Lenin Komsomol: the birth of the Komsomol in the USSR. All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union - Komsomol Delegates of the 20th Congress of the Komsomol

I have a wonderful book:

XXth Congress of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union, April 15 - 18, 1987: Verbatim report. - Moscow: Mol. guard, 1987. In 2 vols.

FROM transcripts of meetings, debates, documents adopted by the congress, complete lists delegates and guests of the congress.

AT the first volume has 378 pages of content, the second 205 (by content I mean all the pages except for the appended lists at the end of each volume). A total of 13 sessions.

I I've been reading it for a month now and can't get enough of it. This is the first congress of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, at which the need was clearly identified and the immediate prospects for perestroika were outlined. The book is bright, light, polemical.

H A week ago, at home, we started guessing on it. All predictions come true. And there was never a need to excel in interpretation. I am guessing fundamentally by paragraph: they are capacious, short, always to the point.

P I will give examples (I will list really all questions that we asked the Congress):

1. Masha asked if it was worth asking Santa Claus for a Baby Bon doll, which can urinate and drink on its own. Please, vol. 2, p. 10, 6th line from the top: "AT recent times The products of Baku machine builders have been subjected to sharp but fair criticism more than once, but the struggle for quality has not yet become an internal need of every Komsomol member, every young worker.. And the child understands everything: a Chinese-made doll for one and a half thousand rubles is not so good as a gift for New Year's Eve.

2. The day before yesterday there were two cathedral birthdays of our young employees born in December. Before that, I specified in the book how the feast would go. And so, v. 2, p. 89, line 5 from the top: “In a word, at the beginning of the year, the evening regional committee began its work in Novosibirsk. Many things fall into place. A member of the regional committee does not represent, but does a specific thing, and not invented in the office, but prompted by life itself, coming from the youth. The apparatus does not usurp power, but helps those who are entrusted to use it.. And indeed: in the evening we sat down as it should, many things fell into place. The head of the department did a specific thing during the holiday: a session of manual therapy for the birthday boy, which saved him from osteochondrosis suffering, and then he no longer usurped power, but allocated funds for additional youth initiatives, and we went to the store a couple of times.

3. Today my wife asked if she could get a job somewhere in the new year. And please: vol. 2, p. 187, 9th line from the top: "The primary Komsomol organization accepts new members to the Komsomol, bears responsibility to the Komsomol for worthy replenishment of its ranks".

4. My wife's brother young man, a 26-year-old Baptist, already has four children. Every year, a child is added. We asked the book two weeks ago, “Will S. have a baby next year?” And here is the response of the 20th Congress: "The 20th Congress of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union completes its work". And the day before yesterday, a message that S. left for the North, finally to his passion, a free broken girl, love with school years by making some strong gestures to burn the bridges here. He also lit a cigarette and drank, for which he was expelled from the members of the Assembly in the Prayer House. Well done! "Bring out the banners!"- so ends the quoted paragraph on page 200 of the second volume, 14th line from the bottom.

P The first volume, by the way, is not bad either, I quote something from the second, because there we left bookmarks on the decisions so as not to forget to check the implementation of the fateful decisions. From the first volume I remember the following decree-prediction: “Today, more than ever, our ideological opponents are trying to speculate on the difficult pages of our history, hoping for the loss of the revolutionary spirit of the Soviet youth, their optimism, their readiness to fight. They are looking for a mythical opposition in its ranks. They want to identify the struggle of the new with the old with the conflict of generations.. Vol. 1, p. 95, line 130 from the bottom. This was the response of the Congress to my question about how the defense of my dissertation would go.

To For the New Year, I would like to make some gifts for all my friends. As you understand, the 20th Congress of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League somehow turns out to be prophetic. I suggest that anyone until December 31, until 24:00, until the last battle of the Chimes, tell fortunes on this book. Ask a question, say volume and page and line, above or below. Lines on page 41-on. I do not promise that immediately upon receipt of the question to the Presidium you will receive a resolution of the Congress, but you will definitely receive one before the evening of December 31st (I am not always online). The advantage, of course, is given

Part of the material in this issue is devoted to the recently held XX Congress of the Komsomol. That it was spoken and argued about the most acute problems young people and ways to solve them, in our opinion, testifies to the processes of democratization in the Komsomol.

At the congress, a resolution was adopted on the Report of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, a new version of the Charter of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League was adopted by an overwhelming majority (2 delegates voted against, and 4 abstained - this, by the way, was reported by the BBC radio station as a sensation).

There were changes in the leadership of the Komsomol - the composition of the Central Committee was updated by more than 90%, including 4 new secretaries of the Central Committee were elected. V. Mironenko was elected the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee.

Below we present excerpts from some speeches at the congress, as well as interviews that our correspondent took from the delegates of the congress.

M. ASTAFUROVA, foreman of machine milking at the Maisky state farm in the Vologda region:

I WORK at a large livestock complex, one of the most advanced and developed farms in the Vologda region. Our milk yields are quite high, on average, about 5,000 kg of milk is produced per cow. It would seem that there is more to wish for, especially since I love my work.

Most of you are probably familiar with this situation. He will outline the leadership of someone from the team and begin to create an artificial "beacon" from him. He has the most favorable conditions, the best food for the group is imported, the feeding is individual. All attention to him. You look, and went uphill in this group of milk yield. Here, they say, you "beacon". Look up to him.

And from this competition there is no benefit, but only harm. We raised this issue very sharply with the authorities. We do not need inflated "lighthouses". And among themselves have agreed: to anybody greenhouse conditions.

Now we have a new concern - somehow figured out the numbers and thought: why do we have such a high cost of milk? It turns out that we have a large number of unproductive cows that eat like cows, and give less milk than a goat. So why not send these cows to a meat-packing plant, not feed promising cows to the full? After all, food is expensive.

Where does the high cost of feed come from? Well, everything is already in front of our eyes. You look at how our tractor drivers on the T-150 or Kirovets drive back and forth empty, it immediately becomes clear where the cheats come from.

Since such a powerful technique is chasing empty, if the tractor operators are of little concern, it means that the economic mechanism does not work. This means that it is necessary to make sure that the same economist not only receives his money, but earns. So that his payment was closely dependent on the results of our work.

People say: "For whichever finger you bite, it hurts everyone." So in agriculture - all sectors are interconnected. And all the troubles come from negligence in the work of either a specialist or a worker. And not from what we usually call objective reasons, to which we usually attribute the shortage of personnel, especially specialists. I personally do not understand what it is, this lack. After all, every eighth worker is a specialist. But what are they doing? They sit in the office all day, shifting papers from one end of the table to the other. And if there was an electronic computer in the region, it could replace hundreds of such specialists.

And the situation on the farm is not the best, although the Komsomol organizations of the region send 600 people a year to animal husbandry. For 10 years, almost 2 times more has been directed than is required today. However, to this day average age livestock farmers remains critical. Young people who came on Komsomol vouchers to animal husbandry do not stay longer than a year or two. There is, of course, the wine of the Komsomol here, but we believe that the reason for such a "personnel pipeline" in animal husbandry lies elsewhere. In order to attract young people to complexes and farms, it is necessary to take care of the mechanization and automation of production.

They say to me: "You work at a modern complex ..." And I think, why is it modern? Yes, there is so much manual labor here that strong men, having worked their shift, can barely drag their feet.

Sometimes foreign farms are shown on TV. Look and see. But are we any worse? We have opportunities, we even have a special Ministry of Mechanical Engineering for animal husbandry and fodder production. So I want to ask the minister, L. I. Khitrun: how long will we carry 50-kilogram bags and roll heavy wheelbarrows with feed?

A. MASLOVSKY, engineer of the Ivanovo machine-tool production association named after the 50th anniversary of the USSR:

YOU KNOW, I'm an engineer, just the simple engineer that tales and anecdotes tell about. It is about us that they say that an engineer in the family is a family grief.

The decline in the prestige of engineering, of course, has many roots. But the fact that this problem exists, in my opinion, is also the "merit" of the Komsomol.

I think it is necessary to break a kind of discriminatory approach to a young specialist, a Komsomol engineer, that has developed in the Komsomol. As soon as a guy who has graduated from a university switches to a working specialty, he has the opportunity to travel on a preferential ticket to Sputnik, his portrait can be seen on the pages of the youth press. If he remains an engineer, it becomes almost impossible for him.

And look, from whom the Komsomol cadres and assets are mainly formed - from young production specialists. Isn't this infringement often the cause of failures in the work of some Komsomol organizations?

Today, at our plant, anyone can tell a rather entertaining incident that happened at one of the international engineering fairs. Representatives of a well-known company, having examined our machine, remarked admiringly: "Well, yes, the Japanese, as always, are on top." Our guys at first shrugged their shoulders in bewilderment - what do the Japanese have to do with it? And in a minute everyone understood and burst out laughing. It turns out that the nameplate "Ivanovo" is hanging on the machine, written in Russian letters. So, if you read this in Latin transcription, it sounds like "Uba-hobo."

And these machines were created by young guys, who, by the way, represented them at international exhibition which also rarely happens. These guys graduated from our Ivanovo universities.

The administration of the plant made a bet on the youth, and it was the young people who brought to life the Ivanov method of creating machines, when the machine goes from the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bits creation to manufacturing in the assembly shop a little more than a year long - instead of the traditional five to six years. And in this work, engineering authority was born, because nothing tests the independence and viability of an engineer like a machine created according to his drawings.

I support the proposal that we need to determine the role and place of the Komsomol in the management of production. But we don't have to wait idly for laws and regulations to be passed. At our association, at almost every workplace, from the director's office to the designer's drawing board, there is an extract from the circular of the Marine Technical Committee dated November 29, 1910. Here is what it says: "No instruction can enumerate all the duties official, to foresee all individual cases and give appropriate instructions in advance, and therefore engineers must take the initiative and, guided by the knowledge of their specialty and the usefulness of the case, make every effort to justify their appointment. "In my opinion, this applies not only to engineers, this applies to us and you.

S. ROMANOV, First Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the Komsomol:

FOR A LONG TIME, Komsomol work drew strength and ideas not from the youth environment, but from the quiet of the classrooms. With amazing perseverance ideas moved as if from top to bottom. The pernicious habit of giving instructions to everyone indiscriminately gave rise to passivity, weaned Komsomol members and activists to think independently, make decisions, and take responsibility for themselves.

The only way out of this vicious circle is through the development of democracy and initiative from below. And correctly, the draft Charter of the Komsomol provides for the right of Komsomol organizations to be independent in choosing the forms and methods of work. However, in order for this statutory provision to operate in practice, a serious psychological restructuring is needed for many Komsomol workers, and above all for the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.

Drawing lessons from the past, we must also see the valuable, useful that we have been able to acquire in recent times. Take, for example, the Leningrad territorial and sectoral program "Intensification-90". Today we have thoroughly taken up the solution of acute issues related to the transfer of the region's industry to a multi-shift regime. Not so long ago, the regional committee of the party supported the idea of ​​​​creating in Leningrad a Komsomol youth trust MZhK-stroy, which was entrusted to lead the young.

These and other examples, including those cited at the congress, confirm that the Young Communist League is capable of participating much more actively than before in social and economic transformations.

The Komsomol must actively intervene in planning at all levels, including the national level. For the time being, the Central Committee of the Komsomol stands on the sidelines. How else can it be explained that in the Main Directions of the Development of the Country for the Five-Year Plan, in the State Plan for 1987, even the most important All-Union shock Komsomol construction projects are not mentioned?

In our opinion, without sufficient participation of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, important bills are being prepared. Take, for example, a recent example - the draft Law on State Enterprise (Association). It does not clearly trace the role of the Komsomol organization. I am sure that these issues will definitely be included in the Law on Youth in the future.

Here is one of them. For two decades, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions have been zealously guarding the statute on workers' housing from change. Today it has clearly come into conflict with life and placed 32,000 young families in Leningrad dormitories, in fact, in an illegal position. Probably, not only in Leningrad, the entrance to some hostels resembles a checkpoint on the state border. And the announcements are hung out the most appropriate: "The admission of husbands - from 18 to 23 hours strictly according to passports."

Seems to be relevant central authorities are waiting for the year 2000, when each family will have a separate apartment. But today this slowness translates into disorder and often leads to the breakup of young families.

In many Komsomol organizations, there is a lack of bright, socially significant cases that can captivate the young. And in response, more and more so-called "informal associations" appear. Most committees of the Komsomol do not have clear positions in relation to them, not to mention a well-thought-out system of work. It must be self-critically admitted that this also applies to the Leningrad Regional Committee of the Komsomol. Proof of this - spontaneous rallies in defense of the destruction of the hotel "Angleterre" on St. Isaac's Square. These events showed once again that most associations are created out of the best of intentions. But among them there are those who are far from harmless in nature.

Under these conditions and Central Committee Komsomol can no longer remain silent, remaining an outside observer. Many amateur associations, not without the help, of course, of the central newspapers, radio and television, have already received all-Union registration. Here and there appear "metalheads", "fans", "rockers", it is not known who else will be tomorrow. They evaluate the Komsomol in their own way. But it is time, finally, for the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League to give them a politically balanced assessment. It is necessary to arm the Komsomol organizations with the strategy and tactics of working with them.

The frank report convinces that the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League correctly assesses the state of affairs in the Komsomol and sees ways to solve pressing problems.

MAYA CHIBURDANIDZE, World Chess Champion

CORR. Chess is known intellectual game. Maya, do you think that the fact that both men's and women's chess has become so widespread in our country that we hold the palm in these sports is like a reflection of the intellectual potential of our country or is it pure coincidence?

CHIBURDANIDZE. Indeed, in our country, chess, like nowhere else, has become a national hobby. It is difficult for me to name the reasons for this: maybe the fact is that in the post-war period, when the country was rising from ruin and there were not enough funds for the development of sports, the construction of sports facilities was not enough, chess, for which nothing was needed but a board and a table, received the most widespread as the most accessible view sports that do not require any special devices, structures, shells. Or maybe the fact is that our country is generally rich in talents - and that is why we have so many chess talents.

CORR. Do you agree with G. Kasparov's point of view on professionalism in sports, which he expressed at the XVIII Congress of Trade Unions, or do you think otherwise?

CHIBURDANIDZE. I think sport requires professionalism. I am for professionalism.

CORR. You have so many things to do - as a deputy, and a member of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Georgia, and the editor of a chess magazine, and a delegate to the XX Congress of the Komsomol. Doesn't it all come down to an ordinary "representation"?

CHIBURDANIDZE. Well, what are you, I'm doing business! As a deputy, he has to deal with various everyday problems - housing, employment of people. My main job is in the parliamentary commission on youth affairs, where I promote sports. This is also included in the editorial duties, for which, however, there is very little time left, because everyone is occupied with chess.

SERGEY STADLER, violinist, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize

CORR. Sergey, of course, you have heard about the so-called "metalheads", for whom rock music has become not just a favorite musical genre, but also a means of self-expression and even a way of protest, as the "metalheads" themselves claim, against double morality, the hypocrisy of many adults. It turns out that music has focused many ideological moments. What do you think about it?

STADLER. In general, I agree with you - some currents of rock music, in a sense, lost touch with music as such, became demonstrative, defiant and, apparently, expressed some kind of ideology. For the same "metalheads", for example, rock music dictates a certain style of behavior and clothing, and even, perhaps, a certain worldview. No matter how we feel about it, it exists, it is an objective reality, and we must take it into account.

CORR. Why do you think the majority of young people prefer rock to the classics? Why is classical music becoming elitist?

STADLER. In order to sit at a concert where, say, Beethoven's works are performed, a certain tension is needed - in this sense, the word "leisure" does not fully reflect such a pastime. To listen to rock, tension is not required; maybe that's the point?

CORR. How do you think it is possible to restore the popularity of classical music? Perhaps it should be presented, as the Moscow Virtuosi ensemble under the direction of V. Spivakov does - in an entertaining manner? Or is it our mistake that we ineptly create advertisements for classical music performers, opera singers? After all, at one time there was a kind of "cult" of I. Kozlovsky, S. Lemeshev, there were even detachments of "Lemeshists", countless admirers of Kozlovsky ...

STADLER. I cannot say that the excitement around the names of these singers was created artificially; it wasn't. It is probably quite natural that the currents of musical culture at any given moment of time are represented by several people, the most talented and therefore of interest to the public; such people were at one time Lemeshev and Kozlovsky.

CORR. But, apparently, the reasons for the decline in the popularity of classical music are not only this?

STADLER. There is a whole range of reasons, the most important of which I think is the fact that we have a lot of low-quality, unprofessional performers; I am not always satisfied with the sheer percentage of concerts of pop and classical music - there is a lot of variety, few classics - and yet these concerts today represent our art. Apparently, to change this state of affairs means to help restore the popularity of classical music. Incidentally, the Moscow Virtuosos ensemble you mentioned is a perfect example of the fact that not only pop singers, but also serious classical musicians can enjoy popularity and recognition.

I don't think that our young people have completely lost their taste for classical music. Let me give you an example: according to my observations, recently many people have become interested in early music ensembles like "Chordus Musicus". I know quite a few informal youth associations in Leningrad - and these associations are not only with a "minus" sign, but also with a "plus" sign - whose members gather and play ancient music on ancient instruments.

ALL-UNION LENIN COMMUNIST YOUTH UNION(VLKSM), mass social-political. org-tion of the Soviet youth.

The Komsomol is an active assistant and reserve of the Communist Party. party of the Soviets. Union. The Komsomol helps the party to educate the youth in the spirit of communism, to involve them in practical activities. construction of a new society, to prepare a generation of comprehensively developed people who will live, work and manage societies, affairs under communism (see the Charter of the Komsomol, 1968, p. 3).

Commemorative banner of the Central Committee of the CPSU, presented by the Central Committee of the Komsomol in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol. October 1968

Russian communist. Union of Youth (RKSM) was created at the 1st All-Russian. Congress of Unions of Workers' and Peasants' Youth 29 Oct. 1918. In July 1924, the RKSM was named after V. I. Lenin-Ross. Leninist communist. Youth Union (RLKSM). In connection with the formation of the USSR (1922), the Komsomol was renamed the All-Union Leninist Communist Party in March 1926. Youth Union (VLKSM).

According to the Charter of the Komsomol, young men and women aged 14 to 28 are admitted to the Komsomol. In 1971, St. 28 million young people of all nations and nationalities of the USSR. For 50 years, the Komsomol has been political. school more than 100 million owls. of people. VLKSM - reserve Communist. party: for 1918-971, St. 10 million Komsomol members. Ch. the task of the Komsomol is to help the party educate young men and women on the great ideas of Marxism-Leninism, on the heroic. revolutionary traditions. struggle, using the examples of the selfless labor of workers, collective farmers, the intelligentsia, to develop and strengthen among young people a class approach to all phenomena of society, life, to train staunch, highly educated, work-loving builders of communism. The sacred duty of the Komsomol is to prepare the youth for the defense of the socialist. Fatherland, to educate self-sacrificing patriots who are able to decide, rebuff the attack of any enemy. The Komsomol educates young men and women in the spirit of fidelity to the principles of passage, internationalism, and friendship among the youth of all countries, actively promotes the strengthening of ties with the fraternal youth unions, and the expansion of international. democratic youth movement. The principle of organization structure of the Komsomol is democratic centralism. Primary org-tion of the Komsomol are created at enterprises, collective farms, state farms, account. institutions, institutions, parts of the Soviet. Army and Navy. The supreme governing body of the Komsomol - All-Union Congress; All work of the Union between congresses is directed by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, which elects the Bureau and the Secretariat. The VLKSM builds its work on the basis of strict observance of the Leninist principles of collective leadership, the all-round development of intra-Komsomol democracy, the broad initiative and initiative of all its members, criticism and self-criticism. Each member of the Komsomol considers it an honor to become a member of the CPSU and prepares with all his activities and studies to join its ranks.

Historical outline

The history of the Komsomol, span, youth movement is inextricably linked with the history of the revolution. struggle of the working class, all owls. people under the leadership of the Communist. party for building communism. The living conditions of the young workers, the fundamental class interests, the entire revolution. the situation in Russia prompted them to embark on the path of struggle against the tsarist regime and capitalism. The party followed the precepts of K. Marx, who taught that "... the most advanced workers are fully aware that the future of their class, and, consequently, of humanity, depends entirely on the upbringing of the rising working generation" (Marke K. and Engels F ., Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 16, p. 198).

Under the influence of the labor movement in con. 19 and early 20th century students have become more active in the country. traffic. Bolshevik organizations in higher education. institutions helped the party to rally democratic. students, promoted the ideas of Marxism.

Following the workers on the path of revolution. the struggle entered the peasantry. Noting this fact, V. I. Lenin wrote that "in the Russian village appeared new type- Conscious young peasant. He talked with the "strikers", he read the newspapers, he told the peasants about the events in the cities, he explained to the village comrades the significance of political demands, he called on them to fight against the big landowners, the nobility, against the priests and officials" (Poln, coll. op. , 5th ed., vol. 30, p. 316.) The merit of the Bolshevik Party, organization and protection of the interests of the young generation of workers.

V. I. Lenin constantly drew the attention of the party to the tasks of the revolution. education of youth. In the draft resolution of the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP "On the Attitude towards the Student Youth", written by Lenin, it was noted that the spontaneously developing youth movement needs help from the span, the revolutionaries, especially in the matter of educating "an integral and consistent socialist worldview." He feared that the ideologically weak youth might be carried away by pseudo-revolutionaryism or become infected with opportunism; Lenin warned against "false friends". During the Revolution of 1905-07 in Russia, he raised the question of the progressive youth as a reserve of the party. The Bolsheviks resolutely exposed the attempts of the bourgeoisie. and petty-bourgeois parties to distract the passage, youth from the revolution. fight. Lenin resolutely opposed the underestimation of the role of the youth, called for bolder and wider involvement in the revolution. fight, recruit into the ranks of the party. Dec. In 1916, Lenin's article "International Youth" was published, in which it was said that it was necessary to skillfully lead the "boiling", seething, searching youth, not to forget that the youth "... of necessity is forced to approach socialism in a different way, in the wrong way, not in the same form, not in the same environment as her fathers." Insisting on organizational independence of the Youth Union, Lenin emphasized that without this "... the youth will neither be able to develop good socialists out of themselves, nor be prepared to lead socialism forward" (ibid., p. 226). Speaking against petty guardianship and administration, Lenin noted the need for comradely criticism of the mistakes of the youth. "We must not flatter the youth" (ibid.).

The Bolsheviks carried out tireless work with the youth in factories and factories, in villages, in legal societies, Sunday schools, in soldiers' barracks, in illegal circles, fighting squads, in preparing a strike or demonstration - wherever there was the slightest opportunity for this, they involved her directly. struggle against oppression and exploitation, passed on to her the experience of old fighters. In the revolutionary battles, the young generation of the working class and the working peasantry was formed and strengthened. As a result of the activities of the Bolsheviks, a wide span, a youthful movement, was prepared. After the victory of Feb. bourgeois-democratic. revolutions of 1917 at the plants and factories of Petrograd, Moscow, and other prom. centers, circles, committees of working youth, and then unions began to arise. Young proletarians, uniting to continue the struggle for their political. and economic rights, rallied under the slogans of the Bolsheviks.

The bourgeoisie strove to subdue to its influence the emerging org-tions of the youth. With the assistance of the Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, nationalists, etc., with the help of such youthful organizations as "Mayak", "Labor and Light", "Earth and Freedom", "Jugend Bund", etc., the bourgeoisie tried to tear off the working people youth from the Bolsheviks, from the working class. The Bolsheviks tirelessly exposed all the falsity and futility of such associations. The young proletarians were convinced in practice that the Bolsheviks were right and expelled the bourgeois from their midst. agents and their supporters.

The Bolshevik Party provided constant assistance to the youth movement. On June 7 (20), 1917, Pravda published an exemplary charter for the Union of Working Youth of Russia, drawn up by N. K. Krupskaya.

An important role in the development of the youth movement was played by the 6th Congress of the RSDLP(b) (July - August 1917). In the resolution "On Youth Unions," the Congress called for the creation of independent organizations inextricably linked with the Party. In Petrograd. socialist. union of working youth was approx. 15 thousand people, in Moscow. union of working youth "3rd International" there were by October. 1917 2170 people Oct. 1917 mountains. conference in Kyiv approved the program and charter of the Socialist. Union of Working Youth "3rd International". In Baku, on the initiative of S. G. Shaumyan, the Internationalist Union of Youth was created. In Tbilisi, at a general youth meeting in Sept. In 1917, the foundation was laid for the "organization of young socialist internationalists" Spartak "", which was greatly assisted by M. G. Tskhakaya. Under the leadership of the Bolsheviks, youth unions were created in Kharkov, Rostov-on-Don, and Zlatoust. Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Lugansk. Under the influence of the working class, circles and unions of revolutionary-minded cross-poor youth began to spring up in Tula, Kharkov, Vologda, and other provinces (see Vol. Unions of Workers' and Peasants' Youth). Among the first organizers of the socialist. unions of working youth were - Vasily Alekseev, Oscar RYBKIN, Pyotr Smorodin (Petrograd), Pyotr Delyusin, Mikhail Dugachev, Nikolai Penkov (Moscow), Alexander Sitnichenko, Mikhail Ratmansky, Zakhar Taran (Ukraine), Rimma Yurovskaya, Pavel Zavialov (Urals), Suren Shaumyan, Jafar Babaev, Olga Shatunovskaya, Boris Dzneladze, Gukas Ghukasyan (Transcaucasia), Mar. tin Zakis (Latvia) and many others. others

Members of the Presidium of the 1st All-Russian Congress of Unions of Workers' and Peasants' Youth (from left to right): M. Dugachev, M. Akhmanov, P. Forvin, L. Shatskin, A. Bezymensky, V. Popov, E. Zeitlin, O. RYBKIN, E. . Herr. Moscow. 1918.

Working and cross. youth actively participated in the Great Oct. socialist. revolution. Developing a plan Oct. armed uprising, Lenin pointed out the need to "Separate the most decisive elements (our" strikers "and working youth, as well as the best sailors) into small detachments for them to occupy all the most important points and for their participation everywhere, in all important operations ..." (there same, vol. 34, pp. 383-84). Petrograd to-t Socialist. Union of Working Youth did a great job of involving young proletarians in the ranks Red Guard. In the pre-October days of St. 5,000 young workers became Red Guards. Throughout the passage, the youth became an active participant in the revolution.

Great Oct. socialist. The revolution made a radical change in the destinies of the young generation of Russia. Owls. power for the first time in history provided ample opportunities for young proletarians in all spheres of society.-political. and socio-economic. life. Decrees of the Soviet power has been established 6-hour a working day for adolescents, the work of children under 14 years of age is prohibited, labor protection has been established, production has been introduced, training of young people at the expense of the state. The doors of secondary and higher schools were opened to the children of workers and working peasants.

Socialist the transformation of the country set before the party the task of creating a single youth org-tion, designed to involve the younger generation in the construction of socialism, to educate people of a new, communist. era. At the same time, youth unions sought to unite on the Bolshevik platform. To convene a congress of youth unions in August 1918 in Moscow, an Orgburo was formed, the appeal to which said: "... The revolutionary enthusiasm that gripped all the youth from the beginning of the revolution helped them find their friends in the struggle for socialism. We did not go with those who preached humility and conciliation We are fighters ... We all feel how weak our organizations are to prepare us for the construction of a new life But if we fail, if our attempts to build have not led to anything, then we will solve these tasks all together" ("Comrade Komsomol. Documents of congresses, conferences and the Central Committee of the Komsomol", vol. 1, 1969, p. 5-6).

1st All-Russian. The Congress of Unions of the Workers' and Crosses' Youth (October 29 - November 4, 1918) united the disparate unions into an all-Russian union. org-tion with a single center, working under the leadership of the RCP (b). At the congress, the main principles of the program and charter Ross, communist. Union of Youth (RKSM). The theses approved by the congress stated: "The aim of the Union is to spread the ideas of communism and to involve the youth of workers and peasants in the active construction of Soviet Russia" (ibid., p. 8).

A new type of youth organization was created for the first time - communist in goals and tasks, class in nature, amateur in terms of the principles of its activity, designed to ensure the role of a "drive belt" in the system of the dictatorship of the proletariat, linking the party with the widest sections of working youth, to be a conductor of the party influence on the masses, to play the role of a reserve of the Communist Party.

In connection with the formation of the Komsomol of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) in November. 1918 sent a circular letter to all parties, org-tions, in which it was indicated that the RKSM was a school preparing new consciousnesses. communist cadres. To strengthen the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the RCP (b) recommended that party members of Komsomol age join the RKSM and take an active part in the work of its orgs. 8th Congress of the RCP (b) (1919) adopted a special. resolution on work among the youth. The congress recognized the RKSM as an org-tion, performing a huge job of rallying and communistic. education of youth, involving the passage, youth in the construction of communism and organizing it for the defense of the Sov. Republic. The congress stressed the need for ideological and material support of the Komsomol from the party.

Exclusively great importance in the life of the RKSM, the Party Program adopted by the 8th Congress of the RCP (b) played - a program for the construction of socialism, which reflects great attention party to the youth, to the creation of conditions for their work, education and recreation. Practical the implementation of the decisions of the 8th Party Congress strengthened the Komsomol organizations, led to the creation of new communist detachments. Union of Youth, determined the vanguard position of the RKSM among the youth. At that time, the Komsomol was not the only youth organization in the country. Among other youth associations, the most numerous was the Union of Communist Students, numbering 8,000 people. 1st All-Russian. Congress of the Union of Communist Students (April 1919), at which Lenin spoke, spoke in favor of merging with the RKSM. The Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) approved the "Regulations", in which it was noted: "All work, both among the worker-peasant and student youth, should be united in the hands of the Russian Communist Youth Union" ("To the heirs of the revolution. Documents of the party on Komsomol and Youth", 1969, p. 53) According to the "Regulations", communist students were admitted to the RKSM on the recommendation of 2 members. RKP(b) or RKSM.

Komsomol grew and developed as a multinational. org-tion owls. youth, standing on the principles of span, internationalism. Already at its 1st congress, among the delegates were envoys from the occupied foreign countries. interventionists of the regions of Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus. After the congress, org-tions began to take shape in owls. socialist. republics. They united Komsomol members of all nationalities living in their territories, and were an integral part of the RKSM.

RKSM was an active participant in the Civil. wars; he spent three All-Russian. mobilization to the front. The Komsomol organizations of the front line were wholly mobilized into the Red Army. According to incomplete data, the Komsomol sent in 1918-20 to the Red Army St. 75 thousand of its members. In total in the fight of owls. up to 200,000 Komsomol members took part against the interventionists, White Guards and bandits. They fought heroically against the enemies: 19-year-old commander of the 30th division Albert Lapin, future writers Nikolai Ostrovsky and Arkady Gaidar, armored train commander Lyudmila Makiyevskaya, commissars Alexander Kondratyev and Anatoly Popov, leader of the Far East. Komsomol member Vitaly Banevur, one of the organizers of the Uzbek. Komsomol Abdulla Nabiev and many others. etc. The Komsomol fought selflessly behind enemy lines. In Odessa, the Komsomol underground consisted of St. 300 people, in Riga - approx. 200 people, underground Komsomol groups operated in Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar), Simferopol, Rostov-on-Don, Nikolaev, Tbilisi, and others. revolution. In severe trials, the Komsomol got stronger and grew. Despite the huge sacrifices that he carried on the fronts, his numbers increased 20 times: in October. 1918 -22 100, Oct. 1920-482 000. In commemoration of military merits on the fronts of the Civil. wars in the period 1919-20 against the White Guard troops. generals Kolchak, Denikin, Yudenich, the White Poles and Wrangel, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1928 by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

Departure of Komsomol members to the Southern Front. 1920.

Komsomol fought for the rallying of the international. labor youth movement. The 2nd Congress of the RKSM (October 1919) appealed to the youth of the whole world with an appeal to create Communist Youth International(KIM). With the active participation of the RKSM in November. 1919 in Berlin was convened by the International. youth congress, which was the Constituent Congress of KIM. Owls. Komsomol was its active member.

After the Citizenship war, the Komsomol was faced with the task of preparing a worker-cross. youth to the peaceful, builder. activities. Oct. 1920 the 3rd Congress of the RKSM was held. The most important theoretical Lenin's speech at the congress on October 2 was a program document, a guide for the activities of the party and the Komsomol. 1920 "The tasks of youth unions". Ch. Lenin saw the goal of the Komsomol in "... helping the party to build communism and helping the entire young generation to create a communist society" (Poli. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 41, p. 307). He called on young men and women to "study communism", linking "... every step of their teaching, upbringing, education... with participation in the common struggle of all the working people against the exploiters" (ibid., p. 314).

Lenin closely connected the tasks of the Komsomol with the general people. the cause of building socialism. The 3rd Congress of the RKSM was a turning point in the history of the Komsomol. The RKSM began to gradually restructure its work, concentrating its activities on the tasks of the socialist. construction and communist education of youth. Komsomol directed all efforts to restore the bunks destroyed during the war. x-va. Boys and girls participated in the restoration of factories in Petrograd, Moscow, the Urals, mines and factories in the Donbass, railway. country. In Sept. 1920 was held the first All-Russian. Youth Sabbath. The Komsomol members assisted the Soviets. authorities in the fight against speculation, wrecking, banditry. Parts of special purpose were formed from communists and Komsomol members. The Komsomol members of the village explained the decrees of the Soviets. authorities participated in the organization of partnerships for the joint cultivation of the land, promoted advanced methods of agriculture. The energy and enthusiasm of the Komsomol members were also manifested in the implementation of the cultural revolution. They fought for the elimination of illiteracy, for the eradication of religions. superstitions, remnants of the past in everyday life, with philistinism, private property. psychology, ravenous attitude to work. In the countryside, Komsomol members organized reading huts, clubs, distributed books, newspapers, magazines, posters, leaflets, and participated in political events. and cultural events of the Party and Sov. authorities. In 1920, on the initiative of the Komsomol, schools for factory apprenticeships were set up to train skilled workers and workers' faculties (workers' faculties) to prepare young workers for entering universities. In May 1922, a pioneer organization was created, the leadership of which was entrusted by the party to the Komsomol.

Komsomol members are sent to suppress the Kronstadt rebellion. Moscow. 1921.

In the 20s. The Komsomol resolutely opposed the Trotskyist opposition, which was striving to win the demagogic youth over to its side. ultra-left slogans and flattery ("student youth is the party's barometer"). The January (1924) plenum of the Central Committee of the RKSM, expressing the opinion of the entire Komsomol, condemned Trotskyism, without hesitation supported Gen. party line on building socialism in the USSR. The 6th Congress of the RKSM (July 1924) declared the complete defeat of Trotskyism in the youth movement. The congress, which took place after the death of Lenin, decided to call the Komsomol Leninsky, and it became known as the RLKSM. The congress called on the youth "to learn how to live, work and fight in the Leninist way, to carry out the precepts left to us by Lenin." During Lenin's call to the party only for Feb.-Apr. In 1924, the Komsomol transferred 25,600 of its best pupils to the RCP(b) and accepted 167,000 young workers and peasants into its ranks during the same time. The Komsomol actively promoted Leninism among the youth. A wide network of Komsomol political education was created. The country had St. 20 thousand circles. More than 100 thousand Komsomol members were engaged in the system of desks and education. The Komsomol press played an important role in the upbringing: the magazines of the Central Committee of the RLKSM "Young Communist", "Young Guard", "Change", "Journal of Peasant Youth", gas. "Komsomolskaya Pravda", as well as local newspapers.

In the fight against devastation, for the restoration of bunks. Komsomol members learned class vigilance, courage, perseverance in achieving goals, and fortitude in overcoming difficulties. The Komsomol got stronger, enriched with new experience, became a militant mass organization. The 7th Congress of the RLKSM (March 1926) mobilized the forces of the Komsomol to implement the decisions of the 14th Party Congress (1925), which focused the attention of the working people on the tasks of reconstructing the bunks. x-va. The congress was preceded by an acute political struggle. The Trotskyists, who opposed Lenin's plan to build socialism in the USSR, tried to use Leningrad in the fight against the party. org-tion of the RLKSM, the top of which swarm issued a resolution refusing to obey the decisions of the 14th Congress of the CPSU (b). But the Komsomol members of Leningrad did not follow the Trotskyites from Leningrad. provincial committee of the RLKSM. They defeated the oppositionists, declaring their selfless devotion to the Leninist party.

Following Lenin's precepts, the decisions of the 14th (1925) and 15th (1927) congresses of the CPSU (b), the 7th (March 1926; RLKSM was renamed the Komsomol) and the 8th (1928) congresses of the Komsomol put forward tasks for the Komsomol members struggle for the industrialization of the country, the socialist. reorganization with. x-va, for mastering science and technology. The Komsomol acted as the instigator of the socialist. competitions, in 1927 began a massive campaign for the rationalization of production, for increasing labor productivity. To Leningrad. enterprises - the plant "Red Triangle", the f-ke "Skorokhod", at a number of enterprises in Moscow, the Urals, Donbass, and others. centers created Komsomol youth shock brigades. In 1929, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League conducted the Leninist recruitment of young people into shock brigades. Posted on 20 Jan. 1929 in "Pravda" Lenin's article "How to organize a competition" gas. Komsomolskaya Pravda (January 26) called on the youth to start the All-Union Socialist. competition. The Komsomol nominated tens of thousands of innovators and inventors from its ranks, organized all-Union end-to-end Komsomol control over the delivery of goods to the sponsored VLKSM building of the Ural-Kuzbass. The 9th Congress of the Komsomol (January 1931) declared the Komsomol a shock brigade of the 1st five-year plan (1929-32). In the fight against bureaucracy, mismanagement, and abuses, the Komsomol "light cavalry", which arose in 1928, played an important role. St. 200 thousand members of the Komsomol came to the construction sites on the basis of their org-tions. With the active participation of the Komsomol, the Dneproges, Mosk. and the Gorky Automobile Plant, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant. combine, d. Turksib and others. Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on January 21. 1931 "for the initiative shown in the cause of shock work and socialist competition, ensuring the successful implementation of the five-year development plan National economy..." The Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. The role of Komsomol members in the collectivization of agriculture was significant. In the ranks of the village Komsomol in 1928 there were about 1 million young peasants. The 8th Congress of the Komsomol called on them to be "organizers and skirmishers of collectivization "and obliged every Komsomol member, an independent householder. To set an example for young peasants - to join the collective farm. The Komsomol put forward a number of effective forms of mobilization of the cross, youth: he held an All-Union campaign for the harvest," the month of the plow ", created" detachments of red plowmen "," agricultural intelligence "and others. Among the twenty-five thousandth workers who left for the village, more than 2 thousand people were members of the Komsomol. Komsomol members transferred to the village the experience of socialist competition and shock work, accumulated in industry and construction. Young workers helped in the repair of the village. inventory, launched a movement for the creation of Komsomol tractor columns, took an active part in the construction of machine and tractor stations (MTS). p!" - this slogan was one of the most popular in the village. On the recommendations of Komsomol cells, thousands of young collective farmers were sent to courses for tractor drivers and machine operators.

Komsomol metro builders. Moscow. 1934.

Construction of Magnitogorsk. Komsomol blast furnace? 2.

Socialist the transformation in the countryside took place in an atmosphere of fierce class struggle. Villages had to work in extremely difficult conditions. Komsomol members in the 20s - early. 30s The kulaks used material difficulties, a low level of culture, centuries-old traditions of piety and superstition, slander and public insults (the Komsomol girls especially suffered from them) against the Komsomol members. In bestial malice, the enemies of the Sov. the authorities were often beaten and killed from around the corner. Hundreds of Komsomol members, girls and boys, died in the struggle for new life villages.

Komsomol actively participated in the cultural revolution. The 8th Congress of the Komsomol announced the All-Union Cult Campaign to Eliminate Illiteracy. "Shock detachments for educational program" were created, thousands of Komsomol members joined the ranks of the "cult members". They taught the illiterate, created new educational programs, opened reading rooms and libraries. In 1930, the Komsomol took patronage of general education and initiated the creation of two-year evening schools for the semi-literate. During the years of the 1st Five-Year Plan, approx. 45 million people During the socialist construction, there were urgent problems of training qualifiers. personnel, the creation of a new, socialist. intelligentsia. The Komsomol announced a campaign of youth in science. In 1928-29, 15,000 people went to study at workers' schools on Komsomol vouchers, 20,000 went to preparatory courses for universities, and 30,000 to universities and technical schools. In 1934, the working stratum among students reached 47.9 percent. At the initiative of the Komsomol, a new, mass form of technical. training of workers - the technical minimum (in 1934, 814 thousand workers passed the technical minimum).

Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR on the patronage of the Komsomol over the Air Force. 1931.

In 1935, following the example of young workers: miner Alexei Stakhanov, locomotive driver Pyotr Krivonos, weavers Evdokia and Maria Vinogradovs, milling machine Ivan Gudov, and others, and young collective farmers Maria Demchenko, Praskovya Angelina, and others, a mass movement of Stakhanovites began. It marked new stage in the socialist competition. The Lenin Komsomol was the party's most active assistant in the development of the Stakhanov movement.

The 10th Congress of the Komsomol (April 1936) went down in history as a congress of young victors of socialism. Among the delegates were 135 order-bearers, hundreds of young innovators of industry and from. x-va. The congress assured the party of "... the complete readiness of the entire Leninist Komsomol to carry out to the end their duties in building a communist society, in defending the socialist fatherland from the attacks of the enemies of socialism" (Tenth Congress of the Komsomol. Verbatim report, vol. 1, 1936, p. 10 ).

After the congress of the Komsomol, without weakening participation in the household. and Mrs. construction, which means that attention is paid to ideological. education of youth, organization of its education, physical education. development of boys and girls, preparing them for the defense of the socialist. conquests. The Komsomol devotes a lot of energy to the development of the defense industry and the industries associated with it, in particular ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, and oil production. The envoys of the Komsomol participated in the creation of the "Second Baku", the construction of the Amurstal plant, the Komsomol patronizes the construction of new cruisers, submarines, destroyers, aircraft, tanks, etc., strengthens patronage ties with the Military.- sea (since 1922) and Voyen.-Vozd. (since 1931) fleets. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League conducted a massive military-technical. Komsomol exam. OK. 1 million members The VLKSM became "Voroshilov Strelka", more than 5 million passed the norms of air defense, anti-chemical defense, military. topography, etc. military. specialties. Only in 1936 the norms for the "Ready for Labor and Defense" badge passed approx. 4 million people On behalf of the party, the Komsomol was engaged in manning the military. schools. As of July 1, 1940, among the officers of the Red Army there were 56.4% communists and 22.1% Komsomol members. VLKSM did a lot of work in Kommuiistich. Youth International, striving to create a united front to fight fascism, against the threat of world war.

A severe test for all owls. people, his younger generation was the Great Fatherland, the war of 1941-45. Komsomol, all owls. youth by the call of the Communist. parties came out to fight German-fascist. invaders. Already in the first year of the war, approx. 2 million Komsomol members. Unprecedented courage, bravery, heroism were shown by Komsomol members, young men and women, defending Brest, Liepaja, Odessa, Sevastopol, Smolensk, Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Stalingrad, other cities and regions of the country from the enemy. Only the Komsomol organization of Moscow and the region in the first 5 months of the war sent St. 300 thousand people; 90% of Lenipgr members. org-tion VLKSM fought with German-Fash. invaders on the outskirts of the city of Lenin. Fearlessly, young partisans and underground fighters of Belarus, the occupied regions of the RSFSR, Ukraine, and the Baltic states acted behind enemy lines. Partiz. 30-45% of the detachments consisted of Komsomol members. Unparalleled heroism was shown by members of the underground Komsomol organizations - "Young guards"(Krasnodon), "Partisan spark"(Nikolaev region), Lyudinovskoy underground Komsomol group(Kaluga region), Komsomol underground members of the village. Obol (Vitebsk region), Khotyn (Bukovina), Kaunas (Lithuanian SSR), etc.

Komsomol members worked selflessly in the rear, providing the front with everything necessary. On the shoulders of the youth, who came to the enterprises in exchange for those drafted into the army, lay, therefore, part of the front-line orders. Komsomol members put forward the slogan: "Work for yourself and for a comrade who has gone to the front!" In youth collectives, a movement has unfolded for overfulfillment of production, tasks by 2-3 or more times (two-hundred, three-hundred, thousand, multi-machine). By the end of the war in the industry there was St. 154 thousand front-line Komsomol youth brigades. Due to work on Sundays, during overtime hours, young people contributed tens of millions of rubles to the country's defense fund. Boys and girls, teenagers, along with women, became the main. by force in x-ve. 70% prepared villages. machine operators at that time were young people.

In 1941-45, approx. 12 million boys and girls. Of the 7 thousand Heroes of the Owls. Union under the age of 30, 3.5 thousand are Komsomol members (of which 60 are twice Heroes of the Soviet Union), 3.5 million Komsomol members were awarded orders and medals. The names of members of the Komsomol who fell in the fight against fascist. invaders: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Chekalin, Lisa Chaikina, Alexander Matrosov, Yuri Smirnov, Viktor Talalikhin, Grigory Kagamlyk, Gafur Mamedov, Alexander Passar, Marita Melnikayte, Imant Sudmalis, Noah Adamiy, Theodosius Smolyachkov and many others. others - have become a symbol of courage, courage, heroism. For outstanding services to the Motherland during the years of the Great Fatherland, the war and for the great work in educating owls. youth in the spirit of selfless devotion to the socialist. Fatherland Komsomol Decree of the Presidium of the Upper. Council of the USSR June 14, 1945 was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Enormous work was invested by the Komsomol in the restoration of the destroyed German-Fash. the invaders x-va, in the construction of Minsk, Smolensk, Stalingrad, in the restoration of Leningrad, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh, Sevastopol, Odessa, Rostov-on-Don and many others. other cities, in the revival of industry and the cities of Donbass, Dneproges, collective farms, state farms and MTS. In 1948 alone, 6,200 villages were built and commissioned by the youth. power plants. The Komsomol showed great concern for the placement of children and adolescents left without parents, for expanding the network of orphanages and crafts. schools, construction of schools.

In the 40-50s. Komsomol helped to build large hydraulic engineering. structures (Volga-Don Canal), powerful hydroelectric stations (Volzhskaya named after Lenin, Kuibyshevskaya, Kakhovskaya, etc.). The innovative spirit of young workers, engineers and technicians was clearly manifested. Komsomol members Genrikh Bortkevich, Pavel Bykov, Serafima Kotova, Maria Volkova and many others. etc., combining in their work excellent skills and engineering. thought, boldly broke obsolete technical. norms, fought for increasing labor productivity, saving materials, reducing costs and producing above-plan products.

In 1948, the Komsomol celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. Oct 28 1948 Presidium Top. The Soviet of the USSR awarded the Komsomol with the second Order of Lenin.

The Komsomol took an active part in the implementation of measures developed by the party to raise the village. x-va. Thousands of young specialists, workers and employees, graduates of secondary schools were sent to state farms, collective farms, MTS. In 1954-55, on the Komsomol vouchers for the development of the virgin lands of Kazakhstan, Altai, and Siberia, St. 350 thousand young people. Their work was a real feat. Decree of the Presidium of the Top. Council of the USSR for active participation in the communist. construction and especially for the development of virgin lands of the Komsomol 5 Nov. 1956 was awarded the third Order of Lenin.

Volunteer students from Leningrad go to the front of the Great Patriotic War 1941-45.

Of great importance in the activities of the Komsomol were the 20th Congress of the CPSU (1956) and subsequent events of the Communist. parties and Soviet pr-va aimed at overcoming the personality cult of Stalin, alien to Marxism-Leninism, at the restoration of Leninist norms in the party, and social and political. life. The 20th Congress of the CPSU, noting the merits of the Komsomol, at the same time revealed serious shortcomings in ideological education. Komsomol work. The congress noted that "Komsomol organizations are sometimes unable to involve the youth in practical work, they replace live organizational work with resolutions, pomp and hype" ("CPSU in resolutions ...", 7th ed., Part 4, 1960. p. 142) . The 13th Congress of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (April 1958) worked out, on the basis of the decisions of the 20th Congress of the CPSU, measures for the activation of the Komsomol in the Communist Party. construction, to expand Komsomol democracy. Implementing the decision of the 13th Congress of the Komsomol, the Komsomol took patronage over the construction of ferrous metallurgy enterprises, chemical. prom-sti and the most important new buildings of the country. In 1958-61, on Komsomol vouchers, 800,000 young men and women went to the most important construction sites of the seven-year plan. During 1961-66, up to 1050 prom. objects.

A detachment of Crimean partisans, awarded the banner of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, during the liberation of Simferopol. April 1944.

At the end of 1958, the Komsomol members, together with the communists, became the initiators of the mass movement for the communist. work. The youth workshop of the Moscow-Sortirovochnaya depot was the first to be awarded the title of a communist collective. labor.

Komsomol organizations of the village directed their energy to the successful solution of the most important obshchenar. tasks - to create an abundance of agricultural products in the country. products. The youth showed initiative in the mechanization of livestock breeders. farms and improving the culture of agriculture.

Importance in the history of the Komsomol was the 22nd Congress of the CPSU (1961), which adopted a new Party Program. The congress gave great attention youth, highly appreciated the activities of the Komsomol. The program of the CPSU has become a combat program for the activities of the Komsomol, for all youth. The 14th Congress of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (April 1962) worked out concrete ways of solving the tasks of the Communist Party. construction.

The 15th Congress of the Komsomol (May 1966), based on the decisions of the 23rd Congress of the CPSU (1966), determined further tasks for the communist. education of youth, to implement a new five-year plan for the development of the people. x-va USSR for 1966-70.

The 16th Congress of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (May 1970) summed up the results of the work of the Komsomol in solving the tasks set, determined the direction of further activity in the education of young men and women in the spirit of Lenin's precepts. The 16th congress called on Komsomol members, all the youth of the USSR to take a massive part in scientific and technical. revolution, improving the organization of production and its management. The role of youth in politics is great. and owner the life of the country. Modern the country's young generation is a multimillion-strong army of skilled workers, builders, and rural workers. x-va, engineers, technicians, agronomists, scientists, workers of education, health care, culture, military personnel. Half of those working in trom-sti and construction, approx. 40% of peaks with. x-va is the youth. ZLKSM attracts her to work on increasing the efficiency of societies, production, development and implementation new technology, considering this as a specific task of the participation of the Komsomol in the implementation of economic. party politics. Significantly expanded the scope of the VLKSM in solving people's households. problems, in particular in the development of the wealth of Siberia, the Far East and the Far North, in the redistribution of the country's labor resources. In 1966-70 alone, the Komsomol sent 300,000 young volunteers to the most important new buildings. With the most active participation of the youth, approx. 1500 important facilities, including the largest in the world - the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant, railway. the village of Abakan - Taishet, the Druzhba oil pipeline, etc. In 1970, the Komsomol sponsored 100 shock construction projects, including the development of unique oils. and gas wealth of the Tyumen and Tomsk regions, actively participated in chemicalization and land reclamation (among the country's reclamators in 1970, 100 thousand boys and girls), paid great attention to the service sector (where 200 thousand Komsomol members were sent in 1969).

Komsomol annually organizes reviews to find and use reserves of production: competitions for innovators and inventors; exhibitions of young innovators; competitions of young workers in professions for the title - the best turner, the best milling machine operator, the best plowman, etc. The Komsomol began a mass movement to master the latest achievements of science and technology. The number of participants in the All-Union review of technical. youth creativity - "Five-Year Plan - skill and search for the young" has grown from 2 million (1967) to 7 million (1970).

Student construction teams have become a tradition of university Komsomol members. The scale of their households. activities are expanding every year. 1 million students took part in four working semesters (1966-69). They completed the production, the program for the amount of St. 1.5 billion rubles New forms of youth participation in the management of production, in households have arisen. construction. Among them is the Komsomol Searchlight, which develops the best traditions of the Light Cavalry detachments, and conducts creative work. search for reserves of production. In 1968 ca. 4 million young enthusiasts became participants in the raid for savings and frugality. The work of young patriots is highly marked by the Motherland. 600,000 Komsomol members were awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor. In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of V. I. Lenin."

The cultural level of the Komsomol members has grown significantly. In 1970, in the ranks of the Komsomol, St. 1.8 million engineers and technicians, specialists from. x-va, scientists, workers of culture, health care, teachers. Among workers in science, 56% are people under the age of 30 (June 1, 1967). Komsomol, together with trade unions and cultural institutions, organizes the work of groups of arts, amateur performances, creative. associations, interest clubs. Tens of millions of boys and girls go in for sports, clubs and sections. On the initiative of the Komsomol, creative events are held. seminars for young writers, poets, playwrights, exhibitions of young artists, youth film screenings. Young talents are awarded annual prizes of the Lenin Komsomol: for the best achievements in the field of literature and art (established in March 1966), science and technology (established in June 1967), for active participation in scientific and technical. progress (established in May 1970).

All-Union shock Komsomol building Talnakh. October 1964

Komsomol is an active propagandist of the ideas of Marxism-Leninism, revolutionary, fighting, labor traditions of the Communist. parties, owls. people, is doing a lot of work on the education of young people on the example of the life and work of V. I. Lenin and his associates. Widespread received "Lenin's lessons", combining the study of theoretical. heritage of Lenin with the application of the acquired knowledge in practice. More than 7 million boys and girls in 1970 were engaged in the Komsomol political system. enlightenment. The Komsomol holds competitions for students. works on the problems of societies and sciences (in 1969-70, about 800 thousand students took part in it). In 1969-70, on the eve of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Lenin, and in 1971, in honor of the 24th Congress of the CPSU, the Komsomol held the All-Union Lenin Test. Tens of millions of Komsomol members reported to the party, the people on how they study Lenin's theoretical. heritage, how Lenin's precepts are put into practice, how they participate in the communist. construction, increase their general education, cultural and technical. the level that the societies are doing, the work.

In 1971, the Komsomol had 226 youth, pioneer, and children's newspapers and magazines in 22 languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR. Center, bodies of the Central Committee of the Komsomol - gas. "TVNZ"(awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor and the Order of the Fatherland, War of the 1st degree; from January 1, 1971, the circulation was 7.9 million copies) and gas. "Pionerskaya Pravda" (awarded the Order of Lenin, circulation 9.8 million copies). Center, magazines: "Komsomolskaya Zhizn" (1.39 million copies), "Young Communist" (860 thousand), "Rural Youth" (1.01 million), "Change" (1.0 million) , "Pioneer" (1.35 million), "Technology - Youth" (1.6 million), "Murzilka" (5.6 million), etc. The single circulation of all publications in 1970 was 63 million copies. The Central Committee of the Komsomol has a publishing house - "Young Guard", the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Ukraine - "Youth", the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Uzbekistan - "Yosh Guard". In 1966-70 "Young Guard" released approx. 1500 books (total circulation over 120 million copies). In 1970 there were 149 youth editorial offices for radio broadcasting and 125 for television.

The Komsomol is the initiator of all-Union campaigns to places of revolutionary, military and labor glory, in which millions of young men and women take part. The participants in these campaigns in 1966-69 created St. 60 thousand museums and halls of fame, installed approx. 40 thousand monuments, obelisks and plaques. The museums of A. Matrosov, L. Chaikina, the Young Guard, the Lyudin underground, and the defenders of the Caucasus were built.

In 1969-70, the Komsomol held the All-Union review of sports and defense mass work and an exam in physical education. and military-technical. youth training. The children's and youth competitions "Golden Puck", "Leather Ball", "Olympic Spring", "Neptune", etc., held by the Central Committee of the Komsomol, became truly massive. In 1966-1970, St. 23 million young athletes, and in the all-Union military-sports game "Zarnitsa" 21 million.

Komsomol participates in the management of the affairs of the Soviet. roc. Its representatives work in the state, trade union bodies, in the bodies of people. control, culture and sports. In the composition of the top. Council of the USSR in 1970 elected 281 deputies under the age of 30, 10% of all deputies. The Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Republics were made up of young people; there were more than 493 thousand young people under the age of 29 in the local Soviets of Working People's Deputies, of which St. 260 thousand - members of the Komsomol. VLKSM, expressing and defending the interests of the entire owls. youth, takes part in the development of laws and regulations on labor, education, recreation and life of youth. Of great importance is the creation (1968) of permanent deputy commissions for youth affairs in the Upper. Soviets of the USSR and republics, regional, regional, district, city and district Soviets of Working People's Deputies. In 1969, 65,000 deputies worked in 10,000 of these commissions. Komsomol committees are given the right, together with trade unions and households. bodies to participate in resolving issues related to the admission and dismissal of young people, bonuses for young workers, collective farmers, employees, labor protection for adolescents, the distribution of apartments, places in hostels, the use of funds intended. on the development of mass cultural and sports activities. The Komsomol contributes to the development of the individuality of every young person, strives in its work to take into account the needs and interests of young people, the diversity of their personal qualities, inclinations, and talents.

The Komsomol shows great concern for the training and retraining of Komsomol cadres. Created in Feb. 1945 Center, Komsomol school in 1969 was reorganized into the Higher Komsomol School under the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, 22 zonal and rep. Komsomol schools. VLKSM has no state. subsidies. Its budget is formed from the receipt of membership dues, den. accumulations of youth publishing houses, magazines and newspapers, etc.

VLKSM is one of the most powerful combat units of the international. communist and democratic. youth movement. In 1970, the Komsomol and Soviets. youth organizations collaborated with international, regional, national. and local youth associations in 129 countries of the world. The VLKSM attaches paramount importance to the strengthening of fraternal relations with the youth unions of the socialist. countries. The VLKSM is developing ties with the advanced detachments of the capitalist youth. countries - communist. youth organizations, assists their peers in Asia, Africa and Lat. America, fighting against colonialism, for nat. independence, democracy and socialism. Komsomol pays great attention to strengthening and expanding the influence of the World Federation of Democratic. Youth and International student union. Between the 15th and 16th congresses of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League in the USSR, 42 international meetings were held. events, including the meeting "October and youth", the seminar "V. I. Lenin and modern world", scientific conferences "KIM, its revolutionary traditions and modernity", festivals, weeks of friendship between the youth of the USSR and the youth of many countries of the world. In 1971, at the suggestion of the Komsomol, a worldwide action "Youth exposes imperialism" was held. Youth Organizations of the USSR (KMO USSR) is a public organization that promotes the further strengthening of friendship and cooperation between Soviet youth and youth from other countries. -69 the USSR was visited by more than 270 thousand boys and girls of foreign countries, about 200 thousand Soviet boys and girls made tourist trips abroad.

The Oath of the Youth of the USSR, adopted on September 11, 1966 on Red Square in Moscow.

In 1968 owls. The youth and all the people celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Lenin Komsomol. For outstanding services and a great contribution of Komsomol members to the formation and strengthening of the Sov. power, courage and heroism shown in battles with the enemies of the socialist. Fatherland, active participation in the construction of socialism, for fruitful work on the political. education of the younger generations in the spirit of devotion to the precepts of Lenin, the Komsomol was awarded by the Presidium of the Top. Council of the USSR Order of the October Revolution.

Questions of the work of the Komsomol were regularly discussed and are being discussed at congresses, party conferences, and plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In the Charter of the CPSU there is a special. section "Party and Komsomol". It defines the role of the Communist. party as the leader of the Komsomol and the role of the Komsomol as an assistant and reserve of the party. The resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol and the tasks of the communist education of youth" defines the main. areas of activity of the Komsomol in modern. stage, specific measures have been outlined to ensure an increase in the role and responsibility of the Komsomol in the household, cultural and state. construction.

The Central Committee of the CPSU formulated the tasks of the Komsomol in modern. conditions. They consist in preparing a generation of comprehensively developed, highly educated people, staunch and selfless fighters for the victory of communism, capable of directing the affairs of society and the state. To teach Komsomol members, all young men and women to creatively master the Marxist-Leninist theory, to form their scientific. materialistic worldview, to cultivate ideological conviction, a class approach to the phenomena of societies, life, devotion to the cause of the party. All owls. The youth should know the teachings of Lenin, be able to live and fight in the Leninist way. To educate the youth on the experience of the Communist. party, on the revolutionary, fighting and labor traditions of the people, tirelessly develop in it the feelings of owls. patriotism, indestructible fraternal friendship of the peoples of the USSR and span, internationalism, love for the socialist. Fatherland, constant readiness to defend the conquests of October with weapons in hand, to form communistic among boys and girls. attitude to work, socialist. ownership, high responsibility for the affairs of the collective and society, to ensure that they are clearly aware of the inseparable connection of personal ideals with the great goals of the people. To educate the younger generation in the spirit of the communist. morality and morality, collectivism and comradeship, intolerant attitude towards manifestations of selfishness, philistinism and private ownership. psychology, to violations of socialist norms. hostels and owls. laws. Raise revolution. the vigilance of Komsomol members and youth, to persistently instill in them intolerance towards the bourgeoisie. ideology and morality, to the attempts of the imperialist. propaganda to deceive the younger generation with false slogans of "class peace", mercilessly expose the anti-popular, reactionary. essence of capitalism. The 16th Congress of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League outlined ways to implement the tasks set by the party for the Soviets. youth.

After the 16th Congress, the Komsomol launched a major effort to mobilize the youth for the successful completion of the 8th Five-Year Plan. In connection with the 50th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's speech at the 3rd Congress of the RKSM, the All-Union Leninist lesson "Learning Communism in a Leninist Way" was held, in which approx. 42 million boys and girls. The Party constantly takes care of strengthening the parties, the nucleus in the Komsomol; the number of communists working in the Komsomol increased one and a half times.

Much attention was paid to the Komsomol by the 24th Congress of the CPSU (1971). The congress pointed to the growing role and importance of the Komsomol as a reserve and closest assistant to the party in the communist. educating the next generation and building a new society. In Apr. The 1971 plenum of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, and after it the All-Union Komsomol Assembly, supported the mass patriotic. youth movement "Five-Year Plan - shock work, skill and search for the young".

The Komsomol takes an example from the CPSU, from the communists. To learn from the Party how to live and fight - this is the highest meaning of the activity of the Komsomol, the meaning of the life of every young man of the Owls. Union. During the period from the 23rd to the 24th congresses of the CPSU, 1,350,000 members joined the party. VLKSM, i.e. 45% of its replenishment.

Chairmen, first, general secretaries of the Komsomol Central Committee: 1918 Nov. - 1919, 9 Oct. - O. L. Rybkin; 1919, 10 Oct.-1922, 4 Apr. - L. A. Shatskin; 1922, 5 Apr. - 1924, July 18 - P. I. Smorodin; 1924, July 18-1928, May 16 - N. P. Chaplin; 1928, May 17 - 1929, April 24 - A. I. Milchakov; 1929, 24 Apr. -1938, 23 Nov. - A. V. Kosarev; 1938, 23 Nov. - 1952, 30 Oct. - N. A. Mikhailov; 1952, October 30-1958, March 28 - A. N. Shelepin; 1958, March 28 - 1959, March 25 - V. E. Semichastny; 1959, March 25 - 1968, June 12 - S. P. Pavlov; from June 12, 1968 - E. M. Tyazhelnikov.

The numerical composition of the Komsomol (at the beginning of the year)

Chronology

MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS II FACTS OF THE HISTORY OF THE VLKSM

1917-1920

1917 March- oct.- Creation of organizations of working youth in Moscow, Petrograd and other cities; 1918, Aug.- Creation of the Organizing Bureau to convene the 1st All-Russian. congress of unions of the workers and the cross, youth. Oct 29- Nov 4- 1st All-Russian. congress of unions of the workers and the cross, youth. The congress created Ross, a communist. Youth Union (RKSM). November- a circular letter of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), in which it was reported on the creation of the Komsomol and its tasks. Dec 15- publication of Lee 1 of the journal of the Central Committee of the RKSM "Young Communist"; 1919, Feb. 28- 1st congress of the Komsomol of Latvia. March 31- 2 Apr.- 1st Congress of the Komsomol of Georgia. March- the adoption by the 8th Congress of the RCP (b) of the resolution "On work among the youth." April- 1st All-Russian. The Congress of the Union of Communist Students decided to merge with the RKSM. At the convention on 17 April V. I. Lenin spoke. 22 May - Communist Youth Day in Moscow under the slogan "To the front!". May - 1st All-Russian. mobilization of RKSM to the East. front. June 26 - July 1- 1st Congress of the Komsomol of Ukraine. Oct 5 - 8 - 2nd All-Russian. congress of the RKSM. October- 2nd All-Russian. mobilization of RKSM to the South. front. Nov 20 -26- Establish. International youth congress in Berlin; foundation of KIM; 1920 Jan.- 1st Congress of Komsomol organizations of Turkestan. May - 3rd All-Russian. mobilization of RKSM in the West. front. July 16-19- 1st Congress of the Komsomol of Azerbaijan. four sept.- the first All-Russian. Youth Sabbath. 24 - 27 Sept.-1st congress of the Komsomol Belorus 1402 sept. September- Congress of Youth of the East (Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Khiva, Georgia, Armenia, Bukhara, Turkestan, Turkey, Iran). October 2-10 - 3rd Congress of the RKSM. Oct 2 V. I. Lenin delivered a speech at the congress entitled "The Tasks of Youth Unions." The congress formalized the entry of the RKSM into the KIM.

1921 - 1940

1921 March- The 10th Congress of the RCP (b) in the resolution "On the issues of parties, construction" singled out a special. section on working with the RKSM. June 1 - 6- 1st All-Russian. RKSM conference. July 7-13- 1st Vsekazakh. conference of Komsomol organizations. August 21 - 22 - 1st Congress of the Komsomol of Armenia. September 21 - 28 - 4th Congress of the RKSM; 1922 March- Apr.- adoption by the 11th Congress of the RCP(b) of the resolution "On the issue of the RKSM". May 16-19 - 2nd All-Russian. RKSM conference. 19 May - the day of the creation of the pioneer org-tions. September- 1st Congress of the Estonian Komsomol. October 11-19 - 5th Congress of the RKSM. 16 oct. - adoption by the congress of a decision on patronage of the Voen.-mor. the fleet of the republic; 1923, Jan.- Week of the Red Fleet, held by the Komsomol. April- adoption by the 12th Congress of the RCP(b) of the decision "On the work of the RKSM". June 25-30- 3rd All-Russian. RKSM conference; 1924, Jan.- post, plenum of the Central Committee of the RKSM on the assignment of the pioneer org-tsy named after V. I. Lenin. May - the adoption by the 13th Congress of the RCP (b) of the resolution "On work among the youth." 12 - 18 July- 6th Congress of the RKSM. The congress renamed the RKSM into Ross. Leninist communist. Youth Union (RLKSM). October 17-18- 1st congress of the Lithuanian Komsomol; 1925 March- the beginning of the release of gas. "Pioneer Truth". 1st Congress of the Komsomol of Turkmenistan. April- 1st Congress of the Komsomol of Uzbekistan. May 24 - exit? 1 gas. "TVNZ". May - 1st Congress of the Komsomol of Kyrgyzstan. 16 - June 23- 4th All-Russian. RLKSM conference. October- All-Tage. conference of Komsomol organizations. December- discussion by the 14th Congress of the CPSU(b) of the issue "On the work of the Komsomol"; 1926, March 11 - 22- 7th Congress of the RLKSM. The congress decided to rename the RLKSM into the All-Union Leninist Communist Party. Youth Union (VLKSM). 17 Sept.- the creation of workers-Komsomol members for Leningrad. the "Red Triangle" plant, one of the country's first shock brigades; 1927, March 24-31- 5th All-Union Conference of the Komsomol; Feb. 23, 1928- post. Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on the awarding of the Komsomol for courage and courage on the fronts of Citizenship. war with the Order of the Red Banner. May 5-16 - 8th Congress of the Komsomol; 1929, Jan 26- "Komsomolskaya Pravda" called on the working youth to develop the All-Union Socialist. competition, 17-24 June- 6th All-Union Conference of the Komsomol. Dec 23 - Post Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "On the participation of the Komsomol in economic construction": 1930, May 23- post. Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on the awarding gas. "Komsomolskaya Pravda" Order of Lenin for active participation in the development of the socialist. competition and percussion. 1930 - The Komsomol took patronage over the construction of the Ural-Kuzbass; 1931, Jan 16-26-9th Congress of the Komsomol. The Komsomol took patronage over Voyen.-Vozd. the country's navy. 21 Jan. - post. Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on awarding the Komsomol with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for the initiative in the cause of socialism. competition. 10 oct. - post. Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League on the introduction of a single Komsomol ticket; 1932 June- the beginning of construction in the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. 1 - July 7- 7th conference of the Komsomol; 1933, sept.- mobilization of Moscow. org-tion VLKSM 10 thousand Komsomol members on the construction of Moscow. subway; 1936, 11 - 21 Apr.- 10th Congress of the Komsomol; 1939 March- The 18th Congress of the CPSU (b) supplemented the charter of the party special. section "Party and Komsomol". May - adoption of the Komsomol decision "On the training of 100,000 female tractor drivers on the job, as well as patronage over the construction of a large sea and ocean fleet, the Second Baku, the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex, the Amur-Steel plant" and others; 1940 - in the composition of the Komsomol adopted: in august- Komsomol of Latvia, in October- Lithuania and Estonia.

1941 - 1950

1941, March 15-16- 1st Congress of the Komsomol of Moldova. June 23- post. Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League "On measures for military work in the Komsomol". June- Komsomol pilots P. Kharitonov, S. Zdorovtsev and M. Zhukov used a ram in air combat and were the first in Vel. Fatherland, the war received the title of Hero of the Owls. Union. July- the emergence of the two-hundred movement among the Komsomol members. 1941, Aug. - 1942, Nov.- acted in the Kaluga region. Ludinovskaya underground organization of the Komsomol. 28 sept.- creation of Antifash. to-ta owls. youth. September October- the beginning of the competition of front-line youth brigades at the Ural heavy engineering plant named after. Ordzhonikidze and the Gorky Automobile Plant. November- heroic the feat of the Komsomol partisan Zon Kosmodemyanskaya; 1941, Nov. - 1943, aug.-operated at st. Obol, Vitebsk region underground org-tsya of the Komsomol; 1941, Dec. - 1943, Feb.- acted in the Nikolaev region. the underground organization of the Komsomol "Partisan spark"; 1942, Sept. - 1943, Jan.- the underground organization of the Komsomol "Young Guard" operated in Krasnodon; 1942, Oct. -1944, March- an underground organizing committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League was operating in Kaunas; Feb. 23, 1943- heroic the feat of a member of the Komsomol Guards Private Alexander Matrosov; 1944 - mobilization of 100 thousand Komsomol members to work in the village. x-ve; 1945 Feb.- Creation of the Center, the Komsomol school under the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League. May - rewarding gas. "Komsomolskaya Pravda" Order of the Fatherland, War of the 1st degree. June 14- Decree of the Presidium Top. Council of the USSR on awarding the Komsomol with the Order of Lenin for outstanding services to the Motherland during the years of the Great Fatherland, the war. Nov 10- Formation of the World Federation of Democratic. youth (WFDY) with the participation of owls. delegations to the 1st world conference youth (London); 1946, Aug.- Creation of the International students' union (MSS); 1947 July- Aug.- participation of the delegation of owls. youth in the 1st Intern. democratic festival. youth and students in Prague; 1948, Oct. 28 - Decree of the Presidium of the Upper. Council of the USSR on awarding the Komsomol in connection with the 30th anniversary of the Order of Lenin; 1949, March 29- 8 Apr. 11th Congress of the Komsomol. August-participation of the delegation of owls. youth at the 2nd World Festival of Youth and Students in Budapest; 1950 May- awarding the Order of Lenin gas. "Pionerskaya Pravda" in connection with the 25th anniversary. June- awarding the Order of the Red Banner of Labor gas. "TVNZ".

1951 - 1960

1951, Aug.- participation of the delegation of owls. youth at the 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students in Berlin; 1953, Aug.- participation of the delegation of owls. youth in the 4th World Festival of Youth and Students in Bucharest; 1954, March 19-27- 12th Congress of the Komsomol; 1955 July- Aug.- participating in the delegation of owls. youth in the 5th World Festival of Youth and Students in Warsaw; 1956, Apr.- adoption by the 5th Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League of the decision "On the tasks of Komsomol organizations in connection with the decisions of the XX Congress of the CPSU" (February 1956). May 18 - The Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR appealed to young people to go to the construction sites of the east. and sowing regions of the country and in the Donbass. July- Antifash. set of owls. youth was reorganized into the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR. Nov 5- Decree of the Presidium Top. Council on awarding the Komsomol Order of Lenin for great services in the socialist. construction, and especially in the successful development of virgin and fallow lands; 1957 July- Aug.- 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow. Dec 6 - Decree of the Presidium Top. Council of the USSR on the awarding of gas. "Komsomolskaya Pravda" with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in connection with the release of 10 thousand. numbers; Feb 7, 1958- Decree of the Presidium Top. Council of the USSR on the establishment of the Day of owls. youth. 15-18 Apr. 13th Congress of the Komsomol. November- on the initiative of the Communists and Komsomol members of the Moscow-Sortirovochnaya depot, a movement of collectives and shock workers of communist labor began in the country; 1959 July- Aug.- participation of a delegation of Soviet youth in the 7th World Festival of Youth and Students in Vienna; 1960, 27 - May 30- All-Union Conference in the Kremlin leaders of the competition for the title of brigades and shock workers of communist labor, convened by the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the Central Committee of the Komsomol.

1961 - 1971

1961 July- Aug.- The World Youth Forum in Moscow (800 representatives from 106 countries), which discussed the problems of peace and friendship between peoples; 1962. 16-20 April - 14th Congress of the Komsomol. July August- participation of the delegation of owls. youth at the 8th World Festival of Youth and Students in Helsinki; 1963. Jan.- the decision of the Central Committee of the Komsomol on the public appeal of young people to the most important construction sites of the country. April - post. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League on strengthening the role of Komsomol organizations in the work of trade enterprises and societies, catering. September- a rally of young builders of the All-Union shock Komsomol construction projects in Siberia and the Far East; 1965 Feb.- post. Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League on the participation of Komsomol organizations in the development of oil. and gas fields Zap. Siberia and the Mangyshlak Peninsula. September- 1st All-Union meeting of the winners of tourism. campaign of youth in places of military glory of owls. people; 1966 March- The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League established the Honorary Badge of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League and the annual Lenin Komsomol Prize for the best production. in areas literature and art. May 17 - 21 - 15th Congress of the Komsomol; 1967, Apr.- The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League announced the patronage of the youth over the construction and reconstruction of the city of Ulyanovsk. July-Aug.- Intern. youth meeting in Leningrad, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. December- the plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League considered the issue "On the work of the Komsomol organizations of universities for the communist education of youth"; 1968 June- All-Union military-sport. game "Zarnitsa". July August- participation of owls. delegations at the 9th World Festival of Youth and Students in Sofia. Oct 3 - post. Central Committee of the CPSU "On the 50th Anniversary of the Komsomol and the Tasks of the Communist Education of Youth". 25 October - solemn plenum of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol. Decree of the Presidium Top. Council of the USSR on awarding the Komsomol Order of the October Revolution and awarding orders to many others. Komsomol organizations of the country. December- by decision of the 5th session Top. The Council of the USSR created Permanent Commissions for Youth Affairs under the Council of the Union and the Council of Nationalities. Permanent commissions for youth affairs were established at the sessions of the Top. Councils of Union Republics, local Soviets; 1969 March 27- Decree of the Presidium Top. Council of the USSR on awarding the publishing house of the Central Committee of the Komsomol "Young Guard" with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for fruitful work on the communist. education of children and youth, active participation in the development of Soviet literature. March- 5th All-Union Conference of Young Writers; 1970 April 10- All-Union Komsomol meeting "To work, study and live like Lenin." It was attended by 54,236,780 Komsomol members, boys and girls, party and Komsomol veterans, participants in the October Revolution, the Civil and Patriotic Wars, party., Sov. and owner workers. May 26-30 - 16th Congress of the Komsomol; 1971, 3 - 10 May- All-Union Komsomol meeting "On the results of the 24th Congress of the CPSU and the tasks of Komsomol organizations in the implementation of its decisions."

Lit.: The heirs of the revolution. Documents of the party about the Komsomol and youth, [M.], 1969; Comrade Komsomol. Documents of congresses, conferences and the Central Committee of the Komsomol 1918 - 1968, vol. 1 - 2, M., 1969; 50 years of the Komsomol. Documents and materials, M., 1969; In the ring of fronts. Youth during the Civil War. Sat. documents, M., 1963; March of shock brigades. Youth in the years of the restoration of the national economy and socialist construction. 1921 -1941 Sat. documents, M., 1965; fiery years. Youth during the Great Patriotic War Soviet Union 1941 - 1945 Sat. documents, [M.], 1965; Lenin V.I., O youth, M., 1966; Kalinin M.I., On communist education, M., 1958; Kirov S. M., O youth, M., 1969; Krupskaya N. K., Questions of the communist education of youth, 2nd ed., M., 1966; Lunacharsky A.V., Lenin and youth, in his book: Silhouettes, M., 1965; Lenin Komsomol. Essays on the history of the Komsomol, vol. 1 (1918 - 1941), M., 1969; Combat relay of generations. Essays and documents on the heroic deeds of the Komsomol members of the army and navy, M., 1963; Atsarkin A.N., Life and struggle of working youth in Russia (1901 - Oct. 1917), M., 1965; Tra and n and and A. S., the Bolshevik Party - the leader of the revolutionary movement of working youth in 1917, Krasnodar, 1965; Trushchenko N.V., Party and Komsomol. 1918 - 1920, Gorky, 1966; History of the Komsomol. Living chronicle, notebook 1 - 3, M., 1966 - 68; The glorious path of the Lenin Komsomol. Index of Literature, M., 1965. B. A. Balashov, V. V. Lutsky.

The Komsomol is a mass patriotic organization of the Soviet youth. There are no other examples in history of a youth movement that would reach more than 160 million people over the years of its existence and could boast of real achievements. Civil War, labor five-year plans, heroism during the Great Patriotic War, virgin lands, Komsomol shock construction projects - all this is the Komsomol. The birth of the Komsomol is not an act implanted from above, it is the unification of the energy and fervor of the hearts of young people who dream of being useful to their homeland.

background

The initiator and ideologist of the organizational completion of attempts to create numerous youth groups was V. I. Lenin. And they were created before the revolution. At first, youth primary organizations were formed within the party and united workers and students. It was the students who were the most revolutionary class of that time. During the period of Dual Power (February-October 1917), when history could unfold both towards the bourgeois and towards the socialist system, N. K. Krupskaya and V. I. Lenin developed a program of revolutionary youth associations.

In large cities, organizations were created that became the basis for creating a structure of an all-Russian scale. For example, the SSRM (Union of Socialist Working Youth) in Petrograd, approaching the birthday of the Komsomol.

Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth

At the height of the Civil War (1918), the first congress of delegates from disparate youth organizations countrywide. 176 people arrived from everywhere: from territories captured by the White Guards, as well as by the German army (Ukraine, Poland); from breakaway Finland and the self-proclaimed Baltic republics, as well as from Japanese-occupied Vladivostok. They were united by the desire to create a new power built on the principles of justice. The opening day of the congress (October 29) will go down in history as the birthday of the Komsomol, which united more than 22 thousand people.

The adopted charter and program of the All-Russian organization stated that it was independent, but operated under the leadership of the Communist Party, which determined its ideological direction. The main speaker was Lazar Abramovich Shatskin, the author of the program. His name is little known in the country, because in years he will be shot for accusations of Trotskyism. Like many other first secretaries of the Central Committee, who headed the organization until

Symbols of the RKSM

The lists of delegates to the first congress have not been preserved even in the archives. Later, the task arose of identifying belonging to an organization that was called the RKSM (Russian Communist Youth Union). Already in 1919, Komsomol tickets appeared. In the conditions of the civil war, during which the Central Committee announced three mobilizations, they were kept and protected at the cost of their lives. A little later, the first icons appeared. Their release, at first in insufficient quantities, was handled by the Komsomol itself. The birth of the Komsomol was immortalized with four letters RKSM against the background of a flag with a star. Badges were also awarded to the best representatives of the organization.

Since 1922, a new uniform form has been approved with the abbreviation KIM, meaning youth. The form will also change in 1947, acquiring its final form only in 1956. It will already be handed over to all those joining the ranks of the organization along with a Komsomol ticket.

Tasks of the Komsomol

In 1920, the Civil War was still going on, but it became clear that the Red Army was winning. This set serious tasks for the Bolshevik Party to restore the destroyed economy, create the country's energy base and create a new society. The state needed competent personnel, so 2.10. 1920 at the next (III) congress of the Komsomol, V.I. Lenin, who defined the mission of the newly created organization: to study communism. It already included 482 thousand people.

In the year of the birth of the Komsomol, it was important to win, but now it was necessary to form the generation that was to live in different social conditions. The military front was to be replaced by the labor front. Grandiose accomplishments in the prewar years became possible thanks to the participation of working youth in collectivization, Komsomol construction projects, patronage of universal education, the movement of "thousanders" (who fulfilled the plan by 1000%) and the receipt of higher vocational education(workers' faculty). Many Western analysts believed that the success of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War became possible thanks to the upbringing of a person of a new formation, who puts the interests of the country above personal ones, in which the Komsomol succeeded.

The birth of the Komsomol: the name of V. I. Lenin

In January 1924, the country was shocked by the news of the death of V. I. Lenin, the leader of the world proletariat and the leader of the country. In the summer of the same year, the Congress (VI) of the RKSM was held, at which the issue of assigning the name of V. I. Lenin to the Komsomol was decided. The appeal spoke of a firm determination to live, fight and work in the Leninist way. His little book "The Tasks of Youth Unions" became a desktop for every Komsomol member.

Birthday Leninist Komsomol(12.07) added the letter "L" to the abbreviation of the name of the organization, and over the next two years it was referred to as the RLKSM.

Status of the all-Union organization

The date is 12/30/1922, when four republics became part of the union state: the RSFSR, the Byelorussian SSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Transcaucasian SFSR. The status of the All-Union Komsomol organization received in 1926 at the VII Congress. The birthday of the Komsomol of the USSR is March 11, while the Komsomol of all union republics was preserved. Such a structure existed until the Komsomol was alive. The birth of the Komsomol in 1918 ended with its self-dissolution in September 1991, which is associated with the collapse of the Union. Despite the emergence of organizations that consider themselves the legal successors of the Komsomol - the Komsomol of the Russian Federation, the RKSM, the RKSM (b), there is no longer such a mass structure in the history of the country. In 1977, its members were 36 million people, almost the entire population of the country from 14 to 28 years old.