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The white polar bear, or, as it is also called, the sea bear, is a typical inhabitant of the Arctic. It inhabits the ice expanses and islands of the Polar Basin up to the northern coasts of Siberia and North America. Polar bears live in the so-called Arctic "ring of life" - a giant belt in which the largest polynyas are located and there are a huge number of marine animals. Polar bear is the largest predator on our planet. The body length of an adult male can reach three meters, and weight - up to one ton. The height at the withers is more than one and a half meters. True, female polar bears are much smaller and usually weigh 200–300 kilograms. The smallest bears are found in Svalbard, the largest - in the Bering Sea. 
Oshkuy differs from other bears in its long neck and flat head. Interestingly, the skin of the polar bear is black, and the color of the fur varies from white to yellowish. Zoologists suggest that the yellowness of the fur manifests itself with constant exposure to sunlight. There is no pigment color in the bear's fur itself, and the hairs are hollow and have the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays, which protects the beast from overheating in the sun. Sometimes the hair of a polar bear becomes greenish in color - this is due to the fact that microscopic algae start up inside the hairs. Usually such a "repainting" occurs in a hot climate (when kept in zoos and zoos). 
The "fur coat" of the polar bear is very thick and dense, it protects well from the cold and, in addition, is saturated with grease, which prevents the wool from getting wet in water. The soles of the paws of the beast are also covered with wool. All polar bears have a thick layer of subcutaneous fat under the skin, which also saves from hypothermia. 
On the front paws of the polar bear, membranes are located between the fingers, allowing the beast to swim quite long distances. There are cases when polar bears traveled more than fifty kilometers in search of food, while constantly being in icy water. Moreover, they can swim with a huge speed for their mass - about 12 kilometers per hour. But usually these predators prefer another way of moving - on ice floes that have broken off from fast ice. 
Standing idle for days on its ice floe, the animal periodically rises on its hind legs and carefully examines pieces of ice floating nearby in search of seals, walruses, seals and other marine animals. Having found prey, the bear silently slips into the water and carefully swims up to its prey so that only the eyes and nose are visible on the surface. If the ice field is large and it is necessary to make a land flight at dinner, then the bear will lie on its belly and slowly crawl up to the potential victim from the leeward side, covering its eyes and nose with one paw - the only black spots that are clearly visible on a white background and are able to give it away predator. 
The polar bear finishes its prey with one blow of a powerful paw, armed with huge, non-retractable claws. At one time, an adult beast is able to eat up to 20 kilograms of meat. 
If there is little prey, then the bear will not disdain carrion, eggs or chicks, and in places inhabited by humans it can delve into garbage pits. In accordance with annual changes, the polar bear makes annual migrations: in summer it retreats to the pole, and in winter it moves south, even going to the mainland, but still prefers to stay on the ice or on the coast. But the polar bear's lair, intended for hibernation, can be found both on the polar islands and in the depths of the mainland - fifty kilometers from the coast. True, only pregnant females lie in a long winter hibernation, the duration of which is fifty to eighty days. Males and single females go into hibernation for a short time, and even then not every year. Polar bears have a very low breeding potential, with a female giving birth for the first time at four to eight years of age. A female bear gives birth no more than once every two or three years and has one to three cubs in a litter. Throughout her life, the female can bring no more than fifteen cubs. Moreover, the mortality among newborns reaches 30%.
POLAR BEAR
Who hasn't seen a polar bear? In zoos, he is an ordinary guest. There is no need to describe what it looks like. We only recall that he only has a black nose, the bear itself is white both in winter and in summer (and not like, say, a polar fox or a white hare - they are only white in winter). The soles of the paws of the polar bear are overgrown with thick hair, and the fingers are connected by swimming membranes for about half of their length.
Polar bears swim and dive perfectly. Two minutes can stay under water, but they rarely dive deeper than two meters into it. Far in the open sea, polar bears have been seen more than once, even she-bears with cubs. They swim at a speed of 5 kilometers per hour, not worrying that neither land nor ice is visible anywhere near.
The polar bear catches seals not only on the ice, stealthily creeping up to them. His usual method, so to speak, of an attack from the sea is as follows: near the seal rookeries, the bear carefully, without splashing and noise, slides into the water, swims to where he noticed the seals. Then he silently dives and emerges already at the very rookery, quickly climbs onto the ice, thereby cutting off the seals' path to saving water. On sheer ice walls, a bear can jump straight out of the water onto an ice floe, even if its height above the water is two meters.
Seals are the main hunting prey of the polar bear in spring. It catches and eats about 50 seals per year. In summer, the menu is more varied. He catches fish in shallow water, on the shore - lemmings, arctic foxes, feasts on bird eggs. When hungry, eats berries, algae, mosses, lichens, mushrooms.
The polar bear is the most powerful of the land predatory animals. The lion and the tiger are lightweight in comparison: the average weight of female bears is 310 kilograms, and that of male bears is 420 kilograms. If the bear is seasoned and well-fed, then it can weigh a whole ton!
at the intermediate certification
for 4th grade course
for 2013-2014 academic year
Test by literary reading and speech development
1. Polar bear in summer
a) changes the color of the coat; b) does not change coat color
2. The soles of the paws of the polar bear are covered
A) thick hair b) thickened skin
3. The toes of the paws of a polar bear are half their length
a) connected by swimming membranes; b) grow together
4 Polar Bears Can Swim Fast
A) 2 kilometers per hour b) 5 kilometers per hour
5. The polar bear menu is more varied
A) in winter b) in the spring; c) in summer
6. The average weight of a bear
a) 310 kg; b) 420 kg
7. A mature and well-fed bear can weigh
a) 420 kg; b) a ton
Math test
1. How long does it take for a polar bear to swim from the shore to the ice floe?
a) 3 hours; b) 10 hours; c) 20 hours; d) 75 hours
When solving the problem, you can use the picture: gray quadrangle - earth, white quadrangle - ice floe; a bear swims in a straight line, shown by a dotted line
0 3 6 km
2. Can a polar bear jump out of the water onto an ice floe if its height is 180 cm?
A) yes, since 1 m 8 cm< 2 м; б) да, так как 1 м 8 дм < 2 м;
C) no, because 1 m 8 cm > 2 m; d) no, because 1 m 8 dm > 2 m
3. What part of an hour can a polar bear stay under water without emerging from it?
A) thirtieth of an hour b) a tenth of an hour;
C) a third of an hour d) the second part of the hour
4. How many seals can a family of three bears eat in 2 years?
A) 300 seals; b) 150 seals; c) 100 seals; d) 50 seals
5. Who is heavier: a bear or a male bear? How many kilos?
A) a female bear is 110 kg heavier than a male bear
B) a she-bear is 110 kg lighter than a male bear
C) a male bear is 730 kg heavier than a she-bear
D) a male bear is lighter than a she-bear by 730 kg
6. Choose the correct answer.
A bear and a bear swim towards each other. The bear swims at a speed of 5 kilometers per hour, the bear at a speed of 6 kilometers per hour and swim 22 kilometers. How long will it take them to cover this distance?
a) 3 hours
b) 2 hours
at 4 o'clock
d) 1 hour
Test around the world
1. What natural area do polar bears live?
a) in the Arctic desert; b) in the Arctic Ocean;
c) on Wrangel Island; d) in the tundra
2. In what natural zone is the city of Vorkuta located
a) in the tundra; b) in the forest zone; c) in the ice zone; d) in the steppe
3. What groups do the animals mentioned in the article belong to?
a) animals, birds, fish, reptiles;
b) mammals, birds, fish;
c) animals, birds, fish, amphibians
4. Which group of animals can be attributed to the polar bear according to the way of feeding?
a) predator b) omnivorous;
c) herbivorous; d) insectivorous
5. From the plants mentioned in the article, select a group herbaceous plants, which never bloom and do not have seeds (use the dictionary of the textbook if necessary)
a) mosses, algae, lichens; b) mosses, algae;
C) mosses, algae, mushrooms; d) mosses, algae, fungi, lichens
6. Which paragraph talks about what kind of bears are swimmers?
a) 1st; b) 2nd; c) 3rd; d) 4th; e) 5th
7. What part of the text (which paragraph) can be called: "Cunning and cunning hunter"?
a) 1st; b) 2nd; c) 3rd; d) 4th; e) 5th
8. Given text:
a) artistic; b) popular science
Test by Russian language
1. The text about polar bears has the most sentences:
a) narrative; b) interrogative
a) at the beginning of the text; b) at the end of the text
4. Write outsecond part text (fromsecond paragraph ) first sentence. Break it down into parts of the sentence. What can you say about predicates? They are
a) related words b) homogeneous members of the proposal
5. What can be said about the verbs that express the predicates? These verbs are:
a)Iconjugations; b)IIconjugations
6. These verbs are in the form:
a) present time; b) future tense; c) past tense
a) singular; b) plural
Test score
Attestation mark
21-28
11-20
8-10
0-7
comprehensive final work
Part 1
ass
nia
Right answers
for each task
Section "Reading: working with textual information"
Doesn't change color
1 point
thick wool
1 point
Swimming membranes
1 point
5 kilometers
1 point
summer
1 point
310 kilograms
1 point
a ton
1 point
The maximum score for the section "Reading: working with textual information" 7 points
Section "Mathematics"
3 hours
1 point
Yes
1 point
10.
thirtieth of an hour
1 point
11.
BUT
300 seals
1 point
12.
B
For 110 kilograms
1 point
13.
B
2 hours
1 point
Maximum score per section "Maths" 6 points
Part 2
ass
nia
Right answers
Maximum score
for each task
Chapter " The world»
In the arctic wilderness
1 point
In the Tundra
1 point
Mammals, birds, fish
1 point
Omnivorous
1 point
Mosses, algae
1 point
1 point
1 point
Popular science
1 point
The maximum score for the "World around" section is 8 points
Section "Russian language"
narrative
1 point
10.
At the end of the text
1 point
11.
At the beginning of the text
1 point
12.
Homogeneous members of a sentence
1 point
13.
1 conjugation
1 point
14.
present tense
1 point
15.
Plural
1 point
Maximum score per section "Russian language" 7 points
The maximum score for complex work is 28 points
Dolphin*
Have you ever seen dolphins? Dolphin is a mysterious animal on our planet. The intelligence of this sea dweller He is considered so tall that he is called the "man of the sea". The shiny bodies of dolphins resemble drops in their shape. The muzzle is elongated into a narrow beak, the nostrils are merged into one "drawbar", from which the animal can release a fountain of spray two meters high. The tail of dolphins, unlike fish, is located horizontally.
"People of the Sea" became famous as tireless companions of ships. They were often seen escorting ships to the open sea. Dolphins can swim at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour, no one in the sea swims faster than them. The fastest dolphin is the common dolphin.
Dolphins are not fish, but mammals. They feed their young with milk and breathe not with gills, but with lungs. They often need to come up out of the water to breathe. Dive into the water usually no longer than 3 minutes.
Dolphins are found in many seas and oceans of the world. A dolphin eats up to 30 kilograms of live fish per day. Dolphins always hunt in packs. They catch up with a school of fish and surround it. Then they push the fish to the very shallow water and eat it there.
A dolphin lives for about 50 years. Their average weight is 500 kilograms. A beluga whale can weigh up to 940 kilograms. Baby dolphins are born about once every two years.
At this time, the dolphin is trying to jump high so that the cub can take its first breath. Dolphins are very touching parents who take care of their cubs for about 5 years.
Dolphins can make various sounds - whistling, clicking, barking, moaning, screeching, grunting, meowing, chirping and others. A dull lingering whistle followed by a high and melodic one means that the dolphin is calling for help. When dolphins get angry, they bark!
Examination complex work
in mathematics, Russian language,
literary reading, the world around
at the intermediate certification
for 4th grade course
for 2013-2014 academic year
Literary Reading Test
The dolphin is called the "man of the sea" because of his:
a) mystery b) intelligence
The tail of the dolphins is located:
a) horizontally b) vertically
Where does the fountain hit the animal:
a) from the beak b) from the drawbar
A dolphin can swim at a speed of:
a) 30 km/h b) 50 km/h
Dolphin can be under water:
a) 2 minutes b) 3 minutes c) 5 minutes
A dolphin is a mammal because:
a) feeds her young with milk
b) fish in shallow water
Dolphin can weigh
a) 500 kg b) a ton
Math test
1. How long does it take for a dolphin to swim from the coast to the island?
a) Zch
b) 10h
c) 8 pm
d) 75 hours
Use the drawing to solve the problem. Gray quadrangle - earth, white quadrangle - island; the dolphin swims in a straight line, shown by a dotted line.
2. Will a dolphin be able to spray a person standing on a tower 250 cm high with its fountain?
a) yes, since 2m<2м5см
b) no, since 2m<2м5дм
c) no, because 2m>2m5cm
d) yes, since 2 m > 2 m 5 dm
3. What part of an hour can a dolphin stay under water without emerging from it:
a) a thirtieth of an hour b) a third of an hour
c) twentieth of an hour d) second of an hour
4. How many kilograms of fish can a family of three dolphins eat in a week?
a) 30 kilograms b) 90 kilograms
c) 210 kilograms d) 630 kilograms
5. Who is heavier: the average dolphin or the white whale? How many kilograms?
a) the average dolphin is 440 kg heavier than the beluga whale
b) the average dolphin is 440 kg lighter than the beluga whale
c) the beluga whale is 1440 kg heavier than the average dolphin
d) the white whale is 1440 kg lighter than the average dolphin
6. Choose the right solution.
Dolphins swim towards each other. The dolphin swims at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour, and the Belobochka dolphin at a speed of 70 kilometers per hour. How long will it take them to swim a distance of 360 kilometers before meeting?
a) 4 hours
b) 2 hours
at 3 o'clock
d) 1 hour
Test around the world
1. To which group of animals can dolphins be classified according to the way they feed?
a) mammal c) herbivore
b) omnivore d) insectivore
2. Who are the neighbors of the dolphins?
a) carp, crucian carp, roach
b) salmon, herring, anchovy
c) penguin, polar bear
3. There are 6 paragraphs in the text. Which paragraph talks about why dolphins are mammals?
a) 1st c) 3rd e) 5th
b) 2nd d) 4th f) 6th
4. Which paragraph talks about appearance dolphin?
a) the first b) the last
5. Which paragraph talks about what sounds a dolphin can make?
a) the first b) the last
6. Which paragraph tells about the way dolphins hunt fish?
a) 1st c) 3rd e) 5th
b) 2nd d) 4th f) 6th
7. Which paragraph talks about which dolphins are swimmers?
a) 1st c) 3rd e) 5th
b) 2nd d) 4th f) 6th
8. Given text:
a) artistic
b) popular science
Russian language test
1. The text about white dolphins has the most sentences:
a) narrative b) interrogative
2. The exclamatory sentence is:
3. Interrogative sentence located
a) at the beginning of the text b) at the end of the text
4. Write out the fourth sentence from the fourth paragraph of the text. Highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence.
What can you say about predicates? They are:
a ) related words b) homogeneous members of the sentence
5. These verbs are in the form:
a) present time
b) future tense
c) past tense
6. These verbs are in the form:
a) singular
b) plural
7. These verbs are in the form:
a) feminine c) neuter
b) masculine d) cannot be determined
The ratio of the test score and the certification mark:
Test score
Attestation mark
21-28
11-20
8-10
0-7
Keys and grading system for completing assignments
comprehensive final work
Part 1
ass
nia
Right answers
Maximum score
for each task
Section "Reading: working with textual information"
Intelligence
1 point
Horizontally
1 point
From the drawbar
1 point
50 kilometers per hour
1 point
3 minutes
1 point
milk
1 point
500 kilograms
1 point
The maximum score for the section "Reading: working with textual information" 7 points
Section "Mathematics"
3 hours
1 point
Not
1 point
twentieth part of an hour
1 point
10.
630 kilograms
1 point
11.
At 440 kilograms
1 point
12.
3 hours
1 point
The maximum score for the section "Mathematics" 6 points
The maximum score for 1 part is 13 points
Part 2
ass
nia
Right answers
Maximum score
for each task
Section "World around"
mammal
1 point
Salmon, herring, anchovy
1 point
1 point
1 point
In the last
1 point
1 point
1 point
Popular science
1 point
Maximum score per section "The world" 8 points
Section "Russian language"
narrative
1 point
At the end of the text
1 point
At the beginning
1 point
10.
Homogeneous members of a sentence
1 point
11.
present tense
1 point
12.
Plural
1 point
13.
B
masculine
1 point
« Maximum score per section "Russian language" 7 points
The maximum score for part 2 is 15 points
The maximum score for complex work is 28 points
Goals: clarify with children the names of animals of the North; knowledge of their external features, their structure, what they eat, characteristic habits; know the family form compound adjectives with suffix -search, possessive adjectives; develop vocabulary on the topic.
Equipment: demonstration material - a globe, pictures depicting animals of the North.
Lesson progress
1. The speech therapist's story
The north is that part of the world where snow lies almost all year round, the seas are covered with thick ice, blow strong winds, sweeping blizzards. The speech therapist shows the globe. Shows where the north is. Around North Pole there is an ocean, so you can get to it by plane or by ship (icebreaker). People at the Pole do not live permanently, they conduct research work, study climatic conditions, life of animals. Near the Arctic Ocean there is a part of the earth, which is called the tundra. The tundra is also very cold. Most of the year the ground is covered with snow and only for 1-2 months the snow melts. Live there: polar bears, walruses, seals, reindeer, arctic foxes, white wolves, etc.
2. Examination and discussion of illustrations
a) The picture "Polar Bear" is displayed.
Who is it? name external signs.
How does he move? What does it eat?
What bear? Describe? (White, clumsy, big, mossnaked, etc.)
The bear has thick paws - ..., short ears- ... , long hair - ... , wide paws - ... .
Formation of nouns with a suffix -search: paws - ... , whiskers - ... claws - ... etc.
Among the predatory animals of the North, the largest is the polar bear. The body is covered with white long hair. He has a slender body, an elongated neck, a small elongated head. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat and thick wool protect against hypothermia and allow you to stay in the water for a long time. The soles of the paws are covered with long stiff hairs, so the bear does not slip when climbing the ice floes. The white color makes it invisible against the background of snow, ice, which makes it easier for him to hunt for seals. The bear's sense of smell is very subtle, and it detects food under a thick layer of snow. In early December, cubs are born to a she-bear. The bear feeds on fish, seals, walruses.
b) The picture "Walrus" is displayed.
What walrus? Name family members (walrus, walrus, seazhonok).
Formation of compound adjectives:
the walrus has a long mustache - ... , a thick neck - ... , wide flippers - ... , long fangs - ... .
The walrus has a body, head, neck, fangs, flippers. Thick skin is covered with sparse coarse reddish hair. The flippers are devoid of hair, but the hind flippers can be tucked under the body and, when moving, help to push off the surface of the ice and the ground. Fins help them swim and dive. Walruses are not afraid of the cold, they do not freeze in ice water, because their body protects them from cooling with a thick layer of subcutaneous fat. Walruses can sleep not only on the shore, but also in the sea; while sleeping, they do not sink in water. Walruses do not see well, but have a good sense of smell. They recognize by smell that danger is approaching. The walrus gives birth to one cub. A newborn walrus cub stays close to its mother until its fangs grow - an organ for obtaining food. They feed on fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans.
c) The picture "Seal" is displayed.
Who is it? Name the external signs. How does he move? What does it eat? Name family members. What seal?
Seals are well adapted to life in the water. They have a spindle-shaped body, a short neck. Most of the time they spend in the water, they move quickly in it and deftly dive. Their front flippers act like oars, and the back flippers act like a steering wheel. In the water, seals emit inaudible signals with which they detect prey. The seal's body is covered with short coarse hairs. Seals give birth to one white baby. They feed them with milk. Seals feed aquatic organisms, fish.
d) The picture "Reindeer" is displayed.
Who is it? Name the external signs. How does he move? What does it eat?
Formation of possessive adjectives: Deer antlers - Whose antlers? - Deer. Hooves - .. Muzzle - ... etc.
There are wild reindeer in the tundra. They are well adapted to harsh living conditions. There are long horns on the head, the body is covered with hair that protects the deer from the cold, it is especially strongly developed on the neck. By winter, deer get fat, this helps them to endure very coldy. In frosty weather, they huddle in dense herds. In June, the doe gives birth to one cub, which on the same day can already run. They feed on lichen, reindeer moss. In summer they feed on all kinds of herbs, mushrooms, shoots of dwarf willows and birches.
e) The picture "Arctic fox" is displayed.
The arctic fox resembles a fox, but is slightly smaller in size. Foxes are white and blue. The soles of their paws are covered with a brush of coarse hair, this protects against frostbite when moving on snow and ice. Rounded short ears are almost hidden in the wool, this saves them from hypothermia. By winter, arctic foxes grow fat, in summer they feed on voles, eat eggs of chicks, even adult birds - partridges. Also on the shore they eat crabs, sea urchins.
3. Summary of the lesson
Fixing material
I. Know the external signs of animals. What do they eat, how do they move, where do they live. Clarify why they are called "animals of the North". Choose an epithet for each animal. Compose descriptive story about any animal.
Questions to describe the animal: Who is it? Where does he live? What colour? How does he move? What does it eat?
II. The grammatical structure of speech and word formation.
1. The formation of plural nouns in the nominative and genitive cases.
For example: seal - seals - seals, etc.
2. Formation of complex adjectives.
For example: The walrus has long whiskers. What walrus? - Long-haired. Deer have long antlers. - ... The bear has thick paws. - ... At the arctic fox sharp teeth. - ...
3. Formation of possessive adjectives. For example: Antler. Whose horns? - Deer. Bearskin. Whose skin? - ... Fox tail. Whose tail? - ... The tusks of a walrus. Whose fangs? - ... Seal flippers. Whose flippers? - ...
4. Fix the use of prepositions on, from (with), under, from under, for, because of.
Come up with sentences with these prepositions on this topic.
The polar bear reaches 3 m in length, and it weighs 800-1000 kg. The soles of the bear's paws are covered with wool so that it is not slippery on the ice. The polar bear lives in the Arctic, on the ice by the sea, and is also found almost at the North Pole. It feeds on fish and marine animals. White wool helps the bear to be invisible in the snow. He even covers his black nose with his paw so as not to stand out among the white snow. The bear has a very good sense of smell: he smells his "dinner" at a distance of 15-20 km. It is believed that the polar bear has no enemies among animals. Its main enemy is man. A nimble and stealthy predator, the polar bear will stop at nothing to satisfy its hunger, even if it means risking its life to do so.
Year-round bears are associated with drifters and landfast sea ice, where seals are hunted - ringed seals, as well as bearded seals. Pregnant females lie in dens for up to six months, in some years male bears remain on land for several weeks. Most of their life is spent in roaming, which is associated with the search for open water and food. The bear hunts with a clawed paw. The shaggy fur of a bear, soaked in fat, does not get wet in water. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat protects from the cold.
The polar bear has a low breeding potential: the female gives birth for the first time at the age of 4-8 years, gives birth once every three years and has 1-3 cubs in the litter; during life brings no more than 10-15 cubs. At birth, a bear cub weighs up to 500 g, but after two months - 10 kg. Mortality among cubs is 10-30%. The decline in the number of the animal is associated with the poaching of bears, as well as pesticide poisoning and water pollution with oil produced on the shelves. Warming in the Arctic is also not good for the polar bear - the edge of the floating ice is sometimes too far from the coast.
AT vivo the polar bear lives for about 19 years, with a maximum of 25-30 years.
To track the movements of polar bears, radio beacons are used, but only female bears wear a collar with a transmitter. In males, the neck is thicker than the head, and the collar does not rest on it.
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