military camouflage

camouflage coloring

Deforming paint ("Camouflage")

This type of camouflage coloration has acquired the character of a military fashion in recent years. It is believed that spotted uniforms, equipment decorated with multi-colored spots give soldiers and vehicles a very militant look with a touch of mystery, selectivity, belonging to a special caste. Not only young soldiers, young lieutenants, but also gray-haired generals turned out to be subject to this fashion. Things have come to the point that the policemen, who do not need it at all (if necessary, you can and should use army camouflage), invented for themselves a gray-black-white-blue camouflage. It has become fashionable to go out at parades not in dress uniform, but in spotted overalls, decorated with gold shoulder straps, aiguillettes, and multi-colored stripes.

But if in peaceful conditions this fashion can be treated with condescension, then in combat conditions the illiterate, thoughtless use of this type of camouflage coloring can (and does!) Do great harm instead of good. Instead of hiding, hiding a fighter, turning him into something indefinite for the enemy, camouflage can distinguish him from the background of the terrain, help to recognize him among other people, turn him into a clearly visible target.

Deforming coloring reduces the visibility of masked objects in terms of color somewhat less than protective coloring. However, it has a number of advantages. Its main advantage lies in the fact that it is psychologically easier for a person to identify objects on the ground that are familiar by their external outlines and the pattern of internal details, and the deforming coloring distorts the external contours and makes it difficult to identify the detected object by its internal details. For example, an observer noticed the presence of an armored object on the ground, but its deforming coloring will prevent the observer from determining the presence and placement of doors, hatches, loopholes, boxes, canisters on the object's projection. Consequently, he cannot unambiguously recognize the object as a tank, tractor, or armored personnel carrier, its type, brand, and, consequently, the distance to the object, the direction and speed of the object.

The disadvantage of deforming staining is that it is more dependent on the surrounding background than for protective staining. For example, an object that is well hidden against the background of a summer vegetative background will become very noticeable against the background of an autumn vegetative background; an object painted with contrasting spots and invisible on a sunny day as a multi-colored bright spot will stand out against the background of a foggy morning.

Thus, if protective coloring is sufficiently universal, then the use of deforming coloring requires the commander to have a clear and distinct idea of ​​the camouflage task being solved, taking into account many factors (changes in the color of the background depending on the time of day, weather, season, the effect of enemy fire on the color of the area, etc.). .d.). It requires an assortment of paints, time for repainting, which is difficult in front-line conditions, and often simply impossible.

"Camouflage" is not an invention today. It was used back in the 1st World War. However, the long experience of this and many subsequent wars did not reveal any obvious advantages of deforming coloration in its mass application, while it requires significant material and labor costs.

The main types of deforming color are: small-spotted, otherwise called crushing and large-spotted, otherwise called distorting. The edges of color spots can be sharply defined or blurry. With finely spotted staining, sharply defined spots are more often used.

An example of a small-spotted crushing coloration of a tank turret. This type of coloring, in particular, is used to mask gun emplacements (tank turrets) in the summer, located in the bush, among low-growing small-leaved trees ( Birch Grove) in fortified areas (UR). With the onset of autumn, the color of the spots should be changed.

An example of large-spotted distorting coloring of a helicopter for a desert area. The figure shows well the great visibility of the machine when it is flying against a vegetative background. This is an example of how a helicopter, which is barely noticeable when flying at low altitudes in the desert, becomes clearly visible when it gains altitude or is over the green.

An example of a small-spotted color of a soldier's uniform. There are options for large-spotted coloring. It gives some advantage over monophonic protective uniforms against the background of bushes and unburned grass. However, with the beginning of the movement, the visibility of the soldier will increase somewhat, while the uniform coloration with the start of the movement will not change the visibility of the soldier. The supply of engineering troops consists of camouflage overalls of over one hundred and seventy camouflage options, which are easy to pick up for operations in a particular area. Some types are only for winter (!): "Clean freshly fallen snow", "Clean old snow.", "Dirty snow.", "Spring snow.", "Snow in the forest." "Snow with the ground", .... etc. etc. Overalls can be worn both over uniforms and equipment, and instead of uniforms (in hot weather).

It should be noted that often the entire masking effect of uniforms, mask overalls can negate the bright spot of the face, which is very clearly visible at a great distance and completely betrays the fighter at night. Therefore, the set of overalls provides for the presence of a camouflage mask for the face and (or) a tube of makeup for coloring the face and hands.

Note: Very often in literature, on television, camouflage overalls (camouflage suit) are completely illiterately called "maskhalat". Wear a bathrobe in the bath! But not on the battlefield.

Literature

1. Manual on military camouflage. Part I. Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Moscow 1957
2. Manual on military camouflage. Part II. Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Moscow 1957
3. E. S. Kolibernov, V. I. Kornev, A. A. Soskov. Handbook of an officer of the engineering troops. Military publishing house. Moscow 1989
4. Album of samples of drawings of deforming coloring of military equipment and weapons. Part III Armored vehicles and artillery weapons. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense, Moscow, 1977.
5. Album of samples of drawings of deforming coloring of military equipment and weapons. Part IV Engineering and automotive equipment. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense, Moscow, 1977.
6. E. S. Kolibernov, V. I. Kornev, A. A. Soskov. combat engineering. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense Moscow 1984
6. Textbook. Military engineering training. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense Moscow 1982
7. Textbook. Receptions and methods of action of a soldier in battle. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense Moscow 1989
8. Manual on ensuring combat operations ground forces. Part IV. Engineering support, actions of units and subunits of engineering troops. 1982
9. Manual on military engineering for Soviet army. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense Moscow 1984

Katzenelenbogen 14-02-2013 01:37

Glamorous soft touch is not needed.

Vovanoid 14-02-2013 07:04

Cap claims that in the army

Himoza 14-02-2013 12:15

http://moskva.tiu.ru/p4987531-kraska-tsveta-haki.html
In general, the usual khaki sadolin, it becomes matte after a while from the fact that the equipment is in the open. At least in our unit, all the painted ones were shiny, and then they became labor vehicles - matte.

black box 14-02-2013 14:00

After rubbing with a solarium, they become shiny again. But not for long

Egor 15-02-2013 02:02

Where can I get military shit green matte paint?
The one that paints all the equipment in the army.

Try ordering here:
http://www.color-paints.ru/?p=khaki

fref1 15-02-2013 09:56

But, everything can be solved much easier if there is a military unit nearby.
When contacting any warrant officer, they will take out buckets of paint for half a liter.

backward opinion.
now military units are not engaged in painting equipment and repairing this is done by civilians from the factory

Egor 15-02-2013 10:38

backward opinion.
now military units are not engaged in painting equipment and repairing this is done by civilians from the factory

In November 2012, and precisely for half a liter, and precisely from the ensign, and precisely half a bucket (along with a bucket).

Perhaps since November 2012 I have already lagged far behind.

I must say, the paint is very wonderful.
Paints directly on the rust and evens everything out.
The properties are about the same as those of ball paint, which is common with sailors, but I have to go further to the sailors.

fref1 15-02-2013 13:23

quote: Originally posted by Egor:

and it was the ensign

John892 15-02-2013 14:32

quote: Originally posted by fref1:

ensigns in the army have not existed for THREE years .....

yes there are plenty of them

fref1 15-02-2013 14:40

quote: Originally posted by John892:

yes there are plenty of them

they are all in sergeant positions

dustman 15-02-2013 14:42

quote: Originally posted by Katzenelenbogen:
Where can I get military shit green matte paint?
The one that paints all the equipment in the army.

If EXACTLY the one that is painted with army equipment, then only "from ... build" from the factory involved in painting EXACTLY army equipment. Not a single commerce matches either in color or in its properties. Everything is exclusively from my own experience over 10 years ago, when I worked in one funny institution where our vaunted "products" were made, widely and colorfully covered when their props were rolled across Red Square or during successful tests.

Great Dane 16-02-2013 02:22

I don’t know about the properties, but what prevents you from picking up the color?

------------------
Lupus lupo homo est

Egor 17-02-2013 12:50

quote: Originally posted by Dog:
I don’t know about the properties, but what prevents you from picking up the color?

Of course, if you paint tin soldiers, then you can probably choose a color.

However, the properties of army paint also greatly affect the color, or rather, the dullness and hiding power of the surface, even the roughest.

And TS says:

quote: Originally posted by Katzenelenbogen:
Glamorous soft touch is not needed.

Katzenelenbogen 17-02-2013 02:24

O!
The topic has come up!
And then I created it, but it's not a damn thing.

In general, I absorb the information kindly provided by the citizens present and wind it around my mustache in 3 layers.
In the summer, I might move.

But you still have to peel.
Maybe primed with red lead before painting?

Katzenelenbogen 17-02-2013 02:28

quote: Originally posted by Egor:

And in terms of resistance to the sun and other external street influences, detergents and wear, including chill and time, military paint is unrivaled.

In!
That's what I'm talking about.

Maxim V 17-02-2013 14:04

quote: Yes?
What are they writing about then?

When I served in the SA, then such words did not exist in nature.

moved from transport issue

In order to reduce the visibility of equipment and objects or distort their appearance, to give them the color and pattern of the surrounding area, to increase the credibility of models of equipment and false structures, camouflage painting is used. The main types of camouflage coloring are protective, imitating and deforming colors.

Protective coloring- one-color color, the closest in color to the prevailing background of the area. It is used for painting moving objects, as well as structures located on the backgrounds of the terrain that are uniform in color. Against the background of vegetation, the protective color is green color, on a snowy background - white. For desert and semi-desert backgrounds, yellow-earthy (sand), dark brown or gray-sand color is protective.

imitating coloring- multi-color painting, depicting on the painted surface a color pattern of the surrounding background or a destroyed object. It is used to color stationary objects and masks when they are located on a colorful background and to hide objects that are moving, but stay in one place for a long time. Imitative painting of large objects and masks of a large area is carried out according to a predetermined painting scheme and is carried out mainly by engineering camouflage subdivisions.

Warp coloring- multi-color staining various shapes and sizes, similar in color and brightness to the main spots of the terrain background. It is used to mask moving objects - military, special, transport vehicles and weapons during the actions of troops against colorful backgrounds of various brightness and color, as well as to color camouflage coatings, overalls, military equipment and uniforms. Deforming coloration is more effective than protective coloration, it is more difficult to decipher against colorful backgrounds and provides a lower probability of detecting and identifying masked objects.

When deforming painting of equipment and objects, three-color (spring, summer and autumn) and two-color (winter) coloring is used. The main color in three-color coloring occupies about 50% of the surface of the object, and the other two - 25% each. The winter two-tone coloration consists of spots of white and dark (brown, gray or green) color. The area of ​​white coloring occupies up to 75% of the surface of the object.

Camouflage painting of weapons, equipment and structures can be done with a hand tool for painting the surface, as well as using a field painting station (POS or UMS) mounted on a vehicle and trailer. With the help of POS, you can paint 10-15 units of military equipment per hour.

Manual painting of one combat unit (tank, infantry fighting vehicle, armored personnel carrier) is required for summer painting - 2.5 - 5 man-hours (with a paint sprayer - 0.5 -1 man-hours), for winter painting - 4-7 people .-h (with a paint sprayer - 0.8 -1.5 man-hours).

Application engineering facilities simulations when creating false positions and areas for disposition of troops

Engineering simulation tools are designed to create false positions and troop disposition areas. These include models of weapons and equipment, radar corner reflectors, thermal simulators and other means. At the locations of mock-ups and false structures, it is necessary to imitate signs of vital activity characteristic of this object (traces of a car, artillery fire, muzzle cones, ammunition containers, light, smoke, flashes, movement of equipment, etc.).

On false positions and in false areas, models of equipment and weapons are installed, trenches for guns and military equipment, shelters for equipment and personnel, false trenches and communication passages, false roads.

Above the false trenches for equipment, cover masks are made from standard camouflage kits with the installation of WMD corner reflectors and thermal simulators under them. When simulating camouflaged equipment outside the trench, the simplest frame of a model of equipment is additionally arranged from poles (beams) with a suspension of three or four corner reflectors and four thermal simulators, over which a cover mask is deployed.

With the advance preparation of defense in false areas and positions, mock-ups of soil and snow can be arranged.

Models and false structures must be plausible, correspond to the size of the actual structures in the plan.

False dirt roads arrange by removing the top layer of soil. Field roads and columned paths are simulated by repeated passage of tracked and wheeled vehicles along the intended route.

To imitate equipment, metal and reinforced concrete objects and other large ground targets, corner reflectors OMU, "Pyramid", "Sphere" and "Angle" are used.

The WMD corner reflector is designed to reproduce the radar unmasking features of equipment mock-ups, for which a certain number of WMD reflectors are installed inside each mock-up at a height of 1-1.5 m (depending on the type of simulated equipment).

Corner reflectors "Pyramid" and pneumatic reflectors "Sphere" are intended for imitation of metal and reinforced concrete bridges, dams, dams. They can be installed both on water and on land. Corner reflectors "Corner" are designed to simulate large ground objects (targets).

In forested areas, it is required to show up to 30%, in open areas - up to 50%, in desert-steppe areas - up to 80% of standard military and transport equipment and structures under construction.

Camouflage painting of equipment and objects

In order to reduce the visibility of equipment and objects or identify their type, provide them with the color and pattern of the surrounding area, increase the reliability of models of equipment and fake structures, camouflage coloring is used. The main varieties of camouflage staining are protective, imitating and deforming staining.

Protective coloring- one-color staining, the closest in color to the prevailing background of the area. It is used for painting moving objects, as well as structures located on the backgrounds of the terrain similar in color. Against the background of vegetation, the protective color is green, on the snow - white. For desert and semi-desert backgrounds, yellow earthy (sand), dark brown or gray-sand color is protective.

Imitating color- multi-color staining, which reproduces on the painted surface the color pattern of the surrounding or destroyed object. It is used to color stationary objects and masks when they are placed on colorful backgrounds and to hide moving objects that have been in one place for a long time. Imitating painting of large objects and masks of a large area is carried out according to a previously drawn up painting scheme and is carried out mainly by engineering camouflage units.

Deforming staining- multicolor staining with spots of various shapes and sizes, similar in color and brightness to the main spots of the terrain background. It is used to mask moving objects: military, special, transport vehicles and weapons during military operations against bright backgrounds of different brightness and color, as well as to color camouflage coatings, overalls, military equipment and uniforms.

During the deforming painting of equipment and objects, three-color (spring, summer and autumn) and two-color (winter) coloring is used. The main color in the case of three-color staining takes about 50 % surface of the object, and the other two - 25% each. Winter two-tone coloration consists of spots of white and dark (brown, gray or green) color. The area of ​​white paint covers up to 75% of the surface of the object.

Camouflage painting of weapons, equipment and structures can be carried out with a hand tool for painting the surface, as well as using a field painting station (POS) mounted on a vehicle or trailer.

With the help of POS, you can paint 10-15 pieces of military equipment per hour. Manually, for painting one combat unit (tank, infantry fighting vehicle, armored personnel carrier) you need to paint during the summer - 2.5-5 people. / hour (with paint sprayer - 0.5-1 people / hour), during winter painting - 4 -7 people. / hour (with paint sprayer - 0.8-1.5 people / hour.

The use of engineering means of imitation in the event of creating false positions and areas for the deployment of troops

A false position is created in order to conceal from the enemy the actual positions of the disposition of troops and is equipped with models of fire weapons and military equipment, and is enlivened by the actions of specially assigned units.

Engineering simulation tools are designed to create false positions and areas for the deployment of troops. These include models of weapons and equipment, radar corner reflectors, thermal simulators and other means. At the locations of mock-ups and fake structures, it is mandatory to imitate signs of vital activity characteristic of this object (traces of vehicles, artillery fire, ammunition containers, light, smoke, flashes, movement of equipment, etc.).

During the simulation of the activities of the troops, the following simulating means and materials are used: imitation charges, explosive charges and accessories for detonation, smoke bombs, combustible materials. Imitation charges designed to simulate shots from cannons and mortars. Shots from 85 and 100 mm cannons are demonstrated using IM-85 and IM-100 imitation cartridges. Mortar shots are demonstrated using imitation cartridges IM-82 and IM-120.

Charges explosives used to explode shells and mines. High explosive charges are commonly used.

Smoke-generating agents and smoke bombs are used to simulate fires (during enemy attacks on fake objects) and smoke from smoking various stoves.

Combustible materials (kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, fuel oil, waste oil) are used to simulate fires and explosions. Local materials (firewood, sawdust, peat, brushwood, straw) are used to simulate fires and smokes.

On false positions and in false areas, models of equipment and weapons are installed, trenches for guns and military equipment are completely torn off, shelters for equipment and personnel, false trenches and communication passages, false routes.

Above the fake trenches, technicians install cover masks from service camouflage kits with the installation of WMD corner reflectors and thermal simulators under them. During the simulation of disguised equipment outside the trench, the very frame of the mock-up equipment is additionally installed from poles (bars) with suspension of three or four corner reflectors and four thermal simulators, over which the cover mask is deployed.

To simulate the operation of the engine of such equipment, industrial-made thermal simulators of the KFP-1-130 and KFP-1-180 types and military production simulators are used. The military production simulator consists of drip-type vodka, a reflector and a fuel tank. Fuel consumption (kerosene, diesel fuel) is 1 ... 2.5 l / hour.

In the case of advance preparation of defense in fake areas and positions, models of soil and snow can be installed.

Models and fake structures must be plausible, correspond to the size of real objects in the plan.

False dirt roads are arranged by removing the topsoil. Field and column tracks are simulated by repeatedly moving tracked and wheeled vehicles along the intended route.

To imitate equipment, metal and reinforced concrete objects and other large ground targets, corner reflectors OMU, "Pyramid", "Sphere-PR" and "agreements" are used.

The OGU corner reflector is designed to reproduce radar unmasking signs of equipment models (Fig. 40), for which a certain number of OMD reflectors are installed in the middle of each model at a height of 1-1.5 m (depending on the type of equipment, it is simulated).

Rice. 1. Imitation of equipment in a shelter (trench) using camouflage

The device requires 20 people. / Hour, camouflage coating (12 × 18 m) - 1 pc., OGU type reflectors - 4 pcs., Thermal imitators 2 pcs.

For imitation of metal and reinforced concrete bridges of dams, dams, corner reflectors "Pyramid" and a pneumatic reflector "Sphere-PR" are intended. They can be installed both on water and on land. Corner reflectors "Angle" are designed to simulate large ground objects (targets).

In a wooded area, you need to show up to 30%, in an open area - up to 50%, in a desert-steppe - up to 80 % standard military and transport equipment and consolidated structures.

The Russian army is phasing out spotted camouflage for ground military equipment, instead it will be painted in one color, media reported on Wednesday.

Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu approved the temporary regulations for applying protective and "deforming", that is, hiding the shape, coloring for weapons and military equipment. And most importantly in new system– refusal of camouflage, now all vehicles will be painted in solid color, Izvestia writes, citing a source in the Ministry of Defense.

“Depending on the region, it will be either dark green, or light green, or khaki,” an Army officer familiar with the situation explained to the publication.

The 15th Central Research Institute of Engineering Troops, which is responsible for developing camouflage schemes and color selection, in turn explained that now 10 primary colors are used for camouflage application: light green, dark green, gray-green, khaki , grey-yellow, grey-brown, light yellow, grey, light grey, black.

“As such, there is no single regulation in applying camouflage now. There are various teaching aids, instructions and sketches. And on the basis of all these documents, the commander chooses how to paint the equipment of his unit, ”the officer explained.

At the same time, one of the brigades of the Southern Military District said that, on average, a T-72 (T-90) tank takes about 40 kg of paint.

“Techniques are painted according to the regulations twice a year. Before each training period (spring-autumn). And since the paint burns out and peels off during the exercises, we touch up and paint over the equipment at least once a month, ”the tank officer explained.
BUT Chief Editor In the Arsenal of the Fatherland trade magazine, Viktor Murakhovsky said that a monochromatic color scheme is more convenient, since it allows the vehicle to be quickly repainted in camouflage depending on the terrain on which the battle is planned. “Painting a tank takes 1–1.5 hours,” he added.

Military expert on armored vehicles Aleksey Khlopotov, in turn, said that earlier the military refused camouflage because of the difficulty of applying it in a military unit, since only factory camouflage masks equipment well.

However, the logistics department of the Central Military District explained that it was unprofitable to drive tanks to factories for repainting.

“Twice a year, no one will drive tanks to the plant for painting, it’s easier to paint in parts,” they said.

It is noted that from 2004 to 2009, equipment was supplied to the troops from factories in a single color, which was explained by economy. But in 2009 Anatoly Serdyukov set for ground equipment tricolor camouflage.