Where do polar bears live? Habitat of the polar bear. Where do polar bears live? Who are polar bears

Polar bear, without a doubt, is one of the most amazing animals on our planet. This is evidenced even by the fact that these majestic animals manage to survive in one of the most extreme and cold places on Earth.

We all know that polar bears and especially cubs can be incredibly adorable, but many people don't know that they are also very smart and resourceful. There is a huge amount of facts worth knowing about these amazing giants. To expand your knowledge about polar bears, we bring to your attention interesting and little-known facts.

First I decided to determine exactly where do polar bears live?
And they live on the Island of the Arctic Ocean - Arctic. This area is distinguished by its peculiar weather. There are long winters and very short summers with white nights when the sun hardly leaves the sky.

Snow lies almost all year round. The temperature at this time can drop to -60 degrees. Despite the fact that it is very cold at the North Pole, you can meet animals there. One of these animals is the polar bear. Polar bears do not live anywhere except the Arctic.

2. Appearance of a polar bear

The polar bear is the largest, strongest animal in the bear family. It weighs about 700 kg, and the length of its body reaches 3 meters. Polar bears are covered from head to toe with thick white fur.

Bear fur perfectly retains the heat of his body, so they are not afraid of even the most severe frosts. When a polar bear walks on ice, its paws are bent inward. Thus, this large beast can keep its balance and not slip.

White bears- excellent swimmers, can stay in the water for hours. Water does not penetrate them under a fur coat, and therefore they always remain dry. They jump into the water head first or slide backwards. Dive with open eyes and closed nostrils. They can stay underwater for up to 2 minutes.

The polar bear has black skin under the white fur!
It heats up perfectly in the sun and helps the bear dry quickly.

Adapted to the low temperatures of the Arctic and long hunger strikes. Unlike their dark counterparts, alone, on their own.

This animal has the most sensitive scent, however, they are not deprived of both hearing and sharp eyesight, which allows them to easily hunt agile seals in the water, which make up the main diet of a furry predator.

Habitat

Polar bears live, perhaps, in the most severe climate zone, they are typical inhabitants of the Far North. The Arctic is their home. It happens that a polar bear enters the tundra of the mainland - in the coastal zones of Greenland, Alaska, Canada, Russia and Norway. Today, an agreement has been concluded between these countries on the protection and protection of the polar bear population.

The white predator does not lead sedentary life and constantly moves with the help of floating drifting ice. For example, it moves across the ice to Alaska from Russia, from Canada to Greenland and Norway. Territorial ownership is not characteristic of a polar bear, so it easily shares living space with relatives and other animals. But nepotism, on the contrary, is developed.

It is known that polar bears are able to swim without rest at sub-zero air temperatures in icy water for about eighty kilometers.

The male leaves immediately after the birth of the puppy, and the female brings up and trains the cub for a long time. In the event of the death of a female, the cubs, as a rule, quickly die, with the exception of broods of three or four puppies, where the very fact of the need to fight for maternal attention and food makes the cubs more adaptable and independent already in the first year of life.

Survival Secrets

The polar bear has well developed paws. They have convex soles with a rough surface, which help the beast well in moving on ice. These white predators have much larger paws in relation to the whole body than their counterparts, other bears. The favorite type of food is, of course, fish, which the polar bear easily catches in open areas of water, as well as small land and sea animals.

On land, the polar predator keeps mainly at river valleys or near the sea coasts and tries not to enter the glaciers themselves, although sometimes polar bears appear even on the Greenland ice dome.

It is also noteworthy that the polar bear does not fall into the traditional winter hibernation and does not drink water, because it receives required amount moisture from your food.

Changing ice conditions seriously affect the seasonal migrations of polar bears. When the ice melts and collapses, the polar bear, an excellent swimmer, moves to the Arctic border, closer to the north. With stable seasonal ice formation, bears migrate back. It is the observations of the behavior of white clubfoot that allow scientists to draw conclusions about the glacial reserve of the planet, to predict global warming.

- a predator included in the suborder of canids, the bear family and the bear genus. This unique mammal belongs to endangered species. Its most famous names are umka, oshkuy, nanuk and polar bear. He lives in the north, eats fish and smaller animals, sometimes attacks humans. Just a few centuries ago, its numbers exceeded hundreds of thousands of individuals, but their systematic destruction forced the defenders of nature to sound the alarm.

Where does the polar bear live?

The polar bear lives exclusively in the polar regions. northern hemisphere, but this does not mean that the animal lives wherever non-melting arctic snow lies. Most bears do not go beyond 88 degrees north latitude, while the extreme point of their distribution in the south is the island of Newfoundland, whose few inhabitants risk their lives daily, trying to get along with a dangerous predator.

The inhabitants of the arctic and tundra zones of Russia, Greenland, the USA and Canada are also well acquainted with the polar bear. Most of the animals live in areas with drifting, multi-year ice, where many seals and walruses also live. Most often, a bear can be seen near a large polynya, on the edge of which it freezes in anticipation of a seal or fur seal that has risen from the depths.

It is impossible to accurately determine the mainland where the polar bear lives for the most part. The most extensive populations of these animals were named after the place of their main concentration. So, most predators prefer:

• eastern shores of the Kara and East Siberian seas, cold waters of the Laptev Sea, New Siberian Islands and archipelago New Earth(Laptev population);
• the shores of the Barents Sea, the western part of the Kara Sea, the islands of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, Frans Josef Land and Svalbard (Kara-Barents Sea population);
• Chukchi Sea, northern part Bering Sea, East Siberian Sea, Wrangel and Herald Islands (Chukotka-Alaska population).

White bears are rarely found directly in the Arctic, preferring more southern and warm seas where they are more likely to survive. Habitat is variable and associated with boundaries polar ice. If the Arctic summer drags on and the ice begins to melt, then the animals move closer to the pole. With the onset of winter, they return to the south, preferring the ice-covered coastal zones and the mainland.

Description of the polar bear

The polar bears described below are the most large mammals predators on the planet. They owe their significant dimensions to their distant ancestor, which became extinct thousands of years ago. The giant polar bear was at least 4 meters long and weighed about 1.2 tons.

The modern polar bear is somewhat inferior in mass and height. So, the maximum length of a white bear does not exceed 3 meters with a body weight of up to 1 ton. The average weight of males does not exceed 500 kilograms, females weigh 200-350 kilograms. The height of an adult animal at the withers is only 1.2-1.5 meters, while the giant polar bear reached a height of 2-2.5 meters.

Woolen cover, features of the structure of the body and head

The entire body of the white bear is covered with fur, which protects against severe frosts and allows you to feel comfortable even in icy water. Only the nose and paw pads are devoid of fur. The color of the fur coat can be crystal white, yellowish and even green.

In fact, the animal's coat is devoid of pigmentation, it is colorless, the hairs are hollow, dense, hard, located at a minimum distance from each other. There is a well-developed undercoat, under which black skin with a 10 cm layer of fat is found.

The white color of the coat serves as an ideal disguise for the animal. A lurking bear is not easy to figure out even experienced hunter, seals and walruses often become victims of this cunning and cruel predator.

The structure of the body, head and legs

Unlike the grizzly, the polar bear's neck is elongated, the head is flat, its front part is elongated, the ears are small, rounded.

These animals are skilled swimmers, which is achieved due to the presence of webs between their toes and is determined by where the polar bear lives most of the year. At the time of the swim, no matter how much the polar bear weighs, thanks to the membranes, it can easily overtake even the fastest prey.

The legs of the predator are columnar, ending in powerful paws. The soles of the feet are covered with wool, which serves as an ideal protection against freezing and slipping. The front parts of the paws are covered with stiff bristles, under which sharp claws are hidden, allowing them to hold prey for a long time. Having captured the prey with its claws, the predator then uses its teeth. His jaws are powerful, incisors and fangs are well developed. A healthy animal has up to 42 teeth; there are no facial vibrissae.

All representatives of this species have a tail, the polar bear is no exception in this regard. His tail is small, from 7 to 13 centimeters long, lost against the background of elongated hair on the back of the back.

Endurance

The polar bear is an extremely hardy animal, despite its apparent clumsiness, it is able to overcome up to 5.6 kilometers per hour on land and up to 7 kilometers per hour on water. The average speed of a predator is 40 kilometers per hour.

Polar bears hear and see well, and an excellent sense of smell allows you to smell prey located at a distance of 1 kilometer from it. The animal is able to detect a seal hiding under several meters of snow, or hiding at the bottom of a polynya, even if it is at a depth of more than 1 meter.

How long does a polar bear live?

Oddly enough, polar bears live longer in captivity than in natural environment a habitat. The average life expectancy in this case does not exceed 20-30 years, while the zoo inhabitant is quite capable of living over 45-50 years. This is due to the declining food supply, the annual melting of glaciers and the ongoing extermination of predators by humans.

In Russia, hunting for a polar bear is prohibited, but in other countries there are only some restrictions on this subject, allowing to exterminate no more than a few hundred predators per year. In most cases, such hunting is in no way connected with the real needs for meat and skins, therefore it is a real barbarism in relation to this beautiful and powerful beast.

Features of character and lifestyle

The polar bear is considered a cruel predator, attacking even people. The animal prefers a solitary lifestyle, males and females gather together only during the rut. The rest of the time, bears move exclusively on their own territory, conquered from their other brethren, and this applies not only to males, but also to females with newborn offspring.

Hibernation

Unlike their brown counterparts, the polar bear may not hibernate for the winter. Most often, only pregnant females sleep on the eve of childbirth. Adult males do not sleep every season, the duration of hibernation is no more than 80 days ( Brown bear sleeps 75 to 195 days a year).

Reproduction of polar bears, care for offspring

In relation to each other, polar bears behave quite peacefully, most fights take place between males during the rut. At this time, not only adult animals can suffer, but also cubs, which prevent the female from re-participating in mating games.

Animals become sexually mature when they reach 4 or 8 years, while females are ready to bear offspring 1-2 years earlier than males.

The mating season lasts from late March to early June. One female can be chased by up to 7 males. Bearing offspring takes at least 250 days, which corresponds to 8 months. Pregnancy begins with a latent stage, which is characterized by a delay in embryo implantation. This feature is associated not only with the physiology of the animal, but also with the conditions of its habitat. The female must prepare for the development of the fetus and for a long hibernation. Around the end of October, she begins to equip her own lair, and for this purpose she sometimes travels hundreds of kilometers. Many females dig dens near existing buildings. So, on the skeletons of Wrangel and Franz Josef, there are at least 150 closely spaced lairs.

The development of the embryo begins in mid-November, when the female is already sleeping. Her hibernation ends in April and at about the same time 1-3 bear cubs appear in the den, weighing from 450 to 700 grams each. An exception is the birth of 4 cubs. The babies are covered with thin fur, which practically does not protect them from the cold, therefore, in the first weeks of their life, the female does not leave the den, supporting her existence due to accumulated fat.

Newborn cubs feed exclusively on mother's milk. They do not open their eyes immediately, but a month after birth. Two-month-old babies begin to crawl out of the den, in order to leave it completely when they reach 3 months. At the same time, they continue to feed on milk and stay close to the female until they reach 1.5 years of age. Little cubs are practically helpless, therefore they often become prey for larger predators. Mortality among polar bears under the age of 1 year is at least 10-30%.

A new pregnancy in a female occurs only after the death of the offspring, or its introduction into adulthood, that is, no more than 1 time in 2-3 years. On average, no more than 15 cubs are born from one female in her entire life, half of which die.

What does a polar bear eat

The polar bear feeds exclusively on meat and fish food. Seals, ringed seals, bearded seals, walruses, white whales and narwhals become its victims. Having caught and killed the prey, the predator proceeds to eat its skin and fat. It is this part of the carcass that polar bears eat in most cases. They prefer not to eat fresh meat, making an exception only during periods of long hunger strikes. Such a nutritious diet is necessary for the accumulation of vitamin A in the liver, which helps to survive a long winter without consequences. What the polar bear does not eat is picked up by scavengers following it - arctic foxes and wolves.

To saturate the predator needs at least 7 kilograms of food. A hungry bear can eat 19 or more kilograms. If the prey is gone, and there is no strength left to pursue it, then the beast feeds on fish, carrion, bird eggs and chicks. At such a time, the bear becomes dangerous to humans. He wanders to the outskirts of the villages, eating garbage and tracking down lonely travelers. In famine years, bears also do not disdain algae and grass. Periods of a long hunger strike mainly fall in the summer, when the ice melts and recedes from the shore. At this time, the bears are forced to use their own fat reserves, sometimes starving for more than 4 months in a row. The question of what the polar bear eats becomes irrelevant during such periods, since the animal is ready to eat literally everything that moves.

Hunting

The bear tracks down its prey for a long time, sometimes it stays for hours near the polynya, waiting for a seal to come up to breathe air. As soon as the head of the prey is above the water, the predator delivers a powerful blow to it with its paw. A stunned carcass, he clings with his claws and pulls out to land. To increase its chances of being caught, the bear expands the boundaries of the opening and practically plunges its head into the water in order to have time to notice the appearance of prey.

Seals cannot spend all their time in the water, they need to rest sometimes, which is what polar bears use. Noticing a suitable seal, the bear imperceptibly swims up and overturns the ice floe on which it is resting. The fate of the seal is sealed. If the walrus became the bear's prey, then everything is not so simple. Walruses have a powerful defense in the form of front fangs, with which they can easily pierce an unlucky attacker. An adult walrus can be much stronger than a bear, especially if he is young and does not yet have sufficient experience in such battles.

Bearing this in mind, bears attack only weak or young walruses, doing this exclusively on land. The prey is tracked down for a long time, the bear sneaks up to the closest possible distance, after which it makes a jump and leans on the victim with all its weight.

AT natural environment habitat the bear has a minimum number of enemies. If the animal is injured or sick, then walruses, killer whales, wolves, arctic foxes and even dogs can attack it. A healthy bear is larger than any of the named predators and can easily cope even with several opponents who attacked in a common mass. A sick animal takes a significant risk and often prefers to avoid battle by lying down in a lair.

Sometimes the prey of wolves and dogs are small bear cubs, whose mother went hunting, or is watching them inattentively. The life of the bear is also threatened by poachers who are interested in killing the animal in order to obtain its luxurious skin and a large amount of meat.

Family ties

First appeared on the planet about 5 million years ago. The polar bear separated itself from its brown ancestors no more than 600 thousand years ago, and yet its closest relative continues to be an ordinary brown bear.

Both the polar bear and the brown bear are genetically similar, therefore, as a result of crossing, quite viable offspring are obtained, which can also later be used to produce young animals. Black and white bears will not naturally be born, but the young will inherit all the best qualities of both individuals.

At the same time, the white and brown bears live in different ecological systems, which affected the formation of a number of phenotypic traits in them, as well as differences in nutrition, behavior and lifestyle. The presence of a significant difference in all of the above made it possible to classify the brown bear, or grizzly, as a separate species.

Polar bear and brown bear: comparative characteristics

Both white and brown bears have a number distinctive features, the essence of which is as follows:

	Polar bear, or umka	Black and brown bear
Length	At least 3 meters	2-2.5 meters
Body mass	1-1.2 tons	Up to 750 kilograms maximum
Subspecies	Doesn't have any	The brown bear has a large number of subspecies that have spread throughout the world.
Physiological characteristics	Elongated neck, medium-sized flattened head.	Thick and short neck, massive rounded head.
Habitat	The southern boundary of the polar bear's habitat is the tundra.	Brown bears are distributed throughout the planet, while preferring more southern regions. The limit of their habitat in the north is the southern border of the tundra.
food preferences	The polar bear feeds on meat and fish.	In addition to meat, the brown bear eats berries, nuts, and insect larvae.
Hibernation time	Winter hibernation does not exceed 80 days. Mostly pregnant females go on vacation.	The duration of hibernation is from 75 to 195 days, depending on the region where the animal lives.
Gon	March-June	May - July
Offspring	No more than 3 cubs, most often 1-2 newborns in a litter.	2-3 cubs are born, in some cases their number can reach 4-5.

Both white and brown bears are dangerous predators, which leads to legitimate questions about who is stronger in a fight, a polar bear or a grizzly? It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question posed about who is stronger, or who will win the polar bear or the brown one. These animals almost never intersect. In the conditions of the zoo, they behave quite peacefully.

Interesting facts about the polar bear

There are many legends and myths about the polar bear. At the same time, some features of his behavior are so interesting that they deserve the attention of not only lovers of legends, but young admirers. wildlife. To date, the following is known about the polar bear:

• Most large predators are found in the Barents Sea, smaller animals prefer the island of Svalbard and the area near it.
• In photographs taken under ultraviolet light, the polar bear's fur appears black.
• Starving bears can travel great distances, moving not only by land, but also by swimming. In this, both white and brown bears are similar. The fact of a bear swim was recorded, lasting over 9 days. During this time, the female covered over 660 kilometers along the Beaufort Sea, lost 22% of her mass and a one-year-old bear cub, but survived and was able to get ashore.
• The polar bear is not afraid of man, a hungry predator is able to make him his prey, chasing him tirelessly for many days. In the city of Churchill, which belongs to the Canadian province of Manitoba, there is a special place where bears wandering into the territory of the settlement are temporarily confined. The existence of a temporary zoo is a necessary measure. A hungry predator not afraid of the human presence can enter the house and attack a person. After overexposure and a hearty meal, the bear leaves the city already less aggressive, which allows us to hope for its not soon return.
• According to the Eskimos, the polar bear embodies the forces of nature. A man cannot call himself such until he enters into an equal confrontation with him.
• The giant polar bear is the ancestor of the modern bear.
• In 1962, a bear was shot dead in Alaska, weighing 1002 kilograms.
• The bear is a warm-blooded animal. Its body temperature reaches 31 degrees Celsius, which makes it quite difficult for a predator to move quickly. Long running can lead to overheating of the body.
• Children are introduced to the image of a polar bear through such cartoons as "Umka", "Elka" and "Bernard".
• Everyone's favorite sweets "Bear in the North" also have an image of a polar bear.
• The official polar bear day is February 27th.
• The polar bear is one of the symbols of the state of Alaska.

Polar bears are considered to be under-prolific, so their population is recovering extremely slowly. According to an audit conducted in 2013, the number of bears in Russia did not exceed 7 thousand individuals (20-25 thousand individuals worldwide).

For the first time, a ban on the extraction of meat and skins of these animals was introduced in 1957, due to their almost complete extermination. local residents and poachers. Polar bears, whose habitat has been disturbed, invade human possessions.

My daughter loves to watch the cartoon about Umka. And today she asked where Umka lives and whether he is friends with penguins. Then another series of questions followed, and I had to answer. I will tell you about all the subtleties of my answer.

Locations of polar bears

Polar bears, as my daughter expected, live at the North Pole. But with the penguins natural conditions they don't meet. All because they live on different ends the globe. Penguins live exclusively at the South Pole, and polar bears at the North. The largest part of these bears lives in Northern Canada. In Russia Polar bears live on Vrungel Island.

Survival in extreme conditions

Polar bears look very cute and funny, but they live in the harshest places. What helps them survive?

Bears feed mainly on seals.. In one season, a polar bear can eat up to 50 seals. But they rarely eat meat. They mainly eat skin and fat., and Arctic foxes, who often follow polar bears, eat up the meat behind them. During the day the bear passes and swims long distancesin search of prey. He can spend several hours at the hole, waiting for the next seal.

With coming global warming the climate is changing, glaciers are receding, and polar bears have to travel thousands of kilometers in search of seal habitats. And during the summer, when it gets warm, bears can fast for up to four months.. At this time, they lie peacefully on the shore and bask in the sun.

Where do polar bears and penguins live (lesson game)

Goals: 1. To form an idea of ​​the diversity of the nature of the Earth;

• 2. To acquaint with the cold regions of the earth - the North and South Poles, with the fauna of these regions;
• 3. Make an application from cut threads, instill accuracy;
• 4. Develop curiosity, cultivate love for all living things.

Equipment: 1. Globe;

• 2. Drawings of nature and fauna of the Arctic Ocean, Antarctica;
• 3. Flower - seven-flower;
• 4. Application sample; bear templates;
• 5. Each student has a cardboard blue color, white woolen threads, PVA glue, scissors, red and green signal cards.

Explanatory note

This integrated lesson of the surrounding world was held in the 1st grade in the third quarter in January according to the thematic plan.

The whole lesson is built in the form of a game-journey with the help of the Seven-flower Flower. Tearing off the petals of a flower, children find themselves where polar bears and penguins live; at the same time, they say verses from a fairy tale: “Fly, fly a petal, through the west and east, through the north, through the south, return, making a circle. As soon as you touch the ground, to be our way!" Work form - choral learning. Repetition of the material covered carried out in the form games"Yes - no" using signal cards. Introduction to new material goes through teacher's story, textbook work and in Workbook, through practical work - application of a polar bear from cardboard and woolen threads, which helps to activate the attention of children, interest in the subject, develops creative independence. For consolidation of the studied material during the lesson conversation about where you've been, what you've seen and learned. Outcome given in the form tasks for logical thinking: "Do polar bears hunt penguins?" If the children answered this question and substantiated their answer, then the lesson achieved its goals.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

Today we will go on a journey, visit the coldest regions of our Earth, find out where polar bears and penguins live. But first, WARM-UP.

II. Game "Yes - No"

Previously studied material is repeated in the form of a game.

Children have signal cards: a green circle means the answer is “Yes”, a red circle means “No”.

Guys, now we will play the game "YES - NO". I will read the sentences, if you agree with what they say, then raise the green circle, if you do not agree - red.

The teacher reads the sentences:

• - Were you adults in the past? (No)
• - Is the present what is happening now? (Yes)
• Will Saturday come after Friday? (Yes)
• Is the first day of the week Tuesday? (No)
• - Between Wednesday and Friday - Thursday? (Yes)
• Will summer come after spring? (Yes)
• - December, January, February is winter months? (Yes)
• Does spring come before winter? (No)
• - Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday are the months? (No)
• Does winter come after autumn? (Yes)

If there was a wrong sentence, then the children correct it, for example:

- Were you adults in the past? (No, we were babies in the past.)

III. Working on a new theme

• - Children, let's look at the blackboard and remember the topic of the lesson ( Where do polar bears and penguins live?
• - And the Tsvetik - the seven-flower will help us find out about this.
• (A flower with petals is attached on a magnetic board)

One student goes to the board, tears off a petal, and everyone says:

Fly fly petal

Through the west to the east

Through the north, through the south,

Come back, make a circle.

As soon as you touch the ground

Be our way!

The teacher continues:

• - Tell them to be where the polar bears live!
• (Children close their eyes, the teacher opens one half of the board, where pictures of the nature of the north, the animal world are posted)
• - Where are we? Snow, ice all around, it's very cold here. ( In the north)
• - We need to urgently arm ourselves with everything necessary. Look at task 1 page 31 in the Workbook and tell us what do we need? ( Hat, jacket, mittens, skis and snowmobiles are useful for movement)
• - There is a very cold area on Earth - this is the Arctic Ocean. Most of it is constantly covered with ice and snow (the Teacher shows on the globe and on the map the Arctic Ocean). In this area of ​​the earth is North Pole. (Show on the globe)
• - Look at page 72 of the textbook, who is meeting us? (Students look at the pictures and read the names of animals: walrus, seal, cod, skua, polar bear)

The teacher talks about polar bears:

Polar bears live on Far North, beyond the polar circle, among eternal ice and snow - on the islands and the cold coast of the Arctic Ocean. This is the largest, strongest and most powerful animal from the bear family. It weighs about 700 kg, and the length of its body reaches three meters.

Polar bears are covered from head to toe with thick white fur. The fur grows even on the pads of the paws, so the animals move easily and quickly on snow and ice. Bear fur perfectly retains the heat of his body. Thanks to their thick undercoat, they are not afraid of even the most severe frosts.

Polar bears are excellent swimmers and can stay in the water for hours. Water does not penetrate under their fur coat, and therefore, even in frost, they remain dry and they are not afraid of any cold. Bears in the most severe frosts bathe in icy water. They swim well, dive and often take long walks, moving away from land into the open sea for tens of kilometers. A lot of time the polar bear spends on floating ice floes, wanders along the coast and only occasionally goes into the depths of the land.

The favorite food of polar bears is seals, fish, seaweed, bird eggs, arctic foxes.

Polar bears hibernate in ice dens. In November or December, a mother bear digs a deep lair in the snow. After 1-2 months, two or three babies are born, who sleep with her in a warm den until spring. Polar bear cubs stay with their mother for about two years after birth. All this time she feeds them, takes care of them.

VI. Practical work

And now we will try to make our own polar bears.

The teacher demonstrates a sample application, and the order of work is determined:

• 1. Draw the silhouette of a bear according to the template on blue cardboard.
• 2. Take white woolen threads and wrap them around the fingers of your left hand (if the child is left-handed, then he wraps the fingers of his right hand).
• 3. Remove the threads from your fingers and cut into pieces, no more than 1 cm long.
• 4. Spread glue on the bear and apply cut threads. Work carefully.
• 5. Thick wool is ready, it remains to glue the eye and nose on top
• - How to do it? ( Cut out small circles from black paper and glue)

The students who completed the application before the others start doing task 2 in the Workbook on page 31. They find the differences in the pictures. The job is then checked.

VII. Physical minute

1. The cubs lived with their mother, 2. I'm not afraid of frost,

They turned their heads. I'm very close with him.

Like this, like this! (Movement) Frost will come to me

They waddled, Touched the hand, touched the nose.

And they drank water from the sea. (Show hand, nose)

Like this, like this! (Movement) So, you must not yawn

And then they danced, jump, run and play

Paws raised together. (Movement)

Like this, like this! (Movement)

VIII. Textbook work

Reading students in a chain read the text aloud on page 72 of the textbook. bear penguin antarctica arctic

The teacher asks questions about the content of the reading:

• What are the cold regions of the Earth called? ( Arctic Ocean and Antarctica)
• What covers most of the Arctic Ocean? ( Ice and snow)
• - Which pole is located in this cold region of the Earth? ( North Pole)
• - So, guys, at what pole do polar bears live? ( On the North)
• - There are two poles on Earth: North and South. (The teacher shows the poles on the globe) The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe Earth where it is located South Pole called Antarctica. Guys, what do you think, will it be necessary to take off warm clothes if we find ourselves at the South Pole, in Antarctica? ( No, because it's cold there too)

And now the Flower - the seven-flower will help us to be in Antarctica!

Again, the poem “Fly, fly a petal ...” is read in chorus, the student tears off another petal and the teacher pronounces a desire:

Tell our class to be at the South Pole!

At this time, the children close their eyes, and the teacher closes one and opens the second half of the board, where there are pictures depicting the nature and fauna of Antarctica.

• What part of the world are we in? ( In Antarctica)
• - What animals live here? Are they familiar to you? ( Children immediately recognize the penguins)

On page 73 of the textbook, children read the text, get acquainted with the animal world of Antarctica. The teacher talks about penguins in detail:

Cling to the shore of the steep cold.

Blizzard builds blue cities.

The wind rushes through the snow like a dog

Because frost bites his nose.

Even the ice is not used to this weather,

And the ice continent is bursting at the seams.

And the penguins, and the penguins, at least that:

They run out for a walk without a coat.

They are frosty - unfreezing:

Antarctica is a warm home for penguins.

In black tailcoats, in white T-shirts all year round

This amazing people is walking. ( G.Goppe)

Penguins are sea birds. They dive and swim well, getting their own food: fish, crabs, crustaceans.

Penguins cannot fly because they have flippers instead of wings to help them swim.

The growth of penguins is about a meter. The head and back are black with a blue and green tint, and the feathers on the abdomen are dazzling white. When the penguins come ashore, it seems that these are people leisurely walking in pairs and singly in elegant black tailcoats. Penguins do not have down feathers, but they do have a thick layer of blubber under their skin that protects them from severe frosts and winds.

It is always cold in Antarctica: no more than one degree of heat in summer, and 60 degrees of frost in winter. But even in such harsh conditions, penguins hatch chicks.

In the midst of frost, the penguin lays one egg. The future parents greet the appearance of the egg with joyful cries, bow and thank each other. Then the father penguin takes the egg and hides it in the fat fold on the abdomen. Now he will keep him on his fins for two months, standing in the bitter cold and strong wind almost without moving. All this time, the penguin does not eat anything and lives only at the expense of fat, which he accumulated in the summer. And the mother penguin at this time swims and dives into the sea, fattening up.

But then a chick appears, and now his mother is raising him. It doesn't last long. As soon as the penguin gets on its feet, it is sent to the penguin Kindergarten where he will be among other penguins under the supervision of adult penguins. And the parents, meanwhile, will go to sea for food for the kids.

• What is the name of the region of the Earth where the South Pole is located? ( Antarctica)
• - What is the surface of this huge piece of land covered with? ( Thick layer of ice)
• - What animals live here? ( Penguins)

IX. Lesson summary

• - The wise Turtle has prepared for you a very interest Ask. Let's read this question on page 73 of the textbook:
• - Do polar bears hunt penguins? ( No, because these animals live in different regions of the Earth)
• - What cold regions of the Earth have we learned about? (Arctic Ocean and Antarctica)
• - What poles are located in these areas? ( North Pole and South Pole) Show on the globe.
• - Where do polar bears live? ( At the North Pole)
• - Where do penguins live? ( In Antarctica)
• “Today's journey has come to an end. How can we get back home?

The student tears off another petal, and the children read the poem “Fly, fly a petal ...” in unison, the teacher pronounces a wish:

Tell our class to go home!

The children close their eyes, and the teacher, meanwhile, covers the other half of the board.

Here we are at home in our class. We still need a magic flower. It will help you find out where elephants live. But this will be the next trip and in another lesson of the "World Around".

Thanks for the lesson!