is used on soft types of soil, a roller trawl is used on hard surfaces. Moving on flat terrain, the Uran-6 sapper robot can clear mines at a speed of up to 3 km/h, and on rocky terrain its speed is reduced to 0.5 km/h.

During the tests, which were carried out in Nikolo-Uryupino near Moscow, the Uran-6 complex, equipped with a roller trawl, was presented. This tool was a set of heavy rolls mounted on an axle that rolled along the surface of the earth in front of the sapper robot. The fighting trawl operates differently. It is arranged as follows: strikers are spun on a shaft on special chains, which develop a speed of up to 600-700 rpm and thresh on the ground, literally plowing the ground to a depth of 35 cm. And the third type of trawl - milling - has a distant resemblance to a cultivator. At the same time, the goal of all these devices is the same - to destroy what was found on the ground. explosive device or lead him to undermine. At the same time, the Uran-6 sapper robot is designed in such a way that rather strong explosions can constantly thunder right in front of it. The robot has armor, and its tools are able to withstand explosions of explosive devices with a capacity of up to 60 kg of TNT.

The weight of an armored sapper robot is rather big - about 6-7 tons, depending on the configuration. At the same time, the robot is equipped with a 190-horsepower engine, which provides it with a fairly high specific power - about 32-37 hp. per ton. The sapper robot, having a height of 1.4 meters, is able to overcome obstacles up to 1.2 meters high.

If we talk about the results of field tests of the robot, then according to the press service of the Southern Military District (SMD), they can be considered successful. From the end of July to the end of August 2014, the Uran-6 sapper robot managed to clear about 80 thousand square meters of agricultural land, while destroying about 50 explosive objects. During this time, no breakdowns or failures in the operation of the complex were recorded. Calculations were also made that showed that one Uran-6 sapper robot was able to do the amount of work per day that a unit of 20 sappers could do.

Military sappers who work in the Chechen Republic have already appreciated the new Uran-6 robotic complex. The new sapper robot is equipped with a variety of mine sweeps, but its main feature is the presence of equipment that allows not only to find and neutralize all types of existing ammunition, but also to correctly identify them. Thanks to this capability, the Uran-6 can distinguish between an artillery shell and an aerial bomb or anti-tank mine.

The place of trial operation of the novelty in Chechnya was, among other things, the highlands located in the Vedensky district of the republic (at an altitude of 1600 meters above sea level). Still preserved here minefields, to neutralize which, using ordinary engineering facilities, hard enough. At the same time, due to its weight (under 6 tons and more), this robot-sapper was thrown into the mountains using a heavy Mi-26 transport helicopter.

If this robotic complex shows itself well in a variety of natural conditions, Russian generals will raise the issue of starting it serial production in the interests of the RF Armed Forces. Previously, analogues of such demining complexes were used by the Russian Emergencies Ministry, but in Russian army there were no such complexes. In the event that the serial production of these sapper robots is launched in Russia until the end current year, the first batches will begin to enter service with the troops of the Southern Military District at the beginning of 2015.

Knife multifunctional

The knife is designed to equip military personnel ground forces, Airborne Forces, marines and special forces.

The knife has: a specialized blade, a universal saw, an awl, pliers, a flat slot screwdriver, a Phillips screwdriver. The weight of the set is 400 grams.